Evening Star Newspaper, February 27, 1921, Page 61

MAGAZINE SECTION | The Sundiy St " " Part 4—6 Pages WASHINGTON, D. C, SUNDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 27, 1921. Inauguration of Warren G. Harding as President of the United States . - 1 9 on July 10, 1830. When Abraham HE fourth bist epoch in the devel ll““mm T10jasie BWheni Abcahan: opment of this government Will { Johnsou of Tennessee was sworn in | 3 be ushered in by the inaugura- | on April 15, 1865..in the old K‘rkwoc;‘l ¢ e e : | House, predecessor of the Ralelg _ ton of Warren G. Harding next| gotel.’ Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio | Friday. and the responsibilities that lie | ook ‘the oath_ on' Mapeh o 1817, | Chester A. Arthur took the oath, fol-| lowing the assassination of James A. before his administration are stupendous ye ception or imagination of beyond the conception or imaginatiol | SAcIA; on Septemberi SU Lisat the three others. | Following the assassination of Presi- | First—Washington fathered this new-{ dent McKinley, the oath was first born nation in its strugsle for existence, | {aken by Theodore Roosevelt at | Buffalo. September 14, 1901. Wood- following war with the mother country., ro tudy SEPLEBer 1L 1900 e vec. Second—Lincoln dominated the policies | ond time on March 5, 1917. in the strugzle to see whether thej S adolescent nation should survive half} <“EVERAL times the oath of office Wave and half free, when the country | was torn by civil, fratricidal strife. Third—McKinley directed the nation’s has been duplicated, the Presi-| dents being sworn in a Second time | before entering upon their duties. [ affairs in the Spanish-American Wwar. | president Hayes first took the oath ! when the opportunity was afforded for | in the red parlor of the White House cementing the entire country in a War|on March 3, 1877, at 7 pm. This was | of defense, when the grandson of|done as a precaution against threaten- Tlysses S. Grant was seen marching!ings over the result of the electoral beside the grandson of Robert E. Lee|commission. He qualified again on £ Monday, March 5, at the Capitol. againat & forelgnntoe, i | Vice President Chester A. Arthur Fourth—Comes Harding when this|took the oath of office at his home, union of states, fathered by Washington, | 123 Lexington avenue, New York city, tested by Lincoln, cemented by MeKin- | 2% 215 msepcamher 20 131 MHe | tey, have come to be not only a world {12 o'clock’ in the Vice President's power in politics, finance and commerce, | room of the United States Senate. but which has dominated the world with | * % % % - its ideals and to which the entire world‘PRESIDENT WASHINGTON took of is looking today for lcadership. fice at the close of a seven-year | Harding, on his fnaugural, must vision | revolution. i . this nation not only as an independent| President Lincoln took office at the government, not only in its domestic | beginning of a four-year civil war. policies, not only united against a foreign | President Hayes took office at the foe, but in its position as exemplar for | close of a threatened political revolu- | the world. | tion. Arthur ] ! Presidents Johnson, and We have fought and won the battles) Rogseveit took office as the result of | of the world for human liberty. Peace|the crimes of assassination. has not yet been deciared. The natlon; Every democratic- President has has just spent. $32,000,000,000 and the|lived to complete the full term for | aftermath will consume about twice as!which he was ehosen. much more. - The cost of maintaiting | Two whig Presidents died in office— i the government has grown to $5,000,000.- | W. H. Harrison and Tayior, - 00 a_year. For the first time this iS| Three republican Presidents were kill- creditor nation, with the countrles of | ed while in office—Lincoln, Garfleld and Europe owing us s0 much they cannot | McKinley. pay even the interest. For the first time * * % % . the United States is a world power in % e Unite ue distinction of a former The Harding administration faces the lent of the United States wit- task of settiing international relations, if | nessing the imauguration of his son was enjoyed by John Adams when John Quincy Adams was sworn in on March possible. 86 as to beget world peace, and also of reising taxation and tariff, 0 as to lift the burden from the people and take the shackles ‘off of business. 4. 1825. This event will never be re- duar‘ung, taking the outn as thePbeated in American hlstory., twenty-ninth President of the United * % % % States at. the thirty-ninth inaugural exercises, goes back to Washington's Bible to give pledge to the American and general TTHE earnest desire of Woodrow | Wilson to co-operate to the fullest | people. 