Evening Star Newspaper, February 22, 1896, Page 22

ATR! EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY. .22,, 1896—-TITWEN TY4FOURA PAGES. = —_————S=a=—a3 —— ie a aa : MEM: ie By 4 A vad 5 Brained onrting thee “INCREASING THE WATER SUPPLY OF WASHINGTO -” LONGITUDI? AL SECTION OF TUNNEL, SHOWING LINED SECTIONS. THE CiTY’S WATER How It is Proposed to Increase the Supply. 10 COMPLETE THE TUNNEL PROJECT ———— History of the Abandonment Eight Years Ago. | —_—_——___—— ZARIOUS OPINION Ss ‘Thanks to the efforts of Senator McMil- Jan and other friends of the District in Congress, the prospect seems good for prompt action to increase the water supply of the city of Washington. All that is re- quired to bring about that much desired re- sult is the enactment into law of the joint rezolut'on int in the Senate by Sen- ator McMillan last wee viding for the completion of the Lyde-ker tunnel in ac- cordance with the plan cf the board of ex- pert enginecrs, as approved by the Secre- | tary of War and the chief of engineers of | the army. The joint resolution makes im- mediately available for the purpose the un- expended balance of $268,746.38 of the gen- eral appropriation for the tunnel, and ap- Propriates $555,254, the balance est:mated @s necessary to execute the project. Inasmuch as it will take considerable time to complete the project. it is extremely desirable that the work be started as soi &S po: ible. Therefore the ssed that there will hope is widely e no unne: the required legislative nrovis! work, so that active operation: tis Season. Whe Scheme for Increasing the Sapply Tais prospect has niturally awakened re- @ewed inte cal water system fand the app fly des =™s Three-ring arch, with invert. Dry stone bs carlia_ reservoir, y of the Di Which is ahont | miles from Rock creek. Water is 4 ted from this vir by four pipes. | twelv forty-eight | inches f the conduit. At the river the water is six inche: the dam. The data is now b fect and 6 inche st stages of ed at { | act of Congr. include: mat that | the Vir- Voir in 1885. The “Lydecker” Ternel. Tbe tunnel 3 20,696 feet In tend of the dis- tributing reservoir to a new re i shout 500,000, east of How ame s0 soft as the water to percola the many fissur ining of ended so trregulariues of th caused by the biasting of the roc irnen wall of brick had to be backed by rubble masonry or filling, so as to are @ solid wall to resist the prezsure of water, instead of a hoilow shell. 'The con- tractors yimd that the darkness of the tunnel evabled them to do the work In a elipshod manner, and in Jong spacca ‘he Ening wes left without backing. Whenever an inspector xpproached a warning was given and a bulkhead or false wall w: thrown up by the men, thus giving the ap- pearance of solid backing, and covering many rods of dishonest workmanship, Fraudulent Work Discovered. In the summer of 1889 hors reached this elty that frauds of this character were be- ‘§ng precticed in the work on the new ton aqueduct tunnel In New York, which ‘Was in the hands of the same contractors @s the local enterprise, and suspicion was Falsed against the integrity of the work the | tween | quire three feet below the crown of the} a bere. This was shortly afterward verified by the admissions of some of the working- men, and newspaper charges were made end promptly investigated by the Secretary of War. is investigation was followed by a military court of inquiry, which preferred charges against Major Lydecker, the en- gineer of the construction. These charges were tried before a court-martial, and Major Lydecker was found guilty of care- lessness, and suffered a financizl punish- ment. ater a congressional investigation was had, the findings of the military courts were fully verified, and the work was aban- doned. Operations had been discontinued in October, 1858, and the conduit was al- lowed to fill with water to the level of its possible exit at Rock Creek shaft. All parts of the conduit below a line iifcy-four feet above its lowest point have been under ater fer about six years and a half, and other paris exposed to air and seepage water. The Recent Inquiry. By an aet cf Congress of March ¥, 18% contemplating an increase of the water sup- ply, the engineer officers of the army were called upon io determine “the feasibility of completing the tunnel conduit,” and {f it should be determined that “the completion of the tunnel conduit is impracticable or too exvensive,” to report what was the best substitute plan “for bringing increased ‘ater supply from the reservoir in George- town by pipes or otherwise.” In order to determine these questions, Gen. Craightil, ief of engineers, with the approval of the retary of War, convened a board of ¢ t hydraulic engineers, consisting of Maj. . L. Marshall, corps of engince James L. Lusk, corps of engineers: M. phonse New York; Mr. Desn Fitz Gerald, Boston; Lieut. D. D. G: of engineers, recorder. beard