Evening Star Newspaper, January 25, 1896, Page 20

20 POLICE IN PARIS Why the Relations With the Peo- ple Are Strained. PECULIAR DUTIES OF PEACE GUARDIANS Mutual System of Espionage and Some of the Results. REVOLUTIONS ON TAP —_+—_—_. Special Correspondence of The Evening Star. PARIS, January 13, 1896. HE FIRST IMPRES- sion of the tourist is that the Paris police- man is a somber, melancholy person, whose chief duty ts to warn back cabs from running over tourists. The cosmopolitan sec- tion of the great city —the Paris Brilliant— appears to be so rich and gay, so clean and orderly that were it not for the great mob of caws, beyond imagination in their num- ber and their reckless driving, there would seem to be no need for a police at all. There are no drunken people, no quarrels, no lost children, no beggars, no fires. In- sulting ladies on the streets is scarcely a punishable offense when the insult is ac- complished politely. There appear to be no Joafers to move on. There really appears to be nothing for the police to do, except to help American ladics across the Place de YOpera. In the winter time the Paris policeman wears a heavy dark-blue cloak with a hood, and high boots into which he tucks his pan- taloons. His whole costume is dark blue, except his boots, which are black, likewise his shoes and belt. His buttons are silvered instead of gilt, and he does not wear white cotton gloves, like the policemen of Berlin. He carries a revolver in his pocket and a bayonet-sword at his side instead of a club. Seven out of ten Paris policemen wear sim- ple mustaches, never being smooth-faced,and the others wear mustaches plus imperiales, witht now and then an isolated beard. Their faces are always red on account of exposure In Crowded Thoroughfares. to the weather. They are rather muscular than fat, and rather young than old. They walk half slouching, without military bear- ing; their manner is curt and almost sullen. ‘They have a shifty look in the eyes. It therefore appears that the Paris police have little to do, and that they do it with- out enthusiasm. Both these first impressions are incorrect. if the Paris policeman looks like an idle, ill-natured sneak, it is because the role is ferced on him. He is not idle because he has nothing to do, but because he has done it all. He looks like a sneak because the regulations make him, above all, a tale bearer. He is sullen because he knows he is detested by the people. Fault on Both Sides. ‘The police of Paris are both detested and despised by the whole’ social fabric. The fault lies half..with each. The people of Paris, always a race by themselves, have always been complaining, arrogant, jealous. It has always been thought necessary to keep them down. They are so frivolous, encroaching and untrustworthy as indi- viduals that they must be ruled individual- ly, like children, watched unceasingly. ris, as a self respecting, well ordered city, may be compared to one of those fine, plump young women who look so trim while braced up in their clothes; but when the urpacking time comes, when the support: are removed the fatty mass sprawis like a quivering, shapeless jelly. The difference is | that Paris, so to speak, never takes off its ¢crset—and this corset is the police. How can you help despising a man whose whole Hfe {fs passed in running to tell mamma? Even if the telling do a world of good? The Paris policeman keeps a note- beok, and he is always writing in it. The putting up of an awning without authoriza- tion, the pasting up of an advertisement withcut authority, the climbing of a tree on the part of a small boy, the washing of a pavement out of washing hoyrs, the shak- ing of a rug out of the window, the attach- ment to one’s door of a private letter box of more than sixteen centimeters in thickness, these are examples of the material he has to work on in the writing up of his diary. The contravention, as a thing apart from matter of arrest, is the French hedge ground the law: “We understand by con- travention any material act, voluntary or not, which is contrary to a rule or ordi- mance of police. It is the duty of each g.ardian of the peace to make a report on every contravention he remarks in the course of his service.” (Guide-Memento of tke Police). The municipal regulations are extremely minute, as harassing to individ- Terrorizes the Servants. uels us they are salubrious to the commu- nity—and they are enforced. The police- men are made detectives, spies, tale- bearers, in the public interest, and did they cease their vigilance for 2 moment every individual Parisian would abuse the sit- uation, while bitterly complaining of his neighbors. Imagine the nursery of a fruiiful family without the constant pres- ence of the nurse to watch the little dears, and you will realize what Paris would be without the police; only, instead of slaps and hair-pulling, there would be burnings and barricades. The Complaining Citizen. The Parisians are so habituated to this domination of nurselike authority that they themselves are in the way of com- plaining constantly about the veriest trifies. Day before yesterday an American was ithely tripping up the Boulevard des ns, on his way to Monroe’s Bank to THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, JANUARY 25, 180¢~TWENTY-FOUR PAGES. On the Quiet. could find nothing in the book about mak- ing faces at little boys. The little boy be- gan to cry because his afternoon was being spoiled. The father insisted on a proces verbal. They tcok his complaint and his name and address, together with the Amer- ican’s regrets and his name and address, and the session was adjourned. Instead of being grateful to the police for taking care of them, the Parisians look askance and mutter, just as in the nursery. More than haif the actual arrests that take place in Paris are for “outrages to the po- lice.” Now, an outrage means only an in- sult. It may be by words, for example to say @ policeman, “Spy around!” or “Cow. “Are yeur boots perfumed?” It may be by acts, such as splashing a po- liceman with mud, whistling at him, or pretending to bump against him by acci- dent. To make a face at an