Evening Star Newspaper, October 6, 1894, Page 18

Bliitiity THE EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1894—TWENTY PAGES. =e THE PARIS POLICE Guardians of the Peace Much De- rided by the Public. STILL THEY ARE INCORROPTIBLE Many Little Things They Have to Watch and Report. OFFICIAL TALE BEARERS Correspondence of The Evening Star. PARIS, September 26, 1804. HE COMMON Paris policeman is practically incorrupt- thle. He ought to have that praise, whatever else be said against him. Wheth- take a bribe, and as for levying black- mail he would trem- ble at the thought of it. He may not even include “an offcr to give or receive a Present in reward for the performance of an act of one’s fuuctions, even though just and proper.” (Code penal, art. 177.) The macy that it ts hard to say exactly where the ones begin and where the others end. ‘The law, which has instructed him that way, has made him touchy of his dignity, @ touchiness which meets with daily in- femmation from the veiled contempt and Gisiike he must bear from the great Paris bite. The force is poorly paid and un- manned and overworked. Though cyn- nd curt they are not impolite. They walk taciturn and moody, showing nefther forwardness nor curiosity. By rule their conversation with the public is confined to answering questions. Yet in the Paris papers it is a daily commonplace to see gmeers the police. The comic iliustrated journals represent them with pretentious manners, stupid, cruel, ridiculous. When quarrels between customers arise in the cafes the first cry of the guest ts “Pas @agents! Pas d’agents!” ever @ policeman hurries an ar- Festeu man along the street he will be fol- lowed by a hum of disapproval. After last Year's students’ riots, when the undoubtedly did lose their heads, suc! _— as the Courier Francais and ilius- tors like Willette had pictures of police- men daubed with blood and laughing at the = of bleeding wcrc icers were represents swinging chil- dren by their hair, running girls through with their sabers, Gisemboweling dogs and sawing off-men's heads. It was frightfully unjust. There was but one man killed in all the riot and very few were seriously in- dured. Justifying When Frederic Passy, a Faid on insoumises street giris, made at the istigation of kis Anthony Comstock-like Society, Contre la Licence des Rues, by the As Pletured in Paris. Police des moeurs, said, “It 1s not the nude that we prosecute, it is the retrousse,” there came a picture out with those words for a title, showing a brutal officer, in plain clothes, dragging a wretched girl along the muddy street, her skirts deranged and showing her poor stockings, with the phrase added: “see now, that Is retrousse!”’ All this contempt works on the Paris ceman. He must maintain his dignity. 1@ law gives him the right. He uses it. If he becomes a kind of schoolboy tell-tale, it ts the fault of the Paris public and the rules of his superiors. For example, a negro servant, fresh from Algiers, speaking no French, @ bundle on the street. An agent picked {t up, ran after him and gave it bh “Sale veau!” “You liceman, wounded t e quick, toa it turned out that a fellow servant, also from Algiers, had told the negro that “Sale veau” meant “Thank you very much.” His innocence, however, did not save the @arkey from the station house till all was cleared up. “Outrages” to guardians of the peace may be (1) by words, including gross expressions, such as “Fri tato!” “Go, y around!” or “You are a false mt by menaces, as spattering an officer with mud, intentionally, or whistling or hooting after him. or shaking the fist in his direc- tion: @) by declaring, for mere sport or Gerision, that ap officer ts guilty of a fault or a neglect, (4) by challenging an of- ficer to fight a duel. Al! such malefactors should be taken to the commissary, “to whom the guardian of the peace should Signalize exactly all the elements which eharacterized the injury.” Their Tell-Tale Function. ‘This go-tell-mamma tendency ‘s the most characteristic as it is the most unlovable trait which marke off the Paris policeman from those of our own dear land. It runs through all his ways and works. His regu- jJations force him to it. And he follows all “bis regulations with a wooden-headed, mili- tary fidelity. The regulations are exact and logical. Yet some of them seem laughable, as being in the nature of schoolmastering the public. “Run tell mamma!” This ts the first rule of the Paris agent. It is the duty of the policeman on the Deat to tell the commissary whenever a maison d’accouchement or a licensed mid- wife bezins to take in boarders without the clal authorization of the prefect. It is the duty of the policeman on the beat to in- spect bath houses, to see if