18 personality and Eenera|extent possible with the wishes of Mr. ey cKinley Is hi ype. 4 $oesto the White House from Con- | HATHDg regarding the inaugural is In Erene %s McKiniey dld. and 2o again|distinct contrast to the bitterness of may bring the legisiative and execu- tive bramches of government into closer corbperation for the “common feeling shown by other retiring Presi- dents. Neither President John Adams nor his son, John Quincy Adams, at- good forfne McKinler was the Arst | Presidenf?foil6Wing the civil war in- | tended the inaugurations of their suc- vited intd the southland, where he|cessors. John Adams left Washington was womlerfully received. Harding has been.py personal association get- | €Ity on the evenifig of March 3, 1801 ting the yiewpoint of the south. John Quincy Adams was taking hik cus. 5;;} * { tomary morning ‘ride when 3 Andi 7THE ofti that Harding will take |3 Irew Jnckuod wis btiel sworh 38 48 as dent. prescribed by the President James Buchanan was averse Constitutior® Is as follows: :tl’e:lldlln‘fn!n !hzncanlulhfi‘th ll;:uhient- ; . coln 6n March 4, 1861 Bu- T do @plemmly swear that 1 Will|ohanan was viclent in his opposition 1o faithfully¥exeéute the office of Presi- | republicanism. He did not intend to be Hent of te Uhited States, and. to the Emrue:z at the '““‘““5’:;'.‘» Mr. Sew- best of .udv _aMility, preserve, protect | 3F0. NOWeVer, overcame Y, sllowing Y. e capy of Lincoln's inaugural Bpeech to £nd defefid he Conmuitution of (he |pe geen in advance by Daolel E. Sickles, who was then in Congress and & confi- ook ok 1 % THE in@ugupal ceremonies are held quadrepnially on March 4, be- that there was another President Then he left the Executive Mansion. * % k% Y four times in the entire 145 jdant of Buchanan. When the latter learned that the Lincoln inaugural -d-| Soreed o ugs cause the' refy Wednesday of March. | nia word, 0 the inaugural and hmi 1789, was figed by the old Continental | Presiuent-elect U. S. Grant refused b mine Johnson ‘in March 4, ; proceedings under {he Constitution of | been usual for the yel;:{‘n’x a;td‘: . the UnitedsStates. that being the!coming Presidents to accompany each g 2 _._iclined to accept any honor from the | was adopted by the convention OVer | map who, he said, had given him the which George Washington presided | lie. Accordingly the procession did &n September 17, 1789, and was to be- 3 mained at the White House signing nine of the thirteen original states. Rt thelcxunay Sannaeiced By July. 1788, ten of the states had ratified the Comstitution. and Septem- 1 H eration selected the first Wednesday HIO cuts down Virglnia's lead in January for appointing electors, the first Wednesday in Fepruary for O among the states in the title race as “Mother of Presidents.” nesday in March for commencing pro- cesdingac s dent from Ohio, the others being | Grant. Hayes, Garfleld, Benjamin Harrison, Mc] vir- years since the United States be- Gl e L T M came a separate nation has March 4. | ton. Jefferson, Madison Monroe. W. H. as Inauguration day, falien upon a | Harrison, Tyler, Taylor and Wilson. 3 ! * & % that this date wag originally chosen | as the commencement of the Presi- established the custom for all future inaugurations to be made in public. When the time for Wash- dress was pacific and statesmanlike he Congress uh the day for commencing | 10 Fide with the retiring anem‘ fourth of the month. This Constitution | 0ther to the Capitol, but Grant de- not include Mr. Johnson, who re- § come eftective on the acquiescence of ber 13. 1788, the Congress.of the fed- | L casting their votes.and the first Wed- Harding makes the seventh Pres ginia has furnished eight—Washing- Sunday. There is a story to the effect | . JT e Washington's cabinet that dent’s term because Congress figured it up and found that the 4th of March | was the one day in the year which. quadrennially. wouid fall less fre-|ington's second inaugural came quently on Sunday. jaround he was in doubt as to the * % % % | proper method of taking the oath for THE Cnited States has had dgst one | his second term. He addressed a President for a day” in John | note to his cabinet asking for their Gaillard of South Carolina—in 1821, oPinion as to whether it should be o public or private. The cabl Millard Fillmore has the distinction | that time was divided. Jefreime ams of having been President for two |Hamilton recommended that it should hours, until Zachary Taylor took the) b Private, Knox and Randolph re- reins of office. His biographers erro- | which was done. PECEeRNR Aeously claim that David R. Atchison. * % * x senator from Missouri, was “acting | » MONG our Presidents there have President” on March 4, 1849. Thomas been many types. There were “h;w Ferry, senator from Michigan, | ¢ne old school, aristocratic Virginia in +,Just missed being “President yontiemen, polished and courtly; sol- for a day It was the falling of March 4 on Sunday that occasioned | diers more brave than elegant; thene makeshifts. sC frontiersmen, lawyers, scholars, teach- SChe omciative al:t: ’:: 1!