Evening Star Newspaper, July 9, 1892, Page 11

THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON. D. C., SATURDAY. JULY 9, 1892—SIXTEEN PAGES. oe il RUHE. PRINCE BISMARCK. All About the Home Life of the Great European Statesman, HOW HE LOOKS AND TALKS. A Picnic in the Woods at Friedrichsruhe—A ‘bert Von Bismarek and His Beautiful Bride anda Pen Picture of the Great Chancellor's Wife. Special Correspoadeuce of The Evening Star. Hanpvxe, June 15, 1892, HAVE BEEN BUT A few days in Europe, and I have already had a good opportunity to see something of the great- est of European states- men. Prince Otte von Bismarck has a vast os tate within half an hour’srideby trainfrom Hamburg, and he gave a reception in one of the most beautiful groves of his vast forests the other (lay toacelebrated club of Hamburg. There was a dinner under the trees, and the affair was more like an American picnic than a formal feast. There were speeches and toasts in Bis- marck’s honor, and the prince and all of his family were present and mixed with the people with anentire absence of conventionality. Prince Bismerck chatted and laughed and made jokes with the ladies and gentlemen present. He moved about among them with his big dogs beside him, took flowers from the ladies and pinned them into his buttonhole, and acted, in short, like one of our country deacons at » He seemed to be perfectly nd he shows no signs of any trouble or sorrow over his change of life. The people at the picnic were his friends and worshipers, and among the features of the celebration was the raising, at the clove of a song, out of = pare hiddea by branches a gigantic statue of Bis- marck in the full armor of his rank as an officer. This was done by about a score of men dressed for all the world like the dwarfs which Rip Van Winkle sees during his twenty years’ sleep on the mountain. These men had long white beardsand they wore brown, quaintly cut coats and woodmen’s hats. Tho grave was on a small hilland the statue towered up among the trees, and when it was raised these little woodmen threw themselves down around its fest, making a scene which was pic- turesque in the extreme. As it stood upright a member of the club paid a high tribute to Bis- marek, to whom the whole was a surprise, and the party cheered. Prinee Bismarck made a witty and « pleasant response, and as he did so about fifty of the pret irls of Hamburg went up to the statue and threw themselves down on the ground about it, making aa it were © ® picture of beauty worshiping fame. Bis-; vek then walked up to these ladies and talked . and the hours which be the party was of a similar 1 came to Priedriehsrahe in ~ and spent the forenoon in ving about through the beautiful forests, | friend» and through them and day learned much that ia new | he prince and his life since he gave ats chancellors the German empire and became & private citizen. His whole fam- ily. including the Countess Hoyas, the affianced | bride of Count Herbert von Bismarck, were | present, and the affair was most charming in its | Tncony aality, frieudliness aud simplicity. PRINCE BISMARCK IN 1892. But let me tell you how Prince Bismarck looks a: seventy-seven years of age. He is as bis man you bave ever seen, and he stand: six feet two in hin stockings. He is as straight ue the mighty oaks which stand by the tens of thousands in his forests, and his shoul- ders are bread and fail. His frame is that of « giant, but he keeps it from fat by careful liv- ing. suit bix weight ranges from 186 to 200 10 The head of Prince Bismarck is one of tae most striking I have ever seen, and hiv face. a» ! saw it. haga far different from t neon im his pictures, Theve scomed ntire sewnee of sternmess about it, i nis bie eyes wore kind k grows angry, and he can’ be the cation of wrath. Prince Bismarck’s fully as large as was that of i It is rather ronnder than that * portraiis, but it shows th of character. The iton. Sometimes the wide at the side, again it came down over his eyes and now it turned up at the back or the crown was pressed out or in. He had a long cane in his hand and during a part of the day sat lean- ing his hands upon this as he talked. a -~ BISMARCK AN fringe, which runs from high above his large ears around this white oasis of baldness. It is now as white as snow and the heavy mustache, which shows prominently out from under his large and full nose, is of frosted silver, with a yellowish tinge directly under the nose. One of the most striking features of his face is his rebrows. These ure very heavy and they nd out over his full steel blue eyes like silver ristles. His eyes are rather fat and the flesh under them puffs out slightly, though not so much as you see in the face of Secretary Blaine. His chin’ is long and full and almost double and he hasa way of clearing his throat ashe talke and of moving his head back and forth in emphasis of his words. He articulates distinctly and his tones are by no means un- mt. He does not, you know, believe much in oratory and he thinks that eloquent public speakers are more of an evil than a good. He once compared orators to dudes, who wear shoes too small for them and spend their time in sticking out their feet to be looked at. His manner of speaking is more like that of our best after-dinner orators and he uses the simple conversational style, saying the most striking things in @ most striking way with little appar- entemotion. He talks in the same tone in rivate conversation and he is said to be one of The'most entertaining