was specially the duty of ascertaining the practicability of utilizing the tunnel in increasing the y uprly of the city. In his lecter to Secretary Lamont sugzesting the creation ef the board Gen. C iil said: of complet'ng the tunnel pro- ject is so much less than the cost of any other project proposed that it would be = most serious matter to condemn this plan of water supply without reasons more <0- the other the distrus* of the tunnel plan ex- n the minds of many ur nd which formerly, at sed Congres charged with sent than now appear. and hand, isting advisable, st: ts, figures and oj as to earry conviction, dice should not prevail se in connec- y a preat more of the coun ce for gre: i A Favorable Re The board sul niet a1 about a , 2s is well known, it was favor of t tion of the It was estimated that it would oSt $00. 000 to complete the tunnel preper ad that £200,000 would be required for ics and connections with the res- at its ends. to complete at tunnel is con: said the t is our opinion that ro other ans can provide as ecofomical and efii- cient a method for conducting large quan- tities of water from one part of the Dis- riet to another, provided, of course, that it is practicable to complete the present tunnel in such a manner as to insure safety in its operation ond maintenance. With ht difference of level existing e- the a reservoir and the about two feet, the , accerding to our putati 1 to that of nine 48- ch pipes, er more than three 6-foot pipe of the same length. Considering the re- S of the c in the near future ition to t tributing system of ge carrying capa t prove of inestimable advantage. sion, we have to report that it is our ucanuimous judgment that it is ‘feasible complete the mel conduit,’ with its . ready for service, for the ated in cur estimate, ion wil thi strueture of such la y mu net be ‘imp: inasmuch as cal method ‘for bringing tacrea: supply from the res to Washington by pi Gen water tvoir in Georgetown es or otherwise.’ ” * Craighill's Indorsemeat. Gen. Craighill indorsed the report by ex- pressing his “judgment” that the tunnel | Should be compieted as soon as possible, and Secretary gLament indorsed the judg- ment of the chief of engigeers. ject for the construction of the tunnel was to provide means for carrying a large amount of water, with but a small loss of head, from the ‘termi- | hus of the Washington aqueduct to the new reservoir, thus maintaining the pres- e in a large part of the city situated at a distance feom the-main distributing res- ervoir. The pressure in this portion of the city is now drawn down in times of maxi- walls. sy backing. No invert. mum draft by the very large consumption nd the lack of sufficient means force the supply. ¢ report the board said: “Careful exeminations cf the nature and condition of the reck through which the tunnet? is bullt have convinced us that it can be relied upon to withstand safely the pressure to which it will be submitted when the tunnel! fs filled with water and subjected to the maximum hydrostatic pressure. We found the rock, with but few exceptions, to be sound, strong and hard. The report of Messrs. Main and Sparrow, already alluded to, confirmed our own opinion as to the con- dition of the rock, inasmuch as these gentle- men found it in almost exactly the sams condition today that ft was in 1859. Al- thorgh practically unsupported, the rock has only fallen in two or three places, and to an Amount which we consider trivial. With the exception of a few schistose veins, the rock shows no signs of disintegration. ‘These veins are few in number, and even at these points the rock appears, to a large ex- tent, to be free from percolation and fis- sures, and we believe that when closed in by proper masonry construction all disinte- gration will cease. In brief, we believe there is nothing in the nature of the rock to cause | good may be to some extent realized when | does not uneasiness or to call for the exercise of any unusual engineering expedients.” A Personal Inspection by Experts. Messrs. ‘Thomas B. Main and Andrew J. Sparrow, who made a personal inspection of the tunnel in January, 1889, for the bene- fit of the board of expert engineers then investigating its condition, made another inspection in January last for the benefit of Gen. Craighill’s board, in order to ascer- tain what changes had taken place in the condition of the rock, the lining and the backing since their first examination. In their report they stated the condition cf the ei as follows: ‘We made a general examination of the tunnel and lining throughout its entire length, and detail examinations as to the condition of the rock ard backing at nu- merous points where openings in the lining had been previously made and examined by us. In the west heading from Cham- plain avenue shaft, at about station i, we found the roof of the excavation had broken through the lagging, scattering