Evening Star Newspaper, February 22, 1896, Page 15

THIEVES THEIR PREY "Scenes of a Day at the Detectives’ Office. CONFIDENCES ARE POURED OUT And Famity Skeletons Are Some- times Exposed. CATCH THE THIEF DAY IN THE DE- tective office at police headquarters when there is any business doing affords a gocd study of human na- ture, for from 9 o'clock in the morn- ing until 6 o’cleck in the evening the call- ers embrace all class- es and conditions of people. Inspector Hol- Inberger is always on duty before 9 o'clock in the morning, and he remains all day and listens patiently to the tales of Woe from men, women and children, re- ser g time enough to direct his men and hear enough of the more important cases te know what Is going on in the city. The inspector, of course, !s In communi- cation with the police authorities of all lerge citi as well as the near-by country distri so that he is kept constantly no- tfied of what ts gong on, so far as the novements of crooks affect this city. Then, G0, the inspector depends upon the news- Bepers for information from other cities, @nd frequently in this way he obtains val- uable facts and suggestions. ports of thefts are net the only ones that are received in the office, for almost gverybody who has a grievance seems to thave an idea that a visit to the detective partment will result in a quick adjus ment of his trouble, no matter of what na- tere the trouble is. Lost and strayed per- 4s well as animals, are reported, and ia is not an unusual thing for the inspector to get cornered an hour a day for several days by some woman whose pet cat, dog or fowl has managed to get outside the Emits of her home. And every woman who a complaint of this kind to make im- es that her business ts the most im- nt in the land, and that all other rs pertaining to the welfare of the trict can wait until her pet has been Yresiored. included in the list of persons who call on such business are women in all stations of life, from the wives of cabinet officers down. Some of the descriptions given of lost, strayed or stolen dogs are amysing. For instance, one woman, who had lost a t and any amount of tears, call- ea in a carriage ecrly one morning. H: your house been robbed of dia- woman. ui the less of diamonds.” entured the officer. answered the woman; dear pe! exeuse me,” the officer managed to nd he was about to ask the age of d,when the fair visitor made known the fact that it was her dog she was talk- ing about. hen the officer heaved a sigh of relief Gnd proceeded to note down a description “No. “my pet, my Inspector Hollenburger. of the animal sald the owner; nary dog. “His color, pleas: “Yellow, with a few white spots on him. ‘Then he’s lame in one hind leg, and be- cause of his extreme age he can't see well.” Additional particulars were given and a @escription of the animal was sent to all the stations. ‘imilar reports are made concerning cats and fowls, and, 2s a rule, ‘He's a dear little fellow. ‘about as big as an ordi- these cases take up more time than those } of robbery, when hundreds of — dollars’ North of property are reported to be miss- ns. Lest children also claim the attention of this office, and runaway boys and girls are frequently tracked from place to place end sometimes arrested and returned to their parents. n, too, young women from other places who, young in years, have eloped are picked up from time to time. Sometimes the marriage ceremony is performed in the office in the presence of irate parents, whose feelings become soft- ened as a rule, and who forgive and forget before returning to their country homes. The Washington detective service Is dif- ferent from that in most large ci and the character of the work is also different. ‘There are not the mysterious cases here that other communitics are troubled with, althouzh an occasional mystery has to be solved, nor there so large a class of a e known as professional men here as there is in many of the large cities, notably the city of New York. Washing- many ef whom Some of them are clever in ar branch, but they do not ctives the trouble the New York police are now experiencing. The last case in which there was much mys- tery involved was that of “Jack the Slash- who operated here so many months ore he was fiually apprehended. He had thrown the people of the city, and more the females, into a state of ex- citement which not been equaled in years, except, perhaps, by that occasioned by “Jack the Ripper” {n London, who mur- dered and mutilated people instead of household effects, as was the case with the “slasher.” He was finally captured, and then only by the merest accident. It is in this way thet many big police cases Bre settled, and not because of the clever- hess of men who are said to be born de- egtives. © Robberies of various descriptions claim the attention of the detectives every day, and these Include, as a rule, every degree from_the petty thief who steals a loaf of bread to the professional cracksman whe Tobs a safe, or the burglar who enters a dwelling house. Seldom a day passes that some robberies are not reported, but for so large a city very few big robberies occur. It is true that this winter several robberies, involving in ali not more than $2,500, have Deen