Evening Star Newspaper, February 11, 1893, Page 10

CATRO TN EGYPT Interesting Sketches of the Ancient City on the Nile. ITS PECULIAR PEOPLE. Scenes in the Bust.ess Quarter and im the Native Portion at Night on a F e Oc- easion— Funeral a Craving for Backsheesh. ome -Ti T ng Star january 9, 1893. ne Even Not Cairo, Benot alarmed, however, I will not trouble you with 5,000 ye history. This big marble perch, covered with chairs aud peopl longs to Shephesrd Hotel. Pull up a chair and have « cigarette. No cigarettes? Very well, but everrbody in Cairo smokes cigarettes, from the khedise to the lowest beggar. Search any ragged Arab and you will find papers and tobaces. quare nearly in the city you will find big establishments where cigarettes are manufactured The cigarettes are all rolied by Tasked « young Englishman who bas a ishment why be did not use ma- rolling. “Shh!” said he, and looked lating paper and to- Most of the cigarettes Greeks. Ihave thirty of and if lonly so much as binted at a machine I should bave thirty my back that same night.” “But the law A CORMOPOLITAN CROWD. ged sarcastically. Greek kills an Englishman and he is immedi nd give him a bac in Cairo are made bs “Speak them bere. in ately nid by bis friends Mal on board « where rushed over te to the porch of Shephear perig mic yand on this m themselves. Here are . Germans, Freneh—all ple just read to start peopie just returning and full travelers who have done China, up tbe Nile of that trip Japan and India: others who intend to do so and are eagerly drinking in information. It is ® thoronghiy mixed up and cosmopolitan crowd of wanderers. ©n the street below, however, there i a still more interesting collection. Such acombination of « races and costumes was never seen outside of a carnival. Tne broad street in front of Shepheard’s is calied ¥ Asam. the Fabekiveh. It ix the prominent street of © new portion of Cairo and everything Of importance passes this way the natives with £2ropes: the older portions of people, but with a more n ‘@ curious lot of humanit ta front of the hotel: now coll fting, now scattered; the color ranging t black to practical whiteness, the cos- European frock coat to the rapery. Blue and the predommant colors for the men for the women. ’ SoME OF THE NATIVES. of men standing at the bottom of the entrance steps show much of the variety. ‘These are dragomen or guides, waiting to show parties sround. Some are Nubians, black as coal; others are brown Arabs: one ie a Freneh- man, who has taken a liking to Mahomet and to Dacksheesh. One or two are dressed in stiff European clothes. The others wear various colored embroidered jackets, flowing sbirts tied fm at the ankles. and either red fez caps of tur- Bane The fez cap is the mostcommon beadwear fm Cairo. Farther along is another crowd. These bors and messengers with a cos- is simplicity itself. A blue night shirt resching to the ankles does it all. A fez cap and sometimes « yard or so of » darker ma- terial draped around one shoulder completes the costame. ‘There are thousands of donkey donkeys in Cairo. . in the fashionable streets, in the ma the drives. ‘Ther area Fandenergetic lot with the persistency of ce seekers rolled into one. The dragomen and donkey boys are not lonely. Cotming and going along the sidewalk, bolding their wares up to the railing, are sellers of searabs, funeral statues, old coins, Arabian Here you see surroundings. In on the sidewalk You meet them daggers, towers, jiual with a couple of his neck, and a bim he will promptly haul bis waist. Close by tuguts turns cartwheels and until bronze-colored the crowd. W. interest is shown several More from email bor in pial deck somersaults policeman breaks u; ndering Fectlessly around is a woman with an egg held in ber She ts @ slexght-of-hand performer end on shgbest provocation will haul rab- dite and such small parcels from almost any- where. At the sume time there is s constant stream of foot pamengers. There is « water earrier, with an earthen-ware jar on his back; following are two veiled women. Bright colors are everywhere, there is an equal stir. dog carts. handsome victorias sinh cuschmen and cabs a degrees and of no degree at a . High-Lornyybite donkeys, end carrying rome ta hired AN AIRING. ely at the rear room, where come | seldom or | lected im groupe, | { footmen or sais. It is some big man's harem out for an airing. Again there is x whirl or a | dash. and the carriages all pull to the side. By Jove! that man ought to be arrested for fast tt his hat, fez or turban. A young man | i pen carriage touches his fez and is gone. It was the khedive, THE REAL ORIENTAL crry. Cairo in front of Shepheard’s, however, is only the bare outskirts of the real oriental | Cairo, with its teeming thousands. To really | see the city you rast goup the Moosky and through the bazaars. Before the new European | quarter was built street known as the Moorky was the chief Enropean street. It is | still the chief business thoroughfare and pre- Marriage Proees-| sents a lively appearance. ‘The street is just | wide enough to allow two carriages to pass, while the sidewalks are about three feet broa: Stores for the sale of European goods, jewelry, ine the way. At the upper end of the Moosky, by turning off to the right or the left, you find at the same time the real Cairo and the land of the Arabian Nights. Until it is possible to draw pen pictures in \colorsand produce motion at the same time the bazaars of Cairo will remain undescribed. Narrow. winding streets into which the sun- light filters and glimpses of blue sky can be caught through rents in ragged matting stretched above, with dirt and bad smells abounding. it is yet the most attractive place imaginable. Above you are often jutting balconies of graceful Arabian latticework. Now and then a minaret springs up, although | AN ARISTOCRAT. it is impossible to imagine where the | mosque can be or what it is doing | there. Surrounding yon on all sides are ori- | ental gentlemen in flowing robes and stately turbans, women vetled and unveiled anda mixed assembly of donkeys, boys