Evening Star Newspaper, June 11, 1898, Page 17

‘THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, JUNE 11, 1899@244PAQ™S. RECONSTRUCTED LIBRARY. VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY | Impressive Ceremonies Planned for Next Week. NEW BUILDINGS 10 BE INAUGURATED Accomplishment Since the Disas- trous Fire in ’95. DIFFICULTIES OVERCOME ‘The inaugural ceremonies of the restored buildings of the University of Virginia, which, as heretofore stated in The Star, take the place of those devastated by fire nearly three years ago, will begin, as has also been mentioned, Sunday next and con- tinue until We jay, inclusive. From information received by those hav- ing the matter in charge, there is every reason to believe that the event will be the greatest in the history of the univer- sity, and the faculty are very hopeful that | President McK will be able to spare | the time from his very pressing duties to | attend formal opening Tuesday, 14th instant. ‘his he has promised to do, pro- vided he is not prevented by the demands of public business. It is also hoped that ex-Preside veland, both of whom hz , will be present. The pro: y arranged is that the baccala rmon will be preached before the Young Sunday. Mon- ial meeting of the before the literary bration of the liter- there will be the ored university | alumni and and an addr 1 at the University. { re w at the university 489 stu- of whem the District of Columbia is by 10: Virginia, 29; Kentucky, South Carolina, $; North Carolina, iga, ¢ isiana, 6; New York, 6; Indiana, 5; We ia, 5; Illinois, New Jersey and nia, 4 each; Delaware and Ohio, ch; Connecticut, Montana, Rhode Island and Vermont, 2 each, and there is student from each of the following: a, Arkansas, Kansas, Massachusetts, braska, New Hampshire, Utah, Washington, China, England and’ Porto Rice ere are in the academic depart- Ment 225 students: in the engineering, 14; in_the law, 124, and in the medical, 14 There will be as graduate in the depart- Ment of medicine Howard H. Baily from Washingten, D. C., and in every depart- e university there will be a good of graduate that the number to e degrees will be very large. Work of Rebuilding. The work of repairing the damage done to the rotunda of the university by the Breat fire in the autumn of 1895 and of erecting new buildings to accommodate the scademic department, as well as the de- partments of law and engineering, has been successfully completed. Thus, through the Kenerosity of the legislature, as well as that of its alumni and friends all over the @ountry, the university is in far better con- and this inscription is interpreted by alle- gorical figures in the tympanum above it. The central figure is Truth, with a globe in one hand and a mirror in the other, sym- bolizing universality and accuracy; to the left is Liberty, with her torch, and to the right Victory, with her laurel wreath. Some Other Buildings. On the eastern side of the central build- ing stands the Rouss physical laboratory. This building contains a large amphitheat- Tical lecture room. an apparatus room and a general laboratory, together with a num- ber of smaller private laboratories for ad- vanced students, room for optical work, @ tower for experimental purposes and a shop in the basement; forming on the whole one of the best arrang2d and equipped lab- oratories of its kind in the country. On the western side of the central build- ing is located the mechanical laboratory, which is also adequately equipped. The first floor contains a large lecture room, an electrical engineering laboratory, a drawing room, rooms for blue printing, &c.; while in the basement are rooms filled with the most approved machinery for woad and ironwork, &c. The boilers, forges and foundries are in an annex behind the cen- tral building, from which steam for power and heating is conducted to the mechanical and physical laboratories. Both the cen- tral building and the rotunda are also heat- ed_by steam from this-source. The three buildings at the foot of the lawn are architecturally in harmony, both in form and in detail, with the other edi- fices on the lawn, and they complete, at its seuthern end, a quadrangle which is worthy of the majestic and time-honored retunda. All who knew the university as it was will, it is believed, agree that its beauty and usefutness have been greatly enhanced by the changes which have been made. Great as was the calamity which befell the university, the visitors and fac- ulty feel that the outcome has been a still greater benefit. The Disastrous Fire. Sunday, October 27, 1895, will always be a memorable day in the wu rals, for it was on that day that so many of the buildings were destroyed by fire. While the ruins were yet smoking the faculty the next day held a meeting and appointed a committee composed of Profs. James A. Harrison, William E. Peters and R. Heath Dabney, a committee to make n address to the students on the subject of the loss sustained by the university, and which was in part as foliows: “The ter- rible calamity of Sunday, October 27, has left the main butlding of our revered and beloved alma mater in ruins. ‘The historic monuments of three quarters of a century have been obliterated by the fury of the flames in @ few hours, and nothing is left of our great rotunda, our public hall, our old chapel and our academic hall and lec- ture rooms, hallowed by so many recollec- tions precious to us all, except blackened In this unspeakable calamity all that remains to us except brave hearts and unbroken spirits is the memory of the gallant, heroic conduct