they have a dis- tinct side for men and another for women, | fie 8, 1881. to see tf the doors of the cabins may be med from the intertor in case of suffoca- m, if there be an electric bell-call beside each tub, and soon. He must tell the com- missary if @ grocer roasts coffee on the sidewalk, even as an advertisement. Hi must tell if any shop along his beat exposes keys for sale without thelr locks. He must f any one shakes rugs outside his win- @ow. He must tell the commissary if a shop puts tables or boxes on the sidewalk which to show off goods. In each case business ts conined to telling the com- Missary of polices. tle has not a word to | @ay to the law-breakers personally. As to the state and city revenue, he has @ special dutf of talebearing. Matches, gun- powder and tobacco are the pectliar prop- erty of the state government. No one may guake them but the state. No one may sell em but the state. Therefore, each police- non his beat must keep his eyes wide pen for illicit selling. The only authorized sellers of matches and tobacco are the em- Ployes of the bureaux de tabac, shops owned the state. To be appointed to a tobacco- selling shop ts @ political reward. The gov- ernment works supply the tobacco and the ploye has a commission on his sales. All fie tobaceo tg the same and ail the prices re the same, all over France. Special ols educate the officers of the tovacco nopoly, who are all experts. In conse quence, France has the worst tobacco in the world, without exception. As to playing cards, there is a special tax on them, which brings their price way up and their quality way down. Since 1816 it has been forbidden to manufacture play- ing cards without the authorization of the The sale or use of other cards must be “signalized” to the commissary by the policeman on the beat. Even cards which have originally paid the tax may not be sold as second-hard, when used. The seal of the pack once broken, you must keep them or throw them away. This principle, for revenue only, has been stretched so far to break up the infant industry of a very promising stock company. ‘The Revenue Laws. ‘The city revenue must also be watched over by the common Paris policeman. No one may run errands in Paris unless he has paid a license and has a medal with a number. No one may beg or sing upon the streets for money without paying a license and having a beat assigned him. No one may have a newspaper stand upon the street. A company has bought the right of erecting the newspaper kiosks, which they rent out to deserving old women, not of their own choice, but who are appointed to be kiosk-keepers by the state government. Finally, bicycle riders pay an annual tax of $2 each to the municipality. If a police- man suspects that a rider has not his ticket, he should “signalize’’ the fact. There is another state revenue, from ad- vertising posters. Each advertisement Pasted on the walls of Paris, against houses er from fear or pride} or boardings, carried through the streets or both, he will not by sandwich men or otherwise must bear a 2-cent stamp. They must also bear the name of the priater. Advertise- ments issued by the state itself (election From a Caricature. notices, art school notices, sheriffs’ sales, legal notices and the like, with the theatri- cal posters of the opera and state theaters) may be printed on white paper, and reg- ularly are. All other posters, of private people, must be on colored paper. But those which are hand-written may be on white paper. It is forbidden to issue ad- vertisements of secret remedies, of which the formula does not accompany the article (this bars out most all American Patent medicines), it is forbidden to ad- Vertise (unauthorized) foreign lotteries, or advertisements containing illegal scales of weights or measures, or outrages to good manners. The officer on the beat is respon. sible for the “signalizing” of all infraction: As a health officer, the common Paris po- Meerian is bound to irform his commissary {committee magistrate of the district) of the buying, transporting or selling of oysters less than five. centimeters in diameter, and of the raising of rabbits, chickens or pigeons in the city limits. He must signalize the throwing of straw, paper or refuse on the public streets. Spe- clal inspectors take charge of the salubrity of the markets. But the policeman on the beat must signalize the dirtiness of butcher shops, cheese shops and all tbe rest. The of insalubrious animals within the city limits also falis under his notice. Pigs, cows, goats and the like are forbid- den. It is forbidden for a man, living even in bis private house, to keep a number of dogs or cats. It is also forbidden to have in one's possession or to show on the