committed, and are yet unsolved, but 1896-T WER TPAOTH PAGES, “as eVEG SNR, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 29, these are said by the authorities to be in- significant :n number and value com; with some of the big robberies committed years ago, before the reorganization of the detective force. This ‘was done in 1883, when Lieut. Swindells took charge. Then came a change in the general workings of the office. Lieut. Swindells’ motto was, “Thief first.” The recovery of the property Was an after consideration, and this rule has been followed by his successors. It has resulted in the apprehension of the thief in @ majority of cases, where the property kas been recovered, and this has rendered the establishment of “fences” or “‘go-be- tweens” next to impossible, and when a Frofessional thief comes here he is almost certain to get in the toils. Pursuing this mode of dealing with crooks, the authorities here have secured the photographs of many professional men whose likenesses were wanted by the authorities in some of the larger cities for the rogues’ galleries there. It does not always follow that because a case of alleged theft is reported an of- fense has been committed, for the law imposing severe penalties for taking prop- erty belonging to others is sometimes in- voked to accomplish ends other than the recovery of property and the incarceration in jail of the alleged purloiner. In this connection the officers are called upon to unravel family troubles, involving the wrongdoing in some way of a son, daughter or even a parent. Men whose wives desert them sométimes invoke the ald of the law. Then, too, erring sons leave home because of bad companions, and the ald of the detectives is sought. The use of “stool pigeons” in this city is not resorted to by the detectives tosthe ex- tent that it is in many large cities. In fact, the use of them fs discouraged, and the re- sult is that the officers are not seen in pub- lic places associating with men of doubtful character, as they are in some cities, al- though in New York the old “stool pigeon” dead line has been obliterated, and instead of associating with crooks the detectives are supposed to arrest them. But at times the detectives find it abso- lutely necessary to get the assistance of A Dit of Information. creoks. If such assistance were not ob- tained, it is claimed that frequently the officers would not have an opportunity of cy of preventing Wher or Hollinberger Treason that workers er Insp to believe has in a particular tine are going to operate here he sends around the word, and the selected victims, if known, are saved. The detective force as at present consti- tuted is composed cf thirteen men, whose duty it is to suppress crime and detect criminals, and_their record, it is claime: will compar favorably with that of an: other bureau of its kind {n the country. Until the decision of the Supreme Court cf the District annulling the army and navy appointment clause, the law reaqyjred that all appointments on the detectlve force shoul be made from the ranks, and they could at any time have been sent back to the ranks for street duty. Since the organization of the force several men have been appointed for this special duty who were brought frém other places, and they were made members of the detec- tive corps by first being appointed as pri- vates and then detailed. As the law now stands, the officials have the right at any time to send the detectives back to the ranks for street duty or other service. It is not necessary, however, that men now appoinied to the detective force should come from the ranks, but the author- ities may, in their discretion, appoint those who are experienced in this particular line of duty. Inspector L. H. Hollinberger is chief of the corps, and those under him are R. H. Boardman, G. W. Bcyd, Joseph Carter, John Gallaher, M. B. Gorman, Edward Horne, Henry’ J. W. Mattingly, C. W. Proctor, M. W. Quinlan, B. T. Rhodes R. E. Weedon. During the day Sergt. Robert Johnson assumes charge of the of- ein the ebsence of the inspector, and at night Sergt. Perry has full charge of the office. Officer F. M. Helan of the first pre- cinct has been assigned to duty in con- nection with the detective service, because of his excellent -ecord as precinct detec- tiv With this force of thirteen detectives all the men are not available for detective duty. Detective Proctor is engaged as in- spector of pawnshops, whils Detective | Mattingly is detailed for work at the dis- srlet attorney's office. Detective Gorman, who has been in the service longer than any other member of the force, does the office work, which fs part of the most val- uable work of the service, and in this work he dizcovers the whereabouts of lots of stolen property, which leads to the ap- prehension of the thief, for which some other officer gets the credit. The other men do street work and general detective duty outside of the office. Each morning the men are supposed te report for duty at the office, and this they do unless the in- vestigation of a case calls them elsewhere. There are no cells at headquarters where prisoners can be detained nor are the pres- ent apartments adapted to the uses of a branch of the police service. This