of the entire student body, without which nothing could have been saved from the brary and scientific halls in and adjacent to the ro- tunda. “We are perfectly sure that every man, every student, will continue to do his whole euly in the same splendid spirit of devotion to alma mater, that all will nobly stand by us in our misfortune, that all will work gladly and gallantly together without mur- mur and without complaint, and soon we shall behold our great mother rising before us statelier, stronger than ever, the glory of Virginia, the glcry of the entire south.” Three days later the faculty recommend- ed to the board of visitors the reconstruc- tion of the burned structures at an es- timated cost of $346,000. As an offset to this there was due from insurance com- panies $58,000, leaving $288,000 to be se- cured elsewhere. The various alumni associations of the University of Virginia throughout the United States and the legislature of Vir- ginia were appealed to. One of the largest and most enthusiastic alumni meetings was held in Washington, D.C., during the month following the fire. One of the speakers on that occasion was Mr. Gardiner G. Hub- with the original . as far as its out- rned. The interior, with e two class rooms in h are to be used as a nd a law lecture room, en devoted exclusively e library, forming a nob! ie of Corinthian col- double galleries, cor- The fire- elieved ure of the university 1 be in peril. At the bas nda are four terraced wings ( si by Mr. Jefferson, but two of which supply r two are occupied of law and the Young Men's nm As ation. x has not been rebuilt. Where ad and handsome terrace, it stood lies a bi at the foot of the staircase which leads jown from the north portico of the rotun- ; and in its stead three new buildings have been erected at the foot of the lawn. hief and central one of these build- which directly faces the rotunda, con- in its middle portion on its first floor amphitheatrical public hall, capable of Rating some 1,500 people; on’ the second floor the lecture rooms and offices of the biological laboraiory; while in its wings, with their numerous and capacious leeture rooms, are domiciled most of the other ecademic schools. Above the portico of this building, which is supported by Ionic columns, is written in Greek as a motto of the university: “You shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free,” bard, now deceased, who, in the course of a very able address, in part said: “As a descendant of the Puritans of the | old bay state, I was asked to speak on this occasion, and though I knew but little of the university, I did not feel at liberty to decline your invitation. It was in study- ing its history to prepare myself for this eceasion that I for the first time reatized the obligation of cur whole country to the University of Virginia, as founded by Thomas Jefferson. “As a representative of New England, tt is a pleasure and an Eenor to acknowledge our obligation in days long past to William and Mary College and in more recent years to the University of Virginia, its historical Successor, and at the same time to express ™mpathy in the misfortune which to her. ‘a our country was in its early story more indebted than to any other state, and not the least among these obli- gations is the leading part she took in the ppment of our educational system. “The earlicst institutions of learning in this country were Harvard and William d Mary. These colleges were founded long prior to the establishment of our Bys- tem of common schools, for education in its early stages has always proceeded from the hi; © to the lower. William and Mary graduated Jeffersom Madison, Monroe, Marshall, Wirt and a hest of othcrs in earlier days, while in our day the Universi- ty of Virginia has graduated many now living in our midst—our authors, scientists and professional men of highest renown.” He then spoke of Jefferson's interest and work in the establishment of the univorsity — of the honorable history of the insti- ution. A member of the faculty of the universi- ty, in speaking of the fire, said: “The task which Confronted us was in some perticu- lars attended with graver diMiculties than Jefferson himself had to face. The school, arrested in the full current of its activity, must be continued without loss of time or serious impairment of efficiency. Buildings Projected on a larger scale than had been before attempted at this university miust be located, designed and erected, funds for their construction must be secured with great promptness and the equipment of the brary and of the other departments de- vastated by the fire must be renewed and, as far as possible, modernized and enlarged. “Earnest efforts were first directed to secure the funds necessary for the work. From insurance and other sources about $50,000 was at once available.. The alumni and friends of the university responded with alacrity and liberality to the appeal of the faculty issued soon after the iire, and subscriptions approximating $75,000 Were soon registered. A strong presenta- tion of the needs of the university was also made by the visitors to the state legisia- ture, and a bill was passed on January 23, 1896, authorizing an issue of bonds up to the amount of $200,000 and providing by an increase in the annuity for the intercst and a sinking fund to extinguish the debt. “The universal sentiment which existed in favor of the restoration of the rotunda, with its original proportions unchanged, was shared fully by both the building com- mittee, of which Dr. W. C. N. Randolph was chairman, and the