‘ “,‘.""yer» and statesmen. All classes are s country was for twenty-four hours | represented in the remarkable ga without a legally ‘Gualified person to | 8xy. There were hewers of wood. perform the services of President of | mule drivers, tailors and farmers the United States. It is . matter of | sharing our republican throne. Hard- khistory that President-e! ‘Taylor | ing is the first newspaper man to be did not arrive in Washington ti.til} President the morning of March 5, but for@- | % %% nately nothing happened to call for | Harding's inaugural is to be the simplest of many simple ceremonies ,of Grant on March 3, 1877. and he | 204 in vivid contrast to some elab- alhs 3 | orate festivities. During recent years F s Forn dn esninuntil March (¢ S0 dency Nias been (o, Incrensive Senator Ferry's term ended with th: the speedy action of & chief executiv ’ 5. otherwise he might have shared honors with Senator Gaillard. As it | 8iZ¢. splendor and paraphernalia in was, the United States was amain | the inaugural processions. The pomp without a head for twenty-four hours. | 4 ceremony of some inaugural ex- P | ercises has’ well-nigh rivaled in| | magnificence the display attendant| \\'"";E March 4 is the fixed date| upon a foreign coronation. for the inaugural ceremonies, it! EE RS ! has happened that the Presidents| A DAMS and Jefforson were signers have been sworn in on other dates. of the Declaration of Independ- and not alyays in Washington. and | ence. Washington and Madison were 14n Waskington not always at the!signers of the Constitution. @apitol. The first inaugural of Wash-| John Adams and Thomas Jefferson ington was the only one occurring in died on the same day, July 4, 1826. the city of New York—April 30,1789, Monroe died on July 4, five years Washington's second lhaugura! and“i_'“’: Qo e = i John Quincy ams was 2 repre- that ‘of "‘_'h" Adams l°°.k place in sentative and Andrew Johnson a sen- Philadelphia: that of Adams on March |ator in Congress after the expiration both in Independencé Hall, the | Of their presidential terma. Both died = 2 while holding these offices. Friladeiphin, The ret maneursl in | ciitsers® &, representaiive in the the new fedéral city on the banks of | ooq ared 1o omesr " from Virginia and died in office. “he Potomac was that of Thomas Tederson. Marcl 4. 3i0 Monroe abandoned the profession of e . {law when a you . - ¢ William Henry Harrigon of Ohio, | erward, and ur‘x‘(l;lme.lnecl.l.:: ":.'wi','s the oldest President this eountry ever | holding public office. o had —sixty-eight years—lived but one | Jackson called himself a South month and was succecded on April 6. |Carolinian, and his biographer, Ken- ;u‘ r| = ln:m Tyler of Virginia. |dall, records his birthplace in Lan- 3 Tarlor was sworn in onlcaster county, . But, Parton hu March 5, 1849, and Millard Filmore published documentary eyidence to - 7 Marks Beginning of Fourth Big Epoch in Histor | l ESPONSIBILITIES That Lie Beforg Administration Are Stupendous, Looming Larger Than Those Faced in Other Three Epochs of Developmeflt—When Washington Fathered the New-Born Nation—Lincoln's Great Struggle—Country Cemented During McKinley Administration—A Claim.of Leadership of the World l Today—Facts About Other Inaugural Ceremonies, Balls and Festivities. =\ " _———— S R S S SONNONSNSSSSES . SR —— A s = ——— Ty SSNS A S8 SNmANwmw —_——— _ | never repeated. STEPHEN A. DOUGLASS SHOWED HIS GENEROUS SPIRIT BY HOLDING LINCOLN’S HAT WHILE HE WAS DELIVERING HIS INAUGURAL ADDRESS. show that Jackson was born in Union county, N. C., less than a quarter of a mile from the South Carolina line. * % B * HERE were remarkable coinci- dences in the lives of Abraham | Lincoln and Jefferson Davi Both were born in Kentucky—Davis in| 1808 and Lincoln in 1802. Both re-| moved from their native state in | childhood—Lincoin to the northwest, | Davis to the southwest. 