depart- ment, the officers think, should be located in a building er2>ted so as to provide for the secret work that has to be done, and give some privacy where privacy is need- ed. The records show ro material increase in the robberies committed during the past year, as compared with previous years, and, as already stated, there are cnly a few of this winter's robberies re- mainirg unsolved. _——— BRANDY DROPS A MYTH. Very Little Pure Spirit Used by the Confectioners. vom the New York World. “This action of the police prohibiting the sale of brandy drops is laughable to men in the business,” sald a manufacturing con- fectioner. “Why, 2 man might eat an en- tire bushel of ordinary brandied chocolates without getting a pony glassful of the pure spirit. Confectioners have a mixture of their own for this purpose which, I can as- sure you, contains a very small propor- tion of brandy—less than an ounce to the gallon. There is about the same proportion of spirit in it as there is of grape juice in a quert bottle of claret at a cheap table @hote. “I learned my trade Mm England, and I remember that thirty years ago there was a howl over there against the sale of brandy snaps. This is a confection very popular with school children over there, very much the same as peanut brittle ts here. A parliamentary committee inquired into the matter and discovered that a ton of brandy snaps contained less than half a pint of pure alcohol. The sale of snaps Was not interfered with.” +e2—___ From the Youth's Corpanton._ Frost and Sun. © Autamn, hide your gold from sight! It tempts the thief, It tempts the thi ‘The thief that walks the hours of night, ‘And vanishes at down. When all your biush is turned to blight, ‘That mourns the more when suns are bright, ‘There will rot be one golden leat ‘To tell of glories gone. © Spring, put all your frowns away! And greet the Rig, and greet the King, ‘The King that through the gato of May ‘Will come to claim his own. When cvery cloud ‘has lost its gray, And breezes tread a flowery way, ‘No tear upon your cheeks can bring ‘The thought of sorrow flown. ————_or______ Serious Malady. From the New York Ledger. Nanette—“The minister looked very pale, didn’t he? I was told he had some organic trouble.” Marion—“That's so. Mrs. Hersomuch said only yesterday that he was worrled t style of Mr. Playlivly's vol d by the MILITARY GENIUS As Developed. by Washington at an Early Age. DR. TONER ON THE FORBES EXPEDITION Resulted in the Taking of an Im- ‘portant Western Post. DETAILS OF THE PLAN I N THE ARCHIVES of the War Depart- ment is a paper which J8 Papans one of the most char- ic productions r came from the pen of Gen. Washington. This is the opinion of Dr. J. M. Toner of this city. Forming a part of Dr. Toner’s collection in the Congressional Library is a photo- graphic reproduction of this document which gives Washington's plans for march- ing troops from the southern border of Pennsylvania through the unbroken wilder- hess to Fort DuQuesne, now Pittsburg. The circumstances surrounding the prep- aration of this paper are regarded by Dr. Toner as of sufficient importance to warrant the opinion that this event formed one of the most important mil- itary experiences in the early life of Washington, and had a pronounced besr- ‘| ing in an educational way on the future career of the Virginia surveyor. As Dr. “Toner has just given this epoch in Wash- ington’sife fresh study, In the course of his preparation of a monograph on the Forbes expedition, which is now in prog- ress, his views are of special interest, and the mention of them is appropriate at this time, when the anniversary of the birth of the first President is being celebrated. The date of the papers referred to Is in the fall of 1758. The great campaign plan- ned by Pitt, which was designed to sweep the French power from the American con- tinent, or ct least from encroachments on the north and west upon the English colo- nies, was then being carried out. A suc- cessful expedition had gone into Canada, and the great English statesman was espe- cially anxious that the stronghold of the French power at the source of the Ohio and at the gates, as it were, of the western country, should be captured. It was there- fore decided to fit out an expedition, and Gen. Forbes, an officer holding an English commission, was placed in command. Washington, who was cnly twenty-six years of age, was colonel, in command of the Virginia iroops. It was not his first service in the wilderness infested with In- dians, or in the interests of his native state, and therefore it must have been rec- ognized that his position as commander was a fitting one. Washington in Command. Washington, at the head of his troops, marcked to Cumberland, Md., where they waited orders. Gen. Forbes, who was in very feeble health, but with indomitable spirit, accompanied the army, although it was necessary to carry him on a Utter, and was at Raystown, now Bedford, a distance of about thirty miles frem Cumberland. The question of the best route in making the march @ Fort DuQuesne was a burn- ing one. Up to three years before only a trail through the wilderness had existed, that Braddock had improved, and had traveled over in his {ll-fated expedition of 1055. This