architects. They felt also that the new buildings should harmonize in style, material and tone with the original group of Jefferson, and that they should be so located as to ccnstitute an integral part of his beautiful architec- tural composition; and lastly they were convinced that the problem before them must be treated not with sole reference to the demands of the present hour, but with due consideration also for the future growth of the school. “Impelled by these motives they de- termined to group the new buildings about a terrace constructed at the foof of the lawn, to adhere strictly to classfcal pro- portions, to employ for the construction the materials used in the old quadrangle, and to reproduce as nearly as practicable the size, color and texture of the very bricks therein employed. “The general plan as carried out provides sites for six additional buildings, besides those to be inaugurated, so arranged as to heighten the effect of the origina! Jeffer sonian group, and thus admits of such ex- tension as will meet the needs of the school for a long series of years.” Jefferson’s Library. Many persons suppose that the nucleus of the library of the University of Virginia was the gift of Mr. Jefferson, and the libra- rian is often asked to point out h‘s books. There are only four volumes presented to the library by him during his lifetime. By his last will he bequeathed to the universi- ty his library, or at least what remained of it after the sale to the Congress of the United States of the principal portion, but this bequest was never realized. ‘Tradition says that Mr. Jefferson's library was sold in New York, but there is no recorded knowledge of this having taken place. The library of the university contains a manu- script volume without date, but evidently prepared by him between the years 1820 and 1825, which he styled “A catalogue of books forming the body of a library for the University of Virginia,’ prefaced by an explanation of the views on which it is based, and by his classification into forty- two chapters, embracing 6,860 volumes, es- timated to cost $24,076.50. —_+ A Bald-Headed Reply. From Londen Judy. A naval officer, very well and favoraliy known in London, has for some unknown reason been advanced in his profession very slow] though he has grown gray in the service, and, indeed, lamentably bald. Re- cently one of his juniors was bold enough to question him as to his remarkable ab- sence of hair. “How comes it that you are so very bald?” The officer replied promptly, much vindictiveness: “You man, you would be bald, I think, ff you had had men stepping over your head for years in the way I have.” A Friendly Dispute; "Longshoreman Wh Well ‘Posted. From Fiiegende Blatter. and with Or, The Was Not STORY OF THE FLAG We Have Good Boagon for Revering the Starsand Stripes. STANDS FOR ALL THAT IS NOBLEST Flowing in the Breeze Today From Sea to Sea. EMBLEM OF THE FREE Se Written for The Evening Star. N THE CENTURY and nearly a quarter since the American flag was born the love for it has growa and __ strengthened and the desire for its display has -become almost a passion. But never in all the years—many of them troubled by border Struggles, four of of them bloodwashed by civil strife—since the American Congress June 14, 1777, in all the pride of its new-born strength, ‘“‘Resolv- ed, That the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation,” has the “flag of the stripes and stars” appealed to all that is truest and best in the hearts of a liberty-loving people more than it has during the last six months. From horizon to horizon “The red of sunset’s dye, The whiteness of the moonlit cloud, The blue of morning's sky,” have tossed upon the summer winds from church tower and cottage home, from mansion and shop, from giant liberty poles and modest school house roofs, till the very air of heaven*seems surcharg- ed with the sentiment of absolute and in- divisible union— “The union of lakes, the union of lan ‘The union of states none can sever; The union of hecrts, the unlon of hands—” and with a sublimity of patriotism the fourth line has been echoed in every Amer- ican heart north and south, “The flag of our Union, forever!’? Victor Hugo once said, “There are two things holy—the flag, which represents mil- itary honor, and the law, which represents the national right.” In all this display of flags and bunting tt is probably true that it represents to thousands only the self- ish sentiment “my flag,” which means to them in the abstract that the American flag, being “our” flag, is mighty and must prevail. Narrow though the sentiment may be, it 1s yet a grand stride toward national education. Mankind loves symbols and em- blems. They are of infinite use to human- ity and absolutely essential to man’s spir- itual and moral elevation. They speak a higher, finer language than tongue can frame. After speech has done its best, af- ter words have exhausted themselves, then symbols and emblems come in, the con- crete sign of all that words have struggled to express, of more than speech can con- vey. They represent a range of emotions and aspirations far tran: cending utterance, flights of the soul that tongue must ever lag far behind. Means All That is Best. To the citizen ‘the flag means not only all that is good and great in his country and her history and all that the men whom he honors have done for her advancement, but all that his brain conceives and his heart wishes for the betterment of his land, hi3 fellow citizens, humanity and himself. He may be weak, sordid and sel- fish, but it is impossible