street (withcut express authorization of the pre- fect) such ferocious animals as monkeys, snakes or wolves. “Signalize to the com- missary of police the proprietors who do not conform themselves to these dispositions.” No child under the age of twelve years may be en.ployed in a workshop or factory. Be- tween the ages of twelve and fourteen no young person may be permitted to bear, upon head or back, s burden weighing more than twenty pounds, nor from four- teen to sixteen years a burden weighing more than thirty pounds. Boys from twelve to fourteen years and girls from twelve to sixteen years are forbidden to @rag burdens or pull them in carts or wagons on the public street. They be used for such work in private ‘workshops or factories, on condition that the dragging or pulling shall be only on a horizontal Plane, and that the weight shall not pass 200 povnds, the vehicle included. It is for- bidden to allow children to play, unaccom. panied, upon the pubile streets. ‘These ulations will indicate the minuteness with which the French law goes into all the activities of the citizen. But what atten- tion is especially called to is the one fact that all infractions of such rules must be @enounced by the policeman on the beat. They must not watt until “complaint is made” by private parties. The police have other duties to the state government as distinct from the munici- pality and the guarding of the peace. The national flag may not be used in connection with any advertisement, not even a print or picture of the flag. “‘Signalize it to the com- missary and take instructions.” Unfortu- nately this does not apply to the flags of other nations. The American flag is repre- sented by a colored poster in all the public urinoirs of Paris, singing between its stripes the praises of a certain “American” remedy. It is the business of our ambassador to stop this degradation. The ribbons and buttons of the Legion of Honor may not be borne any one on whom they have not been bestowed. Nor, where they have been be- Stowed, may they be made to sefve as an advertisement for a commercial enterprise. Pictures of the cross of the legion may not be painted on shop windows; but a deco- rated shopkeeper may the image stamped on his letter paper on condition that it bears his name only aad not that of a firm or company. “Signaiize the contra- vention.” Deserters from the army found or sus- pected to be in the district of any police- man must be arrested. A reward of $5 apiece is given for such arrests. Finally, in his duty to the state, the common Paris po- liceman must keep his eye on public re- unions, coalitions, rebellions and the criers of seditious cries. Seditious cries are those which glorify a regime which is passed, such as the empire or the monarchy. The guardlan of the peace should immediately arrest the criers of such cries. The late laws concerning anarchy have widened the police powers and duties wonderfully in this respect. To say even at a hotel dinner table, in conversation with your neighbor, that the anarchists are theoretically right (not in throwing bombs, it is understood, but in their social principles) may bring you into trouble if your neighbor chooses to denounce you as a defender of anarch; A drunken yan, who, out of mere brageadocioism or stily perverseness, cries “Vive l’anarchie” or says Caserio was a brave fellow will be ar- rested and lie in jail a month, awaiting trial. “Rebellion” includes any violent at- tack or resistance of the police. Strikes or coalitions are permitted freely, but the coa- lition becomes criminal when it is carried on by the aid of violence, blows, menaces or “fraudulent maneuvers. it is the duty of the policeman on the beat to inform the commissary of incipient strikes or talk of strikes. Public reunions (meetings) are declared free by the law of But tn every case such meet- ing must be preceded by a decluration as to its character and object, made to the police commissary twenty-four hours pre- vious to its taking place. This delay is re duced to two hours in the case of election meetings. Each public meeting should have a committee of three, charged with the pre- servation of order, &c. The policeman on the beat must demand of this committee @ copy of the receipted declaration. If it be refused or the committee do not have one, it ts his duty to inform the commissary. Buch are a few of the duties of the Paris police apart from their regular work of guarding the public peace, arresting drunk- en men, capturing dogs without muzzles, regulating traffic in the streets, settling disputes between cabmen, listening to com- plaints of citizens and preserving the quiet and decorum of t! thoroughfare. They regulate the cafes and the theate reoms and lotteries, immoral pi conduct, prevent boys throwing snowballs and prevent boys making slides. It must be admitted, however, that the most curious duty of the common Paris policeman is at the other end of the scale o: duet, “Actes de devouement” are acts of courage accomplished by citizens in expos- ing their own safety or comfort for the saving of persons in danger. “The guar- dian of the peace who is a witness to such an act ought to all the cirgum- stances to the commissary of police of é STERLIN HEILI . 