road still existed, and was in condition to be used. Washington had ac- companied him, as well as having gone over the route on two previous occasions, and was therefore familiar with the coun- try. There was a desire on the part of the Pennsylvanians that a road should be opened up to the fort through the center of their state; and for this reason they fa- a more northern route. shington. went over to Raystown, and had a conference with Gen. Forbes and the other officers, and, as a result of this con- ference, Gen. Forbes asked his officers to submit plans @f how to conduct aw army through an unbroken wilderness in the ene- my’s country. In response to this request Washington prepared the papers, copies of which Dr. Toner has. His Detailed Plans. Washington favored the Braddock road for various reasons, but it was decided to hew. the way through the forest, and the upper route was selected. Gen. Washing- ton drew up, with a degree of minuteness and care that is characteristic, a pan of marching the troops, giving the formation of the line and the various details, as well as the number of men. With dotted lines Washington indicates the character of the formation which he thought ought to be adopted, as well as an order of battle. In the notes written on the margin of the paper Washington states that these plans are calculated for a forced march, with field pieces on! and not incumbered with wagons. Speaking of the plan, Washington adds: “It represents, first, a line of march, and, secondly, how that line of march may in an instant be thrown into an order of battle in the woods.” He then goes on to state how the various divisions the line should be sub- divided, so that “every commissioned offi. cer will have a party to command, under the eye of a subaltern, as the subalterns will have under the direction of a captain, &c."" Washingion further explains what effect his proposed disposition of the troops would have in case of an attack. This plan was approved by Gen. Forbes, and Gen. Washington was chosen to com- mand the right of the line, it being recog- nized by the ccmmanding general, as well as by his officers, that Washington’s expe- rience enabled him to grasp the situation, and that he was the proper man to take the lead in an expedition of so much peril. The progress was slow, as foretold by Washington, for the reason that it was necessary to make a road as they marched along. Council of War. “On the 1ith of November,” Dr. Toner states, “Gen. Forbes held a council of war at Loyal Hannon, where all the officers down to and including colenels were present, and the question being put to each was whether it was proper and safe for the army to march farther this season. Each officer's opinions were reduced to writing. ‘The final judgment was that it was inexpe- dient, owing to the inclement season, to at- tempt to proceed farther under the existing conditions. Two days after this determi- nation was reached Washington, when out on scouting duty, discovered a party of the enemy and immediately attacked them, kill- ing some and taking three prisoners—an Indian man and woman and an Englishman, who had been taken prisoner from Lancaster county more than a year before. “The taking of these prisoners proved the turning point which won success to the Forbes expedition, for when the prisoners were taken to camp and there carefully questioned, it was learned to the satisfac- tion of the general and all the officers that Fort DuQuesne was very weak in numbers and in an indefensible condition. “So that the determination of the counctl of war, held on the 11th, was reversed and Gen. Forbes determined to proceed without tents, with light baggage and with but little artillery. This resolve greatly inspirited the army. On the 15th of November Gen. Wash- ington set out, opening roads, establishing camps, sending out scouting parties and re- porting frequently during the day and night to.the general. The troops encountered no enemy in strength after leaving Loyal Han- non. - Pittsburg Abandoned. “Their camp on the evening of the 24th was about ten miles from Fort DuQuesne. Here they learned from scouts that a dense blown up, the destruction now being very ccmplete, as powder and ammunition to the extent of some thirty barrels remained un- injured. = “The skirmish in Which Washington took the three prisoners already referred to, and resulted in the rapid march on Fort Du- Quesne, was unfortunate only in the death of some fifteen Vi ‘soldiers, the troops firing on each other through mistake, each supposing the other to-be the enemy. It is deserving of mention that this is one of four several occasions in which Washing- ton’s life was placed in great jeopardy, and all occurred at or near Pittsburg, and each signalizing his devotion to the reclaim of the west. F =s “The first was when Washington was de- lberately shot at by an Indian while re- turning from Fort La ‘Boeuf in company with Christopher Gist ithe day before he reached the Allegheny river, mentioned in his published journal, The second in cross- irg the Allegheny river in the dusk of the evening in midwinter on a fra‘l raft when the stream was swollen and made addition- ally dangerous by floating ice. About two miles above the city on this perilous pas- sage he was thrown from his raft by ice into deep water, but from the fact that he was a good swimmer, and by the aid of Mr. Gist, he was enabled to regain his po- sition, but they were forced upon a small yisland.in the vicinity of. the ‘United,States arsenal, where they remained all night. From this circumstance the island 1s some- times called ‘Washington Island.’ By morning the ice had frozen so strong that they were enabled to reach the left bank and pursue their journey. “The third was in the battle of the Monongahela, knowa in history as Brad- dcck’s defeat, where he had two horses shot under him and his coat pierced by three bullets. The fourth was in the skir- m'sh with the enemy at Loyal Hannon re- ferred to, where he took the three prison- ers, “Reports from reconno‘tering parties soon confirmed the fact that the French and their Indian allies had destroyed Fort Du- Quesne and burnt the buildings around it and fied by water, part of the force going up the Allegncny and the remainder down the Ohio. Their heavy guns were removed from the fort, and ‘t was at first sipposcd they were concealed or thrown in the river, but they were, I believe, never discovered, so it is presumed that they were taken on boats down the Ohio. “A garrison was left at the fort, and the regular troops were sent back to the set- tlements to go into w'nter quarters. Wash- ington then returned east, reaching the set- tlements some time in December, and in January fo:lowing he was married.” gett BETRAYED BY A Burglar Who Forgot Business in Sight of One and Wax Caught. London Correspondence of the Paris Temps. ‘The English are proud of their watchdogs and it is known that many farmers rely upon the cackle of their guinea hens for the protection of their hen roosts, but in addition to all that Engiand has just af- forded an example of the safeguarding qualities of pi:m pudding. This urex- pected demonstration took place in a house on the Portsdown road, in the’ Maidavale quarter of London, belonging to Mr. Pres- ten, a surgeon in the navy. At about 9:30 o'clock in the evening a burglar got into the house through the cel- lar by trealeng the lock of the kitchen door. This burglar was George Donovan. He knew that the house was empty. The family were at the theater, and the serv- ants took advantage of t r absence to go on a vacation fur a few hours. Favored by these circumstances. Donovan had little trouble in reaching the dining room. There an enchanting spectacle was presented to his eyes. findu poet tells us the story A of the trigand of Dethi who, at the mo- ment when he was about to cut a hole in the wall of a house to get in and commit a robbery, h -d whether he would cut ft in the forma of a lyre or of a flower or of a bird. Gecrge Donovan was not absorved by any such occupations. He no- endid plum pudding, nin front of the tional dish, cut a huge slice of it and sail- ed in. The pudairg was delicious. Like Raggles, Donova uck ft rich. slice after slice, but wnforty a plum pudding ‘s not 7 quality that be the burglar neh pastr: in Iii covered a hot- ot whisky. his favorite. beverage. He remained at the table enjoying himself thoroughly for about an hour. on he be- came oblivious of his professional duties. In fact, he didn't know where he wi: he threw himself on the lixurious carpet and went to sleep with an unrufiled con- science. At about midnight he was found there, and was roused up by a policeman who had been called in. He admitted with- out hesitation his object, but he was leul in his praise of that pudding. Addressi Surgeon Preston, he seid he would I know if that picding was made in house of ment, because, he said, he never had tasted anything so deliciou wanted to taste it again. He before a police justice of Maryi committed him for trial. “All right, judge,” he said. “but. all the same, tha: was a fine pudding and first- the some copfectionery establish- before and he taken bone, who den, who is somewhat of a made a funny speech, glorifying h plum puading, which, as he said, not only punishes the imprudent with indigestion, but also, as this case plainly showed, protects the fireside and knocks out burglars. ——<es- A MOUSE STORY, ly Appeared Readily Showed No Fear. An Entire Fa at Call a From th A lady living in my house in the country anrounced to me one day that she had tamed a family’ of mice, consisting of a father and mother and seven young mouse children, who had made their nest in the partially decayed sash frame of the window in her first floor bed room, which had an opening on to the sill outside. She further stated that she could identify each of the members of this family, and could induce them to come at her call and feed out of her hand. These statements appeared so in- credible that I felt compelled to express my Cisbelief in them in the absence of personal proof of their veracity, and she therefore requested me to accompany her to her room, there to receive such evidence as would satisfy my doubts. I went and stood with her close to'the open window, and she called the mice by the names, “Jim,” ‘Tom,” “Jack” and so on, to which she asserted that she had accustomed them, and I saw them come, one by one, on to the window ledge, where they