that he should be without some pride in his country, some hopes of the future, some aspirations for higher things. The Chinese call Old Glory “The Flower Flag,” and America—Kow-kee-koh,” the flowery flag country. ‘he American peple are pleased to accept this pretty sentiment, for of all the flags in the world they believe that beautiful Old Glory soars above them all. In this epidemic of patriotism, many really funny things happen because very few know that there is a “flag code” or that there is a certain way to wear a flag, and that the tiny bit of silk and tinsel can be made to express some very odd senti- ments, just by a change of its proper posi- ion, The flag in set design always flows from left to right, as you face it. The tiny silk flags that are so common should be cut from the plece, so that the blue field will be toward the right shoulder, and the stripes sweeping to the left. “Any other Way makes the flag look awkward. It should be worn upon the left breast, just over the heart, and above all other badges’ and emblems, should others be worn. To put any other emblem above it would be to suggest that the flag is a secondary matter. Not infrequently both men and Women are seen wearing the flag with the blue field down! That is a ludicrous “break,” because that is the distress sign. At sea, a thip in distress turns the blue field of her flag down and the instant this condition of affairs is noted through the glasses of a passing steamer it is under- stood that the ship is signaling for aid. A great many women have a fashion of har- pconing the flag to their shoulder with fancy pins, leaving them sticking an inch or more above the flag. That is at “half mast” and is a sign of mourning. Vessels at sea when bringing dead into port an- nounce it by half masting the flag. The same thing is done when men of note die, and all government flags are half masted when a member of Congress dies, or any high official of the government. The Flag as an Ornament. The flag, be it a metal pin, or a silk rib- bon, should be adjusted squarely with the shoulders, and the blue line of the field should always be straight up and down. Any other way is slovenly and disrespect- ful. The “American” flag has thirteen stripes and a star for every state. If the flag is very small, the stars drop to thir- teen, the original number. Love for the flag should scarcely lead one to don shirt waists on which they are printed. Half the flags, to avoid the “up and down” which co torments the economi- cal woman, are at distress, or the blue fields down. A “perfectly sweet” necktie has been put on the market, in which the dainty flags are every blessed one of them at distress! The woman who wears a belt made of flags should be looked upon with suspicion, and to make a sofa pillow of a flag would be equivalent to making a foot Tug of it. As an’ ornament, a flag is prop- erly placed, as aréartitle of clothing or up- holstering, it is degraded. In modern warfare flags play a prominent part. They are symbgls of rank and com- mand, the officers, usigg them being desig- nated as flag officers, Flags so used are Square to distinguish them from other banners. They are of different devices. Admirals, rear admirgls, commodores and cther naval officers haye flags of their own, Prescribed by army and navy regulations, which float at the masthead when those officers are aboard ship, and are taken dcwn when they leave, just as the flag floats above the White House when the President is there, ard is furled when he is absent. If thé!President goes out upon the sea, a specially designed flag is dis- played over the vessel in which he sails. -Much has beentheard of the Spanish de- termination to sik her ships before she will “strike her'colors” to the American sailors. To “strike the flag” is simply a term which means to lower the national colors in token of submission to a co: queror. It has in all times and all ages been considered a fearful degradation to “strike the colors” to a foe, and many heroic incidents have grown out of the de- termination to keep the colors flying at the masthead while the ship remained above water. One of the most striking in the his- tory of the American flag is that which comes down to us in official documents om the fight between the Bon Homme ic} and the Serapis, September 22, Capt. Paul Jones had the honor of having Cc oo mtiden the Mag act ae Ly congress rat le * "8 m by some church women of Philadelphia, Bie B's prety Se aot ths SO ou Renare "be cated ah him the precious flag. and during that mem- orable sew fight this flag was shot from its staff and fell dragging into the sea. A young ensign, Stafford by name, sprang into the water and rescued the flag, which he sent to the top of a mast again. but its brave young defender was cut down by am officer of the Serapis. When the Bon Homme Richard was sinking, a sailor seiz- ed the flag and carried it aboard the cap- tured Serapis, where Capt. Jones again took possession of it. The flag is in Phila- delphia today, in the pcssession of the de- | scendants of young Stafford, and is in a/ fair state of preservation. is price! because it is the very first a Glory. A Memoritable Incident. Examples of this inlispositten to the flag could be multiplied. Longfellow | has immortalized one incident of the civil war, in which Rear Admiral Thomas O. Selfridge was an actor, as second Heutenant in command of the gun deck battery of the Cumberland, when she was sunk by the rebel iron-clad Merrimac. In graphic language Longfellow describes how the iron-clad, silent and sullea, a floating