agent, in- stead of at a little boy, means sure arrest. Public Report the Police. That things have reached this point be- tween the lower classes and the police—its measure being more than half the arrests of the year—is significant. The effect on both the people and the police is bad. The Policeman’s only friend becomes the wine merchant, who must curry favor with him; and even this coquetting of the two great forces of the city is impeded by the peo- ple’s spite and jealousy. Do three citizens of the quarter, returning late at night, spy a saloon keeper handing out beer to the two policemen on the beat, they glory in the discovery, and hasten, hot-footed, to denounce the thirsty agents the next morning. Anything to give pain! The duties of the Paris police are thus seen to divide themselves into two groups—the “signalizing of contraventions” and the Keeping of the peace. As a matter of fact, life is net as safe in Paris as in New York, Berlin or London. There is an average of two deaths by violence daily, and the po- | lice force is none too numerous. Of late, too, the authorities having to do with the police have been anything but united among themselves. The prefect of police is an officer of the national government; but the municipal council, which is social- istic and against the government, has a great deal to do with determining the | number and payment of the policemen. The great majority of the individual coun- cilmen are of the communistic type to at least this extent—that they bitterly resent the hapitual government interference with the afftsirs of Paris in general and the con- sequcnt curtailment of their own dignity in particular. : A member of the municipal council of Paris ought to be more honored than a deputy. Senators ought not to exist and the president should be a mere lay figure. All encroachments on the rights of wards and districts must be loudly protested against, city patronage should belong to the city, and the great metropolis of light should shine according to its own will and conscience. Municipal councillors are elect- ed on the expression of these sentiments, and in their constant touch with the peo- le the theme of the misdoings of the po- Fico is variously played on. Drunken work- ingmen who have been to the Poste or De- pot cry “Bravo!” Loafers and tramps, not to speak of the criminals, find their dearest sentiments echoed. A Singular Condition. The newspapers themselves, hampered by the gag laws of 1893, do what they can to slyly fan the. flame. Respectable laboring people look on the police as inquisitive, prying and interfering—interfering with free huckstering, newspaper selling, chick- en and rabbit raising, garbage throwing, hand-organ grinding, child labor in factor- Two Officers. fes, and what not. Above all, the con- stant insults offered by themselves to the lower classes are a real grievance. A state of things exists that can hardly be imag- ined in America. It is not a complaint against corrupticn on the part of the po- lice. It is a condition of personal strain between the police and people. The po- lice have the great central government back of them. They represent practically a for- eign power. The police are not afraid of being thrown out when complained against because the thought is always: “Oh, this is part of the general campaign against us”— “us” meaning the government, ie., the func- tionaries who remain in power, though names and leaders change. ‘he more picturesque and serious duties of the Paris police are therefore concern- ed with keeping down the people, who are being constantly educated against them. Not only policemen, but police magistrates, are always present at every theatrical rep- resentation. It is a formal regulation that this officer—the commissary of police—shall be present from the rising of the curtain to the emptying of the hall. No public meeting, for any -purpose, may be held, even in private halls, without twenty-four hours’ notice of the place and object of the mesting being given. Assemblages in the public streets, places or squares are rig- orously prohibited. And the mere “march- ing in troupes” is forbidden when such gatherings cause excitement—as they al- ways do. University students, who do about as they please in the Latin Quarter, are even prohibited from “demonstrating” and showing themselves, boy-fashion, in howling hordes in other parts of the city. The Case Milustrated. Three days ago it was the anniversary of the death of Blanqui, the communist, buried at the Cemetery of Pere Lachaise. A group of several hundreds of Blanquists (advanced socialists), headed by half a dozen municipai councillors and two depu- ties, had, according to law, signified their intention of marching to the grave of Blan- qui, to deposit a wreath of {mmortelles. Three hundred police, headed by Lepine himseif, were standing before the gates, waiting for them. The Blanquists had a red flag. They forebade it to enter the cemetery. The flag was not unfurled, and the troop promised not to unfurl it. Still So refused. The result was a free fight that assumed oieiming. propcetions, disordered a whole section o! city, cul- minating in wholesale bloodshed, but no arrests. At any other time, were the world not so excited with rumors of international war, this little manifestation would have made a column cable dispatch in all the papers. As it is, this is the first you may have heard of it. “manifestations.” Paris is a city of Whenever citizens of any class are offend- od by the authorities oF by public events which the authorities on themselves to ie siee goer at hana 6 were wd in motion, there 1a be a full-fledged riot. There has not been a revolution in France which has not begun by just such manifesting, and the Paris lice has learned its duty iu the matter when, ahe : rt oe pohengrin © opera of “ "was brought out for the first time in = Paris some four years ago, the Paris newspapers (who stand alone in the world as con- scienceless trouble breeders) nearly caused such a riot, which, had it not been nipped in the bud, was intended to have been en- ginee: <O catse a provocation of war with Germany. For days before