Evening Star Newspaper, April 29, 1893, Page 10

Io THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON. D. ©, SATURDAY, APRIL 29, 1893—SIXTEEN PAGES. A BIG MINING CAMP. A Look at Butte City, the Wealth- iest Town in the Union. di BIG MONTANA MINES. <cicatiinliianainny A Clty of 40,000 With » Pay Roll of $10,- 000,000 » Year— Placer Mini Quartz Mining Stories of Senator Sanders and Tom Carter—A Look at Great Falls. Berre Crrz, April 15, 1898. UTTE CITY 18 THE greatest. mining camp in the world and there is no city like it in the universe. Montana has given more than $400,- 000,000 worth of precious metals to humankind, and in the neighborhood of #40,- 000,000 a year are shipped away from thie state. Ithas more min- erals perhaps than any ith a barber here yesterday while he was shaving me. He was te bead of the shop and he told me that he guaranteed his men $25 0 week. Said he: “I give them 60 per cent of all | they make, and this nets the shop 10 cents on | every shave and is good pay for. us. In the | last vear or so some 15-cent barber shops have been established in Montana, but the majority still shave for a quarterand that is little enough for this part of the country.” They have a queer lot of millionaires out in this country. The greatest ambition of the rich man here seems to be to build a hotel. ‘The Broadwater Hotel has the biggest swim- ming bath in the world. and one of the lead- ing politicians of Helena calls it “Broadwate folly.” It is said to have cost about $500,000 WEALTH OF FLOWERS Blossoms Which Are Grown Beneath an Acre of Glass. The Pansy Her Favorite—A New Fiowe Named After Her—Orchids Worth Their other state in the Union, and this city of Butte | makes about €20,000,000annually out of mining. Itis one of the queerest cities Ihave ever visited. If you could sail np into the air a mile above | the sea level vou would be within 600 feet of the altitude at which these people live the year! round. The town is located right up in the mountains, and on all sides great peaks rise | upward and the sides of the bills are lined with vast smelting furnaces, which pour out day and night a snlpburous smoke. | A large part of the production here is cop- | per, and the copper foasted in order to get the sulphur out of it im its reduction. Yhe result is that the air is filled with brimstone. These sulphurons fumes are sogreat that they destroy the vegetation. The grass never grows here. The flowers never blossom and the trees have long since shed their leaves for good. | Until_a few years ago no one supposed | that Butte would be « permanent city. and the People built houses only with the iden of leav- | ing them when the mines were played ont. Of | Jate, however, it has become evident that this } | ere has to be} will always be agreat mining center. The Anaconda mines, the largest copper veins of the world, have enough ore in sight to last for ninety years, and the other copper and silver tines here seem inexhaustible. The result is that Butte City is now founded on » substantial | asi. It has a population of about 40,000 1 IN THE MINES. and it bas substantial Bieks’ which pay a better their investment than the average of Business property anywhere in the United States. Rents are high in Butte and business gs bring in from 15 to 25 and 40 per cent on the investment. There is probably no eity in the Unite! States that does large a Dusiness in proportion to its population as Butte and there is none which has so big a pay roll. Nearly a million dollars in wages are paid here every month, and the lowest wages are 92.50 a day for eight hours’ work. The smelters turn out about $30,000,000 worth of ore ina year.and day and night, week day end Sunday, the streets are jammed with people. The majority of them are miners, You see many weil-drewed men and fine- looking women. Butte has a very cultured society, ax well aga decidedly wicked one, aud there are churches and Sunday schools, literary societies and Chautauqua circles as well as the mining accompaniments. SOMETHING AROTT MONTANA MINES. Disrepatable places are, however, decreasing every year, and Montana will eventually come down to a solid business basis. The mines are business interest on ‘the millions that were taken out of the state in the latter part of the sixties and in the seren- tea were largely panned ont of placer diggings. Right here at Butte City about $3,000,000 were taken out in this way before ther began to work , and one claim which sold for $200 . Another claim Bear this produced $1,000 a day for a long time, and one man found « nugget which was worth 1.800. At this time water was very im some of the claims and fortanes made in selling water. I talked with miner yesterday who said that he give up s mine because it cost him day for wster to work it, and though it eventually panned out well he could not afford to wait Another man told me that he used to —-~ for working in the mine at this and that he thought he was doing well ‘until he found he had to pay a dollar apiece for _—— fora sack of flour. most the plier mining of today ix done by China- men,and you find these pig-tailed, almond-eyed, ESTRAYCE TO DRUMLOMMON WINE. elowskinned mortals washing gold every- where you go. They herd together in little cottages and every one of these Hocky moun- tain towns has its Chinese quarter. There are ebout s thousand in Helena and a great num- Der jn Butve City. While I was in avanre xweixrso. ‘The chief mining now done is quartz mining, end it takes a fortane to develop these mines. ‘The result is that the best mines are owned by Tipithy men or by large corporations, and min~ ts as syetomat iy done bere as any gr the east. ‘The very best of machin- ery end the most costiy is used and every mine Bas skilled scientists connected with it. any of the clubs of Boston or New Thins of s mine like that of the Ana- conda, which has actually expended €40,000.000 ten years, and you get some idea of Montana ‘ing. The smelters of Butte turn out about $25,000,000 worth of metal # year. and the Batte wines during the last ten vears have turned oat considerably more than $100,000.00 and have paid more than $50,000,000 in divi- 4 BANKING AND INTEREST IN MONTANA. You would think with all this that there was HEE il | and is built over some hot springs, which are | about four miles from Helena, | axort of Pittsburg of the west. The popala- MILLIONAIRE BQOADWATER. Every room has hot mineral water in it bath tabs | are of solid porcelain and co: piece. It has s swimming pool which covers three- quarters of an acre nnd it takes a half acre of cathedral glass to roof it. It is surrounded by aconservatory of trees and this big acre bath tub contains from two to eight feet of hot water. SOME STORIFS OF MILLIONAIRE BROAD Col. Broadwater was one of tho characters of this region. He died wi eral millions not long ago and he n ested in nearly everything of note in Montana for years, He was in New York at about the time of