fort, came down upon the Cumberland in Hamp- ton Roads, when close enough its broad- sides rending the “ribs of oak,” while the Cumberland’s guns were powerless against the “iron scales” of the monster. “Strike your flag,” the rebel cries, In bis ‘arrogant old plantatiomr strain; “Never!"" our gallant Mi replies; “It ig better to sink than to yield!” And the whole air pealed With the cheers of our men, ‘Then like a Kraken huge and black, She crushed our ribs tn her iron grasp! Down went the Cumberland all a wrack, With a sudden shudder of death, And the cannon’s breath For her dying gasp. Next morn, as the sun rose over the bay, Still floated our flag at the mainmast Lord, how beautiful was Thy day! Every waft of the air = Was a whisper of prayer, Or a dirge for the dead. Almost like a prophecy out of the bitter past now seems the last verse of “The Cumberland.’ Ho! brave hearts thet went down in the seas, Ye are at peace in the troubled stream, Ho! brave land! with hearts like these, ‘Thy flag that is rent in twain Shall be one again, And without a scam. The raval flag salute is made by lower- ing the flag slightly when it flies at the masthead and raising {t to place again quickly. It is also called “dipping the col- ors.” When marching troops wish to do honor with the flag it is dipped with a side- ways motion and brought to upright with a@ quick movement, which throws its folds out in graceful convolutions. To be the color bearer has been at all times con- sidered a great honor, and in times past a post of danger, for “where the colors go, we follow,” was the fierce battle cry in many a desperate struggle, and follow the colors led most often into the death, into the mouth of hell.” The “c guard” supports the color bearer. The color bearer is proud indeed who can say that his flag never touchcd the ground throughout a fight, and so jealous are they of their precious colors that to protect the folds of Old Glory from contact with the earth when a vicious shot has cut the staff color bearers have often endangered their lives unnecessarily. Jackson and the Flag. Stonewall Jackson, though he was fight- ing under another banner, resented fiercely the action of one of his officers who trailed a captured stars and stripes in the dust, afd was assailed by one of his own men. ‘The officer appealed to n. Jac! said in reply: ‘The soldier who resented your insult to the stars and stripes was born under its folds, and his father before him. He still retains a respect and affe tion for it, and an officer of the confederate army who has. no higher appreciation of entiment of our people than you ap- r to have by trailing the stripes and ars in the dust is not fit to he on my staff,” and he immediately degraded the officer to the ranks. A ‘flag of truce’ is a white flag, dis- played to an enemy to Indicate a - and con: neither side ever takes advantage other, the flag of truce helding both parties are back in their own lines, under the protection cf their own guns. One of the most dastardly acts of which a commanding officer can be guilty is to a cept the convoy of a flag of truce and w! under its folds fire upon the enemy. A white flag is also a sign of peece. After a battle, parties from both sices often go upon the field to rescue the wounded and to bury the dead under the protection of a white flag. The red flag is a sign of de- fiance, but is not often used civilized warfare, except at sea, where it is hoisted as a mark of danger, showing that a ves- sel is receiving or discharging her powder. The black flag is the sign of piracy. The yellow flag sho’ a vessel to be in quaran- tine, and is also a sign that some contag- ious disease is aboard. The American flag is now made of Amer- ican bunting, thanks to Gen..Ben. Butler. Up to 1866 English bunting was exclusively used in the manufacture of the American flags for the government. Gen. Butler cail- ed the attention of the Senate to a strug- gling bunting firm in his nome town, where he believed that better bunting was niade than was procured in England, ani from that day to this the America: lag has been all American. The national flags hoisted at camps or foris are of three sizes. The storm and recruiting ‘lag measures eight feet in length by four feet two inches in width. The post flags measures twenty feet in length by four feet two inches in width. The garrison flag, measuring thirty- six feet in length by twenty feet in width, is hoisted only on great occasions. The union of the flag is always exactly one- third of the length of the flag, and extends to the lower edge of the fourin red stripe from the top. The national colors carried by regiments of infantry and artillery and the battalion of engineers, on parad3 or in battle, are made of silk, and are five feet six inches long and four feet four inches wide. The field of the colors is twenty-eight in length, and ext2nds to the lower edge of the fourth red stripe from the top. The sizes of the flags used in the army and navy are not fixed by law, but are prescribed by army and navy regulations. Oldest in the World. The American flag is the oldest in the world. Sinca its adoption in 1777 the flag of every nation in the worli has been changed, some of them many times. The American Congress, on June 14, 1777, de- clared for the thirteen stripes and thirteen stars, and a few years later decided to add a stripe and a star for each new State. When Vermont and Kentucky came in, two strip2s and two stars were added. A few years later four new states had been admitted, and were clamoring for rec- ognition on the flag. Some