the news- papers had published, in great letters, all the insulting things which the composer Wagner had said against France. Agath, two years ago, the Latin Quarter riots, which bade fair to cause'a revolution, were simply the result of a students’ manifes- tation of their displeasure at the condem- nation of some of their fellows for obscen- ity at a masked ball. Not Very Pupular. It is seen that the Paris police are not loved. They feel it ‘themselves and show their resentment in their bearing and con- duct. Their feeling is so quick in this mat- ter—like the sensitiveness of a wound—that the first instant’s glance at a subject de- termines their deportment toward him and fixes firm and fast all their subsequent action and testimony. Fér such as do not shrink from them, who respond to them in good-fellowship, without fear, irony, sul- lenness, reserve or resentment, they have treasures of indulgence. * The drunken man who can give an amus- ing excuse for his condition will be treated like a man and brother. He will not be ar- rested; he will be jocularly told that he is lucky to have so much good liquor in him and slyly joked about the headache he will have next morning. The dtunken man who turns gruffy or impatiently is marked for arrest. If he has not given cause for ar- rest, he will be egged on to it. The com- monest recrimination before the police cor- rectionelle runs something like this: oe a Policeman—“He called me ‘cow!’ ” Prisoner—“He called me ‘woman!” Or, Policeman—‘“‘He bit my thumb.” - Prisoner—“Because he was twisting my The twisted arm goes to prison, neverthe- less, for three mo:ths, while the wounded thumb is reccmpensed with money and a furlough. On account of the feeling against them Friend of the Concierge. the Paris police do not succeed well with the ladies. They are regularly extremely fine fellows physically, well calculated to please, and many a girl would be giad to have one were she not afraid of the ridicule of her friends. “Even their wives can’t bear the: is the commonest expression of contempt for loafers to call out on the street. They don’t need to say who. “Milk!” is another choice expression, re- ferring to the anarchist reproach of “cow!” the most serious of all insults to the police. These fine fellows, whose only faults are untruthfulress, spite, envy and bad tem- per, who are regularly as honest as the day, marry as they can. Effect of a Smile. 5 A half smile or a look of admiration from a pretty girl will put one of them in a charming humor all the day and con- sequently react to brighten the existence of all the citizens along his beat. The pos- session of a choice quarter of the city to patrol is the height of felicity. In the aristocratic quarters the policemen attain almost the suaveness of old family ser- vants. In the theater quarters they are constantly good humored. And the moder- ation of the police on such feast nights as ‘Christmas, New Year, the 14th of July, at carnival time, Easter and the rest—when, without loss of dignity, they may smile back at the people and permit them to go whooping and careering—suggests the thought that if a miracle could be accom- plished, if the hearts of both the people and police could be turned from mutual nagging, there would be a feeling of relief and contentment on all cides, and a great danger removed from the path of the pres- ent French republic. uel” STERLING HEILIG. — 100,000 BUFFALOES DIED. Driven Over a Precipice by a Furious Blizzard—Destructive Sand Storm. From the Denver Fleld and Farm. Near Cheyenne Wells is a long stre*ch of level prairie, which suddenly terminates in @ precipice, making a perpendicular descent of perhaps fifty feet to another plain be- low. In the winter of 1858 a great blizzard raged for several days. The snow was driven at a terrific rate before a nurricane of wind, and the buffalo were obliged, in self-preservation, to turn their backs and run with the wind. The result was that vast numbers of the buffalo were carrie® over the precipice, and their déad bodies were covered with twenty or thirty feet of snow. For many years people visited the spot to look at the bones, which lay in piles ten and fifteen feet high as far as the eye could reach along the precipice, and it was commonly estimated that 100,000 buffaloes found a grave on that fatal spot. Sand storms in those days were so de- structive that it was not unusual for freighters to lose their entire outfit. Dur- ing the prevalence of a storm no attempt was mado to move forward, and drivers cleared the sand out of the nostrils of the horses and oxen, as otherwise ‘he animals were threatened with death from suffoca- tion. A sand storm usually lasted only two or three hours, but its effects were felt for days: by men and animals exposed to the fury of the blast. A curious phenomenon :ioticed in dif- erent places on the plains was the ‘mmense excavating power sf the wind in a sand storm. There were areas of three or four acres where the wind scooped out the sand forty or fifty feet deep and whirled it away in the air. It seemed as if the work began at a central spot no larger than could be covered with a man’s hat. In. an incredi- bly short time a round hole would be ex- cavated. The wind then took hold in real earnest, and the probabilities were that an entire sand hill would be leveled down in the next thirty minutes. paeaiecleisiece Ee Making it Personal. 