the lagging and some stone over the crown and haunches of the arch. In the east heading from Champlain avenue shaft, at about sta- ton 23-|-80, where the roof has been tim- ‘Three-ring arch. No Invert. Rubble masonry side walls and backing. bered, the rock ‘has disintegrated and fall- en into the tunnel just at the end of the Umbering, leaving quite a large pocket in le roof of the tunnel. At about station -|- in the same heading, the rock, whica is similar in character to that at stati 2. ), has disintegrated, crushed through the lageing, and filled up about two-thirds of the width of the tunnel at the bottom. From Howard shaft west, and Foundry Branch shaft for a considerable d. tance, there is quite a deposit of gravel, stone, etc., in the tunnel, which was not there at our last report. With these ex- ceptions, and the increase in strength of the » to age, we noticed no change ronditions of the tunnel now and existing in January, 1889." Maj. Knight's Views. In a recent report in regard to the re- sults to be accomplished by raising the Great Falls and completing the el ecnduit and reservoir, Major Knight, formeriy in charge of the Washington aquedue: id: . When the Great Falls dam has “been feet, which work is now in prog- mouth of the conduit will be full ges of the river.” The discharge of the conduit wiil inc se as the water is lewered in the Dalecarlia reservoir until the crown of the inlet of the conduit at that reservoir is uncovered. When this is the ease, the water then will be 7.23 fe lower than at Great Falls, and the di charge of the nine-foot conduit, seven miles long, will be about 0,000 gallons im twenty-four hours, its imum at low stages of the river. This reservoir is con- nected with the distributing reservoir by 10,150 feet of conduit, also nine feet in di- emeter. Water flowing through this con- duit must have the same rate of fall as e nine-foot conduit in order that the dis- charge into the distributing reservoir may the same maximum rate of 100,000 allons in twenty-four hours. This requires a fall of 1.55 feet hetween the two reser- voirs. The distributing reservoir is con- nected with the Howard University. reser- voir by the incomplete tunnel conduit. A fall of 1.0% feet from the distributing to the Howard University reservoir will cor- respond to a discharge into the latter of 54,000,000 gallons. This discharge is not, of course, the maximum discharge of the tunnel conduit. If these differen®falls be reduced, the discharge will .be reduced. With the present rate of consumption, the fails may be reduced; but in eighteen years the consumption will at least equal, ang probably exceed, the maximum dischayge given. “Temporary relief would then be had by giving to the m at Great Falls additional height; but more permanent relief could only he afforded by an additional conduit irom Great Falls to the Delecarlia res voir and thence to the distributing reser- veir. It will be a wise precaution to com- plete this additional conduit by 1910, and the preliminary studies should be entered upon immediately. If the discharges given are realized, they can only be at the e: pense of the storage capacities of the dif- ferent reservoirs, for the: correspond to a loss of 2.73 feet_of water in the Dale turlia reservoir, of 3 feet in the distributing and of 2.96 feet in the new, or jointly toa loss of storage capacity of about 100,000,000 gallons. The direct result of completin; the tunnel conduit would be that a daily supply of about 50,000,000 gallons of water could be stored in the Howard University reservoir ready for distribution ata point two miles from the Capitol, while the pres- ent distributing reservoir is four miles [ees It fy difficult to state with ex- actness what will be the result iffers sectio. of the city.” ay cea One Objection: to Compiction. Maj. Knight, in his letter, presents sey- cral possible objections to the completion of the tunnel and answers them all but one. ‘This he states to be “the extreme difficulty of repair in case of any accident.” On this ground he says: “All water above the level of the mouth of Rock creek shaft can readily be dis- charged into that creek; but the tunnel be- low this level, when completed, will hold 9,509,000 gallons; of this quantity only 5. 