the Paring Brothers’ failure and he grew disgusted at tho lack of attention which he received from the capitalists there. One day he said: “f am going home. Every one here that I am worth over $2,020,000 "t for the life of me borrow £100,000. | ck to Montana, where money means something.” and he went. roadwater was bow-legged and this makes me think of astory I heard yesterday of the feud between Maj. Maginnis and Senator Saun- ders. Sanders and Maginnis have at different times in their lives been opposed to each other | and Sanders sometimes makes remarks about Maginnis which are by no means complimen- tary. Notlong ago he was speaking of Ma- ginnis as a politician and he said: ‘Maj. Ma- ginnis is all things to ali men, in order that he may deceive them. He is a republican to ar publican, a democrat to a democrat, a Presb; terian toa Presbyterian, and, by Jove, he is even bow-legged to Broad wate By the way, I understand that Senator San- ders will settle down to his law practice in Helena. He has a big practice and he has made two or three fortunes at the law. He is not a| great accumulator and he spends nearly all he makes. He is interested in some mines whic may turn out welland he owns a fine brick ‘idence in Helena which overlooks the city. WHAT ToM CARTER IS D Mr. Thomas A. Carter, who at — head of the republican national committee last | year, has left Montana for a trip throughout | Washington state with Congressman John L Wilson of Spokane, and the two will probab! investigate some of the new enterprises of Puget sound and may make some investments in that region. Carter is well-to-do. He has a fine house in Helena, which he keeps up, though during the past four years he has spent the most of hi time in the east. I something over a hundred thousand and he has a father-in-law worth over a million. He is a jolly good fellow and does not lie awake at night thinking about President Harrison and his unfortunate campaign. I met Mr. | Carter during my stay in Helena and J asked | him if he ever made any money in mining. “he replied. “I own lots of mining stock, but I never made anything to speak of | VATE! out of mining, except once, when I cleared about $ afew days. There was a mine ‘owned by some parties for whom Twas the at- torney. They had spent all their money in putting down the shaft and had struck nothing. At last the chief owner eame to me and b BROADWATER'S BIG BATH TUB, told him I could not do it. He then wanted me to buy some of the stock and finally offered it to me at 50 cents on the dollar. I took it and the next day they struck a big lead. The ore assayed at $700 per ton and it was thought we had a great find. I sold out my stock for $7,500 profit and went off and gotmatried. The lead panned out well for a few days and it was then found to be only a great boulder of silver and when they went through that that, was the end of it. The result was that when I came back from my wedding journey you could the stock for nothing aud Iw: only man who made any money out of it. A LOOK AT GREAT FALLS, Ispent several days at Great Falls, Montana, Have you ever heard of it? It is ahalf di ride north of here at the head of navigation of the Missouri river, and it is the newest of the promising cities of Montana, It is only four Years old, and it contains wbout 10,000 peop! It covers enough ground fora city of 50,000, but it grows lke a green bay tree and it promises to be the largest city between Spokane and St. Paul. Th s one of the greatest water owers of the world. The assouri river her Fieape downward in a series of falle more { 500 feet in a distance of ten miles and goes gon tothesea, {thas great ¢. Lam told, owned almost whoily by:Jim Hill, the railroad magnate, who has made the town his pet aud is pushing it for all he ix worth. His town-site company laid it out, ar tas they have reserved a certain number of lot. in all parts of it th > bound to make a fors.ne out of their sale. The coal fields already net Mr. Hill, I have been told, something like « quarter of a million dollars yearly, and he is interested in many of the in- ons of the city. Great Falls bas a rich tural region about it. It is near the lest mines and it has two railroads and_ex- pects « third this summer. A baby city of four years it has a bank building that cost $150,000, the interior of which is lined with marble, and an opera house, just completed, which mt $50,000, and will “seat 1,200. All of its houses are lighted by electricity furnished by the water fal's, and it has electric car lines and great smelting works in which electricity is being used to separate the gold. silver and cop- per. Senator Washburn is, I think, interested in the big Washbarn elevators and_ flouring milis which have rec. ntly been built there, and the people of Great Falls believe that it will be tion of the town is mide up of young men from the middie wud eastern states, and { met many young fellows who told m= they were making money. Que young New Yorker was building houses which he said he conid rent at about 15 per cent on the investment and which he could usually sell at a profit. STOCK RAISING IX MONTANA, Ajgreat many sheep are owned about Great Falls and J found a number of men who “bad gone’’—as they say here—“into sheep.” Sheep | such pub | precedence ix very important, especialls | enlarged not by rawing is in fact taking the place of stock rais ing in the northwest, and there are men here” who own tens of thousands of sheep. The cli- mate and grass of Montana are said to make the best of mutton, and the wool clip of the state now runs close to 12,000,000 pound: year. The country about Great Falls is good for grazing and much of it will be improved by irrigation. Within a radius of one hundred miles of Great Falls it has been pretty well taken up, but I am told there is stili a vast deal of good land in Montana. and the people sav that inthe interior of the state are great valleys and vast tracts which aré as yet un- tredieu by the farmer and untouched by the TE Ht iG ? I ! I ! E i] i E e i i plow. Praxx G. CanrensEs. ———_+ee- Explained. From Puck. Chimmie—“I wonder why dem swell dress coats is cut away vo in front fer?” Chonny—“So's a feller kin gits bis hands in his pockets easy, I s’pose."” Weight in Gold —How the White House is Decorated — Blooms for the President's Table. ——+ NEW FLOWER WAS named after Mrs. Cleve- land last week. It was a rose-colored amoryllis of ahue never before obtained by any gar- dener and it grew in one of the White House hot \ houses. Attached to the Executive Mansion are twelve glass houses which, together, cover San acre of ground. ‘They are filled with rare plants, all the blossoms borne by which be- long to the President's wife. Cart loads of roses and other exquisite blooms are hers for the trouble of ordering them plucked. Every evening when she sits down to dinner her eye is gladdened by a huge basket of fresh cut flowers in the middle of the table. There