and fruit sellers. The stores consist of little eubby holes some two or three feet above the sidewalk. There the merchant sits cross legged with ali bis stock in easy reach and either smokes hie pipe or busieg himself making new goods. At Sne moment you are surronaded by long festoons of slippers. | Red slippers, _ yel- low slippers and embroider slippers. Hoge gunboats | of | slippers, | which are used to tie on unbelievers when they enter the smosques, and slippers tiny enough to fit the daintiest toot in the most select barem. Fur- ther on multitudes of embroidered goods are made and displayed. Throagh an arched gate- way. into a courtyard,and you are in the midst of banks upon banks of soft-toned carpete. A tendency to follow your nose leads you down & side lawn Sato the | perfumer bazaar, where the air is filled wit the smell of roses and woods. In this way you wander through querters given up to saddles, to brass goods, to flags, &c. In the gold and silver workers’ bazear you find the men working in the metals with tools of the most primitive description. The display here | is not great. Only one or two pieces are shown | by each merchant in little glass cases. The | main stock is kept in little miles and brought cut for purchasers. There are large mer- chants and small merchanta Pushing litte carts before them are sellers of fruit, nuts, bread and sugar cane. In a little recess with » small table before ber tsa cook making little cakes. In the tiniest of shops barber is shaving a man’s bead. All this amid a babel of voices and a dazzling dis play of b-ight colors. THE NATIVE QUARTER AT NIGHT. The first glimpse we caught of the native quarter and bazaars was at night. It was not lonely, however, and it was not dark. The oc- casion was one of the big festivals of the year, given in honor of the birthday of Hussen, who wasagrandson of the prophet. The festival lasts fifteen days and nights, but the grand closing climax was the Tuesday night of our | | Visit. ‘The head of Husen is preserved im the mosque of Hasenen, which is the central point for the festival. When we arrived a dense crowd filed and surrounded the mosque. A short time before the khedive had visited the place and driven through the illuminated streets. In all directions from the mosque the streets were ablaze with light. Along the houses and crossing the streets in innumer- able arches were millions of lanterns and flags. Looking down the narrow vista the sight was one never to be forgotten, The streets themselves were solid with: humanity, carriages and donkeys, Even on those ways which admitted of carriages the progress wns only by fitsand starts. ‘The little eabby hole stores were all decorated with flags and in most of them men sat reciting the Koran to atten- tive little groups. Everybody was happy and everybody was good natured. The ides that the orientals are a grave, solemn race must be | SNAKE CHARMER. | given up. They like fun about as m any ove. have an acute sense of humor laugh a little oftener than we do. All froin Ce tellers | tertairing groups, con| were ) an Egyptian theater was blazi | merriment, in the cafes or rather thew bodies, and in holiday, & : ; B é | Seat malate ont at night fore disturbances, fed | g i aie 4 { E n He won't be, though. Everrbody | in all Cairo, during the week betwoen Christ-| mas and New Year there was not a single ar- Test for drunkenness or disorderly Debarior. | In to this during the ear at x seicia Lolt British and’ 1,7 foreign firemen and came to the quays intoxicated and were taken by the quay officers to their ships. PECULIARITIES OF FUNERALS, According to the statistics the death rate is not very large. Judging, however, by the number of | | fanerals you see on the streets the statisticians | don't keep a very accurate table on the deaths. At almost any Particular time or place you can. find a funeral hurrying along at an undignified pace. At « Cairo everybody seems to be in « tre- mendous hurry, and you can’t help thinking that they have got to get back in time to run out another corpse. fie body is carried on | the shoulders of several men in three funerals, | while in front ® number of men, usually blind, reciting the The standing of ‘the dead man can be judged by the number of these hired reciters. In the case of very prominent men many extra features are We came very near seeit an extra big funeral and were ‘only prevent by the unaccommodating spirit of our man. Our dragoman came to us oue day and eaid one of the cabinet ministers was and that his funeral would be that afternoon. They do not waste any time in Cairo between a death and the funeral and we prepared ourselves with confidence. Finally, however, we found that the funeral would not be that afternoon, as the minister was not yet dead. I don't suppose we will be able to see that minister's funeral at all now, as he is getting steadily better. His conduct shows the wily trickery of these orientalis and the little real regard they have for the feelings of foreigners. We were somewhat com- |forted, however, by the more liberal Jeonduct of ‘one of Cairo rich men who did die according to schedule. We saw his funezal and it was an elaborate affair. ‘The procession was headed by two cam- els, with big chests on their backs, out of which two old men were throwing cakes of bread to the people. Following the camel came four of the buffalo cows of the country and a number of water carriers, distributing water. Back of these were some jorty or fifty blind men recit- jing the Koran as they walked. Each |man was led by an attendant. Next| walked the chief mourner, man with his head wrapped in a shawl, and followed by a large number of his male friends and rel- atives. Following were a number of boys swinging censors and four boys carrying Korans on embroidered rests. The body was preceded by some twenty or thirty boys shrilly Teciting verses from the Koran. The coffin was covered with an embroidered cloth and was carried on the shoulders of men. By the side of the body walked women uttering shrill screams and throwing their hands in the