3 From the Cincinnati Enquirer. my! Mr. Ferry—“Greatness is all comparative. For example, an elephant four feet high would be called a cute little thing, while a rat of that size——” Mrs. Ferry—‘Yes, and $25 for a bonnet is @n enormous expense, but it ‘sn’t anything at all when you lose it at poker.” ———_+o+—___ No Response. From Truth. iter—-“"Any one down there?” Irishman—‘Yis, but ee’s dumb an’ deaf, fur I’ve bin axing was he down there yit fur an hour or more.” THRIFTY HAWAII The Sugar Gry Exooods All Formée! Yields, ACQUIESCENCE IN‘¢HE NEW REPUBLIC ee Irrigation Enterpiises Which Prom- au ise to Greatly “Increase Crops. - 22 1E KILAUEA’$ RIERY FLOOD 5 Special Correspondence of The Evening Star. HONOLULU, January 9, 1896. As foreshadowed in my letter of Decem- ber 2, the remaining-eight political prisoners were released on New Year day. Like all the rest, they are not fully pardoned, but re- leased on parole, subject to a labillty of be- ing remanded to confinement if suspected of fresh treasonable acti; ity. Practically they are free, and this closes a painful chapter of after effects of the insurrection of last year. It is one year ago today that the last en- gagement occurred in Manoa valley between the government forces and Wilcox’s party of insurgents. The latter escaped by an ob- scure trafl over the ridge into Nunanu val- ley, and scattered, Wilcox being captured in hiding on the shore a week later. He is one of the persons last released. While the year just closed has been one of Severe experiences, with cholera following the insurrection, it is conspicuously true to- day that public affairs are in a far more Prosperous and cheerful condition than they have been at any time since the overthrow of the monarchy. ‘There is an unwonted feeling of security, it being evident that now there is no farther thought of conspi- Tacy against the government. The attempt made by Underwood and Sheridan, now awaiting trial, to enlist royalists here in such a conspiracy, fully confirmed the fact already known that no one residing in these islands entertained any thought of farther attempts in that direction. Now that all the prisoners are set free, there is no far- ther painful grievance felt, and compara- lively gcod feeling prevails. Business is quite prosperous, and most people find employment, all of which favors public quiet. There has never before been so much building going on in this city. New cottages and larger residences have keen going up in unwonted numbers in all di- rections. A good number of business blocks have also been in progress of erection. Our chief industry, sugar, is unusually favored by advance in prices, mainly due to Cuban troubles, also to a favorable growing sea- son and a large increase of acreage. The coming crop is estimated at 190,000 tons, an increase of nearly 20 per cent over that of last year. The entire value of our exports for 1896 can hardly fall short of twelve mil- lions or nearly $115 apiece for every person in these islands. This implies a high degree of financial prosperity, and that is favorable to political quiet. Men do not like to disturb general business prosperity by conspiracies and insurrections. Our bitterest royalists want no rows these days. Reconciled Conspirators. A very satisfactory thing attending the late release of political prisoners was the very complete and seemingly hearty manner in which these last eight, as well as the former seven relegsedon Thanksgiving day, have signified their reconciliation of senti- ment with the government. All of them, each in his own way, wrote that they thor- oughly saw and regretted their error in at- tempting to overthrow the republic, and that they wished to give earnest and loyal sup- port to the government. This was a great deal for some of, them to avow, especially for such a man as the leading conspirator, Gulick, who had, .been an ardent partisan of that side for many years, and had ¢s- pecially distinguished-himself by the bitter- ness and violence of his lengthy statements printed in Col. Blount’s report. Gulick is hot a wholly unscrupulous man, nor desti- tute of pride of characterior sense ef honor, so that it is improbable that he would have abandoned his former.attitude merely as a pretense. It may be assumed that he, ahd his associates also,acted with a sincere ctn- viction that the monarchy was deservedly a lost cause, and.the republic was soundly worthy of allegiance. It is a genuine tri- umph for the government to have secured from its late enemies such a testimony to its worth. It is certain that there has of late been @ great mitigation of the extreme bitter- ness felt so long by. leading royalists. It is harder to say how the common natives feel. Their ignorance and general inca- pacity render their sentiments of little weight in public estimation, and they are naturally reserved in expressing their state of mind to other than their own class. There is no doubt a great deal of sullen conviction that the foreigner has got en- tirely the better of them, and that there is something very wrong about it all. The country was theirs—the Hawaiians; now the foreigner owns most of the property, and runs the government exclusively. It cannot be expected that the Hawaiians should generally be content with such a state of things, any more than poor Indian Lo is to see his ancestral domains in the Possession of whites. But, unlike the Squalidly wretched Indian, the Hawaiian was never so well off in wordly goods, or so comfortable in his way of living, as he is today. Although most of them are poor as compared with the whites, they live far better and own far more property than the lower classes of England or France. As compared with their condition of sixty years ago, they are all immensely opulent and luxurious in their habits. Natives Resent the Change. It does not follow that this comparative prosperity of the common native prevents more or less depth of resentment at the quite considerable political effacement which he feels. Really, he has all the vot- ing power he ever had, and more; but he is no longer represented by a native sov- ereign, which he cares for vastly more than to have an actual voice in the govern- ment. The Kanaka hes no republican tastes or yearnings for civil equality. He just wants the good, old-time native chief- taincy. Col. Blount was thoroughly accu- rate in his diagnosis of the Kanaka’s politi- cal disposition when he reported it to Mr. Gresham (p: 19) as having “no aspiration in it for the advancement of the right of the masses to participate in the control of public affairs, but an eager, trustful de- votion to the crown as an absolute mon- archy;” also as “blind devotion to arbi- trary power vested in the crown worn by @ person of native blood.” The mystery is how Mr. Blount or Mr. Cleveland should have imagined it to be compatible with the progress of American civilization