isa «mall bouquet to match at the side of her plate and Mr. Cleveland has a little posy for hia but- tonhole. If there are any guests each Indy has a bouquet and each gentleman a boutonniore. Mrs. Cleveland's favorite flowers are pansies. At this eeason, when big velvety ones are blooming. she always has one or two vases filled with them in her boudoir, ‘They are propagated in the green house from seeds which have a market value of $75.an ounce. Pansies are used on the table also, but there are never r flowers on the board’ at breakfast, and at there ix only a big jardiniere of maiden- hair ferns, After pansies the likes roses and orchids best. White House collection of orchids is one of the finest in ex- istence. It includes many varieties which bear blossoms that counterfeit forms of animal life, snch as the “buttertly” orchid, whose blooms are like se many gaudy winged insects, und another kind which counterfeits with amazing yatropical moth. Then there are the rehid, the ‘spider’? orchid and the lizard” orehid. One xort reminds the ob- erver of agrinning monkey, while another suggests the aspect of an opera dancer sus- pended by the head, There are two hot houses filled with orchids, Some of them grow in earth, while others are merely suspended from the roof by strings, deriving their support wholly from the air. DAILY FLORAL DECORATIO’ ery day fourteen great vases in different parts of the White House are freshly filled with hyacinths, lilies, pansies, roses and other flow- ers. By keeping the plants in cold frames ont of doors, covered with a heating blanket of fresh leaf mold a foot thick, tulips, jonquils, hyacinths and violets are made to bloom in plenty from Christmas to late in April. They are brought in small quantities ata time into the hot houses, where they are quickly burst into beanty and are ready to be used for decora- tive purposes, All throngh the winter the Ex- ecutive Mansion is made beautiful with growing palms and flowering plants, of which 200 are d in the lower and upper corridors, the room and the library. Flowers play an important part in the deco- ration at state dinners, are. gi nin the great dining room used for functions, table, which is big enough ordinarily to seat thirty-eight persons, is along murror. This is an ancient and valuable appurtenance of the White House. urrounded by a little bank of ferns or flower it has the appearance of a small lake. Upon it, in the center and at both ends, are placed baskets of roses or other blossoms. Besides these there are four other baskets of At either end of the board is an im- andelabrum with twenty-four At the sides are four silver The wax candles, candelabra, cach bearing twelve candles, President always sits on the north side of the the middle of its length, which is ex- iy tabl tended from east to west. Mrs. Cleveland, the due order of pre posite him sits This matter of at th diplomatic dinners, but it is thoroughly under- stood by Mr. Pruden, one of the private secre- taries, who himself writes the names of the guests on dainty ecards and puts them at the places which the individuals are intended to occupy. Very often it happens that the persons who must be invited number more than thirty- eight. Under such circumstances the table is ditions to its length, but by four wings attached to the sides at ‘each end. Mr. and Mrs, Cleveland are seated exactly where they were in the other case, but the wings are so shaped in curves that euch of them is in the middle of a semicircle of guests. Thus ar- ranged the hospitable board will ac sixty people comfortably. ‘Ther our more baskets of flowers at the end of the wings and instead of two golden candelabra four are used. The effect thus produced, the superb state dining room being further adorned with tropical and flowering plants around the walls, is simply gorgeous. On oc- casions of this sort the head gardener, Henry Pfister, lays himself out in the creation of elaborate ornamental flower pieces. For example, at one diplomatic spread the central floral display was in the shape of a re- volving globe which reprosented the world. It was made wholly of carnations, and was piv- oted in such a manner that an occasional touch from one of the waiters would make it go round for some moments. The various countries were in carnations of different colors, and the oceans were done in camelia leaves, having a wavy effect. On another evening the design was’ the hanging gardens of Semiramis in monthly roses and carnations. ‘The structure measured six feet by three and was raised upon plumns so that the guests could see each other beneath it. Ata dinner to the judiciary, given by Mr. Cleveland during hia first aduninistra- tion, a temple of justice was constructed of flowers. When he entertained Qucen Kapio- lani at the time of her visit to the United States the design selected was the coat of arms of Hawaii, The frameworks for these set pieces are made to order by a wireworker on 12th stree RAMBLING THROUGH THE GREEN HOUSES. Mrs. Cleveland spends a good many of her odd moments in stroiling through the green houses, In one of them is an orange tree, which was given her six yoars ago when sho went south with the President. It is now cov- ered with ripe golden fruit. Under the same glass roof are ripeuing lemons, pineapplos and bananas. They are grown for decorative pur- poses and not for eating. It cost €75,000 to Build the hot houses attached to the Executive Mansion. For waking care of them Congress appropriates $5,000 annually. ‘To keep them heated uses up 225 tons of coal a year. Since 1818 $373,000 have been spent in improving the White House grounds. Up to that time they were an unsightly waste, without grass or shrubbery. Until quite recent years the patch of land surrounding the President’a house was asort of farm. Itextended over the greater part of the area now occupied by the buildings of the Treasury and the State, War and Navy Departments. Where the treasury now is there was the White House vegetable patch, and the White House fruit orchard was on the site of the present great structure to the west. When those buildings were put up and the street called Executive avenue was laid out around the White House the orchard and vegetable garden were wiped out. ‘The Jot back of the Executive Mansion where the children roll eggs at Easter used to be utilized as a cow pasture. There were usually four or five cows attached to the White House. Beneath the front portico of the President's house was a dairy, to which water from a spring in ‘There was brought by an inch pi sident’s wife | These entertainments | In the middle of the | imerly hept hor playtniogs, ond potated out how merly kept her playthings, ai out how the wash tubs Thad. been’ sot up in another corner, with clothes lines stretched from wall | | | to wall, Up to 1828 the east room was used b; | the wives of the Prosidents asa laundry nursery. It was sufficiently spacious for both Purposes, being 