1 Lincoln was captain of volunteers and Davis second lieutenant of regu- lars in the Black Hawk war of 1832. They began their political careers the | same year—1844—Lincoln being_ a presidential elector for Clay and Da- vis for Polk. They were elected to| Congress about the same time—1845 | and 18346. They were called to pre- | side over their respective govern- | ments the same year and within a | few days—Davis, February 8, 1861, ! | | and Lincoln, March 4 1861. * % % * V\7ILLIAM HENRY HARRISON was | the oldest man elected to the | presidency and Theodore Roosevelt the youngest. Grant was the next youngest. Cleveland was the only President married in the White House, and his second daughter the only President’s child born therein. Monroe's daughter (Mrs. Gouver- neur). Tylers daughter (Mrs. Wal- ler), Grant's daughter (Mrs. Sartoris), Roosevelt's daughter (Mrs. Long- worth) and Wilson's daughters, Jes- sie (Mrs. Sayre) and Eleanor (Mrs. ! McAdoo). were the only children of ! Presidents married therein. | Wives of Tyler. Benjamin Harrison | and Woodrow Wilson died in the | White House. i * ¥ ¥ ¥ . VV/ILLIAM HENRY HARRISON was the father of the largest family : —six sons and four daughters. ! The sixth President was the son of : the second President. The twenty- | second President was the grandson | of the ninth President. | William Henry Harrison was the eighth and Benjamin Harrison the | tenth in descent from Pocahontasand ! John Rolfe. RO % x Lincoln was the first wearing @ full beard and Grant the first to wear a mustache. Lincoln de-. livered his Inaugural address with a handkerchief around his neck. Stephen A. Douglas, Lincoln’s rivaly{ in love as well as in politics, showed his generous spirit by holding Lin-{ coln’'s hat while he was delivering the inaugural address. Fuychanan and Cleveland were bachelors when they entered the White House as Presidents, but { Hayes Quincy Adams, President | Cleveland took unto himself a wife during his first term. Garfield’s first act after taking the | oath was to turn and kiss his mother. Lincoln, after taking the oath, Kissed thirty-six young irls repre- senting the then thirty-six states in the Union. * % % % JFRIDAY and the numerals have been conspicuous in the lives of the has found Presidents. President Wilson 13 to be his lucky num- ber and the people of the United States are familiar with the fre- uent recurrence of this customary Loodoo” in association with his name. Washington, Monroe, were born on Kriday. Pierce and Garfield were inaugurated on Friday, as Wa ren G. Harding will also be. Tyle Pierce and | John | Polk and Pierce died on Friday. L coln was assassinated on Good I day. i- * k k% THE salaty of the President of the United States caused discussion in the First Congress in view of the fact that the Constitution declared | that the President should receive compensation for his services. Wash- ington had notified his fellow citi-| zens that he desired no salary. The limit suggested in Congress ranged from $15.000 to $70,000. was finally placed at $25.000, and so remained until President second term (March 3. 1873) when it was increased to $50,000. Congress, on March 4, 1907, began the custom of appropriating $25,000 a_year for traveling expenses of the President. | In the second sessien of the sixtieth SN N THE UNIQUE DISTINCTION OF A FORMER PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES WITNES! i THE INAU URATION OF HIS SON WAS ENJOYED BY JOHN ADAMS. LY The salary | Grant's | | the ! chapter of the Book of James, which 's salary was | Congress the Preside: ,000-2 vear. { again increased to | * ok % ¥ 5 ‘THE Presidents have been fighting | * men. Washington, Monroe ana |Jackson were soldiers in the revo- lutionary war; Jackson, William Henry Harrison, Tyler, Taylor and B chanan were in the war of 1812-1 {Lincoln in the Black Hawk war: “Ta: war; Grant. Hayes, Garfield, Arthui | B. Harrison and McKinley in the civ war; McKinley was executive during | the ' Spanish-American war, and Roosevelt was a commanding figure {in the war. kK Ok ¥ | THE address of the President is simply “The President of the United States” There was debate over the title in the First Congress. | Some members proposed that he be addressed as “His Excellency,” and others argued for “His Highness,” but ia committee reported that “it is not | proper to annex any style or title other than that expressed in the Con- stitution.” The term of the President was fixed at four years in the constitutional | convention. The first report fixed the term of office at seven years without eligibility to re-election. In debate various periods from “during good behavior” to twenty years were fa- vored. The limit of four vears was finally adopted in grand committee and ratified by the