in the Pacific to remand it back under the govern- ment of such a Polynesian race, which it had outgrown and sloughed off, As I have pointed out before, the deepest element of antagonist to the republic is in the numerous half-white population, who largely share the superior capacity and force of the whites, but who lose the social prestige which they,,had under a native monarchy, as bejng foremost among the Hawaiians. Now,they,are thrown at much disadvantage intg an, unqualified competi- tion with the whites, Who do not look upon them quite as equals focially. This change ig deeply resented by: this large class of the community, who accordingly have been the bitterest roya alist With them gener- ally symabathises every white man who has children of that j¢lass, whom he con- ceives to'suffer by the change. Really they do not so suffer, bepause that now the half-white, being. deprived of factitiot Promotion, is obliged ito depend upon char. acter and cultivatedability for advance- ment, and is impelled to wholesome effort and genuine improvement, and thus escapes the -lately too Coauaa wreck of charac- ter. 3 Troublesome English. As also indicated before, another prin- cipal element of antagonism to the repub- lic is that of a majority of the English residents, who resent the dominating in- fluence of Americans in public affairs, and are especially opposed to the annexation to the United States, which is the avowed aim and policy of the republic. They pa- triotically desire Hawaii, if not to become a British colony, which would be best of all, at least. to remain independent, with the strongest probability of an early pre- dominance of British influences, as com- merce increases, with steamers mostly un- der the British flag. All these elements of antagonism to the republic of Hawall, as above enumerated, are not likely to sub- vorable f¢ Political situation is the quite satisfactory ora atures ee stot th imsurrec- ures, out e tion in January: and from the cholera in September had seriously depleted the treas- ury and bills against the government re- mained unpaid for three or four months. Treasury sened by the injury to commercial business, which was more or less suspended at the time of those disastrous occurrences. It is most satisfactory to report that the treas- ury is now completely replenished and all Mabilities fully met up to date. The rapid- ity of this improvement is due to the fact that a large proportion of the taxes are collected in the month of December. Hav- ing once made up the deficiency, however, the treasury is likely to keep even here- after and to gain a surplus as before. The only unsettled claim of the British government in behalf of its subjects in- volved in the insurrection is that for Col. V. V. Ashford, who had been convicted of misprision of treason, but afterward re- leased on account of ill heaith, on condition of leaving the country. He has remained in California. The law advisers of that government on reviewing the evidence at his trial held that it was insuflicient for conviction, the chief witness being Now- lein, who was state’s evidence and a con- federate in the crime, although his testi- mony was circumstantially confirmed by several others. A strong corroboration was Ashford’s commission by Liliuokalani as associate justice of the supreme court, not- withstanding his fearful vilification of her @ year and a half previous, to be found more particularly on pages 207-8 of Blount’s report. She evidently was paying @ high price for his admitted military skill. Ashford to Be Released. To this objection from London Mr. Hatch replied by submitting some new evidence in the form of a very strong affiJavit by a well-known native woman long in intimate relations with Ashford. This testified to his being thoroughly involved in the con- spiracy, giving much characteristic lan- guage used by him, such as the woman could not possibly have invented herself. This additional testimony has, however, also been rejected, on the ground that the Same Witness at the trial had strongly tes- tified to his innocence, For some reason she has latterly become hostile to him. All that the British government asks is the remission of the sentence. For the sake of amicable settlement this will doubt- less be accorded, and Col. Ashford will soon be at liberty to return to Honolulu. His brother, C. W. Ashford, a former cabi- net minister, being a naturalized Hawaiian, could not appeal against his stern subjec- tion to exile. He is fully believed ty this government to be in confeieracy with the conspirators, Sheridan and Underwood. They are particularly averse to having him return here on any conditions. It has generally been accepted as a fact that about all the jands available in these islands for raising sugar cane had ulready been occupied and that hence no very great augmentation of the annual yield was to be hoped for. It was plain, however, that there were remaining hundreds of thousands of acres of excellent soil adapted to other productions. Large tracts on Hawaii hav- ing abundant moisture were too rough and rocky for cane, but admirable for coffee. Elsewhere were excellent lands receiving insufficient moisture, since cane needs about eight inches of water a month all the year round. From time to time facili- ties for irrigation have been improved and systems of ditching and piping have con- veyed streams to remote and arid tracts, which are now smiling in the rank verdure of sugar cane. Elsewhere huge steam pumps lift water from 100 to 200 fest, re- claiming other half desert lands. It is really difficult to say where these improve- ments will be arrested by insuperable cb- Stacles. A new sckeme is now mooted, which is not unlilfy to add 60,00) tons a year to the sugar crop of Oahu alone or over thirty per cent to the whole yield of this group. Irrigation Schemes. Between Pearl harbor and the northwest shore of this island lies a remarkably smooth tract, about half of which is a quite level region, from 600 to 850 feet above the sea. It is bounded by a mountain range on each side, and slopes off rather gently to either shove. Much of the soil is of superior