17 SHARP-SHIN MONEY Currency That Used to Pass in Georgetown and Alexandria, BEFORE UNCLE SAM OWNED A MINT Making Small Change by Cutting Large Coins. CHANCES FOR DISHONESTY ‘Written for The Evening Star. Washington city never saw a “sharp- shin.” The olf currency of other days never bought a drink or paid a loborer within the limits of the federal city. The new seat of government came in as the old currency went out. Yet its history is full of interest. The currency question was a burning one in the United States 110 years ago. Indeed, much of the paper currency had come to be of such a plight that it seemed fit for nothing else but burning. The continental paper money which had largely contributed to win liberty had been disabled, like most of the soldiers, and sinkiug from par to one thousand for one, had gone out of use. Says George Tucker: “The paper money, which, ‘in the first years of the revolution, constituted the general currency of the country, had a great and varied influence. It was at first an efficient as well az chief resource, and enabled the Congress to defray the ex- penses of war when they were without specie or any sure and speedy means of obtaining it. Even after the currency had depreciated, as was evident in 1776, it still was a valuable auxiliary to a government without revenue or the power of taxation, but if it rendered these benefits to the American people in their collective capac- ity it often proved most injurious to indi- viduals. As the depreciation, after it be- gan, continued steadily to advance, until the paper lost all value, every one was compelied to pass the money at a less rate than he had received it In this way it operated as a general tax, and the loss was in @ great measure equalized. But be- tween debtors and creditors the case was very different. When this money was used for the payment of debts, as it commonly was from necessity, as well as choice, the depreciation fell solely upon the creditor class. The last of this old issue, of which any record remains on the books of any asso- ciation in this neighborhood, was that held by the Friendship Fire Company of Alex- andria as late as 1835. The extraordinary emount of fines, &c., in the old currency is thus described tn the history of the old Friendship Company: “1779. Entrance to company fixed at £150; engine not to be used to water vessels under @ fine of £500. “1780. Patton paid £80 fine for not attend- ing to work engine; £1,500 received in dues at the meeting. “1782. Delinquents proceeded against, ac- cording to law, and £856 received at four méetings. There was on hand at the close of 1885, £927 of the old Virginia emission, an annual account of which was rendered until Matthew Robinson, died in 1827, when mention ts no longer made of it.” After this revoultionary paper money had passed out of existence there remained only for the transaction of business per- sonal notes of hand and the debris of a specie currency, to which all the civilized ations of the world, except the United States, had contributed. Mr. Roosevelt, in his “Life of Morris," well describes these times. He says: “We had no proper cotns of our own; nothing but hopelessly depreciated paper bills, a mass of copper, and some clipped and counterfeited gold and silver coin from $1747 a aransesee An Honest DoNar. How Much, the mints of England, France, Spain and even Germany. Dollars, pounds, shillings, doubloons, ducats, motdores, joes, crowns, pistareens, coppers dnd sous circulated in- differently, and with various values in each colony. A dollar was worth six shillings in Massachusetts, eight in New York, seven and s:xpence in Pennsylvania, six again in Virginia, eight again in North Carolina, thirty-two and one-half in South Carolina and five in Georgia. o w= Coins. In this condition of affairs the clipping and sweating of silver coins was carried to an extent which would now be deemed impossible; and the figures or shape of the coin, originally intended to be circular, was sometimes so grotesque as to excite merri- ment as it passed from hand to hand, serv- ing the ordinary uses of currency. Change had to be made, and, in default of small coins, larger coins were cut into parts, and