80 by 40 feet. There have been plenty of changes in the establishment since then, The nation haa spared no ex in | making the mansion comfortable, and .sinee it | was first built nearly €1,200,000 has been ex- | pended for furniture and repairs. Nearly © President's wife buys new eet of china an | new linen. The first President Harrison did his owa marketing, but the day for such sim- plicity has passed, and the provisions for the Whito House are purchased nowadays by # steward, whom the government pays. Mra. Cleveland has no vegetable garden nor orchard from which to draw supplies for her table, though whe enjoys the use of a small grapery under glass which produces the finest fruit of Hamburg and Muscat. = PROPAGATING WATER LILIES, For beautifying the fountains in the White House grounds the rarest water lilies nre pro} xated in the green houses. There are blue Water lilies from Australia, purple ones from Zanzibar, red ones from India and yellow ones native to this country. These are grown in brick tanks filled with water, being kept in pot | beneath the surface. Some of them are propa- gated from seeds in shallow earthen saucers overflowed with water. As the sprouts develop they are taken out and planted separately in the pots. Others are propagated from bulbs, while some hardy water lilies native to this climate are reproduced by cutting their roots | into pieces and planting the latter. From tho pots the well-developed plants are transferred | to boxes, and these are sunk in the fountains, The famous Victoria Regia, from Brazil, is grown by putting the seeda, which are as big as peas, ina tumbler of water and leaving them to sprout. Then they are put into pots. From this vegetal wonder flowers twelve inches in diameter aro obtained, both red and white, but they would be bigger ‘if the water in the fon- tains was heated. In the tanks with the water lilies are propa- gated several kinds of floating plants which have no roots inthe earth, They reproduce them- selves by offshoots. There are also water po} pies, so called because their flowers look like real’ poppies, and the water snowflake with dainty little white blossoms, Water gardening, which has hitherto been a neglected art, is al tracting much attention nowadays. This fortunate, considering the immense variety of beautiful’ aquatic plants which can be 80 readily cultivate y pond. To leave a ter surface ina landscape bare is like per- mitting a field to go untilled that might easily | be made to bloom with loveliness. This branch | of horticulture is destined to become popwiar | and will awaken interest in an extensive. and little-known class of plants which possess an | individuality of form and beauty belonging | peculiarly to themselves. Not least remarkable | of these water plants is the Egyptian lotus, a ingle seed of which thrown into a pond will cover its surface with the big and superb blossoms of this vegetal curiosity. VEGETABLE WHISKY SHOPS. In the green houses attached to the White House are many of the curious plants which Superintendent Smith of the Botanic Garden calls “vegetable whisky shops,” because their pitchers distill intoxicating fluids that attract all sorts of insects. The bugs fall into the drink and the plant devours their substance, ax the veritable gin mill eats up that of its human cnstomers. One variety catches cockroaches, while another actually preys upon frogs, who re unable to escape from the pitchers on ac- ant of two downward projecting thorns which impale them when they would leap out. These receptacles hold as much as balf a pint each | and the contents of three or four will intoxicate jaman. They are admirably ted to the | uses of the tropical tramp, who, while pursuing his leisurely travels, can literally pluck his |drinks by the wayside. The gardener also | grows “hens and chickens,” as the echeverias | are commonly called, for bedding purposes in | the White House grounds. ‘They get this name jfrom the fact that euch old plant sends out |suckers in every direction, which form new | plants surrounding the maternal one, just as icks assemble about the mother fowl, Some of them, however, do not send out any suckers, | It may be that they are roosters. | Ifshe wants them Mrs, Cleveland has at her disposal all the flowers produced at the propa- ng gardens of Washington, ‘These gardens supply all the floral and plant decorations for the east room. For this purpose alone one huge green house is given up exclusively to | palms and other tropical and semi-tropical ex- | otigs. When the President gives a reception, or other occasions of festivities, these are loaded in their pots into great closed express vans of | the kind used for moving furniture, and ate | conveyed to the Executive Mansion, Skilled [hands quickly transform the it apart- ment into the likeness of a tropical scene, the great height of the ceiling giving space for trees | of considerable size. Lesser trees and plants of smaller growth bank the walls, so that the | room is mass of green, festoons of smilax and | quantities of the ioveliest blossoms lending deli- cacy and color to the general effect. a Poetical 1 From Vogue. ‘They were chatting together one fair sammer even- ing, on all toptes from peras and f critical, young, and more n half lover? nt ) ‘Then from her red Nips snatched a kiss on asudden, And answered her frowning with, “I could but try, sin Tsimply ne "Twas re: , dear, to meet your objection, dherely ‘poetical license. — The Engaged Girl, From the London Daily News, A “seasoned bridesmaid” makes bitter com- plaint in Woman of the behavior of engaged girls, It is an old grievance of the unengaged, but has rarely been et forth in such minute- ness of detail. ‘The engaged ring finger play considerable part in this remonstrance. It always being flaunted in the face of the une: gaged. If you tell the engaged person that she has a hairpin sticking out, ap goes that finger to push it in. Every office that can possibly be done with one digit ig sure to be done with the obtrnsive engaged finger. Sometimes the en- gaged girl will drop in for a chat, but it is gen- erally when her friend is tired and sleepy, and the chat is always about*thim” and how he pro- posed, and how delightful itis to think that he as never cared for any other girl before, and hhow charming and sweet “his people” arg. ‘This remonstrant, who has been bridesmaid more than the fatal number of times, is beginning to sigh for a piace where there will be “no mar- riages or giving in marriage.” — Not a City, From Good Ne City boy- you?” Town boy—“Of course this is a city—got a Fog'lar mayor and everything.” ity boy—“Oh, come off! I havea’t seen an ashbox or barrel since I got cae @ garbage got You don’t cail this city, do “Throwing Himeelf Away.” [GIFTS FOR DEER ME zs See eight of these were so he remamed over two this arctic Robinson J.B. V. Bk. Nap. Teverse side was come.”