talkers in Europe. He has no airs of either tone or language and he made every one fee] perfectly at home at this feast. He is too great a man to be snobbish and I was not surprised at his great simplicity of manner. Prince Bismarck dresses as simply as he talks. He wore yesterday s long double-breasted frock coat buttoned well up over his broad chest, and a pair of dark pantaloons. Around his neck a ite necktie-like stock shone out above a white shirt and upon his head a soft white felt hat with a brim as broad as that of the som- brero which Ben Butler used to wear. During the afternoon he took this hat off many times and cach time crushed it differently in putting @ ai bi Win COUNT HERBERT VON SMARCK. was turned up BISMARCK'’S HEALTH, Prince Bismarck is apparently in the best of health. He does not look to be within ten years of his present age, and when I asked him as to oa 8: D HIS DOG his health during the few words I had with him he pointed to the table upon which were the wines and the remains of th food of which he had bountifally pertaken and a-ked me whether his diuner looked like «hit of a sick man. He referred to my own leanness, which is charae- teristically American, and spoke kindly of America and bis German fricnds there. He is, you kuow, very friendly to America. and during ‘our late war it was largely due to his influence COUNT HERBERT’ a that ¥ sympathized with the north and Foy pag tg me jon gnd the arrival at this time of his prospective daughter-in-law, the Countess Hoyas, prevented my having sp Sean lies eee eae ee ’ secure * re turn to Germany from COUNT BERBERT AND His BRIDE. ‘The little table at which the Bismarck family sat at this picnic under the trees was sbout four feet wide and fast lone. 5 ‘most beautiful women I have ever seen. She is about five feet eight inches in height, and her form is slender, but not angular. She'bas very PIS, bine even, roay plump cheeks, and she like ® bright, common senso girl. She on that day a plain white and red lawn and her only jewelry aa old as Couns: Herbert, ‘but the {wo will & fine looking husband and wife. Countess Hoyas is the daughter of iE hy Her yin weal itehead torpedo works belong to 4 LOOK AT FRAU VON BISMARCK. Iwas much interested in seeing the Princess marriage m she was as young asthe beautiful countess who sat ide of the sober, well-to-do Herr von Puttkamer, who owned an estate not very distant from that on which Bismarck lived before ho became a bilo man, He wes at this time o wild young fellow, and was known generally people of his section us the Mad Bismarck and also as “Devil von Bismarck,” and his carouses and his actions were the talk of the section. He met the Fraulein von Puttkamer and it was s case of love at first sight on both sides, and shortly after this, much to the terror of Herr von Putt- kamer, he demanded, his daughter's band in marriage. He suit in such a way that the old gentleman had to give in, and the marriage took place. Bismarck is nearly ten FRAU PRINCESS VON BISMARCK, years older than his wife, and be was then thirty-one, It is now nearly forty-five years | since their wedding, and their married. life is | said to have been a singularly happy one. Bis- marck turned over a new leaf shortly after his marriage, and he became studions and thought- ful. “He toon got into politics and from that time on he made a man of himself and shortly rose tobe one of the leading figures in the diplomatic circles of Europe. His wife kept pace with him. and once in speaking of her said: ‘She it was who made me what [ am.” The Princess von Bismarck is said to be the perfect specimen of the best type of the German wife, She has all her life devoted herself to her husband and her children, and in her sixties she is still a fine-looking woman. She is tall and dark and her face iss kind and motherly one. Her hair is now dark iron gray and her eyes are dark and smiling. | She was very popular with the young giris of the picnic. and I noted that many of them hovered about her chair and laughed and chatted with ‘ber during the after- noon, BISMARCK'S ESTATE AT FRIEDRICHSRUBE. I wish I could give you a stereopticon view of Prince Bismarck’s estate here. He has a big house on Wilhelm strasse in Berlin, and his other homes at Varzin and Schoenbausen are said to be very fine, but of them all he pre- fers Friedrichsruhe, and it is probable that the most of the remainder of his life will be spent here, It islittle wonder that it is 60, ‘There are few finer posscssions in the world than this, | ‘The old emperor, you will remember, made | him a present of it at the close of the Franco- | Prussian war. It comprises in all nearly 20,000 | aeres,and Iam told that Bismarck has been adding to this by buying new lands from time to time. The most of these many square miles of land is covered with virgin forest trees. The ground is rolling and a deep stream winds its way in and out through the torest. It is only | about fifteen miles from the city of Hamburg, | and if you will iinagine 20,000 ncres within half | an half hour's railroad ride of Boston or St. Louis you will get some idea of its value, Did it belong to an American statesman its mag- | Pp more since his re’ ‘BISMAROK'S DAILY Live. something in this way, and instance of his opularity these git are said to have been it than before, ied by his dogs. two hounds, so tall that they would to the height of the waist of an They are very dark iron gray in color and were with him at the feast man. they down inan instant