these parts served to make the current change needed in the small transactions of business, This, of course, was open to an extensive fraud. Fair dealing the cutting of coins soon became the excep- tion and not the rule. These cut triangular fracticns of coins were called “sharp-shins” from thetr poin' ed shape. They were often cut so irragu- larly that their value could cnly be guess- ed. A “sharp-shin” worth five cents to. a sober man could easily be passed on a half-drunken man for ten cents, and, as at the south “reckon” is the syronym for these pieces which had once been named “drink-reckons” came to be called for short “drinkun: “Sharp-shins,"" of which the name of Sharp Shin alley, adjoining the Alexandria market, is a mernorial, came to be less and less exact. Gen. Washington, in a letter written to Grayson in 1788, makes this vehement complaint: “We are without a coinage, and unless some stop can be put to the cutting and clipping of money, our pistareens, etc., will be converted, as Teague says, into five quarters, and a man must travel with @ pair of scales in his pocket, or run the risk of receiving gold at one-fourth less in weight than it counts.” From this chaos of the currency, as well as chaos in other public matters, the Con. stitution of the United States came in 1787, to deliver the people; as it gave to the Congress the power to coin money, regu: late the value thereof, and of foreign coini to provide for the punishment of counter. feiting the securities and current coin of the United Siates; and forbade any state to coin money, emit bills of credit, or to make anything but gold and silver coins a tender in payment of debts. The Decimal Scale. Alexander Hamilton brought ‘order out of the chaos of the currency; but Governor Morris had preceded him in proposing that a decimal scale should be established for the United States money. Morris had pro- posed that the basis of the currency should be the one-fourth of one grain of silver, and b Fs Stingy Sharp-Shins. his plan proposed the following table of United States money: Ten quarters make one penn, 10 penns make one bill, 10 bills make one dollar. But Hamilton's plan was adgpted, and the coinage act provided the present United States money: Ten cents make one dime, 10 dimes make one dollar, 10 dollars make one eagle. Preparations for coinage were at once be United was-pa: April 2, 1792, and in the summer of that year a plain brick building was erected in Philadelphia at a site on the east side of 7th street above Sugar street alley, afterward called Farmer and now Filbert street. David Rittenhouse had been appointed director of the mint on the 14th of April, 1792, and he at once or dered coining presses from England. These reached Philadelphia in September, and in the early part of October, 1792, the —s began upon six pounds of old copper whi had been purchased as a preliminary to the bullion which was afterward brought to the mint. One old horse moved the machinery of the mint, ana was the forerunner of the steam and the electricity which have since been used for the purpose. The first re turn of coinage ever made consisted of 11,- 178 cents. ———__+- e+ —___. POINTS FOR THE BEST MAN. An Outline of the Important Duties He 1s Called Upon to Perform. From the Rrooklyn Eagle, “A chum of mine (young man) is about to be married. I have known him and the girl he ts going to marry a long time. He asked me to be his best man. This is the first time that I am to stand up for any- body and I would Ifke to get some points on what to do. Will you also kindly give me some idea what to present the couple with? Kindly let me know just what a best man is supposed to do, They are go- ing to Washington, and have asked me to go along. What am I supposed to do, and what expenses should I bear? “IGNORAMUS.” The best man is not always unmarried, but he is usually selected from a groom's bachelor friends, and is supposed to be as weuch his intimate as ordinary men ever choose to have. To him is confided the route of a wedding journey, and he secures drawing room seats, tel yhs for rooms - mgreaticn a ae im the plan of a wed- Ing journey; sees that the baggage is prop- erly checked, provided the groom has no valet; accompanies him to the church, stands next to him during the ceremony, presents the clergyman with his fe and afterward, if requested by the bride's fam- ily, sends to the press an advertisement of the marriage, particulars for which are fur- nished by them, also by the groom, when- ever his uue of descent or special titles are added to the same. Of course, the cost of all this is borne by the groom, except, per- haps, the expense of the press, which the bride's father will choose to defray. A best man is