* the southwest of Cape rescue. trouble. The Bear, when the at once to the coast of Mr. made a special trip purpose of conveying cles. dis drilling, 500 yards of 1,500 pounds of ship and other carpenters’ t. 1 box of suow goggles, and lines and 1 box of value $1,000, ax are from ci’ theless, when the gifts nobody should be ove: seal, using spears, with sockets, Powder very sparingly, trouble to recover employ them again, The; o have no chiefs, patriarchal. have no de and clothing. of skin pantaloons. COMMISSIONER obtained from his re is about to be issued. ocean, anchoring off side. In 1871 thirt on the ice near Cape Franklin By their destruction went unheard-of hardships. them succeeded in renching the coast, and letters with a knife. On one side Tobacco. . WC. Nav. 10 m. The piece of wood eventuall: '. S. Bear and told the story B. Vincent of the bark Napoleon was at Port Clarence, Alaska. Koriaks, who keep domesticated They also hunt the whale, the walrus and the and - cult for them to obtain that they use them sometimes the = of their heads, leaving a fringe of coarse, black hair around ‘the forehead and sides, ‘which ves them the appearance of «0 many monks. are said to do this in order that the fly f their hair in the wind ma ild reindeer when they ure hunting. They their org: {f one man ac deer than his neighbors his wealth gives h certain amount of influence. Treasures Offered by this Govern- ment to Siberian Natives. CONGRESS GAVE THE MONEY. How Rewards Were Bestowed Upon People of the Arctic for Rescuing Shipwrecked Sallors—The Icy Graveyard of Ships—Story of @ Visit to the Frigid Northern Ocean. — + FF THE BLEAK ICE- skirted shore of far northern Sibera near Cape Nevarin the whaling bark = “*) poleon” was cangit and crushed in the ice May 5, 1885. The crew took to the boats, four in number, two of which were picked up by another vessel, The eighteen men on the two ovher boats under- Only nine of badly frozen that they soon died. The sole survivor, J. B. Vincent, was adopted by a family of natives which had herd of domesticated reindeer. With them years. “ On a board, which he sent as a message along the shore, Crusoe carved some as “1887, On the Help reached 1 & ten miles Come to his give. warin, Give the bearer some tobacco for his mossage was received, It steamed over Siberia and rescued the lost man. Congress subsequently made an ap- Propriation for the purchase of presents with which to reward the natives for their care of Vincent and his comrades. The Bear to Cape Navarin for the these gifts. On arriving messengers were sent in every direction on dog sleds to gather the people together. ‘The arti- ibuted consisted of 1,000 yards of calico, 100 packages of glovers’ needles, 8 dozen hand looking glasses, bread, 2 half barrels of sugar, 2 barrels of molasses, 1 chest of tea, 6 dozen combs, 5 dozen packages of linen thread. 4 dozen tin pails and pans, 1 dozen iron pots, 2 kegs of nails, with hammers, files, gimlets, saws ‘ols, 1 dozen rifles and 1 half-dozen shotguns, 125 pounds of powder, 300 pounds of lead, 2 bags of shot, 20.000 caps, 1,000 cartridges, axes, hatchets, bi 2dozen fox traps, 4 dozen pipes, tobacco, snuff, her knives, L package of fish’ hooks children’s toys, Total UNSELFISH RACE. It may readily be imagined what a vast ac- cumulation of treasures these things repre- sented to the natives, widely separated as they lization and its resources, ver~ were being distributed | they manifested the most remarkable unseltish- | ness. There was no disposition to grab and no one seemed to think that somebody else was receiving more than himself. quent expression of anxie: The more fre- y seemed to be that rlooked. These are the reindeer. ivory points set in bo: lead are so d taking great bullets in order to ‘ke men shave the crowns ng not frighten the ion being lates more na Poor men who er of their own join his band and as- sist in caring for his herd in return for food The dress Women consists of a large skin shirt and a pair of both men and JACKSON'S TRIP, Commissioner Sheldon Jackson, educational agent for Alaska, accompanied the gift-distrib- uting expedition described. These data are port on the «ubject, which From Cape Navarin he journeyed on board of the Bear to the Arctic Cape Franklin. That region is a great graveyard of ships. During the Inst twenty years about eighty wha vessels have been wrecked on the American side of that coast and twenty on the Asiatic ng three ships were caught d_abandoned. 1,200 sailors were cast helpless on the ice-bound shore, with a scant supply of provisions and 100 miles of solid ice pac! between them and escape. There was then no refuge station at Point Barrow, but fortunately they were able to get south along the coast until they met some ships which took them off. Chronometer cases from the lest fleet have since been found in use among the various household put ves along that shore as receptacles for Within the last twelve years more than 2,000 sailors have been wrecked on that Arctic coast. Nearly all of them have been fortunate enough to find vessels within reach to carry them south- ward to to arrive lization, but the occasion is likely ny Keason when they will be cor lied to winter in that latitude. This to a ‘ge body of men would mean slow starvation and death. count them with help when in, They could not subsist on the and no power on earth could reach the long winter had set Fortunately, to provide against such a tragedy, Congress has recently pro led money for the establishment ofa refuge station at Point Barrow, which is the most northerly point of Alaska.’ A building has been erected, thirty by forty-eight feet and one-story igh, which will accommodate fifty men comfortably and can shelter double that number if necessai ‘The walls, roof and floor are made double as a Pecan agninst the intense cold. A store jouse is also provided, with provisions enough:to last 100 men a year, a8 well as clothing and coal. THE HAZARD OF WHALE FISHING. It seems astonishing that men should be willing to adopt so hazardous a method of getting a living as whaling is no days in those far northern waters, But the risks do not de- ter the bold hunters from pursuing these val- uable mammals into the most remote accessi- ble regions of eternal ice. Annually they fol- low the whales around the most northern ex- tremity of the American continent and some vessels have even ventured to pass the winter in the Arctic ocean. The value of the fishery consists not so much in the oil taken asin the whalebone, which is obtained from the mouth of the animal. This is worth from $4.50 to $5 apound. The product of a fair-sized bow- head whale ut present prices will fetch about $8,000. A and yields about 2,000 good-sized whale weighs 150 tons pounds of whalebone. His tongue is 15 feet long, 8 fect thick and gives 12 barrels of oil. His from 15 to 20 feet across, The en mouth is lubber forms a coat around him from 10 to 22 inches thick. It is 4 feet from the outside of the body to his