quality. It :s certain in the future to be devoted to agriculture, since there is in most winters.ample moisture for the production of crops maturing in from three to five months. During half the year the lower levels are quite arid and the upper levels scant of rain, so that sugar cane is appar- ently out of the question. At the shores, however, at either border are enormous quantities of water escaping into the sea from springs. A moderate estimate counts the supply ample to irrigate 15,000 acres of cane, or enough for an annual crop of 60,000 tons. The water could be impounded by dykes along the shores, or could be taken from artesian wells, lying acres at Ewa Pearl loche. But no one has supposed that this water at sea level could be profitably lifted 400, 600 or 800 feet. There was the land, and close by was the water to make it fruitful; but to unite the two seemed as impractica- ble as to bridge the Pacific ocean. Now, to our surprise, we are being told that it can be done. Mr. B. F. Dillgham, our great railway promoter, announces that leading pump manufacturers “have supplied figures and specifications, with guarantees, for wa- ter to be raised to a height of 650 to 850 feet (with coal at such price as it can be sup- plied on this island) at a cost that will make eaten good soll profitable at the lowest price as ever netted th producer on these islands.” oe If the waters now running to waste on the shores of Ewa and Waialua can thus be united to the best parts of the fifty thousand acres of level upland lying between it means a trebling of the sugar product of this is- land of Oahu, and a not distant doubling of its population. When annexation takes place the importation of contract laborers from China and Japan must cease. Ameri- can and Huropean farmers will come in and cultivate sugar cane on shares for the mills. Those cool, breezy uplands will make de- lightful homesteads for such a population. Less than half the lands can be supplied with constant irrigation. With forty or fif- ty inches of winter rains, the larger half of the district will be adapted to farms for raising hay, vegetables, maize, oats, fruit, poultry and dairy products. For these the sugar plantations will create a large home market. Besides this, not less than a mill- ion tons of shipping are likely annually to frequent Pearl harbor after the Isthmian canal is opened. The prospective farms will be in the immediate vicinity, and will find a as is done for 2,000 low- plantation, just beyond large market for their products from these’ ships. It is one of the advantages of Pearl har- bor that it is not only favored with cool breezes and the best of ffesh water, but is central to a splendid farming district, where the voyagers can refresh themselves. An- other quarter century must witness great and most interesting changes in that beau- tiful region. Meantime, we are hoping for speedy cable connection, an early removal of the bar at Pearl harbor, and, not least, the not very distant cutting of the Nicara- gua canal. Annexation we regard as com- ing soon, as a matter of course. Kilauca’s Eruption. I am particularly glad to be able to re- port that our chief natural object of in- terest, Kilauea volcano, after thirteen months of quiescence and cooling off, has resumed business in great force. Instead of broad, surging lakes of fire, such as throngs of visitors have for so many years been viewing awe-struck and fascinated, there has been left for thelr inspection these past months only a hideous black abyss, from which ascended thin films of sulphury vapor, with here and there red hot rocks to be seen in deep fissures around it. This ragged pit, from which the white hot lava that filled it had quietly sunk away in December, 1894, was about 1,400 feet in di- emeter and 500 feet deep, contracting below to the mouth of a dark shaft some ‘feet in diameter, leading down into the plutonic depths. It was expected that the bright, fearful flood would soon pour up again through this outlet, as it always had done after a short rest in its Tartarean’ home. But Manager Lee of the Volcano House had Ae nearly discouraged at the long de- lay. At 11 p.m. of the 8d instant a light was seen on the clouds above the pit. It stead- lly increased during the night to a great illumination, so that it was clearly ob- served in the town of Hilo, thirty miles away. By morning the returning lava was well up in the shaft, and during the day it reached the top of it, forming a boiling lake of 200x250 feet in dimensions. It will evidently, as it rises, spread out over the widening area of the pit, which is 1,400 feet across at the top. The lake as last: report- e@, on the 4th, was about 450 feet or more below the upper rim of- the pit. The pres- ent return is quite similar to tha: in 1891, which was over two years in filling the pit s0 as to overflow. The pit now, how- ever, has less than half the area it had at that time. Past ce thoroughly jus- tifes the expecta: St Re flood will on ratng some it overtops the rim that central pit call- ———_—_ BREAKFAST CONVERSATIONALIST. Such a One Exists in Literature, but. Not in Real Life. From the Rochester Post-Express. A writer in the Buffalo Courier represents some one as asking this interesting ques- tion: “Did you ever know any one who could converse brilliantly at breakfast?” The question is a good one. Why, indeed, should Tot conversation be brilliant at the break- fast table, when the brain is fresh, yester- day’s worries have zll been slept over and today’s have yet to come? And were not the genial “Autocrat, Professor and Poet” speakers at a breakfast table, where surely the conversation was nearly akin to bril- Nancy? There are other books that give, #s early morning talk, conversations which their authors think worth printing, and now and then in the journal or the letters of a great man there is a reference to a break- fast table discussion. Yet, what one of us has ever really come in contact with brilliant talk at 8 a.m.? The very fishballs and buckwheat cakes are humble, lowly, reassuring viands that some- how do not inspire the eloquence that comes with the pungent