and most probably kite ‘They are with hin, as I have said, all the time. Thoy sleep in his room at night, sit beside bim in his study as he works and go with him whether he goes abroad either on foot or in his carriage. After fnifhing bis walle Prince Bismarak ro- turns to his study and takes up bis work for the day. I asked his private secretary as to his book of memoirs, which he is said to be preparing, but could get no information concerning them, There seems to be no doubt, however, but that he is putting this matter in'band as fast as he can, and though he may not dictate the matter or write it himself it will be in good shape for his biographer and will contain a wonderful amount of unwritten history. Prince Bis- marck’s private letters and papers show that he is @ most entertaining writer, and his recollec- tion of letters must be one of the largest and most valuable of any in the world today. During a part of his working hours Prince Bismarck smokes. He likes a pipe and smokes amedlum grade of tobacco. finishes his work at about 4 o'clock and then goes out for a drive of several hours when he returns at about 6:30 for dinner. His dinner is at 7 p.m., and there are usually a number of guests present. The prince is noted for his hospitality and also for his table. He has a good cook and his larder is Les eee from his various estates, by his friends and by the markets of Hamburg and Berlin. His game comes almost altogether from | his own estates and such deer as he uses must | always be of a certain age and there is no such thing at Friedrichsruhe aa a leather steak or pal venison. The meals are, of course, served after the European table d’hote fashion and all of the dinners are full dress affairs. Frawx G. Canrewren. tee LAY FIGURES MADE OF WAX. Dudes With No Consciousn @ Shop Window. | HE. FOUR MOST ELEGANTLY ATTIRED gentlemen in Washington have regularly two now suits of clothes every week. ‘They have plenty of time for dress becauso they do no toil of any sort for their living,’ At this season of the year they may be seen at all hours playing croquet, reclining in hammocks in pajamas and otherwise amusing themselves ‘sppropriately to the charactor of the weather, In winter they spendgheir time in promenading, clad in the richest of fur coats, when they are not in evening dress at supposititions parties oF receptions. It is jhe misfortune of these per- ‘ons—for such chronic gorgeousness and ease were never intended by nature to be the por- tion of real human beings—that they are not alive. They are merely dummies, set up in a window on a Washington business strect for the purpose of showing how far the costume will go to make the man, notwithstanding hack- neyed assertions to the contrary. ‘The firvt thing that strikes the casual observer | about these individuals is that they represent a distinctly foreign type. One might imagine that they belonged to one of the legations here, ‘They are palpably Frenchmen, which is very natural, inasmuch a their heads were made in France. Their bodies were manufactured in New York city, but art in this country has not yet been applied suecessfully to the modeling of Being in nificent trees would have long since been cut up into kindling wood and as villa sites it would be raising the crops of “for sale” signs which | you find within half an hour's ride of all o big cities. They do things beiter in German Trees are not cut down here without other trees being planted to take their places, and this vast forest will probably remain here for enerations to come. Prince Bismarck isa great lover of nature. He likes to take walks through his woods, and he knows every tres and keeps track of his timber. He has « planing mill not | far from his house, but no trees aye cut where they will be missed,and [found in going throngh the forest that there were many nurseries and that young trees were regularly grown. amount of timber in the forest is accurately known, and a scientific measurement was la‘e! taken of every tree and its cubic feet of lamb: caleulated. Perhaps a dozen men do nothing ele than take care of the forests. There is a head forester, and be has his assistants, and these men Were present at the picnic. ‘They wore a livery of green cloth trimmed with velvet, which made me think of Kobiu Hood and ‘his band, aud the pretty wives of two of them wore ‘the short skirts and the queer headdresses of the peacant women about | this part of Germany. Tho breasts of their dresses sparkled with gold or gold-plated | buckles made of disks 24 big around us tin cups, and on the backs of their heads showing out from under-hats, for all the world like inverted sewing baskets, were great butterfly bows of some stiff black material, which stood out from | the head @ foot on each side. ‘The forest- ers have the animals of the woud to take care of in addition to the trees. ‘Thore aro a large | number of deer and wild oar in the forests and the venison for the table of Prince Bis- marek is supplied from thom. ‘The birds of # woods are also varefully encouraged and pro- tected and in going along a winding and ro-| {mantic road throaghs part of the estate I noted that the treos had boxes the size of a! cigar box, save that they were about twive as | thick, nailed up aimong their branchos and that each of these boxes had «little round hole in iteside for the birds to goin, aud I eounted hundred of these nesting places, BISMARCK AS A FARMER, In othor parts of the estate I found large | fields under cultivation and all