heart and the latter organ is 216 cubic feet in size. His brains will fill a barrel. A few years ago whales were plentiful in the North Pacific, Bering and Oshkosh seas. The steady pursuit of them has driven them into the Arctic ocean, where they try in vain to finda safe in the 10e. 1852 the wi fleet of the Pacific comy 278 vessels ant ‘the value of the catch ‘was @14,000,000. ‘That was probably the most profitable year of the in- dustry in those waters. Since then it has de- | problems. nando, ange bir Ns gh po bones of IS CONGRESS ‘mammot specimens of which he brought away. In the ever-frozen soil of arctic Alaska ba- ried food will keep for an indefltte period without deteriorating. In 1882 Lieut. Hay. U. 8. N., dug a well to a depth of thirty-eight feet near Point Barrow for the pur; ing the temperature of the eart! bottom of the hole there was nothing but frozen sand and gravel. At the bottom thé tempera- ture remained, winter and summer. uniformly at 12 degrees Fahrenheit, Ate depth of twenty feet a tunnel was run ten feet horizontally and for aceliar, Birds and meat placed in this Toom freeze solid and stay #o until taken out and thawed for cooking. Dr. Jackson de- scended into this unique storage house and assisted in taking out several reindeer and doz~ ens of eider ducks, which were conveyed to the Bear, making | very welcome addition to the fare on board the ship. Owing to the difficulty of digging graves In the frozen soil a common method of burial is to wrap the dead in seal skins, which are se- curely tied and fastened sbove the ground iu the forks of poles or elevated platforms so high above the earth that wild animals canuot reach them. Rows of such graves are sometimes seen extending for miles along the beaches, The Eskimo of arctic Alaska are still in the stone age. The manufacture of arrows and spearheads from flints is a living industry. Stone lamps, stone hammers and chisels to some extent stone knives are still iu ordinary use, The natives of the interior, being to a time. In making a winter house a celiar from twenty to twenty-five fect square is dug to a depth of five feet. At the corners and along the sides of the excavation are set posts of driftwood or whales’ bones. On the outside of there poles of driftwood are laid one upon another up to the top. Other timbers are placed across the top, forming the roof or ceiling. Against the outside and upon the roof dirt and sod are piled untiP the whole has the appearance of a large mound. In the center of the dome is an opening eighteen inches across. Across this is stretebed the transparent bladder of a seal or walrus. Thus the opening furnishes light to the room below. NO MARRIAGE CEREMONY. is wife's and is expected to hunt and fish for If he refuses to give to his father-in-law the furs he takes he isdriven out of the house and some one else moro active and obedient i installed as husband of the girl Sometimes a young woman has ten or twelve husbands bo- fore she finally settles down. Wives are often ged. The foundation of their whole re- ligious system is a belief in spirits and demons, Every animal hunted, every phenomenon of , every event of lite requires a religious ance of its own, At the mouth of the Kuskowine river an old woman was ac- cused of being a witch, So her own husband pounded her to death, ent ap her body into stall pieces, severing joint from joint, and then consumed it with oil in her fire. The head and front of this super- natural business is the shaman or sorcerer. Ho is believed to be the only one who can control the evil spirts and protect the people from them. The sorcerers are divided into seven degrees, being graded apparently according to their knowledge spiritism, ventriloquism, feats of legerdemain and general cunning. It is claimed that those of tie seventh degree a: immortal and can neither be_ kille: wounded; that those of the sixth degree can be wounded but not killed. The ordin sor- cerer belongs to the lower degrees, and only claims to go into trances, in which state his spizit leaves the body and roams abroad for the purpose of procuring the information his pa- trons are in search of. As a rule these sor- cerers are unscrupulous frauds, thieves and murderers, A DIFFICULTY ABOUT TIME. re winter time is one long night presents new The constant need of lamps in the school room isa matter of course, But a great difficulty is experienced in the contnsion of time which arises from the absence of the sun to mark the ulternate periods of day and night. Without a marked difference in the light be- tween noon and midnight all knowledge of time umong a barbarous people be They know no difference betwee m. and 9 o'clock p.m. Consequ school bel! riugs out in the arctic darkness at o'clock a.m. some of the pupils have just Roused up and brought to the echyol room they fall asleep in their seats, Dr. Jackson was much struck with a method of making sausages which is practiced on the Pribvlov Seal Islands. After the seals e kilied the flesh is cut from the bodies and carried home, where itis sliced into thin strips and hung on polestodry. When dried it is stuffed into the stomachs of tea lions, which pose. Atter filling each stomach with dried meat oil is poured in, filling up all the vacant spaces, Thus is made a huge sausage from two to three feet in d stowed away for winter use, The intestines of the sea lions are cleaned by the women for a different purpose. After being cleansed they are hung out to dry, and when dried they are split lengthwise, forming bands 3 to 4 inches wide and from 75 to 100 feet long. From these strips are made the fumons waterproof coats worn by the people, which are much lighter, stronger and a: an rubber coats, resisting Among the Eskimo of the arctic the larger intestines of the walrus are used. ter. This is GOLD AND NOT BRASS, But Mrs. Noodles Was Not to Blame for Her Doubts About the Ring. “Darling, I must ask you to forgive me!” Noodles looked up with some surprise from the newspaper which he was perusing and raised his eyebrows interrogatively. the fact is that Ihave just come from the -lers,” explained his wife. If you mean that you have bought some- back again right away,” replied her husband. “No, indeed, it's not that,” said Mrs, Noo- dles. “Thank goodness!” observed Noodles, It’s much worse, my dear. ‘othing that has to do w: could be worse.” said Noodles, ut I have a confession to make.” Well, my angel, why don’t you make it?” You will not give me a chance. “On the contrary, 1 am listening most at- tentiyely. Consider me your father con- fessor.”” “It has to do with my wedding ring—the rmg you gave me.” “Ihave always entertained the fond belief that no othcr man ever gave you a wedding ring,” said Noodles, grimly. “If I have been mistaken in that idea kindly let me know.” “You are the most provoking old dear in the world,” exclaimed Mrs, Noodies. “You always will insist upon joking when I wish to speak a jewelry shop “never was