change was im- perative, as the flag was getting all out of proportion. It is of record that many mem- bers of Congress objected most seriously to taking up the time with discussion of any- thing so unimportant as a national flag. Some discussion was indulged in, however, for there is an official document showing that Capt. Reid of the privateer “General Armstrong” was directed to design a flag. He promptly decided on going back to the thirteen stripes and a star for every, state. This report lay around for exactly a year before Congress took action, but at last, on April 4, 1818, the act in conformity with the Reid report was approved. Then the flag had twenty stars; now it has forty- five. The colonies had no easy time select- ing a national flag, it would seem, from the various designs that each of the thirteen colonies sported before a decision was actu- ally reached. By actual count sixty-four different flags had been in use before Old Glory was born, and of these thirteen of the designs showed a rattlesnake in vari- ous attitudes of coiling and striking. Anniversary of Its Birth. June 14 is the 122d anniversary of the birth of the flag. In most of the states it is now a legal holiday, and the public schools celebrate it with songs of patriotism and stories of heroie deeds, while the city and village authorities request that all patriotic-minded people hang their banners on the outer walls, and in every way pos- sible excite renewed interest in the flag. ‘The flag was christened “Old Glory” long before the civil war. In 1831 William Driver of Salem, Mass., captain of the brig Charles Doggett, left with a crew of young men for a long cruise. Just before leaving, a party of friends presented Capt. Driver with a beautiful American flag, which he christened ‘Old Glory” in their presence as he accepted it. He carried the fag to the South gale se any age long ¢ruises, an en old age ai rove aS trom tyedoeas he led “did Bez: with him. He w enn., ve, in and there in 1886. He was yal to north in the war of the rebel- another flag in its place, which floated till Peace was declared. The old “Old Glory” Was quilted inside a bed comfort till 1862, When General Nelson appeared in Nash- ville. Then the original Old Glory was ripped out of th= comfort and given to the general, who had Captain Driver hoist it above the capitcl. He watched it all one ight, through a heavy storm, and then tcok it down, running the second Old Glory up. The second flag was given, finaily, to the 6th Ofilo, when the regiment left Nash- Ne for home, but it was placed in the Kk of a beggage wagon, where a forag- ing mule nosed it out and chewed it up. The original “Oid Glory” was preserved. and at the death of Captain Driver ¥ presented to the Essex Institute of Sal where it may be seen by all visitors. Once the flag of a divided country, it is “our flag” now, in its highest and broadest meaning. James Whitcomb Riley has epi- tomized its history in four it “Its stripes of red, eternal dyed with heart streams of all Iands. Its white, the snow-capped hills, that hide in storm thelr upraisad hand: Its blue, the ocean waves that beat round freedom’s rela shore Its stars, the print of angels’ feet, that burn for- evermore.” ISABEL WORRELL BALL. CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR NOTES Tomorrow's Christian Endeavor topic is “Christian Courage: Examples From Pooks or Life.” Last Surday the Junior C. E. Society of Marylan@ Avenue Baptist Church elected the following officers, to take charge on July 1: President, Lillian Gregory; vice president, Harry Robb; recording secretary, Annie Durisoe; corresponding secretary, Mattie Irey; treasurer, Calvin Taylor; or- organist, Mignonette Haynes. Commitiee chairmen—Prayer meeting, Mary Durisoe; lookout, Harold Marston issionary, Annie Durisoe; social, Mattie Irey; music, Mign- onette Haynes; flower, Paul Naylor. Miss Georgia Turnbull is the superintendent of this society The '98 transportation committee reports that arrangements are being made which will allow the District delegates to the con- vention at Nashville to visit Camp Thomas and see the soldiers while at Lookout mountain. It is also announced that the delegates from Wilmington, Del., will ac- ner the District contingent on the iD. Next Monday evening the Junior Chris- tian Endeavor Union will have an import- ant meeting at the Luther Place Memorial Church, at which the annual election of officers will take place. Miss Allison will conduct a discussion of the topic, “How often do you have missionary meetings and how do you conduct them?” Miss Little will lead one on the topic, “How to have the children save their pennies during vacation.” General Secretary Baer reports 9,619 tenth legionaries enrolled, and Father Endeavor Clark has now a list of 8,294 comrades of the Quiet Hour. The Sunday schovl of Mt. Vernon Place M. E. Church South holds its children’s day exercises at 9:30 o'clock tomorrow fore- noon. The Y.P.S.C.E. of the First Presbyterian Church has just elected the following offi- cers for a six months’ term. President, Miss Mullican; vice president, Miss Haney secretary, Miss Craigen; treasurer, Miss Wilbur. The business meeting and social of the Y. P. S. C. E. ef the First Congregational Ckurch was held at the home of Professor Skinner at the naval observatory on last Saturday, and the Intermediate Society of the same church held its business meeting and social at the home of Mr. Chatfield, in Mt. Pleasant, the evening before. Both vere very pleasant and enjoyable occa- sions. The Y.P.S.C.E. of Galbraith A.M.E. Zion Ckureh