air. Behind came a long line of carriages contain- ing veiled women. A MARRIAGE PROCESSION. A pessimistic friend of mine once remarked that next to funerals he enjoyed marriages. There was such a similarity. In Cairo one of the commonest of street scenes is a marriage procession. The procession is for the purpose of carrying the bride from her own house to that of her intended husband. As with funerals the processions with the standing of the peopie. All. however, haves band of some kind, if it is only a rugged Arab beating ons tomtom. Since we have been here the son of Riaz Pasha, oue of the big guns of Egypt, decided to takes wife, or another wife, as the case might be. His bride came up from Alexandria, and th ocewsion formed at the de} id marched to the groom's house. The line was headed by four men wearing nothing but loin cloths. hind came alot of mounted police and a large number of men carrying unlighted torches. A company of cavalry was followed by mounted brass band, which, if it was not playing “Terra Boom de Aye,” was playing the first cousin to that tune. More cavalry preceded a most gorgeous couch, all gold and embroidery, drawn by four black horses, with @ man foreach. Inside the couch was the bride, and she was followed hy a long line of coaches only a little less magnifi- cent than the first, Next toa band the most necessary thing for a wedding in Cairo is e woman. ‘There are a good many women to be seen in Cairo ands. good many more of whom only « glimpse can be caught. Owing to the long skirts which they wear an untatored western mind will often at first mistake a man for a woman, es- ‘ially when the view is from t! , however, one infallible gui Whenever you see anybody that looks like a woman know then that it ise man. If, however, you see any- body that looks like a big dilated balloon Be co! tit is woman. The theory is for the women to conceal the outlines of their forms, and the costumes they wear answer this purpose admirably. Nearly all of the native women wear veils of some sort. The higher order wear a white muslin veil reachmg to tho eyes, while the main body of the women wear 9 Jong black veil held in place by a gilt arrange- ment, somewhat resembling a spool, which goes up between the eyes. The women that you see without veils often have their china tattooed. It is said that the emancipation of women is even commencing in this land end that each year you wee more and more women on ths streets, At any rate you see a good many xow, or rather you see the shell in which they are inclosed. You meet them walking on the streets, with children perched on one shoulder, which is the universal method of car- rying children; you see them packed close as sardines on long drays drawn by humiliated looking animals, and they trot by you on don- | keys. If the costume of « Cairowoman makes her look un; eful on foot, is at any rate the rsonification of grace riding Then looks leas like a balloon good-sized meal bag. She rides man fashion, but with such short stirrups that her knees are close to her chin. 1 Gave bone told that many of the harem women have pretty faces. only glimpse you get of these ladies, however, as they whirl by in carriages with running Sais infront. Many of the women you see, however, are remarkable for their eyes. THE GORGEOUS #AIS. The use of the sais or runner is not confined to harem carriages, and the sight of these gor- geous gentlemen running before carriages is common. Most of these men are Nubians and are trained to the work from their youth. They run with extreme lightness, speed and grace, and are highly picturesque. Their costume consists of elaborately embroidered Greek jack- ets, wide, flowing white trousers reaching to the knee, and fez caps, with long tassels. In the hand they carry long wands. Their duty is to run before the carriage and clear the w: wed us 4 new shor phase of their fun. This festival was in honor of some sheyls with an unpronogneable name, and took the character of acarnival. One of the wider streets the native quarters was packed with people, through which a pro- ceasion of men and women in grotesque and fancy costumes All sorta of methods of conveyance had been called on, Men in imitation armor rode camels: jormed. An open carriage, by the roovs an Keyption dancing Her dancing consists simply of body. he is usually’ ac- of native musician NOT ALWAYS GOOD NATURED. Isis not always safe, however, to rely on the apparent good nature of people, ae my friend ‘Smith found out. As you go through thestreets here the people, and especially the boys, smile at you im an engaging way that you per- force smile back. My friend Smith is n stoutly iit American with only one sorrow, his in- ability to un Arabic. One day I went with Smith and his dragoma: ‘Smith was fal’at not being able to. mako out what the people were saying. He, however, did the best he could and returned snaile for smile with raiseworthy young Eiking tos took his fancy. Smith smiled at the bt be ex- ing all Smith wi tossed hima a eoin. something to his friend. said Smith to his “Mister, of “Hang it, extectate iim Then brother ae “Did he “Mister, “Drive Smith The population of Cairo is some 400,000, and | © 8 | shows his fighting qualities when an: A Seng of Hawall. Hawaii! island far away, On the Pacific tide, ‘Where ships like white-winged sea birds play, But may not long abide— ‘What means the signal that we see, From the fair island on the lee? ‘To all the islands of the group Bawali givesthe name, ‘The chief and grandest of the troop, It holds aloft its flame— ‘The burning mountain infthe sky, The flery banner flung on high. 0! Manna Loa, mountain grand, And Kilauea near, ‘Where waves of fire close by the strand From unknown depths appear— ‘TH the wild natives heard with dread ‘Their angry gods in thunder tread. Ah! °tis a record sad we read, ion there, hore they heard the tread ‘The Malay race seems dying fast, Like the wild sea birds hurrying past. But things so black and dread to tell Are dying with the race, As mountain fires, their dreaded hell, Seem dying out apace— While for the remnaut on the shore Changes have brought the open door. Blest star of promise dawning near, When news of Him who died For all the sheep, made life less drear By the Pacific tide— And the new life and light that came Shone brighter than the Loa’s lame. 