more serious in my life, my dear. “Well,” continued Mrs, Noodles, “you may remember that I said my wedding ring made my finger sore. Atall events the skin beneath it has been blistered for a long time.” “What did you wear it for, then? “What did I wear it for! Why, I don’t think it’s respectabie for a married woman to be seen without her wedding ring.” “Why not?” “Why, because it isn’t. You know very well that I have no superstition on that point.” “Tam glad to learn that there is one super- stition you haven't got.” “You are a mean old thing. Ihave no super- stition on that subject, as you know very well. Did I not take my wedding ring off as soon as we had been married and put it on again, just to express my disbelief in such nonsense} Of course, I did. Since that fat Mra. Jones had to have her ring cut inger after it had sunk deep into her flesh I have always thought that the practice of never taking of a Totaling ring was disgusting as well as idiotic. Why, Jost mine once for a whole week.” “Yes, I remember very well whole household bad for it.” {that ia where I discovered it finally, by a “Bat you interry, what I trying to mg. The tng mode oe po mindT Nope & room ten by twelve feet in size was excavated | The location of schools m a region where the | omex lost. | have beon cleaned and prepared for the par- | Some Interesting Points About Washington Recorded by a Maine Kepresentative. | The recent issue of the Maine Historical | Magazine publishes some interesting extracts | oxe or + of obsery- | from the diary of William D. Wiilinmson of To the very | Bangor. Me., while he was a member of the | Seventeenth Some of the entries respecting the journey from Bangor to Washington and life in this city are given below: Thursday, Baltimore at stage at 6 a, 12m., $0.50. t twelve a State House. SEVENTY TEARS aco, BIRDS AND THEIR MUSTO, ‘The Catbird and the Small Boy Who Stones: tim. ME FEW PRD THAT WILL AxewER RACK WHEN REVILED RT IT CAN SING TERT AWEETEY AND IS CLOSELY RELATED TO. THR MOCKING BrnD, Congress of the United States, | ‘PO THE PERPECT REAUTY OF A OMB trees, shrubs and flowers are essential, bat if the home be in the country or in the euburbe there is another element necemary to give grace and finish to its surroundings, to edd life and motion to form and color and crown the the charm of song. The birds end December 13, (1821.) Arrived at Sam. Left Baltimore in the mail m., took breakfast after 1 Reached Washi tnoon, fare 24.00, The House of Ki had adjourned. as much a part of real rural life nd Gowers. In one's remin Free Baneyt to, Povten. noes of childhood’s home nothing holds » | hse to "Em more permanent place than the familiar notes Teens yes of the birds, and when far removed from the Phere to Trenton... old homestead the ear by chance catches the mbered note of some favorite feath- XY nd it thrills the Dreast with ” tecond only to o loved one's TH sav 00 | | _Ifind the | say it ts only . he | 8nd 240 thence to Bang. great oxtont nomads, live in tents most of the | Sn bes shence to foiing Suer cinch ome ens luggage at New York and By Iwas on the | two and one-half days, » | Warbington and stopping | Expenses on | to Portland, ton, 312.50: At no place wer each, except at | dinner 62'; cents, | Thurs. De: | past one P.M. HL of Ker | —"¥ one or | a xcat—retar Frida; There seems to be no special ceremony among [approaching Washingtor these Eskimo connected with marriage. Among some of the tribes the husband joins famil; | 6 fee Capitol we p enter Pennsy the Capite }. Halt way a | tavern, wher Washington as traveled by mm: Dee. 14. y feet wide, into which the iron pickets, t high are set. Capitol, whic ‘one mile to the Py | unless requested to be left at some other par- | RECATITCLATION. Whole distance from Rangor and 734 . Some trom Washington 708, My wtage fare © section may snother, but the w 468 to Boste States has timore, 50 cents. 1 to Bangor i. the sonth te road rom from Portland to) | THE SCHOOL POY SPONDS #198 seven and Thore is x es it be the ubiquitous only one day Rorgs an : 2 the ree weal € Eng are try boy tha than 50 cents J.,1 paid for | ald more of stoning one of be high " lard ri these birds in a jor # and the best pert of Joy it as weil ns th . results nc Mi the fs Uneket by the brooks: t to the Capitol a kiven bad adjourne ertwin that two quon| ned to Indi In th | Capitol, ite two stupesd © kof elder tomak xno with wine aaa” ie liven the dr 1 wobool, the cute = Siig: Timeets him and taunts him wath ab about it is enclosed with an irc ion. Fired with ot this | picket fence, standing on a wall « after e. with & her « | foot high, which wall ix cap't himself iu a beat and waste until at les A very few houses near the hich he as pu h stands on a The ke bes pop se, leaving it on the left hand. & Avania Avenue, running west from t's ho} jown the avenue ts the Indian Q e the stages leave the n travellers | xp vowsare, | ticular place. Here one will have a room by . ° | himself, tire and candies at 12 of 14 per week. | 4,5, wenia “ = exe the aunp A bell for each room—the house is divided into | wee over, und b beaut all | Sections -a_ servant to a section. anum- | “burbs of our own Was tn the clump j ber of members, vulgs led a Mess,” put | of grape vi ax dow the creek, up, and have a separate t DAY Rtill be « th thar ery and As the house of Rep. was very fall, I could FS form as he not find a seat to my mind. Took one in the | f bushes, keeping juss |rear. The rule is, they wh attend, select | out of the etone which he n their seats, te | Sworn—each | form in his 0 | preached ex | Christ Jesus, thing. or unc | and evidence: | he variously gone to bed and are in their first sound eleep. | black—breeches, boots, h sociable mai He may be | sequent than pretty free Pres't or Sec wears a skull ing standing raising some tion of spec &c. for information, to what com’ referred. G Eustis, of Mass., and Randolph, of Va., spoke A very some. or reverberati speak with case. Sund. Dec. one discourse, Mr. the form of thereof.” tions, &c. ‘Tues. Dee. thing expensive and charged it, you can take it | C@28- House adjourned. Weds. Dee, mone; Friday, Dec. 28. Adjourned over to Mond Sunday, Matthew, our debto him. Mond. Dee. Adjourned to ‘Tuesday ver priation bi partment, Randolp Reed to a self. state rascal, cold. Sund. Jan. 2, 21—a full sabbath seen Monday, ‘with white De Neuville bad a gilt comb in ber hair; nar- what a bunt the | row wreath: bosom dressed low. bare neck; wn, brown “And it way stuck on the gas fixture all the | simple head dress, a light silk, and light white uze Over. "Tao, Jan. | He undertook to show the A small choir of singers, spoken, light complexion, little florid, expres- sive, unwrinkled. un, been Ch. Jus. 8. Court, XN. ¥. He is tall, about 45 years old, fall of talk, This day spent in passing resolutions requir- various subjects, which Mond. Dec. fine furniture—house furnished by Uncie Sam followed their Unitarian, Mr. Sparks, to he Gen. Macomb called on me. » Jan. 1, 1822. Went to the fort. All, without invitation or distinction, visited the Prest.