convention. The new President seals or con- firms his oath by Kissing 2 Bible. Mr. | | by kissing the same Bible used by George Washington and has already selected ‘the passage his lips shail touch. The Bible will be held for him by James D. Maher, clerk of the Su- preme Court, who also held the book at the second inaugural of President Wilson four years ago. For more than fifty vears previously this duty had been performed by the late James H. McKenny. In the past the verses that have been touched by the Presidents' lips in some instances have been signifi- cant. and generally have been.due to chance. President Roosevelt kissed 22d and 23d verses of the first | counsels him to be a “doer” and not merely a “hearer.” President Taft Kissed verses from the first Book of Kings, ing for an understanding heart and the ability to judge be- tween good and bad, whith seemed to At well ‘with his judiclal tempera- ment. When President Garfleld, who was_destined to fall before an as- sassin's hand, kissed the Bible his lips touched Proverbs, 2lst chapter. ist verse, Which reads: “The king' lor, Pierce and Grant in the Mexican | Harding has chosen to seal his oath | heart is in the hands of the Lord the rivers of water. He turneth it whithersoever he will” Clevelund's lips touched Psalm 111, verses 5-10 Four years ago, in the midst the world war, President Wilson pressed his lips to the passage: “The lLord is our refuge: a very present help in time of trouble.” The kissing of the Bible follow very ancient custom. The Exvptians were required to kiss the rolls on which the commands of Joseph were written. = % % THE Bible used by W which is to be used by Harding, ngton, and was retained by the Washingt family and is now in the co! on of St. John's Lodge. No. 1, of New York. The Bible used by John Adams pas: ed to the owner of a ship and disap- peared. The Bible by John Quincy Adams disappeared while he was President. The Bible used by Martin Van Buren is a highly prized possession of the royal family of England. The Bible used by President Bu- chanan is now the property of Penn- sylvania Historical Society. The Bible which Abraham Lincoln kissed is the property of a jeweler and clockmaker in New York city. The Bible used to hurriedly swear in President Johnson was in the prop- | erty of his daughter at Greenville. Tenn.. at last accounts. The Bible which Gen. Grant pressed to his lips is the property of a mem- ber of the family in Batavia, Ohio, the gift of Grant himself. The Bible used by Hayes never left the family. It had belonged to Mrs. Hayes before her marriage. The Bible used by James A. Garfield was a small, well worn volume which he carried to the Capitol in his pocket. 11t had been given to him by his mother. The Bible on which Chester A. Ar- thur sealed his pledge was the prop- erty of the then chief justice of the state of New York, and is cherished as an heirloom by the judge's family. hen Grover Cleveland was in- augurated the first time, like Garfleld. he kissed a Bible presented to him by his mother. It is now the property of his sister, in Toledo, Ohia. The Bible which he kissed at his second inaugural was given to him by his wife, who kept it as a sacred souve- nir. The Bible used by Benjamin Harri- used daughtsr. Mrs. James.R. McKee, In- dependence, Ohio. = The RBible used by N loy wae the country, and was retained by Mrs McKinle: i 3 2 | DRESENT-DAY inaugurals lack the < interest taken in the first in- augural of Washington. The journey to New York, made in company of David Humphreys and John Lang- don, was a contiftuous triumphal prog- ress. Every town along the way erect- ed gay arches, its citizens delivered addresses of welcome and arranged | patriotic displays. The trip from | Elizabethport to the landing in New York was mace in a barge manned | by thirteen men In white uniforms, representing the thirteen states in the Union. At the landing crimson carpet covered the steps. ing of April 30 the artillery awoke | the town with salutes in horor of the ! day. | ple. Washington gave an address | which furnished the precedent for succeeding tnaugural addresses. But | one feature of that ceremony was A crier proclaimed through the streets. “Long live George | Washington, President of the United State: That night there was a magnificent ball, @nd_the President danced the minuet with Mrs. Van Zandt, and the ocotillon ~ with Mrs. Livingston and other New York belles. Far more elegant preparations were made for the second\ inaugural of Washington.. He rode to Independ- ence Hall. Philadelphia. in a_mag nificent coach drawn by six “milk- white steeds” Two