kinds of farm. | ing going on. Prince Bismurck is a good | farmer, and I don't belive that his buttermilk | is like ‘that of Senator Evarts, about which when he offers to his guests he ‘says: ‘Which | will you have, gentlemen, Sham page ow butter- milk? I bave figured it up and they both cost me about the same price.” Prince Bismarck rides or walks over a largo part of his estate every day. He has a grea: | deal of farming foing ou at Varsin and at | Schoonhausen, and he has reports from these | estates regularly, He has some fine horses at | theve places and he raises all varieties of crops. | He isaxcientifc farmer, and he understands what should be done to get the moxt out of tho soil, and does it.” He has, Tam_ told, about 200 men to take caro of his place here, but this, I muppose, includes tin ands as well aa. his farts and his “house servants. The whole of the country about Priedrichsrube seems to belong im, and the post office which is here is mainly for him and bis sorvants. it which he rents toa fe dot pi of aaa a e @ lunc! during my stay. TRE MODEST HOME OF 4 GREAT MAR. Ihave intentionally left the home of Prinee Bismarck until the last of my letter. I want to tell you how he lives and something about his habits, 3 hones be by na teaans 6 praed cn. ‘There re many in ev ‘American peng Tt ss 2 Hala oratory bul many many long, nar- ee give Sere teat covered stucco, It of heads dnd hands for such dummies, Accord. ingly these latter are imported from ubroad. Itis the same way with dolls, The heads gre cast in wax and painted alleged flseh tints, the hair being human, both that of the scalp and the mustaches, Wax is likewise the ma- terial of the hands, original models for which were cast from real hands, and the blu veins are indicated with surprising fidel lines drawa with the brash beneath t ficial paint, WHERE THE DUMMIES ARE MADE AND RovG;IT. | Ail things considered, it is not surprising that | the really costly parts of a first-class lay figure | of this dese hands. ‘They are im: a firm in New York city, | which makes dam:nies an important feature of | supplies ures ‘apa sells for the arpose of what is called “window dressing.” | The latter has those days, | audmen who are expert in it command vere considerable salaries —as high, it is said, us $6,000 y A dammy of the best make can be | purehased for #125. It bas ball-and-socket Joints at the shoulders, hips, elbows, knees, | wriste and ankles. so that te can be placed in any attitude that a veal humun being is capable | of assuming. | ‘This is Ths price for adult dummies; children | similarly constr cost less. However, for | uurposes of the shopkeeper who forms to chow his good: leas elab- rve as well.. For example, to “s only a pair of legs is required. are either in standing pose, with the nees together, or thoy are in what is techni cally termed le." ‘The customer wants to vee not only how he will look when erect und | tatiouary, but also what the aspect of his lower limbs will be 1 bis admirers of the opposite vex vee him approaching on tho street. Per- sons who pretend to understand the sentimental enst of the feraale impression is very largely modified by the shapo of his lowor limbs, Did ever any one know of a lady kiiler who was bowleggod? VARIOUS SECTIONS REPRESENTED. So the best dummies for legs are ma Walking attitude, There are others which rop- re ent the upper part of the masculine frame, for only male lay figures are spoken of here, on which shirts or coats may be shown. ‘The now- est thing in this line is a body and legs which | may be used toge:har or separately as happens | to be desired. “Nhe bodies of thd lay dgures are composed of papier mache, the arms and legs are of wood and the feet are of iron, this las: for the purpose of giving them & strong and heavy foundation to stand, upon. Asa rule the frunks and lower limbs afe clad tightly iu jorszy cloth, Of coarse tho manikins are dressed just as helpless people would be, their shirts being putled ovec their hoads, their trousers being drawn over their legs and but- toned and their toilet adjusted in all other re- | spects to suit propriety as well as fashion. TUR WINDOW DRESSER's PETS. The expert who dresses the show window in which the four French gentlemen so con- stantly appear regards them all as friends, taking the keenest interest in their wel- fare, having always an anxious consideration for the becomingness of their attire, and not infrequently resorting to the paint pot for the improvement of theit complexions, | Unforta- display hese” | they make no conspicuous fuss o: SAVING THE SALMON. Do to Preserve This Valuable Food Fish. A NATIONAL SALMON PARK. How the Canneries Are Destroying the Sal- ‘mon—153,000 Fish in One Day's Catch— ‘The Most Wonderful Salmon Stream in the ‘World—Curious Bacts About the King of AN CONGRESS SAVE the salmon of Alaska? It is going to try, hav- ing at last waked up to the danger which threatens this valuable appropriated, itis said, without further delay for putting 9 atop to de- structive methods of capture, and probably millions of fry hatched by artifice will oon be poured into the streams of that region. Piscicultural science has at- tained such development that the propagation of a finny species to any desired extent ip a simple affair, requiring inexpensive apparatus and only @ little labor. The Senate has ro- quested Fish Commissioner McDonald to sug- gest measures for preserving the industry, and &n agent is to be sent at once to Uncle Sam's arctic province to