ate bread out of her hand, and subsequently out of my own, not timid- ly. but as if in full assurance of safety. On_the afternoon of the same day I had a smalf tennis party in the garden on to which this bed room looked. +My cousin, whose Christian name is Jim, was playing tennis, and several of the party, including myself, were sitting In the garden beneath the mouse window, when afternoon tea was brought out to us, and I called loudly, “Jim,” “Jim,” several times to communicate that fact to my cotsiny; At the third or fourth call something ran across the path, and one of the party impulsively threw his low hat at it, and killed what we found to be a mouse." ' ‘The mouse tamor was not of the party, and knew nothing of the occurrence, to which, indeed, none of us attached more than a passing importance. The next morn- ing, howéver, still in ignorance of the in- cident, she distressedly informed us that her little “Jim” had disappeared from her fam- ily, and that, although the others appeared as usual at her call, he remained absent; and I know that he never reappeared. 90 A Unique Overcoat. From the Spokane Review. S. N. Malterner of Spokane wears an overcoat that is bound to attract atten- tion, no matter where it is seen. The coat is made out of fur of an unborn musk ox. The coat is light in weight, and, were it not for the weight of the lining, would seem as though made of the softest down. The color is a light silver gray when the light ‘s upon it from one direction, and as soon as the light is shifted it turns to a clear gray. When seen under a light not very bright it hss the appearance of jet smoke had been observed at the fort, and} piack. Mr. Maltcrner says that it has at- shortly after other scouts reported that the | tracted so much attention in the eastern fort had been blown up and the buildings | cities that he had to lay it aside to keep burnt. A troop of light horse was sent|from being bothered answering questions forward to make discovery, and, if possible, | 28 to what it was and where he got it. extinguish the fire and save as much of Sas the ee or pues & ae sycilty Be ‘When She Sings. - might practical no ie evening of! = the 25th Gen. Forbes, following Washing. | 7"™ the sean ton and Montgomery's brigades, enterea| _Bimps—“Why do you suppose that Miss Fort eee ene Se re Squaller looks so sad when she sings?” chimneys sto show! where houses had| Limps—‘‘Out of sympathy for her hear- been burnt. The fort had been mined ard | ers. I imagine.” nets TAT Tey RAILROAD PROFITS Th Relation to the Agitation for Lower Street Car Fares, PLAN IN OPERATION IN DETROW Situation in Various Cities and the Possible Future. CORPORATE OPINION AYOR PINGREE went through the east recently, seek- ing information. He @elivered an address on the subject of street railways in Providence, which was quoted widely, and afterward he visited Philadelphia, Washington and New York, in search of facts about street railway — manage- ment in those cities. Mr. Pingree is the apostle of the three-cent fare. He inves- tigated the subject of street railway earn- irgs several years ago, and determined that in every large city it was possible to cerry passengers for about three cents each at a profit. As the street railway have the use of the public strects, vir- tually without cost in most cities, Mr. Pin- gree thought they ought to be satisfied with a fair return on the money invested in their lines, and that-where there has been any cheapening of the cost of opera- tion the public ought to get at least the greater share of the benefit. He fought it out on that line with the street railway moropoly of Detroit, and When that concern refused to accept his ideas, he interested capitalists, who started an opposition read. This road has been carrying passengers at the rate of 3 1-8 cents each for several months at a profit. Mr. Pingree’s observations in the large cities of the eaSt lead him to believe that the conditions are favorable there for the introduction of the Detroit scheme, though in many places the Detroit result will have to be reached, if at all, through legislation affecting the’ lines already in operation, rather than Wy the construction of oppo- sition roads, because the available thor oughfares are pretty well occupied by street railways. This is particularly true of Philadelphia. Washington is not so overrun, though there are railway lines enough to accom- modate the public cn all the principal busi ness streets. New York is so well equipped that it fs hardly possible to lay any more railway tracks in the streets, unless 5th favenue is to be sacrificed; and there is a popular feeling which will prevent this for @ great many years, probably. But Mr. Pingree believes lives in all these cities could reduc rate of fa charged, and make a profit on the money Invested. In Phi phia, for example, he found that one of the foundation companies in the Union Trac- tion Company was paying 60 per cent per annum, guaranteed, to its original stock- holders. S the existing the Under One Management. I had a conversation with Mr. cenily, in which I aske made any investigation of th land street railway monopoly w in Providence. All the street railways in that state are consolidated under one