'Twas Britain’s sailor who the shore Hatled first upon the wave— All honor to the race who bore ‘Their dag so true and brave~ ‘The Anglo-Saxon whom we boast Our fathers dear upon this coast. ‘The Sandwich Islands then the name, ‘That Cook, the sailor, gave, When, on the voyage, known to fame, He found by them his grave— And called them Sandwich for the Brag, Britain’s proud admifal in the van® DS The tempting morsel now they bring, ‘The Hawaiians, to this land— ‘The sandwich at our feet they fing, And bid us take in hand— What will it be! a wholesome meal, Or lava flame that we may feel. Tmay not in my soug decide ‘The qnestion now at stake, ‘The right on yon Pacific tae ‘The islands fair to take— But to our statesmen, wise and true, We leave yon signal on the blue. But still onr song must freely ow About the islands fatr, Where summer breezes sweetly blow, And springtime rules the air— Where palm trees wave upon the shore, ‘To greet the ships when balf way o'er. So near the Golden Gate they lie, ‘Those islands in the west, ‘The Stars and Stripes seem foating nigh, As if for them the best— And brighter may that banner seem For the red mountain's fiery gleam. Protect, we must—we may annext Let Princeton now decide ‘The questions that the powers vex, Who sail upon the tlde— Our wise men now in counsel here May tell tonight which way to steer. One ray of Paradise had strayed Ages ago beside Their altars, where all wrath was stayed, Bach trembling wretch to hide— Like Isract’s cities where of old No harm the fugitive could hold. Bright shadows both that told of One Some day on earth to come, To give the weary ‘heath the sun ‘The peace and rest of home— And one dear refuge found at last, ‘Where storm and fire and death are past. J. H. Curmserr, —-—_-c00-- FRIEND OF THE WILD PIGEONS. A Boston Hackman for Whom the Birds Have Taken a Great Liking. From the Boston Daily Globe. One of the prettiest mghts in Boston is to be seen every day about noon in Bosworth street, when Cornelins Bresnahan, a back driver, feeds his pet pigeons. “Con,” as his friends call him, is a fine, tall fellow, with a pleasing manner and pleasant face. He is not by any means talkative about himself and does not appear to regard his feeding of the doves as anything very extraordinary. But it is a pretty The | sight to see him—a great big, burly man— standing in the roadway. surrounded by fifty or sixty fine, healthy, well-fed doves, fly- ing around him, others st his feet picking up the corn in the snow, while five or six of the more familiar birds perch on his shoulders or on his hand, eating their food with the utmost abandonment. Every day the birds come on time, whether Con is there or not. These pigeons roost in the eaves of the temple or in the belfry of the old church on Brimstone corner, but exactly at noon they leave their roosts ‘and fly down to Bosworth street andawait Con’scoming. Somo- times he ia late, but the birds wait for him, and often when he gets to the feeding place he will find two or three score of doves cooing and fluttering in readiness to receive their corn at jot | his hands. Con drives back 269, and has been driving for nearly twenty years, He is well known all over the city. He began this feeding of the doves about three months ago. He had no ides of going on with it when he began. But he saw that the birds soon got used to him, and that they would come at his whistle, and after a while he found he conld call them by name. ‘The birds are simply wild pigeons, without an owner, and no one to feod them but Con. When Con is late along line of birds will be found waiting on the ledges of the Hortieultural building. on Bosworth street, but they will see Con as he turns into Bosworth atreet with his hack, and down they fly, sottling in the road, anxious for their supply of corn. ‘The major general, as Con calls a crooked- bill bird, is quite a pet. Con says the major general can lick any of the other birds, aud he y of them ocenpy too much room on Con’s The major seems to thinks that he has first right to Con's hand, and he will perch on bis tou rs and eat heartily while the o' to look on, Then there are the two “judges,” solemn- looking fellows, and Kit and Dan MeGuinnis, all of whom are special pets with Con. But they all know his whistle and eome to him. Con has a peculiar whistle which he uses to eall the birds, but he also talks to them, much asa motber would to her pet dar! “Come here, little one,” says Con, as a bean- head. “Come and ISLANDS OF THE SEA. Odd Facts About the Hawaiian and Other Isles Which Come and Go. LAND MADE BY VOLCANOES. How Uncle Sam Might Lose the Sandwich Group After Annexing It—Islands That Pep Upand Down im the Ocean—Now You See ‘Them and Now You Don't. SS OES A BOND AL- ready exist between the Hawaiian Islands and the United States? It has been asserted with- out disproof that the two are linked together by achain of fire, tho earthquakes of Cali- fornia having a rela tion to the volcanic outbursts from the craters of Kilauea, The Sandwich group, of course, is nothing more than an assemblage of gigantic volcanoes which rise precipitously from the depths of the sea, above the surface of which their verdure-clad tops appear. ‘There is ‘no vertainty that the archipelago may not dis- appear beneath the ocean some day. perhaps robbing Uncle Sam of a valuabie political and commercial possession. Volcanic islands all over the world. especially in the Pacific, have # way of doing just that sort of thing. nds which pop up and down give « great deal of anxiety to navigatora. Whereus water is necessarily unstable and unreliable, mariners ought te ight to expect dry land to stay in place, many regions bite of terra firma have a way of appearing and disappear- ing without giving any warning whatever. Thus a skipper may be puzzled at failing to his