examine the situation. At the sa;ae time the peril which menaces the salmon of Alaska is scarcely so imminent as has been declared. If there were an unlimited demand the fishery would unquestionably be wiped out within five or six years. Companies would set up canneries on every stream, hlock- ading all the rivers with nets and tray's so that not single fish could go up to spawn, and a. soon there would be no more to catch. fortunately, the market will only take a certain produet at profitable prices, and thus the busi- ness is forced to lit ite! is Year, owing toa previous glut, the thirty-seven canning concerns have been compelled to reduce thcir output to half that of last year. The fish they teeitinately need for their annual = a ht taken without causing any perceptible dimin- ution in the numbers of the salmon, but the trouble arises from their shockingly wasteful methods.” Not only do they prevent natural propagation by extending barriers across the streams, but they destroy many fish for every one they use. A WHOLESALE WAgTE. Their nets capture all fish indiscriminately. Some of the salmon have very pink flesh, while the flesh of others is white or only light pink. All but the first kind are thrown away and wasted, because the market demands pink- fleshed'salmon and buyers who receive any other sort think that they are getting a poor article. Although, as a matter of fact, the white fleshed sish are as excellent in quality as those which have pink meat. there is nota single cannery on the largest river south of Boring sea, the Stickeen, simply because the salmon that frequent it have mostly white flesh. It was believed by the aboriginal natives that this difference of coloring wag due to the differ- ert species of shrimps on which the salmon feed in various localities; the Russians accepted this view and it been indorsed by modern nataralists. HOW A SALMON STBEAM IS RUIXED. For the sake of illustration take a virgin sal- mon stream to which the fish are accustomed to resort in the spring of every year. Led by a wonderful instinct, they return always to the river where they were originally spawned and hatched. Ascending to the head waters t) breed, returning thereupon to the ocean, One day along comes a canning company and ects up a factory near the mouth, It stretehes nets | or traps clear across the river, allowing not one salmon to go up, and destroying vast numbers of them beside those which it puts up for market, A first-class ostablishment of this sort will turn out 2,600 cases a day of forty-eight one-pound cans each. At the end of haifa dozen yeurs there are hardly any fish alive that were ed in that stream, and so it coases to be a salmon river. 18 THE KARLUK RIVER. Nearly one-half of the salmon pack of Alaska has been obtained for many years past from the Karluk river, which isa little stream only about thirty feet wide and so shallow at times as to be not more than knee deep in the The reazon for plentifulness of the fieh in that local they are only obliged to travel a few yards from the sea in order to reach a Jakes, where they can deposit their sy Thus they arrive at the breeding grounds in eat numbers and without i - spring, which eventually re me river, being proportionately numerous. Hence in this stream ane itonishing spectacle ured to be witnessed annually, the salmon crowding it in | such numbers that there seemed to be more | fish than water. A similar p) observed today in some other Ala-kan rivers. On the other hand the ealmon which frequent the Yukon for spawning pur poses travel as” far a 1,500 miles in order to lay and fertilize their eggs, the result being that very few of tl breeding fish ever get back to the ocean alive. IX ASCENDING THE STREAMS the salmon must leap up waterfalls, run the gauntlet of rapids and chance other dangers, ‘They are very spt to receive cuts oy bruises, and she shghiest inju fastening npon tho wounded literally eating out the vitals of the fisi sequently, at the spawning seacon great num- bors of them may be een dead and floating down the rivers, thousands lying along the banks in rotting windrows, But the nosion so widely held that no breeding tahuon ever re- tnrns to the sea alive after i: bas wpayaod is ay, absurdity. Probably a majo, back vafely, to come again a pmenon can be year. but their jour- ney to the accan, simply taking the middle of the stream and shooting like arrows down tho current, Curiously enongh, nothing wh: is known as to the inarine life of the s Where they find their feeding grounds briny doep at other seasons and w pelagic habits are no man can tell, THE SUPPLY GREATER THAN THE DEMAND. Up tothe present time only a few of the salmon streams of Alaska have been worked by the canning companies, Should these be used up entirely many other available rivers would romain, But if there were a suficient demand only short time would be required for fishing them all out and for destroying all prospect of fature supply by Pluoing “barriers ucroas the streams. Accordingly it is realized’ that measures must be taken without further delay to protect this important industry—that is, to prevent it from killing iteelf, For itis a curious fact that the highly civilized whi man nover hesitates to annihilate a natural re source for the suke of a temporary advantage. it is merely uccomary z,) gators, tebe eu- acted by Congress in March, 1839, which pro- vides for the Ezabhment of any one who bara a salmon river by a fine of $250 for every day during which the barrier is maintained. Tie