-Members, Heads of Depts inisters, officers in the army and’ navy lndies—a ‘great jam.—a band of music in the entry room—inierchange of comp Prest. and indy continually on their fect, Indian chiefs from Missouri. The I richly dressed,—introdaced to Mrs. Mon: ‘Thursday, January Friday, January 4. Same subject resumed, » Smith (Md), is takn a drawing chemben® Drew It is eaid Mr. don't speak to each other except on business, and Gen. Jackson says Crawford is a damned Jan, 5. Reading in my room; very lines at a time. Boys this sabbath and every Jarvis and others for s term of Jistrict at Union River. Debate as to the money to be | 1°! raised for Indian Department. Night. a party e at Mr. Adams’ house, misuc and dancing. card parties and backgammon. Ladies dress, some > whi selected, the oc- | expects. Dr. Coues has endeavored | cupants have a prior right till they abandon, — | the reason for the “vulgar. prejuds Saturday, Dec. 15, Visited the Library, in the | this bird, Pparentiy | Capitol, —it contains about 10,000 vols. | M: lear pr bers may tal oks 2-8 vos. or 12 mos. a week, The fact im the A nor | 3 tos. or folios, 3 weeks to their | Took that wall aumwer atthe Houses meet at 12 adjourn at the haman member is sworn acc ‘ hi wn state. I lifted my hn: for thus invading the ssnetty of his Randolph sworn just before me —swor | birds retreat in when essai) Bible and kissed “it, Prayers in th j or other i pat he only dod | by the chaplain, the Speaker then jectile, gives y furt to hia tari a | chair, calls to order —the members sit with hats | forth # more sp 1 m-a-u. If his nest be | on or off at pl | robbed be will almost fly am the fhoe of the Sunday, De: 16. Attended public sery- | spor A follow bim as be ices Rep. Chambi concourse of treasuin and ladies, Only one exercise, beginning at 11 | Such tr: jam. Chaplain “of the Senate, Mr. P- soho tempore from these words, “In neither circumcision availeth any- circumcision, but a new nature nature, necessaty | sof Regeneration. A Methodist, modulates his voice, and has much oc birds’ nesti pird may Ie k and | mat hacks stand about the tavern as on other | spoken bin almaye sneaks thi tgvuee yLi82l] Monday, Dee. 17, Visited with Hon, | fellow a el ” Mark Hull, in hack, the President of ‘i United States.—waited in aud room— edt Ninn oxenad introduced. He is an old man dressed in The catbird’s plam: is decidedly commone r turned up, talks a | Place and as litde calculated to please the e littie thick, motions with his hands when tulk- | as that of any bird we know Dr. Coues save ing sociable, sedate,—about five feet, ten oF | of him: “His dees is positively ridiculous W eleven inches tall, rather spare, Me has two | couid hope to tive in hfe wonrite « peemereee, daughters, aalt jacket, a t p and a largo MM. CALNOUN, SECRETARY OF WAR, | red patch on the seat of his pantalo He is a tall man of about forty years, quick | tather severe, and it must be remembered that the bird d this ate at leat He appears to be a pleasant, osm respectable femily and clear headed, THOMPSON, SEC'Y NAVT. Asa ral 50 years old--more port and con-| the ed: Calhoun, and a shorter man,— | fiver, f be Adic-ack on anus anaes sity with him, though a spring will ser War. He ctards: hens See | bis purposes if the other eurroun — able. sionally he e found among tl currant bushes and plo pes on the far «t of the garden, aud if the grapevine arbor be too indusirionsly praned will condesc build his nert there, having an eve npc cherry trees and the strawberry patel, confeases to a weakness for nice fruit in ite season. orweems to be a pri 2h. CRAWFORD. cap,—is well proportione m'ces to consider and report on resolution nam special com’ees for the considera- subjects,—calling on the Prest. A'considerable debate as "eos certain subjects ought to be Wright, of Maryland, Mr. OWN COUSIN To THE MOCKING HIRD, Let no one supp the note that gives the catbitd his name is his only one; it must be borne in mind that he is own ‘in to that famous Fongst the mocking bird and ine | mean rival r, in fact, far from being @ r relation in this respe Bot to beat bis at his best rs «some cate, and the hour must be well our bird never sings for the vul, Lis more celebrated, but Jess exc Let the time be @ h ing in May or early June, e next has and now contains ite trea sh blue eggs, upon which the mother bird is patiently sitting. Is her | D master away flirting with other fair ones while she bears the burdens of the me? Not #0; he will be found . Perched upon some which he can command a view of. nd it approaches, and pouring forth Step softly and keep well is not singing for you and attendance. If you know notes of det {vou at former intervie: w fail to recognize the voice forward too eagerly to discover the prilliant performer. The crackling of a dry stick betrays you; the song ceases; you catch a giimpse of something plunging into the thicket from which, # moment later, you hear a longe drawn, sneering, contemptuous m-i-a-u. WHERE If BUILDS ITs NEeT. Iu selecting a site for a nest this bird always chooses the most impenetrable tangle of vines, and bushes which the neighborhood affords, so that the nest is often found in close proximity: to that of the pur birds that affect euch local ing very remarkable about 1 built of sticks and routs and fiuished inside fine rootlets, a lining which i* far from being soft and com the young seem to get Owing to y little in domestic life of the ’ to have bis family affairs exposed to the stare of the vulgar crowd. ‘True merit is always modest and retiring. He isa bird whom it will pay to cultivate, and if he can be iniuced to become more sect 1 Pet, | thle his society will be an acquisition to any . | Turelhome. Protect him from the boys and give him e for his nest and be wil! not be slow to give you atrial. He will take some of the bugs from your flowers and fruit, and if he does take toll from the latter be will more thaa repay you by his diverting ways ard delighttul Oriven East. A Barning Shame, met ov. 'y bad house for debate-the echo ion such, one can neither hear or 23. A meeting at Rep. Chamber, — Sparks preached, “Having ‘odliness, and denying the power 24. Routine of business — 2%. Christmas; no meeting of Dined at the President’s— Heard Dr. rgive us our debts, ‘Not a very ful h Morse from L we forgive | has not in l—the Rep. | him onl he has will 2 31. Routine of bu: ‘i e858 as usual. Wednesday. Foreign & nts, — 9 . o a Debate on the appro= particularly as to the Indian De- ‘Tracy, Loundes, Mr. Morse the republican two portraite Lincoln and Crawford and Calhoun (Ga), ot lots for lot fell to Mr. 6. Heard Mr. Hioughton. honse—poor isin ing—de con 2 skating without molestation. 7. Presented petition of Court jumes, some with roses, come with | From Puck. white, black crimson, Mrs. silk velvet. Mra. Adams had on a