has elected the following officers for the next six months: President, Berti: Brown; vice president, Martha Liggons urer, Katie West; secretary, Chas. H. Anderson; organist, Victoria Smith. Rev. Cuyler, formerly of Wilmington, N. is the pastor of this church. iss Bell Meany and Miss Augusta Swan, two active workers of Union M. E. Y. P. S. E., sailed from Philadelphia on the 7th tant on a two months’ trip through Eu- repe. Miss Forrest, a Methodist Protestant missionary home from Japan, gave three very interesting talks to the people of Cen- tral M. P. Church lately. An interesting feature of the last Christian Endeavor prayer meeting at this church was an un- expected “quiz” on the topic. Last Sunday evening the prayer meeting of the Christian Endeavor Society of New York Avenue Presbyterian Church was con- ducted by Miss Florence Smith, formerly a member of the society, but for the past two years a worker in the mission fields of Cciombia, South America. An interesting and graphic description of the work in that country was given. SS OLD MESA LIFE. The Pueblo Woman Was Always the Head of the Household. From the Century. When the men went down to the fields, the pueblo was really in control of its rightful owners, the women. In these old communities the woman was the !mport- ant partner in the household. She was the owner of the house and all it contained. She built it and furnished it with its uten- sils of daily use. The children traced de- scent through the mother and took her clan name. ‘The man's position, other than mere provider, was that of an honor- ed guest; and if he presumed disagree- ably on his position more likely than not he was sent back to his own home. Far from being the general slave and pack animal that is her sister of the plains tribes, the Pueblo woman's duties were purely domestic; and if she ever worked in the field it was for the common good, to save the scanty harvest in time of need. The grinding of the many-colored corn for bread, the weaving and the making of pottery were her principal occupations, are to this day. The Pueblo Indians are, par excellence, the potters of the scuthwest, and it will be confessed that they come feirly by the title, as an ex- amination of some of the cld-time ware will prove, although in this case, as in some others, the evolution has not been for the better. In the small house cell or in the white sunlight the potter sat, and, with scarcely any tools at ull, fashioned such specimens of the potter's art as to challenge admira- tion from us, with all our appliances. The use of the potter's wheel was unknown, and the “throwing” of a shape by this means out of the question; but with a hol- low bit of basket wear or a piece of bro- kea pot for a support, all the forms, from a simple food bowl up to the largest and most elaborate water jars, were built up by coil on coil of clay, smoothed or modeled in pattern as the vessel grew, and when one examines some of the ancient pieces, notably those excavated by Dr. Fewkes of the Smithsonian Institution, one can but marvel. Then came the decorating; and in every case, from the simplest to the most elab- orate and intricate symbolic desiga, one must confess that the Indian uses the tru- est inceptive and fundamental ert prin- ciples. There never is any waste of ener- 17 gy in “effect;"the design always means a concrete thing, which appeals to the un- derstanding of the Indians for whose use the utengils are. Through these same pot- tery forms and their decoration runs one of the strongest chains binding the old to the new. Near me are two timajas, or water jars. One is many generations, per- haps centuries, old; the other perhaps fi years, and yet in shape and general deco- ration they are much alike, and if the new- er one were properly “toned” they would Pass as of the same period r the pot- ter, gossiping with her neight sits a woman weaving, and here a change is seen. They had no wool then, cotton and N skins being, with the yucca, the 0 x- tile. Yucca was to the Indian what the bamboo is to the Asiatic. It gave them needles and thread and cloth to use them on and entered in a hundred ways into the economies of daily life pune girls and old women hung over the “mealing box” of stones, and with the rubbing stone ground the bright red, blue and yellow corn into fine-grain- ed, variegated meal upon the metate: and others, mixing it to a peste, quickly spread it in thin layers on a broad, hot stone, and then, deftly picking it up, rolled or folded it Into many-hued bundles of peekee (mtsu), or “paper” bread. So the day wore on, and when the sun had melted his way into the mesas in the west, flooding all the valley with a golden glory, barred at the hori-/ zon by long lines of blue and purple cliffs, up the trail, between great towering masses of rock, came the women from the springs at the base of the mesa, each with €raceful carriage, potsing upon her head an ollo, or timaja, of water for her house- hold’s comfort. Then the still, bine night, hung with great calm, golden stars, came softly down, or the moon, large and full, witched the world to fairyland. ———+o-_____ PAY OF THE Navy. How the Finances of Officers a di Me: Are Looked After, From Leslie's Weekly. When one takes into consideration the Ine telligencs, the technical training and the cther demands made upon them by their profession, the officers and men who han- die our warships are poorly paid as com- pared with those who follow similarly ex- acting duties on shcre. An Officer's pay varies not only according to his rank, but according to the nature of his