Law referred to further directs that thi President shall iasue annually » proclamation warning all Persons against such offenses, and that he shall eause one or more vessels to cruise with. Every year the ition has made, but ury ent been able to assign any vessels to the work tet of the fish get | 8 {| SN ye their winter supplies of | food, are wholly cut off from this resource. Tt goes without saying that the white man original Jrith his commercial intereste, | Only when the latter are seriously imperiled does to *fivere have been suggested for controlling the catch of salmon in Alaska, One is to the effect that weekly “‘close season” whall be prescribed from every Saturday evening to the Monday morn- ing following. This arrangement would permit some part of the “run” to ascend to the apawn- ing waters. Another recommendation is that nm shall not be permitted to be caught in any year during September and October, which arrangement w rmit schools that prokched the coast in two months to enter the rivers and breed wu Yet another notion is to limit the eateh from each river to the estimated natural productivencss of that stream, farming out the rights to fish to the highest bidders, who would necessarily protect Uncle Sam and themselves from poachers. This Inst in deemed the most practicable plan of all, and it is suggosted that the revenue yielded by it might be applied first to paying for the over- looking of the rivers, the surplus being devoted to systematic artificial propagation. CIVILIZATION WILL NOT DESTROY THE ALASKAN SALMON. Alaska will never sustain a permanent civil- ized population, partly because no crops of any Sort can be raised in the country. For this Teason there is a chance to preserve the salmon rivers, from which the fish would otherwise in- evitably be driven, sooner or later, by indus- trial improvements. ‘The salmon of the Hud- son, Connecticut, Merrimac and other eastern streams were not destroyed by overfishing. They were exterminated through the ruining of their spawning grounds by mills, dams and manufactures injurious to the water. The Sucramento, which was one of the greatest salmon streams in the world when the gold seekers visited California, has been rendered entirely uninhabitable for the fish by quarts mining and sawmills, 6o that there are none there any longer where conntless shoals once swam. In no region that is thickly peopled can the salmon possibly survive. Artificial propa- gation is unavailing under such conditions. A PROPOSED FISH RESERVATION. | It has been recently suggested that the'goy- ernment would do well to set aside, while there is yet time, a reservation for the perm anent protection of the salmon. The Island of Afegnak, in the north Pacific, 750 miles west of Sitka, is recommended as an ‘appropriate spot for the purpose. is a small island, only about fifty miles across, but it has several streams flowing into the surrounding ocean, which at the breeding seacon contain innu- merable fish of all the finest varieties—the“king”” salmon, the “red” salmon, the “silver” salmon, the “bumpback,” salmon, the ‘dog” salmon and the “dolly varden” trout. Here could be established a national salmon park, where the fish might remain forever unmolested. The island is owned by the government. It will never be wanted for anvthing else. To make it « reser- vation now will not cost a cent, the question of spending money on it in the future being one it may be left to be determined in time to come. “Artificial hatching can be instituted there any day on a yast scale if desired and the young fry can be sent in unlimited numbers for distribution elsewhere, ENEMIES OF TRE SALMON. The salmon commonly build nests by collect- | ing stones and piling them in little heaps, lay- | ing their eggs in the crevices. Around every | such nest may usually be seen a greedy horde | of tittle fresh-water sculpins und bullheads. Trout also gobble the spawn greedily and the | Young fish are eaten in great numbers by gulls, | dueks and loons. Bears are often seen stand- ing on the banks of the streams and striking | with their claws at the breeding fich in the shallows, throwing those which they catch upon | the shore and devouring the heads by prefer- | ence. In the ocean the salmon find other ene- | mies in the salmon sharks, porpoises and sea lions, DIFFERENT SPECIES OF SALMON. The most abundant and smallest species is the “humpback,” which averages only five | pounds in weight. Only slightly bigger is the | “red” salmon, which is the most important for | canning. ‘The canners first cut off the heads fins and take out the entrails, after which fish aro waf@ued. ent into lonathst ped,” cooked with eam and labeled for market. Nearly all of the work isdone by Chinese. bout one-haif of the salmon product -y, will pack this year 400,000 cases ~cight’ pounds each against $00,000 3 last year. Only nine of the thirty-seven cauneries are being operated. NATIVES Wo SUZYER. It is not quite true, as has been stated, that 25,000 natives in Alaska are threatened with starvation owing to the dostracticn of the salmon. ‘Those who suffer chiefly by the wa ful oy erations of the eanueriesure Aleuts, 2 500 in wumber. These people reason to regret having come into contact with the white man, who has reduced them to the last extremity by exterminating pretty nearly everything ch they have always depende for a livell nelading the seals and sea ts imo on St. Law- nd Cape Prince hunters by occupation, led to live in some other | will likewise