last to leave the church, but at the reception later he is at Mberty to join th guests or take a place by the maid of honor. He goes to the railway agent or steamer to see the bridal party off, pro- vided the distance to the place of departure is not too great, and then returns to the parents of the bride to bring back their greetings. The best man relieves the groom of many essential details and every care possible at a time when a bridegroom has a right—If such right is due any man at any time—to perfect freedom and from every anxiety and every duty. It ts his hour of happiness, and to be truly content tran- quillity of mind is a necessity, Of course, @ comrade is undeserving the name of a friend if he is not glad to make, if possible, this bridal day a perfect memory. Thi secret—if It has been kept @ secret—of the destination of the married travelers is his, and he protects it. Indeed, to ask it of him. wanmlanire Oo America and the Art of War. From Cassell's, It 1s worth recalling that America has three times had theyhonor of revolution- izing the art of war./To American armies was due the introduction of the scout or open order system ‘of firing, with all the concomitants of skirniishers, rifle pits, &o. Foreign nations were-siow to adopt it, but it came at last, ami ts now universal. America, too, was the first to introduce the extensive use of the rife and the sights on aval guns. Today the rifle is the universal arm of the infantry dnd a cannon without sights or means for accurate laying is as useless as one without powder. The third revolution was the introduction of the monitor, and here the honor belongs to the individual rather. than to thé nation, De- spite all that may have been said to the ontrary, Capt. Ericsson's traditional ‘cheese box on @ raft” was an entirely unique construction; the idea had never been previously carried into practice and certainly had never been put into succeas- ful form. The work of the monitor duced a revolution in naval ideas, of w: the full extent has thus far been adequately realized. seri ———_-+e-+—____. Fatal Imagination of a Mule. From the Michigan Artist. “Did you ever hear of the strange fish found in New Zealand that lives upon frost?” asked one traveler of another a the Morton House recently, “No, of course, not. But in Michigan everything relating to fish ‘goes,’ I am told, So go on With your lying. “It comes out of the sea and eats the frosts early in the morning. At times it becomes stranded, when it can be caught It ts impossible to take it when in the water. It is great delicacy, and selis for $1.23 per pouna-* Now, old man, tt is my turn, Fancy will do most anything. A colored gentle man in Kentucky went on a visit to an- other colored gentleman. Before going in to dinner he tastened his mule to a erib filled with popcorn. While the owner of the beast was absent the crib caught fire end burned down. The heat made the corn pop, and when the white, flaky corn began talilng around the mule he imagined it was snow and froze to death. Money Value of Han and Fingers, An engineering journal has collated some interesting statistics from the tabies of @ German miners’ insurance company. If a man loses both hands he is registered as entailing a 100 per cent loss. In other words, he has been deprived of the ability to earn a livelihood. @ loss of the right hand depreciates the value of an individual as a worker 70 to 80 per cent, while the loss of the left hand leaves him with only #0 to 70 per cent of his original earning ca- pacity. The thumb is taken as playing a part equal to 20 to 30 as a bread winner; the first finger of the right hand is put at 14 to 18 per cent, that of the left hand at from 8 to 13.5 per cent, and the middle fin- ger of either hand is worth from 10 to 16 ber cent, The value of the third finger is put down as from 7 to 9 per cent, while that of the littie finger {s estimated at 9 to 12 per cent. These values may appear ar- Ditrary, but it is explained that the ap- ent Inconsistency in the rating is oo- casioned by the differences in the trades followed by the injured ones. cee Seeing by Night. From Meeban's Monthly. Nocturnal creatures assume night ao tivity for some other reason than that they cannot see by dey, or that they see better by night. The bat sees admirably in the brightest sunlight, as any one knows who has ever teased one by poking @ stick at it, It will open its mouth and make en angry grab at the siick when it is not near it by severalinches. Prof. Bolles says it Is the same ggith the owl They see per fectly in bi ysunlight and better at night than most creatures. taber Low Street Car Fares. From the Boston True Flag. An electric stréet car war in Savannah has driven fares