060,000 can be pumped out at Rock creek shaft, with an extreme lift of about 45 feet. It would be necessary to pump about 3,- 500,000 from the Champlain avenue and east shafts, with extreme lifts of 127 and 128 feet, and 1,690,000 from Foundry branch ft, with maximum lift of 65 fect. “About 9,500,000 gallons of water must then be taken from the tunnel at four dif- ferent shafts before the tunnel would be open to entire inspection from end to end. With boilers, engines and buckets of con. siderable size this might be done in five Gays. After the water had been removed re would be ali the difficulty of repairs, which would be occasicned by access for men and materials only by means of shafts from a mile to a mile and a quarter apart. There can be no doubt that were repairs needed they could be executed only with extreme diificully. “The ordinary dangers to which a tunnel aqueduct under internal pressure is exposed are the falling of rock or earth from the roof, the forcing in of the sides and the opening of cracks in the lining occasioned by internal rressure. The first two may be guarded against by suitable lining, includ- ing invert; the opening of cracks in the lin- ing must be prevented by the resistance of the rock walls exerted through a solid ma- sonry backing of the lining. “The construction of the new Croton aque- duct has proved satisfactory work of this ! i sink out of sight. The sand beds it is known that 384,700 barrels of cement |“n the vicinage are able to furnish water Were used in its repair for grouting alone, exclusive of the cement used for the recon- struction of defective or missing masonry by hand. It is difficult to conceive of any accident (other than that which an earth- quake might occasion) to which the tunnel Would be exposed which could not be prop- erly guarded against during the completion of the work. Yet, should any occur, repairs would be difficult and require much time.” Col. Elliot's Opinion. The expert commission having invited the opinion of Col. George B. Elliot, U. S. A., retired, formerly in charge of the water supply, that officer submitted a letter, which is published in H. R. document 166, containing the various reports on the tun- rel inquiry. Col. Elliot in this document nswers the oniy objection: considcred by Major Knight as at all sericus, and that is the difficulty of repairing the tunnel. He says: It is not only difficult, but it is impossi- ble to conceive of any accidents that can not be provided against during the comple tion of the tunnel. In view of the tremen- dous responsibility that had been put upon him, to say nothing of the loss of so much money if the turnel should be abandoned, or of the disappointment that an adverse report from him would produc tn the Di trict of Columbia, which has paid one-half the cost of the work and has nearly re- covered from the effects of the report of the cormmission of experts of 1889 and now hopes and trusts that the tunnel will be a success after all, I do not see how it was possible for Major Knight to so thoroughly convince himself that there are and will be no dangers of accidents ‘which could rot be properly guarded against during the completion of the work,’ and then come to the extraordinary conclusion found at the end of his report. “He first says in effect that there is no danger of accidents, and then condemns the tunnel because ‘if any occur, repa'rs would be difficult and require much time.’ His condemnation is founded on nothing to be discovered in his report. In fact, all the facts stated by him and all his deduc- tions from the facts are egainst his con- clusion. He acknowledges that. ‘the poss!- Lility of the necessity of repairs’ 1s both ‘small and remote,’ yet in spite of this he condemns the ‘tunnel and suggests a plan of his own, which, from his own figures, wovld cost reéarly half a million dollars more than his estimated cost of completing in a thorough manner the acqueduct tunnel, and which would not have one-third of its capacity for carrying water to the Howard University reservoir. Maj. Knight's Plan. “The plan proposed by him is a conduit from the distributing reservoir to the west side of Rock creek, and thence the water is to be carried by three 48-inch mains to the dloward University reservoir. In respect of the comparative cost of completing the aqueduct tunnel and the plan proposed by ‘aj. Knight, I have this to remark: His tima the cost of completing the tunnel is $1, . His estimate of the cost of his plan, which is, west of Rock creck, ‘mainly in tunnel’ (he proposes to substitute one tunnel for another), is $1,543,209, a difference «of completing the aqueduct tunnel vout $270,000, but his estimate provides three 48-inch mai * “We find that Maj. Knight’ tém would cost nearly half a millior. of dol- lars more than the completion of the tun- nel, while the capacity of the new line of works proposed by him {s not one-third of the capacity of the tunnel. The Danger of Accident: “Of the dangers of accidents to aqueduct tunnels generally, mentioned by him, the only one worth considering in the case of our aqueduct tunnel Is the danger of ob- structions of the waterway by falls of rock from the roof. In the portions of ihe tunnel yet unlined this danger is to be guarded against by the completion of the brick lining, solidly backed by rubblestone or by concrete. That this danger will then not exist in these portions, aggregating about cne-fourth of the length of the tunnel, or in the three-fourths in which the lining was fraudulently done and