men with white wands preceded his coach. Again there was a splendid ball and Wash- ington joined the dancers. The first inaugural ceremony in the District of Columbia. the new Fed- j eral city, was on March 4, 1801. The i building” of the Capitol was in progress and only the Senate wing was occupied. The “Sage of Monti- cello” rode alone from his beautiful home, arriving on the morning of the 4th. The condition of Pennsyl- vania avenue prevented any exten- sive ceremonies. Jefferson then re- | sided at Conrad and McMunn's, New | Jersey avenue and C street southeast. Accompanied by a small party of political friends. he walked 'to the Capitol from his boarding house. and in the room now occupied by the Supreme Court received the oath from Chief Justice Marshall. Aaron Burr_had been sworn in &be(ore Jefferson's arrival. The new President immediately mounted his horse and rode up the Avenue to the White House, where a reception was held in the evening. So much has been written about Jefferson simplicity on that occasion that ome hesitates to give another version of how it really happened. It is said that Jefferson walked from his boarding house to the Capitol and rode horseback to the White House only because his son-in-law failed to arrive with a coach and i four horses which he had been sent | into Virginia to purchase for $1,600. Storms and bad roads had delayed him. So also had been delayed the arrival of a handsome suit of clothes ordered by Jefferson for the great occasion. At the time of Monroe's inaugura- tion, in 1817, Washington was a vil- lage of 8,000 inhabitants, living mostly in huts scattered over an ex- tensive area. The so-called “Federal city” was a joke. and was more fre- quently called “The Mudhole” and “Washington’s City in the Rotomac.” * % ok % VW/HILE the ceremony next Friday. although of Lincolnian simplic- ity, will be at one of the most beau- tiful buildings in the world, the Mon- roe ceremoniés, 104 years ago, which established the Yprecedent for out- of-door inaugurals, took place from rented quarters. Thisx was due to the | destruction of sthe Capitol by the British invaders. Fearing that ferred to some other place, the ci zens of Washington erected in less than four months a building at 1st and A streets northeast, and placed it at the disposal of Congre: It was accepted at a rental of $1.650 per annum and used by Congress until the Capitol building was reconstruct- ed. After the removal of Congress that old building was converted into a hotel, where John C. Calhoun died in 1850. During the civil war it was used as a prison, Where Capt. Wirz commander of Andersonville prison. was confined and executed. ratt, accused as an accomplice assasgination of 1 gon was given to him on his wedding day by his bride. It has since heen the treasured belonging of their| presented by the colored bishops of | The morn- | The ceremonies were very sim- | the | seat of government might be trans- | y of Our Country al Was confine n this building while awaiting trial = x = JPRESIDENT Monroe, after the inau- gural, entered his carriage and rode to the Exceutive Mansion, which was then the house at 18t street d New York . _known as “The Octa The White House % been burned by the Brit not yrt been rebuilt Because Speaker Henry (lay re- | fused 1o allow the senators to take [ their big red morocen chatrs with {them t> the old Representatives Hall is sala to be the real reason why Monroe inaugu d the e 3 outdoor inaugural The had decided to carry their digni | with them fo the House chamber and to replace the old wooden chairs with it r new red morocco leather chairs | * % % | PARTY feeling ran nigh 1820, i when Andrew Jackson was inaug- | urated. Before he went to the Capitol he was received by a few soldiers of the revolution and a large number of those who fought in the war of 1812, The conduct of the erowd that accompanied him to the White House | was the scandal-of the country. They {overran the Executive Mansion. Fur- niture, carpets. draperies and china were damaged to the extent of thou- sands of dollars. The crowd surged in [about the newly installed President with such persistence that some of i his friends had to form barriers of { their bodies to keep him from being | crushed | Refreshments for this levee Were provided for 20,000, The punch and | champagne were carried out in tubs {and buck In the rush and scram- ble for these the throng became a | fighting_mob, women fainting and men with bleeding fists and noses were much in evidence. * ¥ % % inaugural parade. which has H been a big feature of every in- {auguration for many years