man- agement. In Providence.” said Mr. Pingree, “it owered the monopoly to exact sion of franchise whcnev iinprgvement or extension of tracks mude, and under this cumulative proc gree re- Ss | the monopoly can go on for eve it charges 5-cent fares and 3 and 2 cents ex- ransfers. But the forces are gath- that city in the shape of the s Men’s Association,’ of which Wm. s ‘ht is president, which will throttle the monopoly eventually. I asked Mayor Pingree to tell me what he had learned in Philadelphia, Washing- ton and New York on his recent trip “In Philadelphia,” he said, “they seem to be content to jog along at a 5-cent fare, when, as compared witn a city of the size of Detroit, they ought to enjoy a 2-cent fare, with universal transfers. en at a 2-cent fare the street car companies would make money. Washington presents the urdity of a line of herdics running at -cent fare alongside of a traction line charging 5 cents. New York is a city where all the cost of operation is paid with 11-2 cents fare, and yet the people of New Yerk pay 5 cents.” “Many of these lines in the older cities,” I suggested, “were constructed at a great expense, compared with cost of con- struction today. Do you think it possible fer them to earn a fair dividend at the 3-cent rate on this excessive investment? And do you think they should be made to lcse the difference betwecn the original cost and the amount which the same con- struction would cost today? In_ ot} words, do you think the company should earn only what is equivalent to a fair rate of interest on the present appraised value of the road, not including the value of its franchises?” “Construction of street railway lines was never as high as that 6f steam railroad: said Mr. Pingree. “Grading never cost a cent save in exceptional cases. The city maintains drainage. In great cities, it can be set down, construction charges were never excessive, and on the costliest con- struction a 3-cent fare will pay liberally in an average city. Add complete renewal to criginal cost and a 2-cent fare in New York will pay big.” Public in the Dark. “Street railways In some cases have not been profitable immediately. Do yon think the owners are entitled now to carn what would repay them for any losses in the past in add'tion to a fair return on the value of the road?” “I do not know of one instance in which street railways in such cases have not re- eouped at least four-fold,” said Mr. Pin- gret. “Besides, who knows whether they have made gains or loss: What city has ever had control enovgh oma st fs way to get at the secrets 7 fi Who can tell when a street rail into the hands of a receiver whet! or legitimate losses did the deed?" It is claimed by a great many authorities on street railway matters that a very large percentage of companies operating siret railways are now in th2 hands of receivers, or have gone throush a reorganization be- cause of their failure to jay intcrest on their stock investment at the prevailing five-cent rate of fare. I asked Mr. Pingree how he reconciled this siate of affairs with the three-cent proposition. “It was claimed] in Detroit for four years by street car authorities that it took four cents of every five cents to pay cost of construction and operation,” said he. “This was exploded and the three-cent fara is in successful operation now. ‘Do you think there is a paying business at the three-cent fare for both the com- panies now operating in Detroit?” “Decid@ily yes. When I was trying to get at what the companies really made some three years ago, and asked to see thelr bocks, it was refused. I tried the courts, and the courts decided the city had no right to examine the books. No street car company will ever show its books.” “Do you believe in municipal ownership of street railways? “I have not arrived at that yet,” said Mr. Pingree. “But I believe in the municipal ownership of tracks and the complete cun- trol of companies leasing tracks by the city government.” Effect on Investments. , TI asked the mayor if he did not think this a bad time to agitate a question which is going to affect the value of certain widely- held securities when there is already so much financial uncertainty in the country. “There is no bad time to agitate against a _bad thing,” he replied, emphatically. “Street car franchises have done more to corrupt cities than any other thi He is but a sorry person who does not know that bribery has entered into nearly every fran- chise in the United States. An excessive tax is a bad thing. Is it any worse for the holder of watered stock to lose than for HAS NEVER ONCE FAILED! Ps Paine’s Celery Compound Gave Mrs, Porter Back Her Strength, ‘These shar; are blamed nd thomsclves weal 1 out of health. Hund ef letters Vike the meions ate: wing from Mrs. Porter of New York city tell th will keep ons S great medicine bas kept aud influence from the weather, er blood and better fed nervons tis Pure, sues Will make people fecl well & ve used 1 found my thine 1 ay frionds Daring his im: work, Prof, Edw professer, bad in mind th wok and ren down. [is s f hard y persons who, Tam never wit io © in expressing & great work for to that me Paine’s ce m Irs, - people to endure a barbarously tax? Hut street car fare agitation w: y me s’X