reckoning, or, worse yet, he may ran upon up out of the waves since be last came that Such uplifts make much trouble for the hydrographic office at Washington, which is kept busy plotting them on ite charts for sea- men’s use as fast as they are reported. Asa rule ships keep carefully away from parts of the ocean where changes of the sort are most apt to take place, as in the neighborhood of the arallone Islands, south of Japan, Unfortu- nately such reports by sailors are not always reliable, inasmuch as they frequently mistake the backs of sleeping whales or schools of fith Fanning along near the surface for islands and IN THE MEDITERRANEAN. Even in the ancient and respectable Mediter- ranean events of the sort described have repeatedly occurred. So recently as the year 1881 an island rose from a depth of 700 feet at 8 point thirty miles southwest of Sicily. On July 10 John Corrao, aSicilian, skipper. saw acolumn of water sixty feet high and800 feet in diameter spouting up from the sea. Soon afterward lense cloud of steam ascended to a height of 1,800 feet, On his return voyage, July 18, this seafaring person found on the same spot a small island twelve feet high, ejecting volcunic matter and immense clouds’ of vapor. The floating cinders and dead fishes. Two weeks later the island had attained a height of 200 feet and a circumference of three miles. Several names were given to it by mariners who cruised around it, \dy to land upon it as soon as it was sufficient! Three na- tions claimed it and it was foared that gun- pares would be burned in the controversy; ut before Europe had time to become em- broiled in war over the matter the island van- ished and so settled the dispute. By October $1 it was nearly level with the ocean, the crater having disappeared. At present the place it occupied is marked only by a shoal covered with many fathoms of water. SAW AN ISLAND RISE CUT OF THE BEA. Inthe year 1811 Capt Tillard of H. M.S Sabrina saw an island rise out of the waves during a voleanic outburst in the Azores near St. Michael's, When he returned a few weeks later for the purpose of surveyi ing this bit of territory not a trace of it could be found, The sea had reclaimed it. As first observed it was 300 feet high with a crater in the center. Its disappenrance recalled terious country mentioned in the Nights” which plonged downinto the ocean at the moment when the voyagers were going to land upon it. This island, however, was nothing more than a huge’ ash heap, which the waves quickly washed away. On the spot Which it occupied there still remains a sub- marine lava cone, the top of which is ninety feet beneath the surface. Islands frequently pop up and down in this fashion in the Azores. The convulsion is usually announced by violent earthquakes. Fire breaks ont from the sea and rises in a cloud of steam, smoke and ashes, while vast quantities of lava and other volcanic stuff are vomited up. At length a group of rocks is uplifted. which grows until perbaps it covers a space several miles in circumference. Such a phenomenon occurred eariy in June, forming near Terceira an island which on Juno 17 vanished, the lead in the place where it had been giving no bottom at 1,000 feet. IN THE ALEUTIAN CHAIN, Within a comparatively recent period an land has been added by volcanic agency to whatare now Uncle Sam’s possessions. On May 1, 1796, strange darkness fell upon the Aleutian chain, which mark the southern boundary of Bering sea. On the third day flames were seen rising from tie ocean be- tween Unalaska and Umnak. The fire at night illuminated the water brightly for many miles around. Finally a black rock grew up amid steam and smoke. In 1804 this rock had cooled sufficiently to be visited by hunters, though it was too hot to walk on with comfort. At that time it was 350 fect high avd nearly three milesin circumference. Continuing eruptive it went on growing, presenting the aspect in 1828 of a pyramid 1,500 fect high. Lately after a long period of quiescence it has again broken out, and at last accounts it was,emoking 80 as to be rendered invisible. Meanwhile it has been diminishing in size, and very possibly it will vanish altogether sooner or later. The whole history of this island of Bogisloy has been watched from beginnig to end. In 1779 Capt. Cook, the famous navigator, sailed right over that locality, but found no island there. THE MOST REMARKABLE EVENT of the sort described, observed within historic times, was the eruption of Krakntan. The island of that name was situated in the straits of Sunda, between Java and Sumatra. It was univhabited, its area being fifteen square miles, and it bad two lofty mountains, the taller one attaining an altitude of 2,750 feet above the sea, It was wholly voleanic, the mountains rising from the floor of » sunken crater. On May 26, 1853, at 4 p.m., violent ex- plosions were heard in Sumatra and Java, and early the next morning there was a much greater explosion, followed by « tidal wave which swept away many villages along both shores of tho straits, causing great loss of life. ‘The material thrown out in the shape of ashes and cinders spread over ali of northern Java and southern Sumatra, covering that region rable darknens, Shortly fame day, by one supreme of 1,500 miles. With sunrise on the following day ‘the dense curtain of darkness began to clear off and light broke upon a scene of un- porsiaied devastation. Krakatan was reduced a fraction of original Whi 3 cue PUHETyELT) G ale H j ‘f -) 5 i i f i ie a & i discover a long-familiar land mark to help out | @ brandnew piece of territory that has eprung | waters in the neighborhood were covered with | | uplifted to the southward and connected itrelf th, Neo-Kaimeni, forming promontory. These changes were accom) eruptions, the sea in the p= bed turns red, ue. Mariners kept at a respectful tance, for fear that the pitch between the of their vessels would melt in the water, which ‘had attained a temperature of 170 degress Fabr~ borhood becom- | bottom of the ocean. | | rising oat of the mid-Atlanuc, and other scientists havo exprossed the