until t boved by HardIng. originated with the ! second induetion of Andrew Jackson Prior to 1833 no attempt was made to make the. paradi a feature. As a matter of fact. in the cariier days Pennsylvania avenue, the Ereat Ap- HE pian way of the capital, was little better than a boz. Jackson's inaugural was the first time a “great” crowd came to Wash- ington to witness the presidential fete. It was the first time that a large number of marchers were in | the parade from the Capitol following i the formal exercises. The first political club to come to the capital to participate in an in- augural parade is said to have been the Empire Club of New York. which was preseatiwhen Polk was inaugu- {rated. This ciub brought along a big brass cannon and set it off repeatedly {along the line of march. It was | quring that same parade that the faculty _Btudents of Georgetown University, fgr the first time turned out in a M A featdre %of the parade at the inauguratjon of Martif~ Van Burem. March 4, 1837. was a fioat. on which there was{a printingpress in oper: tion. Programs of the parade wei printed e route and distributed as they came from the press. James K. Polk, in 1845, delivered his addression the east front of the Capitol, while a gathering of more than 20,000 persons stood in the rain. The “rough and ready” campaign brought Zachary Taylor, who had risen to fame during the Mexican war to the front. He was inaugu- rated in 1849, attended by one of the most picturesque parades on record There were many junior military | companies and scores of civie or- anizations in line. The inaugural of (¢ written into history | event. i > % % l‘BX‘.k‘AL'SI»; of the introduction of { D jageantry in the form of floats of James Buchanan was noteworthy. He was the first bachelor Rresident. A special stru ture for the inaugural ball was erec: ed in Judiciary Square. Buchanan attended attired in the famous “Lan- caster suit” lined with black satin and stitched to represent the thirty- one states with “Keystone” in the center. The feature of the supper was a cake four feet high, surmount- ed by a flag and bearing the arms of every state and territory. * x % x BRAHAM LINCOLN, after being spirited into the city in disguise as a salior and under cover of dark- ness, was driven to the Capitol sur- rounded by a squad of cavalry. All along Pennsylvania avenue small troops of United States cavalry were on duty. Riflemen were stationed on the roofs of buildings along the route of the parade with instructions to shoot down any one who should point a weapon at the presidential party. North of the Capitol a light battery of artillery was placed, with Gen. Scott keeping an eye upon the proceedings. The fear-of the traged: of later years was already heav upon the minds of the people. There were four men Who witnessed the installation into office off Lincoln who stepped into the presidency in later years—Hayes, Garfield, Harri- son and Arthur. There were &iso four future Vice Presidents—Colfax, Wii- son, Morton and Reed. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, who had administer. ed the oath to six other Presidents. Franklin Pierce as a zala the inaugural performed this service for the lust time, as he was than eighty-four years old. Representative Joseph G. Cannen of 1linois is the only man living who was a candidate on the ticket with Lincoln. Representative Isaac R. Eherwood of Ohio is the only man in public life today who witnessed the second inaugural of Lincoln and heard his memorable address. Sherwood was then in soiled uniform, fresh from a hard-fought battle. * ok ok % S. GRANXNT, christened LTssEs . “Stephen Ulysses.” soldier and idolized victorious general, ‘was inau- gurated March 4, 1869. During his second inaugural he sat in the chair used at the first installation of Gen. Washington. At both of Grant's in- augural balls there was trouble. The first was in the Treasury building and many had to walk home ib the slush without wraps. because they could not find their hats and coats, mnor their carrizges. At the second they danced in their coats and with teeth chattering a temporery, frame building in City Hall square. * % ok & HE House for the!first’time was allowed .to join With the Senate lin arrangements for ‘the’second in- auguration of William McKinley, be- cause *“Uncle Joe” Cannon, who was chairman of the approprigtions com- mittee, stood up and’ said ‘that un- less the House was recognized there would be no appropriation_io cover expenses. That was the first time “Tnele Joe” ever wore a silk hat. as he and, Senator, Hanua ,rode, Wita Precident McKinley.