the defects are to be made good, is shown by the following fact: “When Maj. Knight emptied the tunnel all parts of it below a line 54 feet above its lewest point had been under water for about six years and a half and the other parts ex- posed to air and seepage water during the same time. During this long period the seams of the rock of the roof of tie tunnel had been softened and the rock had been Fut in a condition that without doubt per- mitted all of it to fall that could fall or would ever fall, and yet it was found that the three miles of lining (about) had per- fectly filled its main object: that is to say, it stopped and prevented from falling into the waterway, and without any injury to itself, all masses of reck that may have been detached from the roof of the tunnel ing the six years that it was full of water, and, what 1s more Important, at the time the tunnel was emptied last July. “Where the tunnel has been completed as was originally contemplated—that ts to say where the spaces between the arched lin. ing and the rock roof have been solidly filled with rubblestone masonry or with concrete, the arched lining can never again be sub- jected to shocks. There may be at some places exterior pressures, but none that the arch will not be able to withstand. Twelve Days’ Supply Possible. “In regard to time for repairs in case of accidents, although I agree with Major Knight in thinking ihat it fs most im- probable that any will occur, I may remark that the capacity of the two western reser- voirs is about 340,000,000 gallons, of which, as Major Knight correctly says, about 300,- 000,000 gallons are available. The capacity of the Howard Uni ty reservoir is 300,- 000,000 gallons, making 600,000,000 galions that will be available in the three reser- voirs. Withoyt taking into account the dai- iy supply from Great Falls, whieh no acci- dent to the tunnel could interfere with, this amount of water is equal to about twelve days’ supply, and ntuch more in case of an aceldent, for the use of water would then be restricted by the Commissioners of the District, as is now done in times of low water in the Potomac. “Major Knight's estimate of the time that would be required to empty the tunnel is about five days. Therefore, taking into consideration only the amount of water stored in the reservoirs, and not considering at all the constant replenishing from Great Falls of the watér drawn from the two western reservoirs, there would be seven days (twenty-one days of eight hours) for repairs; and 1 think it improbable that there would be any suffering for want of water in the city during a repair to the tun- nel in the improbable even of an accident to it, although there m: be diminished pressures in the areas that will the Howard University reservoli Gen. Meigs’ Approval. Col. Eiliot appends to his opinion a let- ter written to him in 1891 by the late Gen. M. C. Meigs, in reference to a report made by Col. Elliot on the water supply. Gen. Meigs said: “I also note that you were making arrangements to measure the daily outflow of water from the unfortunate tun- nel, so badly managed in construction and so foolisbly, it seems to me, abandoned. So many small streams descend into nat- ural rifts iz the subsoil and reappear after traveling considezable distances, still be- ing of considerable volume, that I do not think it likely that this tunnel, though not character to be possible, even when the orig- | lined, is losing any great or fatal quantity inal work was defective. The amount of of water. The creek itself flows for some defective work in that aquedwct’thus made | twenty miles over the same formation and propesed sys- | by springs flowing at their outcrops, and the terrible threatening hole has not in a very wet season given vent to the disas- trous floods over the town, apprehension of which seemed to me to be influencing our legislators when they discussed the measurés to be taken to remedy in some Gegree the effects of the execution by con- tractors on this tunnel. As even in New York, under the baleful influence of politi- cal engineering, the Croton aqueduct has at length mended its leaky revetments and now pours into the great city an abundant supply of water, so I do not doubt that the day will come when, the panic of the day forgotten, the great bore, though lo- cated too low for economy, will. be com- pleted, and will give the capital an abun- dant supply of Potomac water.” ee HE WAS FROM NEW YORK. A New Method in a Poker Game and How It Worked. From the New York Times. Early on a Sunday morning in July, a few years ago, Sambo Robinson and old Daddy November were seated on the rocks known as the “grillage,” on Sullivan’s Island, near Charleston. The grillage is op- pcsite to Fort Moultrie, and, as Sambo re- marked, “'E is de betterest place on de whole island fur ketch sheephea4.”’ ‘Samto,” said old Daddy Movember, ot you tink am de reeson why. sheep- ead wunt bite no udder kine o' bait ‘cept fiddler? Wuffer 'e ain’t lub shrimp? replied Sambo. “'E Lary funny, een de sheephead; kos shrimp nice, en fiddler am nasty leetle crab.” ‘obody can’t ‘count fur funny tings,” said November. “Yes, ‘e kin sometimes,” sald Sambo; “fur instant, ‘id you ebber hear ob a nig- ger play pokah en tell you ‘e han'?” “No,” said November. a jackass.” ‘Well, my man ain't no jackAss pone ‘tall. Ob kose, you know dat de kahd pahty wot play eer: my house mous always persiss ob Gawge Washinton en Primus Green en me en Hendry Drane, wot sel fowl. Howsumeper, dere was one mo’ nig ger wot play will me on de nite wot I gwin! tell "Lcut. Hendry interjuce ‘em to me by de name ob Jackson, en suy he come from Nu-Yawk, en was he fren. W’en I tink "bovt wot nappen, I moas’ ‘spishun Drane.” “Wot happen?” said November, pulled in his Ine and found that had disappeared. “Dish yer what happen,” replied Samo. “We.all sot down en cut fur de dele, en Drane win ‘em, en dele de kahd, en say to fren, Mr. Jackson from Nu-Yawk, derstand much "bout kahd, but he villin’ to loss a few dollah.’ Den Jac! v: ‘Oh, yes; T kin play kahd, but I got e habit ob tellin’ my han’. I teil de trute Ny peut ’em, too.’ ‘Funny habit.’ rema Gawge Washinton; en Primus G kaufen blow he nose, en wunk he e: in't been no big “IT bet fibe cent, but I only got two jack.’ Me en Drane en Washinton ain't hab nuttin ‘iall, en we one out, but Primus call ‘em on two nine, en Jackson tek de pot, kos ’e got two jac sho ‘nuff. Well, dis kine er ting gone on a good leetle wile, tell Hendry dele agen, on he ewn jackpot. Jackson sot nex’ to Drane, en he open de pot. Washinton come cen: Primus gone out; I only hab two seben, but I come een. Drane say he ain't got no luck, en he trow ‘way he kahd. Jackson say: * got two jack, but T want fur know ef 1 got rite fur trow "way one jack en draw fur flush.’ We all tell ‘em *e got rite; so 'e draw one kahd. Washinton tek tree en I tek iree. Wen I look at my kahd, T moas’ git fit. I ketch two mo’ seben, wich mek me hab fo’ ob a kine. Jackson say: ‘Gen- tlemen, I always tell my han’, en I_gwine tell em now. I got big flush.” En den he ‘bet_ten cent. Washinton look sick at hi stummick en trow ‘way two king. I moas’ always kauf wen I got big han’, en 'e been rotiss, but dis time, I keep from kauf. I say !0 myself: ‘I got Jackson now, ‘kaus flush ain't nuttin’ longside ob my fo’ seben.’ Den I liff Jackson ten cent, en ‘e see ‘em en rise me ten mo’. Den I'histe ‘em gen, en "e liff me back, en I rise ‘em gen, en *e liff me sum mo’. “E een fak, we liff cach udder so much dat my munny gib out en I *bleeged to call. ‘Wot you got? I sang out. : ‘I got fiush, ob kose,’ remahk Jackson. “Den I reech out fur de pot, en sho’ my fo’ seben.”” “En, ob kose, said November. No, I is de nigger wot was ‘stonish’,” said Sambo. ‘Jackson been say dat 'e got flush, en so ’e hab, but he flush knock my fo’ seben cole De flush wot Jackson sot behine persiss ob de nine, ten, jack, queen, en king ob club. I nebber will kahd agen wid nigger from Nu-Yawk, speshumly ef he tell he han’ een pokah, en am fren ob Hendry Drane.” BE een de fust dele dey ban’. en Jackson sa Jackson been ‘stonish,” coe Another Solomon, From Household Words, There are still judges in the world who are almest as wise as King Solomon and veri- table “Daniels come to judgmeni.” Such an one presides over a local court in the Isle of Scio, An action for damages was brought against a local railway company arising out of a serious collision. A man had lost an arm in the affair, and a young married wo- man had been made a widow. For the loss of the arm the judge awarded 6,000 plastres, and only 2,000 for the loss of the husband. At this there were loud murmurs, whe; upon the judge justified himself in the f lowing terms: ‘‘My dear people, my verdict must remain, for you will see it is a just one. Poor Nikola has lost his arm, and nothing on earth can resiore that priceless limb. But you,” turning to the woman, “you are still young and pretty. You have no’ e money; you will easily find another husband, who possibly may be as good, perhaps bet= ter, than r dead lord.” The people cheered and congratulated each other on having such a judge. Pessimist and Optimist. From the Chicago Record. ‘Mr. Insite, give the class four idea of ist and pessimist.” Yes, sir. An optimist is a man who is happy when he's miserable, and a pessirm! is a man who js miserable when he’s happy +o2+—____ “Wouldn't yer like ter ‘ave one o’ them things, Liza Ann?’ “No. I wouldn’t be seen on one. I don't think they’re nice for lidies!""