years ago.” Wstreet | rail companies there is no money in the long haul no “and as the haul ed as worthy dicates un ‘tors ure be present companies is of the syndicates is . and few will ant fare with a burden on for the use of the s ervice at the f x haul is a ret When a railroad is udditional passenger costs no fifty miles than o: Th in cities ence cuts no figur That the people Sf Detroit are wit ee is shown by hi He received am is first election, when F form of street reform, teme majority was 1 jected ufter his first stre mpaign by @ majerity of 2, and the last time ke ran i time he received more th of all the vot had to fight In step of h pr Mayer Pinerea. n hi projected IRGE GRANTHAM BALN. — WHAT IS FATIGUES | There Is m Degree of Physical Weart- 3 mess Which ix Dangerous. ¥ Youth's Companion. Fatigue ts the atural result of labor, < at ever} form. a ur ‘st extension franchise of the street railway mi of Detroit. The Fight in Detroit. When that extension was be te in the courts, the street railway ¢ engaged all but one of the best lawye Detroit, and the mayor had to go outside the city for counsel to fight the city’s ced periods porn. time 1 of the in there is somethi } and interesting. | that about one-t urs should be devoted to s Life is made up of a s | in which tle. He was defeated in the courts, grad succeeded in interesting the ca 2 r abou teen time who bi the new road, agreeing to cha while the vibrations the three-cent fare, and that ha or he sa anism may 1 to com- our hours. ching ex. Ss to 4 's rhythm, n 's of ten- are made to encroach upon those should be devoted to rest, when mus- nd nerve ali fatige ther exertion. lige of a kind know in the case of the and shert « the old road to Come down to the of fare. for both roads at the low rate cf fare is not shared by Edward E the street railway expert of > ew lieved a reduction of fare ti pany would result eventually in a fur reductioh by the new compan the old company, having the mos’ streets, would Command the bu: equal.rates of fare. The old would lose at the three-cent thought, and the new comp at anything less, or even at the thre rate if it had to take a small proj : In this way, he thought. the mpaiies would cut each oth and one, or both, might be forced | ind,’ | tinved pil fatigue oc ution to profes © results in nervous com| fare, | sult by from it i the term * tra’ times « ne, a& Mayor Pingree charges, that the plant of the Citizens’ railw Detroit, which is burdened with a bonded irdebtedness of $12,000,000, could be dupli- cated today for $300,000, and probs cost very little more than that sum, the will be very little sympathy w: cwncrs of gts securities If th road should fail through competition the new company. Still, it has been s recently by an authority on the plication of electric power that the amount | for which a road run by electricity could be duplicated today is no criterion of i sympt insomnia only in « fatigue. Habitual e is to be treat 14, 1650, cost, for the pioneer clectric put very costly machinery, which had to be | rded later for machine ich could be cperated at less expense, and the “du- plieate” value of a read represented in some cases ro more than half its cost. The Railroad Side. Mr. Higgins has studied the conditions in Detroit. “The new system,” he said rece ly, “occupies strects in the very heart of the city, radiating in somewhat zigzag routes from the business center to not more than three miles in any dir T know a lass In Norw Mei ful ho? Wet any tion. It is, therefore, in the best position to capture the short distance riding and it se it is not burdened with the long and thinly “Gn Sater Grown settled suburban lines of the older com-| 0. puny pany. Again, its contract with the ci a : expressly relieves the company from any € nse for maintenance of pavements or fer their first cost, except so far as pav ments are disturbed by their original ¢ ction or by repairs of track. ‘The city even bears the expense a foundation of inches of co low the company’s ties: in streets wh were unpaved at the time w: the were laid. The company ts relieved of taxation except the usual taxation on reai onal property. Under the ‘Alle the old company charg a five-cent fare, the new company carn a reasonable return on its ac investment, especiaily as it has had the ad- ventage of purchasing the most mod plant and equipment of every kind at the lowest prices which have ruled for r “But with both companies operai the low rate of fare, both must opera a less, the new Company because it has lost traffic and the old because, burdened as it is, it cannot carry its passengers at a three- cent fare with profit. Undoubtedly there will be some increase in riders due to the reduction in fares, but in all probability the increase will fail far short ef an amount per car mile sufficient to leave a fair margin over operating expenses. The inevitable outcome is financial 4! both systems. The result of this cu ecmpetition must be some form of armed truce which will mean a deterioration of r Service In an attempt to bring some sort of First Doctor—“Yes. It will cive him pneu- financial solvency out of disaste’ monta, and I made my whole reputatioy “The Detroit example, unfortunately, is curing that Se: enza!”