be co way becau hb theft reindeer and other r3. “The 5,000 Indians in the Sitkan arebi- | pelago could ‘get along very well without the salmon, having the herring in countless shoals, the halibut, the rock cod and the email ehark ied the “dogfish,” from which last they de- rive a considerable revenue by seiling the oil from its ver to. the tanneries of Oregon and California, aS HONEY FROM CITY TREES. How the Lindens on Massachusetts Avenue Are Made to Yield Nectar, From one of the highest branches of the tree on the corner a litle gresn object was seen to detach itself, descending to the ground not after the fashion of an ordinary leaf, but in the | manner of a whirligig, twirling rapidly teoto- | tum-wise until i alighted on the pavement. | “Isn't that curious?” said the scientific young | man who had by pointing with bis stick called | the attention of the pretty girl by hia side to the thing. Then, picking it up, he added: “You see, it is a little bunch of seed pods, with a |leaf attached in such a way as to cause it to ‘ible. PetThese are linden trees, are they not?” asked his companion. “Yes, A few days ago, when were in blossom, you re nation’ thes were | great numbers of bees fiying out among |ibe branches. They were. secking honey. | Bees are much to the dowers of the linden, snd many orchards of the trees have been planted for no other ‘then to ‘ap- | Exglish university rowing, together with an ex- Alaska, which | SL Sw ee * aE BOB COOK sTROKE. ‘Technically Described by One Whe Has ‘Mastered It. THE STROKE THAT HAS SO OFTEN OUIDED TALE TO VICTORY—COOK LEARNED IT WHEN IX EKO- LAND IN 1873—a BLENDING OF PORCES To OB- ‘TAIN THE BEST POSSIBLE BRSULTS. From the New York World. ‘The papers Saturday throughout the country heraled Yale's great victory over Harvard on | the Thames, and today Yale men are rejoicing | and singing the praises of their “Bob” Cook, who for the past seven years has failed but once to prove that bis ideas of rowing contain all the elements easential to success. And well may they sing. The Harvard care men showed plainly their physical superiority. ‘So this made it the more evident that it wasa ® thorough mastery of the principles of the Cook stroke which alone won the day. Ingiew of this and the fine record made in the past it may prove interest to note @ brief descrip- cgthetene The “Cook stroke,” so known, was the erea- tion of “Bob” Cook through » special study of | M perience of five years asanoarsman in» Yale boat. And put to the test in recent years by several successively winning crews at Yale it bas | Decome of world-wide reputation. In the spring of 1873 Mr. Cook, becoming dissatisfied | with the American idea of how to handle an oar, | made « trip to England. and there by diligent | study and by daily toil in an English sbell, with | the best of coaching, mastered English idea, | which he subsequently Americanized to euit the differet couditions of shell, sweep and oar lock, and, with a number of ci trom time to time, finally evolved what is today cepted with implicit faith as the “get "or winning sttoke. This stroke not only works out beautifally in Practice, but the different movements which § comprise it may be proved b: ree to be | the ones to produce the wed yam ‘Theres recorded but stroke, i Yale University crew, by Peroy Bolton, | is accessible only to the captain, who ole personal su; m of same, | be published the standard of American would be vastly improved. But as this seams unlikely, in view of Yale's proverbial closeness in regard to such secreta, it then remains for ‘ome oue who has thoroughly mastered it in | practice to describe it. ‘On such a basis, thon, the one under! Principle of the *Cook’ stroke,” or indeed crew rowing, consists in the highest degree of skill—skill enables one to win—and i in its turn, skill de- hich implies | movements, but the science work, and vice versa, as, for example, the the oar in like manner must be ite to master in power 80 Testing while others are | in of the heave should be followed by a relaxation | of the muscles chiefly The grip of relaxed at a certain stage. One of the most dificult poin acquiring transfegring wrelght from one set of muscles to anethet the finish of the stroke should be so blended | with the recover that no hitch or stop is appa- | Tent. The catch, in like manner, should be so | blended with the heave that one continuous | movement only is noticeable, | phe path which the blade takes as the direct result of a continuous stroke is aptly illustrated bye body working in an eliptically verti plane, in contra-distinction to one pecking in rectangular one, where there would hitches at the angles. _ Of course the blade should go into the water nearly perpendicular to the surface, self-evident. But experience goes ther and teaches us that the bevel should incline slightly aft the Acrew, then, having good form would sent the picture of a well-regulated machine, | the different parts of which worked in junicon, That . to way, the cre Tow asone man, all catching at precisely the same time, carrying the stroke Gear and recovering together. And. to sum up, it is this pulling together, or uuison of power, which constitutes the keystone of crew rowing and is | absolutely necestary to speed and success. ‘The stroke may be studied under two heads— the stroke proper and the recover. The stroke ogine at “full reach,” as ‘The most striking points of this are a it back slightly incliied aft. the perpsudicube, | shoulders square, cuest fell, head erect, eyes