flavor of the venison, the cool self-confideace suggested by the orange ice, the epigrammatic terseness of the af- ter-dinner coffee, the genial sunniness of the fruits and the sweetness of the candies. Even clothes make a difference, for more or tess we always talk on the level of what we wear—unconsciously, perhaps—and it is one thing to eat with a watch in your hand and the work before you, and another with the watch in your pecket and the work ac- complished—which is the difference to most men between their breakfast and late din- ner. We are reminded, to be sure, that there are social functions known as “breakfasts,” and the talk must be somewhat interesting and clever or they would have long ago died out. But these “breakfasts” take piace at noon, and the buckwheat cakes and fish- balls have been privately and individually served to the guests some hours before, and so these are breakfasts in name only. There is, too, another evidence that the enimal rature has the better of the spirit- ual usually at the breakfast hour in the cir- cumstance that the French, who could not bear to be conversationally dull at a meal, take the first one of the day in bed! How very clever they are; and what a repute- tion fcr unfailing geniality, quickness and fascination this one custom perhaps has given to them! We believe that the most glowing description of a brilliant talker would be that he (or she) was so at the breakfast table. ———_--e-+___ HORSE SWAPPING IN GEORGIA. A Lively Scene on the First Tuesday of Each Month. From the Carrollton (Ga.) Times. Did you ever attend a real first Tuesday horst swapper convertion, and wade around in the mud and -listen to the swagger ard bluff indulged in by the devotees of the boneysrd? -Did you never take a survey of the limping, halting cavalcade of four- f{cr-a-penny stock, of which you can never see one so hed but that another is worse, all drawn up on first Tuesdays to be Bwap- ped? Then, dear reader, you can tolerate a brief pen picture of a real horse Swappers’ cervention, where liquid stimulants are re- quired to give gab as well as cheek to the trader. Judgment is rot so much requir- ed, as there is hardly a bare possibility of joss in any transaction that may occur. “How'll you swap?” cries one would-be trader with a limping jade with both bow legs and knock knees, and of such stock the more @ man owns the poorer he is. “Right,” is the answer of another trader with a sway-backed, big-legged shadow that couldn’t chew a lump of mush. “Come this way and swap for the gray mare, just nine years old (none of them are older than nine). I want to trade her for a horse.” And if such a trade is made, in three minutes that man is shouting a Proposition to trade that horse for a mare ora mule + «© «\ Whips and spurs are in constaat demand to keep awake or induce a stir among the stacks of bones that wearily di on exhibition, where every apology for any defects that may be apparent. The spavin-legged, hobbling skeleton of a horse, it is explained, fell through a bridge a few days previously and slightly injured his limb, but of course will be all right in a day or two. The sweenied shadow is tender- footed, if bare, and pricked with a nail, if shod, while some better-looking horse, doc- tored up for the occasion, but which in all Probability 1s not worth the club it would take to knock him in the head, is represent- ed to be hopelessly afflicted with every dis- ease that horseflesh ts heir to. By such representation the real condition of the horse is adroitly concealed, and a “go back,” as they call it, for cheating, is estopped, because the horse was mepresent- ed to have every conceivable complaint, though his appearance did not indicate it. All sorts of jeers are thrown out with the shouting banters that are heard every- where, such as, “‘How’ll you swap that race herse for a pint of peanuts?” or, “How much boot will you give between that stump sucker and a bee course?” These sallies are given good-naturediy and received in the same spirit. Horses are exchanged for pocket knives, pistols, watches, sulkies, dogs, anything. Last Tuesday one man exchanged his ioe for @ cow, and, saddling her up, he mounted ard rode around, bantering others for a trade, with as much complaisance as ever. — Niagara Falls daily, ex~ 10:30°4.M. for rie 710 P. i. for Nallamapert, aeetar Washington se! 10:40 P.M. for Erie, Canandaigua, Rochester, But- falo and Niagara Halls daily, ‘Sleeping Car ‘Wash- fon iis PHILADELPHIA, NEW YORK AND THB a} ree 10:00, Pb i245, Fee tis Pat 0-05, 10: 3:4 i E 0 For da: “5 For Anna, 7:20, 9:00 AM., 32:15 and 4:20 P.M. dally, ‘except Sunday. 9:00 A.M. Atlactic Coast Line. “Florida " for Jack- souvilio and St Augustine, 10:48 PAL, week Express for Richmond, ints on Atlantic Coast Line, 4:30 A.M., 3:46 P.M. daily. Richmond and Atlanta, 8: . daily. ‘mond only, 10:57 wi . Accommodation tico, 7:45 A.M. and <2) Pal. week age oe For Alex: 4:30, 6:3, il A. E £30, nd 1! P.M. 3 Leave we Alexandria for Washin: 8:23, ‘b:06, ‘b-u0, and M. AM., 2 Ticket offices, station, 6th and B sts., where left for checking of baggage to destination from hotels and residences. 8. M. PREVOST, J. R. Woop, oan Manager. © General Passenger Agent. SOOTHERN RAILWAY. rt Line.) edmout Air Schedule in effect January 6, 1896. All trains arrive and leave at Pennsylvania 1 Passenger Station. 8:00 A.M.—Daily—Local for Danville. Connects at for Strasburg, daily, except Sanday, and at Lynchburg with the) and Western daily, and ‘with © & 0. daily for Natural ‘Bridge and Cilfton Fe be 11:15 A.M.—Dafly—The UNITED STATES FAST MAIL carrics Pullman Buffet Sleepers New York and Washington to Jacksonville, uniting at Char- lotte with Pullman Sleeper for Ai aso Pull- man Sleeper New York to New gomery, connecting at Atlante Sleeper’ for Birmingham, Memphis sod St. Louis, 401 P.M.—Local for Strasburg, Cally, except junday. 4:51 P.M.—Datly—tocal for Charlottesville. 10:05 P.M.—Daily—New York and Florida Short Line, Limited, Pullman Compartment and Observa- tion Sleeping “Cars, New York to St. Augustine; Pollman Drawing mm Sleepers, New York to Tampa and Augusta; Vestibuled Day Coach, Wash- ington to St. Augustine, and Dining Car, Salisbury, ine. 1 -M.