down to the lowest pos- sible figures. On short trips the fare is 1 cent and on long trips 8 cents, and the president of one of the companies threateng to make all the fares 1 cent. He says that his company has actually taken in more money during the lagt two months than during the same months last year. oo Alds to Speed. From the New York World If tt ts true, as reported, that the sulky in which “Alix was driven her great mile” at Columbus was made of aluminum and welghed only twenty-one pounds it is an- other case where increase of speed is due less to improvement tn horsefiesh than tn racing appliances. When a lowered record means simply better tracks or better sulk- jes it goes for something, but it does not represent its face value. eee Mistaken Identity. From the Chicago Inter-Ocean. “Could. I see the boss a few minutes?” “Yes; as soon as she gets through tellin’ the mistress that she’s got to have another afternoon off each week. there is a large membership tn other coun- tries, which is in affiliation with the brotherhood in the United States. The Brotherhoog of Canada and Scotland, how- ever, will send delegates to the present con- vention. As an auxiliary to the <I paar as brotherhood, serves, | as @ training school for future members of the Brotherhood of St. Andrew, efficiently. Dr Nash was born in 1854, near Cartersville, Cumberland county, Va. graduated at Sidney College, after taking @ course in medicine at Phil- adelphia was commissioned an assistant surgeon in the navy in 1877. his naval career he had many and varied ex- Periences, at one time dancing with Queen “idl” at Honolulu, and the next being on board the Alert, in search of the ST. ANDREW’S CROSS A Convention of a Well-Known Protestant Episcopal Organization, ooo GATHERING OF DELEGATES NEXT WEEK The Work of Preparation as Per- formed by the Local Committees. WORK FOR YOUNG MEN ‘Next week will witness the gathering here of the delegates to the convention of the Brotherhood of St. Andrew, a strong and flourishing organization, composed of men connected with the Protestant Episcopal Church. The business sessions will be held in Metzerott Hall, and the various details of the arrangements are in the hands of @ committee representing the councils of the District. A hospitable welcome will be accorded to the delegates, and it is ex- pected that the coming convention will be full of interest and profit to ali who attend Chicago ts the birthplace of the principal order of the Protestant Episcopal Church, the Brotherhood of St. Andrew. The parent brotherhood was organized by the members of a young men’s Bible class in St. James’ Church of that city, on No- vember 80, 1883. Such remarkable results and, second, for the spread of religious in- fluence among boys. Since 1838 James L. Houghteling of at James’, Chicago, has presided over the fe- Iberations of the council, The present council of the Brotherhood is composed of the following ramed gentlemen: James L. Houghteling, president; G. Harry Davis, ‘Germantown, Philadelphia, first vice prest- dent; Silas McBee, Sewanee, Ti second vice president; John P. Fi treasurer; John W. Weed, eral secretary; W. G_ Math Cleveland; Herry A. Sill, New York: E. Baird. Philadelphia; Hector Baxte: Mjrneapolis; Wm. ©, Sturgis, New Haven: W. O. Garrison, Bt. Teuls; George ‘Thomas, Washington, D. C.; Thomas Dean, Beston; Charles 8. Shoemaker, Pittsburg; Edmund Billings, Beston; J. GC. Loomis, Loutsville; Scmuel S. Nash, Scot- land Neck, N. C.; 8. A. Haines, Indianapo- lis; J. Le B. Johrson, Tecoma, Washing- ton, and John E. Mitchell of Mobile. The Local Committee. ‘The first step toward the preparation for the convention, which will meet here next week, was made at a meeting last St Andrew's Gay of the brotherhood men in this city. It was then decided that a com- mittee of seven should be eppoirted by the Jocal couacil, who !n turn should select the members of the various subcommittees. The cheirmen of these subcommittees in were accomplished that other parishes form- ed similar organizations. In January, 1886, @ central committee was formed. The first number of St. Andrew's Cross was issued in October, and the parochial brotherhoods im correspondence with the central com- mittee were invited to send delegates to a convention, to be held in Chicago on Oc tober 23, 1886. At this convention there were present Gelegates from twenty chapters of the thirty-six then in existence. R. W. Springer of Grace Church, Chicago, was electei presi- Gent of the council, and a constitution was adopted practically as it now stands. Every man desiring to become a member pledges such arduous and protracted duties hotel committee, of which is chairman. The members cupied so constantly that « ditions have been made to of the committee, in order enormous dence. cured for quarters are so one man wrote and said he didn’ beard of any suitable secured at the terms fixed. = a> 2 ee = a graduated from the old First mar 8. John 1875 he king. ; d Wm. D. Cabell. turn formed the executive committee, and with President P. B. Pierce of the local council as chairman, and Vice President Bryan, met for the first time for active work last January. About three months ego the committee held Its first regular ses- sion at the Ebbitt House, and have con- tinued to hold them there regularly Friday evening since. A large success of the work presided eff Fy | f é 7 E i P. B. Pierce, who has sion, and has directed with wisdom and modi is a native of New York, a Hobart College of that Columbian Law School Barnabas Bryan. himself to obey the two fundamental rules of the order, viz., the rule of prayer and the rule of service. The practical application of the first rule, the rule of prayer, _— take the form of the exercise of spirii devotion; it m expressed in one oF more of the collects which the church sets forth for the different Sundays itn the year; or it may be nothing more (than the three words, “Thy kingdom com The rule does not prescribe any particular words as essen- tial, but simply defines the subject and time and places upon the list of definite engagements and duties the hour of prayer, By the rule of service each member ts pledged to at least one conscious and con- scientious effort of word or deed in behalf Society, a member of the American Histor ical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Folk-Lore Society, and at present holds the position of principal examiner in the United Sfates patent office. Barnabus Bryan, the vice president of the local council, is a member of the re ception committes, and ff this connection has been indefatigable in his labors. MR an was born in Prince George's county, Maryland, tn 1845, and was educated % Raltimore schools. He has been for a good many years with Emmanuel P, B. Church, Anacostia, holding every posi- tion from vestryman to delegate te diocesan convention. His eldest son, Henry ©. Parkman. of some one young man each week. Gener- ly speaking, it means the consecration of @ man’s common sense, common sympathy and common influence to the spread of Christianity among young men. A Rapid Growth. The constitution, in addition to the two rules, confines the membership to males of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and pre- vides for a council of twenty-five as the governing body of the order. The next convention met in Chicago on October 14, 15 and 16, 1887, with eighty delegates present, representing thirty-elght chapters out of one hundred and fifteen in full union. The effect of these two con- ventions was to unite and solidi the various chapters into an order powerful for M. Bryan, ts the organist of Emanuel Church, and will — at the organ dur ing the sessions of the convention. “he corresponding wwe ge & and treas- urer of the brotherhood this city, Henry C. Parkman, is also chairman of press cgmmitttee, and in both crpacities has served the brotherhood fatthfully and wed. The work of the commitiee so far has consisted in furnishing information to the Gally papers, and will be the same next week, though much Increased. Mr. Park- man is a native of this city, and a deszend- ant of Judge Robert B. Parkman of Park- man, Ohio. He received his elucation im the public schools ere, and has for some time past been preparing for the ministry. In this connection he has been instrumen- tal in the organization of the Mission Ohspel of the Good Shepherd in Northeast Washingto 4 is now agent of the News- boys’ and Children’s Aid Society. The com- ing of the convention to Washington was lergely due to the efforts of Mr. gs ag The members of the committee are Mesers. F. A. Kendall, Chas. W. Eliason and Clar- ence Wilson. the secretary to the Fr y8 § “FL iH re E g & H 3 i fF ls REE ef i i lt rf E. Maury Posey. good in the church. At this meeting W, R, Stirling of Grace Church, Chicago, was elected president of the council. From that time up to the present con- ventions have been held annually gt Philadelphia, Louis, Boston and the last tn Detroit. pl jurch, Ty - Tepresenting new chapte! Secretary of the local council. there are in the Brotherhood of Bt Andre | A one et eee com. re aie Soary mittees of such The Brotherhood Abroad. In addition to the numbers above given EB. Maury Posey, commitise, has kept record of its proceed- ad has charge of matters relating to the quiet day service, to be held on Wednesday. Charles county, Maryla: LJ Mr, Porey’s place of birth, while his edu- cation was fi ed in this city.