opinion | that an archipelago is in process of formation in the middle of that great watery expanse. IX THE PACIFIC. However, the Paciic is the great region of volcanic islands. The southern part of thet ovean is one vast archipelago, mainly of lave. Some of the isleware of peculiar form, being in | the shape of rings surrounding bodies of water. | The biggest of these ‘“atolls,”” as they are called, | is that of Hogolen, at the east end of the Caro- line group. It eight miles wide din the form of a oi | varied by hills and valleys and covered with | tropical vegetation. It incloses a body of | Water on whose broad expanse all the navies of | the world might ride together at safe anchor- age. These atolls are an important feature of the geological fort | world. They are | watery waste of the South sea, looking like the | last outp ken continent. At one time they were ordinary islands with moun- tainous centers, but in each case the central portion bas sunk, leaving the fringe of solid coral reefs built ‘by patient polyps. There | usually from one to four deep-water entrance | through which ships can reach snug harbors in | bad weather. THE CELEBRATED EASTER ISLAND, about which there is so much mystery, is a lonely volcanic rock in the midst of the Pacifte. Though its area is only thirty-two square miles it is believed to have supported for centuries population of at least 20.008 souls. It is literally honeycombed with caves, which were originally formed by bubbles of ex- panding gases during volcanic action. In these ‘caverns the inhabitants formerly dwelt and in them they placed the bones of their dead. Hundreds of such cavi- ties in the lava have been found crowded with jinnumerable skeletons, There are only afew | hundred people on the island now, but the | gigantic stone images and other works of art left behind by their ancestors remain an endur- ing evidence of a wonderful semi-civilization. +N PANT AGES, It is believed that once upon atime there were many more islands in the southern Pacific than now, and that great numbers of them have disappeared through volcanic causes. | seem to be held on the most secure terms. It is always going down or looming up. A now voleano 355 feet high was reported in 1884 bj the United States steamer Alert 250 miles sou of Japan. It bas since vanished. The Samoan masses of coral are in lava 2,500 feet has been ‘aid, the merely the tops of mighty volcanoes. After they had risen out of tho ocean the lava of found today imbedded al the sea, As integrated, Such black lava makes the richest ofall oils. Seeds fetched by ocean currents and by birds soon covered the isles with a rich tropical vegetation, rendering them ft for human beings aud other animals to live upon. No large mammals are native to the isolated islands of the Pacific, because they could not reach them, but hogs overrun most of them, | thanks to Capt. Cook, who made ita rule to leave a pair of pigeon every isle he visited. In the northwest part of Florida isa vast |area of swamps, and for many years sailors | passing along the coast have reported that they saw smoke rising from the great morass and at night a dim fire light. Exploring parties have tried in vain to solve the mystery, but they have found it impossible to make their way into the swampy region. Tho theory that the phe- nomenon is of volcanic origin has been wide held, though it has also been suggested that the supposed smoke may be nothing more than a column of mosquitoes. There exists in Oregon an extinct volcano which closely resembles the fire-belching moun- tains of the Hawaiian group. In place of lava its crater is occupied by a body of water six miles in diameter surrounded by cliffs which tower to the height of 2.000 feet. The lake, which is known as Crater lake, is the deepest fresh water on the earth. It is 2,000 feet deep and of lovely blue like the Mediterranean. Near its center a perfect little voleano rises to a height of 300 feet. The origin of this moun- tain is similar to that of the volcanoes of Kilauea, The central part long ago sank into the bowels of the earth, leaving the rim of the crater, and subsequentiy the small cone re- ferred to popped up in the middle. Rene Bacar. aes How the Ocean Became Salt. From the London Standard. Prof. Edward Hill read a paper before the Victoria Iustitute last evening on “How the Waters of the Ocean Became Salt.” From an inquiry into the character and affinities of the organic forms of past geological ages, the con- clusion was justified that the waters of the ocean must have been salt from very geologi i | } | y. There were two ways by which y might account for the salinity of the ocean waters from very early periods of geo- logical time. First, by supposing that the primeval waters were saturated gases which were held in suspension vapor surrounding the incandescent globe; or, secondly, that thy salinity resulted from a pro- cess resembling that by which salt lakea of the present day had been formed. He thought that they must conenr with Dr. Sterry Hunt that from some cause or other chlorine largely abounded in the waters of the primeval ocean, as by far the greater proportion of the ealts were chlorides, and cklorine was but very slightly represented in river waters at the preseut day. From the examples of closed lakes they could determine the process of ealinification with the utmost certainty. Throughout greater or shorter periods these takes had receiving the waters of rivers bringing down both me- chanically suspended sediments and chemi- cally dissolved salts, silicates and carbonates. ‘The sediments were precipitated over the bot- toms of the lakes, and the water being carried off into the atmosphere in the form of vapor as far as it entered, left behind the dissolved in- gredients. Theso necessarily augmented in quantity, and ultimately the waters of the lnkes became saturated with salts and carbo- nates, which were then deposited. The ocean was a closed lake of enormous jitude, and they were thus brought to the conclusion that the saltnoss of the sea might have origi in very much the same