—Dally—WASHINGTON AND SOUTH WESTERN VESTIBULED LIMITED, composed. of Pullman Vestivuled Sleepers, Dining Cars and Day Coaches. Pullman Sleepers New York to Asheville and Hot Springs, N.O.; New York to Memphis via w York to New Orleans via At- tgomery. | Vestibuled Day Coach Washington to AUanta, Southern Raliway Dusing Car Greensboro” to Montgomery. ‘TRAINS BETWEEN WASHINGTON AND ROUN HILL leave Washington 9:01 A.M. dail; P.M. daily, except Sunday, and 6:25 iy and 4:45 ‘P.M. Sun- and 3:00 P.M. daily from Round daily, except Sunday, from Hern(: . Caily, except Sunday, from Leesburg. ‘Through trains from the south arrive at Washi ton » 0:45 AM, 2:20 PM. and 9: P.M. daily." Manassas Division, 10:00 A.M. dally, except Sunday, end 8:40 A.M daily from lottesville. ‘Tickets, Sleeping Car reservation and information furnished at offices, 511 and 1300 Pennsylvania ave- Bue, and at Pennsylvafia Railrosd Passenger St=« tion. 'W, H. GREEN, General Superintendent. a. ic Manager. BM. CULP, ‘rrafic “Manag 5 mera. LS. BROWN, Gen. Apt Pass. Dept, BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD. Echedule in effect December 1, 1 Leave Washington from station corner of New Jersey avenue and © st. For Clicago Northwest, Vestibuled Limited trains 11:30 a.m., 8:20 p.m, For Cincinnati, St. Louis and Indianapolis, Vesti- buled Limited 2.45 p.m., Express 12:01 night, For Pittsburg and Cleveland, Express daily 11:80 a.m. and 8:40 p.m. Fe ton and Stauntcn, 11:30 a.m. je ‘or For Winshester and way stations, *5.30 p.m. For Luray, -Natural Bri it M and’ New through. ‘Orleans, Osu 4:32, 25x 1 mre} = For Annapolis, 7: 83 12:16 and 4:28 adios, Eregerick. 19:00, *0:80, 11:80 a.m, 1:18, ‘own, *11:30 a.m. and *5:30 m., 2 pan, 2. ‘asbington Junction and 0:15 pm. Express Tray, points, 103 trains, stopping al . °6:20 p.m. FOR NEW YORK AND [LADELPHIA. All trains illuminated with pintsch light. For Philadelphia, Ser Kort Boston ‘and the 7 Dining tions ‘only, 3) East, week diys (7:00, Dining Car), 3:00 (10:00 a.m Dining Car, 11:80 280, Dining Cap, 8:00 Dining Car),’ 8:00 p.m. (12:01 night, Si 10:00 o'clock). Sanday m., Dining Car), (12 9, ©: Dibing Car), Sito a i ‘open for passengers 10:00 p.m). Parlor Cars on all day trains. 10: D0 sat 11:30 a.m., 12:80 2 m. FSundays only. eeping Buffet For Atlantic City, p.m, Sundays, 4:55 &. ‘Except Sunday. xExpress trains. calied for end checked from hotels and Baggage residences by Union Transfer Oo. on orders left at Ucket ofces, 619 Pennsylvania avenue northwest, New avenue and 10th street and a . ELL, CHAS. 0. SCULL, B B. CAMPB! . 0. = Manager. Gen. Pass. agt. The Grunt of the Pig. From the North American Review. The continual grunting of the pig is of interest as revealing something of the con- ditions of life of his wild ancestors. A herd of swine scattered in the long grass or among the brackens of a European for- est would soon lose sight of one another. But the grunts of each would still adver- tise his presence to his neighbors, and so the individual members of the herd would not lose touch with the main body. Then there are grunts and grunts. If one of my readers will imitate the ingenious Mr. Garner and take a phonograph to the near- est pigsty he might get material to make up a book on the language and grammer of the hog. However thick the jungle, the wild pig could, by taking note of the pitch and emphasis of the grunts to right and left ci him, tell pretty much what his hid- den colleagues were thinking about. ———+o+—___ Love and Duty. From Life. He—‘Your father advises me to invest my fortune in Wall street. It would be Politic, I suppose.” “No, don’t you do it! After he had won all your money he'd never let us marry.” In Time of Peace Prepare for War. From Harper's Bazar. “Better take "em both, mister. This Ven- ezuelan war's gein’ to make.dogs skurce. Durin’ the last war in France them Paris folks paid four an’ five dollars a pound for Gog meat.” CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO RAILWAY, Schedule in effect November 17, 1895. Treins leave daily from Union Station (B. and P.), Gth and B sts. ‘Through the grandest scen the hendvomest and most comp ice west from Washington. 2:25 P.M. DAILY.—“Cin-innati and St. Lonis Bnecial “Soild Vesttiuled, Newly Equipped, leo. tric-lighted, Steam-heated’ Train. Pullman's finest sleeping cars Washington io Cincinnati, [1 and in America, with jete solid train serv- ianapolis St. Louis daily. “Dining Car from’ Washington. Arrive” Cincinnati, "8:00 ™.; Indianapolis, 1 m.; St. is, 6-45 p.m.; m.; Louisville, 11:50 a.m. (via Cincinn: att. 11:10 P.M. DAILY.—The famous “F. F. V. Lim- ited.” A solid Vestituled train, with Dining oar and Pullman Sleepers for Cincinnati, Lexington ai Louisville without change. Pullman Sleeper Wash- ington to Virginia Hot Springs, without changa, ednesdays and Saturdays. Arrive Cincinnati, .m.; Lexington, 6:00 4 Y 40 3 Lex p.m. eas ‘Guicago, "29 ‘a.m. and Hot § Bects in Union for_ al {007 AM, EXCEPT. SUNDAY Comfort end Norfolk. Only rail line. P.M, DAILY.—Express for Gordonsville, ‘Waynesboro’, Staunton and ginia points, daily;’ for Richmond, daily, locations nnd tickets at company's of fices, 513- and 1421 Penneyivania avenue, n018 General Passenger Agent. COMMISSIONER OF DEEDS, ee es ge DEEDS AND MOTARY EUR. states erritories a SPECI r rp vans Office (basement), 1321 Fee ways in office, office hours, myll-tt CHARLES 8. BUNDY, COMMISSIONER OF DEEDS, ‘Of al! the States and Territories. 317 4% at. nw. (new Equity building). GelT-tt JOHN EB. BEALL, JOHN BE. MITCHELL ‘Commissioners for every state and terri missioner, Notary Public. United Stater Com: . Notary ic, its tates: Oitice, 1821 F st. (rst floor). ——— DENTISTRY. DENTAL INFIRMARY, DENTAL, DEPT. OF University, Ht st. ow. 0. from 1 to 5 p.m. All operations cost of the material used. Extracting free 431-tf x, pen, day tron io to if au, oh teas Oe: } _ frees Alo ty tb day, e281 ATTORNEYS. CAMPBELL CARRINGTON, ATTORNEY-ATLAW, - Webster Law building, 505 D st. n.w., Washing: D.C. Residence, Fata, ee) ton, D. . ‘No. 8 Mount Vernon New York ave. aud 9th st. n.w.