—London Punch. “Sich a man muss | IN THE CHURCHES No definite action has been taken as yet hy the board of directors of the Young Men's Christian Association in regard to the election of a new secretary for the as- sociation. Mr. C. C. Slocum has resigned his position as second assistant secretary, to take effect on the Ist of March, at which time he will leave for an Ohio town, where he has been tendered a business position. This leaves the ¥. M. C. A. with only one secretary to do the work that was formerly done by three, so that it is ex- pected that the selection of the new gen- eral officer will not be long postponed. | The Men's Club of the Gurley Memorial Presbyterian Church is now entering on the second year of a prosperous existence. During the past year its sessions have been largely attended and lectures have been delivered by Profs. Otis Mason, H. A. Hazen and Henry Gannett, Maj Geo. H. Harries, Dr, Evermai Mr. A. B. John- son and Maj. L. B. Willia membership of.the club is about seventy- five and the ofticers for this year are as follows: President, Wm. T. 8. Curtis; vice presidents, Charles M. Overacker and E. A. Coleman; secretaries, E. M. Finch and ms. The enrolied Ralph Baldwin, and treastrer, Thomas gan. A boys’ choir was organized last Tues- day evening at St. Paul's corner of 15th and V st holic Chur ects. a, The entire forty end they will render the mus'c for the first time during holy weck at the cele- bration of the “Tene! Thereafter the music at the 9 o'clock mass on Sundays will be in their charge. This is the second bey choir to be organized among the Cath- olic churches of Washington, the other be- is more and more to male voices in church ic, there are several of the local Cath- : churches who are contempiating or- ‘anizing these vested choirs to render por- tions of the services. The Western Presbyterian Church has zed its mission and put it into ac- neration. It is located in a three- | story building at the corner of 25th ts. The ground floor is ex well lighted and £0 it ha: the Sunday school exer: for public meetin Rev. Hor Parkman, among Washington count of his former Brotherhcod of St y, has dingly been devoted to $s and as a place well known -opalians on ac- nnection with the Andrew as its secre- urned from New Mexico, been during the past year While at Lus Ve here he conducted a ion, Mr. Parkman took orders in the church, but on account of the eftect of the clim: te on his wife's health, was not able to there, end so expects to receive charge somewhere in the vicinity of W ingte) it cided to hold the s fi on city pr eday in April. At t ing there will be an election of oflicers also a delegate to the gencral assem which meets in May ratoga Spri The worth Leagu fotten out A shi hist ic. the constitution, s 1 league cificers, general con- e, Washington are given. In ew Church, Swedenborgi: is now being held in the main auditorium of the h pending ion of a regular Sur Joining the church Zines moving into the n, has received s istrict. con’ distriet_and chap th ‘The Sal chool of the home the school humber of additions to its membership and is in tir Mr. W. C. McMichael has returne: old position as superintendent in cl: the Central Union Mission. tmerly superintendent for six y best one the mission ever had, so the board of directors declare. The work of adding to the equipment of the mission still gore on. A large open space on the fifth floor has been recently divided into smail dur- mitories for men, fitted up with cot beds and a chair. There is a growing demand for more sleeping room at the mission, and as fast as possible the directo! deavoring to open up new dormitories They have also had painting and white Washing done in a number of places in the building. One of the boys’ el He w ars, and the rst Bap- 1! gave an enter m of the church tainment in the lecture rm last evening. The youngsters presented a musical and literary program, and at. its eshments. The mone: sed is to be devoted io the cause of m: sions. Grace Reformed Sunday School has eiect- ed the following officers for the ensuin year: Superintendent, M. Shook; a sistant superintendent, Hugh L. Appic cretary, J. C. treasurer, Miss ‘annie ‘Gilber W. HOH. Miss Annie E. Helif, and organist, Miss Annie Main. ‘The Junior Christian Endeavor Society of the Assembly Presbyterian Church gave a surprise social to their superintendent, Miss Wel oward Wilbur Ennis, pastor of the yterian Church, began last lay evening a series of lectures on “The History of the English Bible,” fol- lowed by a question box at the close of each lecture; the course to exiend over some months. Grace Baptist Church recently held “a box opening, realized. 1t was gotten up by the Women’s Circle, and consisted of a “portrait party” in the earlier part of the evening, followed by the opening of the boxes. The money will be applied toward the debt: ineurred in making the recent improvements to the chureh. It has been decided to hold the next meeting of the D Epworth Leag 16 on March 23, at Wesley Church. The pro- gram will be in charge of the department of merey and help. The entire meeting will b in the nature of a elcome to the tors after their return from conferen and at the conclusion of the program ther will be an info; al reception. 