way as had that of the Dend sea, Lake Oroomiah or the Great Sait which possessed in common the character- istic of having no outlet. When the great en- velope of vapor which surrounded the incan- descent globe began to condense uj its eool- ing surface the resulting waters, though con. taining, as Dr. Sterry Hunt supposed, aci gases, were deatitute of saline ‘The process of salinification began with the first streams which entered the seas from the bordering uplands, and this process carried on throughout the long the silu- rian suited to sustain the life of formsof inhabitants representative of those whieh imhabited the ocean at the present day. These long agen might be supposed to inelude not o1 arebwan and azoie periods, but that which the first crust was in course of forma- tion over the incandescent globe. TEE EEGs COR ‘The Art of Conversation. From the Ladies’ Home Jo: L. Clever talkers—and in what department of American society are they not encountered?— le i g if 5 i 3 tH 1 Ei f i i a & with acid | the Heal estate in that part of the world would not | } ted by rolcanie | ‘green, milk white and chemi- die-| Volcanic eruptions are very common at the | During the past century | | crews of vessels have frequently reported see- | salphurous smoke, flames and Jets of steam | Dr. Darwin | | i —— She Gives Some Good Advice to Her Daughter. HINTS TO A BREAD WINNER. The Kind of Treatment That a Woman Mast Expect When She Enters Into Competition With Men—Respcet but Not Courtesy is All She Can Demand. -_ AM AWFULLYSORRY, my desr, but it looks nowasif you would have to follow in my foot- steps and be a bread winner. I ought to be able, with my experience. to give you some hints that will not only assist you, but also enable you to be less of a nuisance than most tyros. Possibly the first dra- | Gon in your path will be the opening of an office door. Well, don’t knock at the door of a public office. Even if the man you seck keeps many | clerks and an office | other purposes thau opening the | vor for timid | | cer stupid) applicants for employment. And it may even happen that the man of business | will have toanswer vour knock humeeif. | makes him mad and prejud jatthe very start You will never f | ciate this until you bave heard « bars | patient man repeatedly call | response to some woman's fee objectionable language | tween times because she doesn't NO REASON TO KNOCK. Then, too, there fs no earihty reason why you should knock. A business man is in his office for business and is not supposed to be engaged in anything else. If he | change his shocs or bis cr tle of beer, yon may be qui lock the door du: Gomto walk rightin and | questions and mal apologies afterward and very briefly. doubtless vems a mere triffe to vou, but it ix one of the most irritating man, MUST EXPECT NO MORE THAN A MAN. Tf you should patronize a dairy Iunch you group was uplifted by volcanic forces and | bring out your loneh ay Hawaiian Islands aro | jeter service, | which they are mainly composed became dis- | will have occasion to fre | to bear it in mind that alth: must not expect the man behind the bar to otherwise wait upon you. Your custom is worth no more to him than a man’s, and he cannot afford to give If he does it is most distinetls courtesy and should be acknowledged as such. ‘The bank is an institution which I hope you nd I want you right to expect it. The yielding of place in aline at bank is a very different matior from giving seat ina street car, though every one know that even that is given solely throngh courtesy. In short, having thrust yourself into anv place whatever, you are in no position to make de- mands upon the patience and kindness of those about you, NEVER BE FACETIOVS. In your search for employment never for moment be facetious, through rasstnent or a feverish desire to avoid being commonplace. Be serious even at the risk of | seeming stupid. No man will willingly take a “mart aleck” into bis office, especially « femi- nine one. He will know that a stupid person may be tanght, but a “smart one” never, ven if not facetious, don't make the mistake of ap- pearing too clever. A man, wants = sensible, telligent employe, but he likes to feel that he knows more than some, at least, of bis clerks, ‘The most satisfactory state of mind for a cler is to know, if possible, those things which ber employer seems to expect ber to know, but to be receptive and fairly ignorant regarding those matters of which he takes it for granted she kuows nothing. Much has been said about man’s delight in being looked up to, admired, revered by woman. Put it certalnly thority finds it irritating y “taken down” by a subor- dinate, And 80, I advise you, display as lite ignorance as may be regarding matters which you are expected to be mistress of, but at all other times refrain from showing off. Don't air your Greek in a real estate office unless it is asked for. If you mnst dazzle the eyes of all bebolders at least confine your scintiliations to society. In office suppress everything substan: tially but your hardest horse eense, your even temper and your obliging disposition. RESPECT, NOT COURTESY, MUST BE EXPECTED. And, darling, when you have succeeded in finding a place and have settied down to work, remember that while you may and must always insist upon being treated with respect, you cannot always expect to be treated with what you may regard as courtesy. While woman is today to be found in almost | every line of employment, she ix there not on the same footing asin the drawing room, but asa working woman. She is there because she has forced herseif into the place and mast and will remain. She is there not as a invor to her employer and those with whom she is thrown in contact, but as favor to herself. Isis not reasonable for her to expect that nice courtesy which she naturaily looks for in all of her purely social relations. In society association with her should be a privilege for the others concerned, not for ber. But in busi- ness she isnot in s position to dictate the manner in which she shall be treated. Her oniy remedy is to