duty. His highest pay is while at sea, his lowest while on leave or “waiting orders.” The following gives the officers’ bay per annum: Rear admirals, $4,000 to $6,000; commo- doras, $3,000 to $5,000; captains, $2,800 to $4,500; commanders, $2,300 to $3,500; Heuten- ant commanders, $2,000 to $3,000; Meuten- ants, $1,600 to $2,000; licutenants, junior grade, $1,200 to ”); ensigns, $800 to $1,- 400; naval cadets, $500'to $450. Contrary to the general popular notion, naval officers clothe and feed themselvas. They also house themselves, except when on board ship or when stationed at a navy yard where quarters are provided. True, they are allowed while at sea the munifi- Cent sum of 30 cents per diem for their ra- jor Furthermore, officers of the American navy hav> to pay out of their own pockets for the entertainment, not only of their own personal friends, but of officials, the guests of the nation. The pay of the enlisted men varies from $9 per month, received by a third-class ap- Prentice, to $70 per month, which is the compensation of a chief machinist. An “or- dinary seaman” receives $19, a “seaman”! #24 and a “landsman,” who is an unskilled recruit, $16 per month. Men in the artificer ciass, such blacksmiths, electricians, boiler makers, ete., get from $35 to 8 per month. All enlisted men, like officers, re- ceive their 30 cents per diem for rations, Furthermore, there is an increase in pay. for each re-enlisiment. One important step, conducing to effi- ciency, taken by the Navy Department dur- ing the last year was the clevating of the Status of gun captains, who are now spe- elally rated ich, with pay ranging from‘ $35 to $0 per month. Formerly the gun captain was chosen simply by reason of hig rank on shipboard; that is, no man could be a gun captain, however good his marks- manship, unless he held some petty office, such as boaiswain’s mate, coxswain or something of the sort. Now the gun cap- tain is the best shooter and manipulator of the weapon in the latter's crew, regardless of his standing otherwise on board, and he receives extra pay for his qualities. ——_+-«+—____ AFTER THE WAR, Greece Presents in Some Sections @ Melancholy Picture, Frem the Pall Mall Magazine. The first place which I visited was Velese ; tino; and a melancholy spectacle it was, I wished that some of my countrym2n who hounded on the Greeks to war could have seen it too. More than half the town was in ruins; most of the houses still standing were occupied by the troops, and the Chris- tian families who had returned were living in great poverty. The destruction of houses was the work of Albanian irregulars dur- ‘ ing the war; and it will be recollected that , a good deat of fighting took place here, j though scarcely of the desperate character | described at the time. I remember reading | vivid accounts of the terrible slaughter { which occurred at Velestino, and in par- ticular of a kind of Balaklava, or great cav- | alry charge, in which the Turkish troops ! Were mown down by hundreds. I remem-?! ber, also, pictures in the London fllustrated papers representing serried lines of Otto-/ man horsemen engaged in hand-to-hand | combat with the Greek infantry. It seems‘ unfzeling to injure the romance of war; but | & prosaic Turkish cavalry sergeant, with | whom I was well acquainted, and who rode in the charge himself, showed me the exact spot where it took place, and asserted thaf{ cut of the two or three w2ak squadrons en- | gaged, not more than twenty-five men were} killed and wounded, in addition to which they never got within a hundred yards of | the Greek trenchas. This and other en- gagements of a not much more serious na-: ture were officially reported to the Greek government by Gen. Smolenski (now min- | ist2r of war) in the soul-stirring words “My gallant army is swimming in the blood | of 10,000 Turks.” It may be well to add that the number of rks Killed and wounded during the entire campa we well below this figure. siiccad ——— Al rdities of Fashion. From the Chicago Evening Post. The young man of the period was at hist toilet. 1 “James,” he said, “how is it out?” Being a young man of the period—and a fashionable young man at that—of course it would not do for him to find out anything for himself. That would be an indication that fe cculdn’t hire a man to tell him what he wanted to know. “Warm, sir; very warm,” James. “I thought so,” commented the y: ing man of the period, which was a mai 2st untruth, for his face showed that he cid not think at all. “I must be cool, James!” “Yes, sir.” et out a suit of gauze underwear.” “Yes, sir.” j “And my lightest summer suit of clothes, I must be cool.” “Of course, sir.” answered Fashion or na! ion, I will be cool, James.” Very proper, sir. “And my straw kat, James. Don’t forget / the straw hat.” j Of course the straw hat was forthcoming, | and the young man of the period proceeded | to get into his clothes. “This neglige shirt, James!” he exclaimed when he had reached the point where that | was the next feature of interest. | “Yes, sir. What's wrong, sir?” inquired the man. ; “Too heavy,” said the youth of the period, | “It will roast me to death, and I want to _ be cool. In fact, I intend to be cool.” flere is a lighter one, ‘Ah, that’s more like It. That won't kill @ man with discomfort.” 4 | Then, having donned his reglige shirt, he | put on a four-ply collar that was at — } four inches high and about as cool 1 comfortable as a band of iron just from the furnace. And yet we sometimes feel called upon tg to teach the natives of tropical couge | how to dress properly and sensibly. £