1] orthians are also to hold a mee! eut of the offi and members of ton. ~ Nro! e Burke has been of the church in place cf Dr. day and Friday evenings of this there will be a convertion coming we: the Sanday schools of the Refor churches of the eastern district class! of Maryland. It will be held in Charch, on 15th street northwest, and it i pected t e will be present repre- about eight church The y. Adolos Allen delivered the address before the last meciing of the Pr Ministers’ sociation, in impressions as gathered Evrope last summer. One evening this week the board of man- agers of the Epworth League Oratorical Association met at Foundry Church to make arrangements for the third annual contest of oratory. It declied to hold the contest Friday evening, March 6, ai Foundry M. E. Church. The present exec- utive of the association, Mr. Eugar W. Williams, $s to preside, but other details of the program are not yet completed, ex- cept the order in which the contestants will make their appearance. These will be as follows: H. C. Sanford of Metropolitan Chapter, O. W. Goodwin of Hamline Chap- ter and Harry O. Hine of Waugh. Sub- committees we-e appointed on judzes, acc- erations and prize. The latter will be as membership of the choir will be about | ing at St. Stephen's, but as the tendency | nd Hj a- | are en-| from which about 300 was | r yeafs, an Oxford teachers’ Bible, of gentlemen of distinguished literary ability have be asked to act as Thice of the Ix judges are to ‘leir opinion on + 2zht and compo- the manuscripts having been exam- e of the contest, and the The present officers of President, resident, Hed- Harry 0.’ Hine, s Fannie Kennedy. This ‘d contest of the association three years ago. ce P. E. Church, 'S soutuwest, are pay of the edifice, incur last spring in remodelrg it. One evening re emily they ¢ a concert which netted a con- siderable sum. Some of the numbers on the program were: “The Bugler,” Malcolm Brown; “Len Bolt “Cousin Je iediah,” chorus, ani an Kita Wr iy were patriotic clusion of the p: tea, with a num ecostime. The leade E. H. Daniel. Prof. William J. folk: |so many concerts last Ip out ined in ill be the thi since its incept The conz corner of making an deb: = Daniel and a Song.” Miss the seiections At the con- ‘as a colonial the pai nts in oi the concert was “Old Nearl, in ¢ rs Time all acter, 1 the of Palmer h t Ss reorganized pe, wh gave ason, gratuitously, humber of struggling ie the same course ady given concerts Trinity d has air Capitol and North Churches, . Richard Lewis Howell, rector of St. Margaret's Episcopal Church, preached a e the Broth of Trinity Chureh 1s Rev. Mr. Howell aluded to t that the rector of the church, Rey. Thomas G. Add $ his first A special course of sermons has b j Rared for Wedn y evenings in Lent at St. Aloysivs Caurch, the preachers b as follows Rev, Pathe . EJ. Mel EB. J. McTa: 8 g $ x > evilt, The Ladies’. Aid formed Church gave a | Tuesday evening at the 7 sce of on the _ members, ch person brow eht earliest photograph of him or ine self; Were then numbered, ize Was given to the pe mM guessing the identity of the éreatest number. The ladies of St. Paul's Catholic © are preparing for an extensive fair given during the month grounds adjoining the pari which will be converted into a i world’s fair. v7 ‘ongregation of the Western byterian Chr rec t rch to be Pres- meeting 7 Ratcliffe and Dr. J. Thomas and to the board of deacons, Ch Crittenden, i tomorrow s of the in a b es have 1 ather John § The rae onde ces is to ta evening at Carroll He ports are to os ries, Hors, Rev, Uni- = pastor of the chu > heen requested by societies Iution, ter, to prese: jous duty in thelr sermons Rev. Dr. Sat elreviar | ter to the cler: of W: ton, inviting Uh de: of the lait sont to at re to he Ivary « of con: a the cerns w York “ f himee Washington, The tion of hot urch, Sa.m. Mo celet of holy Church, 9 a.m. Cor vary Church, ty of the diocese of W 3 tWa.m. at 15 Hl to. take | rectory p the servi | S Aid So. | ical Lutheran | their mozthly gather residence of M etre Were Mrs. PD. Maus: Kernwein, and bh, Mesdames Elliot Ruppre. Kert and M Sardo, and D, Mau: enten service Church will be as % p-m., ford, D. D., ) p.m. rosa ae, end by Am a Catholi 2 votions of the way of cross and Lenedige tien, —_—_ TING A WILDCAT. MEE It Was on a Lon Sang “Heme, Sweet Hom. From Martferd (onn.) Times, The Winsted C perience of r while driving home weak, He | When y Road ond He was driving along adden’ at top, {stock still, wo 2 made his hors: uch a manner, got out of the w a“ terrify imet his eyes. a larg standing in the mi: of th gle in the darknes Mr. Hil had so: he made v a, and Mr. He could de . and the more he wi: ec =8W | } Sweet Home.” in a cite much merriment if the of thought discre and “vamoosed FLAVOR RICHNESS AND DIGESTIBILIT. x E* >