leave, and this sche must > if it becomes necessary in order her self asa woman. there are offices in which all the men are so thoroughly and unalterably gentlemen that they never fail to be scrupulously courteous, yet many a man without intending to be rude to his clerks treats them all with scant courtesy, the women as Lake ‘of Utah and many others | yourself riod brought the waters to a condition | fully roll as the men—be ‘thas no time for fol-de-rols.” TREATMENT NOT TO BE RESENTED, In your busines life you will probably be | incompetence, treated very much as one man would treat an- other; and this is just the sort of treatment y. need never resent, You cannot ask in any sit- uation for a man’s rights and a woman's privi- | twee I bat Jeges and immunities. X woman who has ber own bread to win can- | 22°, not afford to resent mere lack of courtesy or even radenesa. It is only intentional “fresh sore your need for employment. Indeed, I am ay omen sorry must earn your own living. as I have done: while I know that the working woman need not in the least sacrifice her self-respect, know, too, that she must and does lose many of daint make women so delight- The constant alert- But the most attractive and admirabie—the v most perfect—woman is the one who most com-| Chorus: “No; mends herself to fine women. I know it is charged. A BUSINESS WOMAN. | of the trifles that daily barass the business that you | nounced « ‘wire economy, for | it may be, by a foible —timi yet I} were born rich. ON NANTUCKET ISLAND, How the Peop'e Are Compelied to Go With. ome Matt, | THE REOULAR STraeR TAKEN OFF To ACCOMO- DATE THE PROPLE at comma VINETARD A Proce Ornice acTuORITiPS am } . | Nawrece ‘ January 27, 1888 Among the many Wa their summery ox juan she spend Island not ome, . Perhaps, Would recognise it as it has been these | Inet thine wee ‘The ruined wharves and narrow streets of {the olf whaling town, tt of tthe *Sconset, the ram! " moors evan the moors these * one ue oF. which extends across the i ice. and out. out miles and 4 quarter of « A bee enjoyed three suc for the ti is a minin pletely by | the earth « bal: | On the morn | which had beer | for the last time. je . j¢ | they Ix ernation, and with # of sunshine e day passed much like an- bim, The average Nantucketor jis largely im the majorstr, but cher rea few business men anda stail ¢ t | “of islanders” wintering here, ave unpa tient ander the restraint. The signal service cable to the mainland is working, 4 ts true. but eiters, wn shore have mbered by all wien the sed to leave the tala bod weather 4 be trip by the offer m some one whose presence on the mair on that as no extra n this particular tn Romo of many 3 | do not rumor began to be a tug bad been cabled, st private parties bere over with the mail the regalar beat of the 2 with it and put one hundred ok and Facks ashore at a litte On the 234 the weather grew warmer. The wind, what litte there was, got around in the wt and the tee began to rot but uo further effort bas been | made to bring any more mail. yet the contract calls for their daily transportation, Today the reason for this delay became known. Tbe Nantucket boat has been entirely withdrawn from its own route, to take the of the Martha's Vineyard boat, which is frozen up ia the harbor of Edgartown, and unless she gets free in some wry it ts pi will be made to bring or send # mailto 3 tucket exce on Sundays, the only day in the seven which the boat docs not have to go te the Vineyard. ‘Those who object to this detention of the mails believe that when the Post Office Department contracts for the daily trans portation of maile to end from a peint a isolated as Nantucket is some effort ough? te be made on the part of the contractor to carry them oftencr than once a week, even if there are some difficnitie: inthe way. Believing themselves in the power of the onty transporte- tion company running between Nantucket and the continent, the majority of the inbabitants of theisland 'areso subdued that the fear of antagonizing this company, together with their natural inaifferenee about eversthin has kopt them from complaining about such irregular ble that ties in their mail service, and unless some a f this kind g officials of the Post Odice irregularities will, perheps, never be known at headquarters, Winter has bot jost begun, and if the first three weeks arc a sasaple of what the rest is to be the chances are, unless the post office an- thorities uterfere, thi freight or passenger cou mainland ard only an occasional mail dartug the balance of the winter. If this was the in- evitable it could be acce):ted with proper but the knowledge that it 1s only the result parsimony on the part of the company engenders a feeling of unjust injury, and why Cottage City sh be supplied with 4 daily mail when to do so entirely deprives Nantucket of all mail fervice is something which cau only be explained by the fact that Martha's Vineyard is so situated that ber y choose, be independent of tucket in ite power and makes tts inbabflente afraid to protest against the injustice now be- ing practiced. ‘There are two ways by which relief ma: come; one is when in the natural order things a thaw sets in and the jee entirely dis- appears there will no longer been excuss for the boat to keep away, the other is an im vestigation by the Post Office Department. Maney Piste ‘The Use of Sudden Wealth, From the Spectator. The disposition toward mad extravagance, #0 often seen in wealthy young men, is not sh ways the result of means to gratify over strong desires, but of positive “foolishness” or mental which, under the pressure of narrow means, would not only never have de- “There "said s very great we never had enough to ‘Silly marriages the old in just the ame way the resul of judgment, but of a weakening ing power of the will. ‘The unexpected wealth are. tunate ns unfortunate, for é 8 al L ks if iit to eave, which on » small it A | y which is constanuy noticeable lso _on But we have also I i 200 Rain or Whisky, ‘Life. Bartender (es chapples approach bar): “Going to bave some rain, gentlemen?” 10+