front. arms extended, elbows straight, hands fin and the width of 4 hand ap: | the oui:de hand near the end of the oar, knees | bent and spread about a foot ‘Spart, wrists | straight and blade of oar just buried by the | water. The slide should be inst the chocks, | : amighty heave vid k hips as center, causing the head to describe an arc limited Us the hands coming iu contact with the knees, thus: The Lack becoming rigid in Powerful extensor muscles of inte play this the ile pasttion, forcing the body forward until the | knees are nearly straight, as =a The elbows. heretofore sie, nev tenan bent, and the i saws, on jos outside band comes in easily Aiea gis eT Se ee is Then the «peed tly reduced, tide tairly crocps to the chocks = § E 3 int on. the shoulders traveling than the scat, the wrists, depressed, gradually become body easily awstimes the posi stroke under the two beads have noticed three distinct of the body, the arms, the just how to blend these into one ovement is the hardest problem solve. And the ity Fl i 5 2 z le LF if ! reef fie crews on the frequently guilty of, ie the ehoulders for- heave before the blade bas become immersed, or, indeed, half buried by the water. ® general clipping may readily be, even, for % plays such an important Pert im the heave and is really the prime factor sending the boat, is lost almost entirels W. T. Bow. ~~ — eee TALKS TO MOTHERS. £ é ‘Written for The Star by Olive ‘Thorne Miller o™ OF THE MOST IMPORTANT DUTIFG of mother is to teach ber son kindness to animals, No sight in our boasted age of civilization is more painful, and none more dis Graceful, than the cruelty practiced by boys, and, I regret to say, by mon as well, upon the helpless animals in their power. I refrain from repeating the barrowing tales T could tell, of torture and abuse unworthy the rudest savage, which T have myself seen on the streets of @ city priding itelf upon ite civilization and hu- manity, Within its boundaries dozens of insti- tutions cherish and minister to not only the afflicted, but the idle and vicious members of the human family, and thousnds of mothers give their very lives to this service, while their Young sons grow up to torment the cat, mal- treat the dog and kill and maim every smaller creature they can get their hands upon. It i ® burning and @ crying shame upon us ase race in this nineteenth century, aud expecially Upon us ax mothers, ‘No one need say, “I can’t help it! my boy will @o #0!” Doubtiess he will not obey when #he orders him to desist; command, even punish- ment, will not eradicate that brutal inclination, asurvival from the dys when every man's was agsinst his neighbor. But if the mother goes to work properly she can accom- plish even this task. AROUSE YOUR Boy's INTRLLIGENCE. ‘The boy isa little eavage, Lis tenderness cans not becounted upon, bis sympathy is an un- known quantity; but he is # bundle of curiosity, his attention aan be roused—and here ix the Eee eek en. He must be instructed and terested in the lives of the lower ordevs of creatures, To this end the mother must begin herself. She must know something of the entertaining facts in the lives snimals—show him how the fy ia the office it performs, and, if pos marvelous beauty under the micro~ of life below us is brimming with d the child is fairly hungering for will not throw stones at @ ements he has learned to under= actions he is entertained by, nor an ant whose strange and remark- life history he knows something ‘Want to see what it will do. the only protection to his family it was thought thet bardnces of heart and crucle virtues, but the world has moved a little, and ily we have fallen upon a better time. The of the Christ life has not been utteriy t fruit, and the nobler men are now waking to the fact that cruelty to animals is not only an outrage upon the animal, but a thousand times worse Tor ‘the man or boy who pruc- tices it. How a mother professing to model her life Upon that meek and gentle one in Judea, nearly teen hundred years ago, can permit her sons to come up like the brutal savages who have afer different ideal is « problem Iam unable to solve, A WROXG TO THE nor. Much could be said on the rights of the ant ‘walk, as fellow creatures and co-tenauts of the earth; much also could be brought forward to prove their usefulness to mankind, but pass over these pointe with mere mention a ing the case uy the most selfieh gre Ese fondly wren to the boy a> tel bie tot dulge in cruelty. ery act of brutality hardens himand maker him “more ready for crimoe i» Lelio mun. I will not now open question of the value toa 1 being able to maintain his rights among his play fellows by “fighting,” which by many is thought to be an essential part of a manly boy's training. This is by no means a settied question, but eer ly, whatever may be one's opinion on the® int, there is nota shadow of excuse for his ‘ing brutal to the unfortunate creatures whe are helpless in bis hands. THE INDUMANITY OF OUR RACE is something frightful to think of when one stops to consider it, The heurt of any one ing common sensibility is wrung when ad] ae Ramen of Se piees Saenae streets, servants to our pleasure, an treated as if they \ywhere. And the dog—man's bumble slave! One'e blood boils at the memory of the outrages per= petrated upon that faithful Of the of eat at the bands the self of creation, “little lower than the angels” as be claims to be, wr 1s il be the'work’ A's pancrationy wot me it we & generation; not one, thousand ean do it but each » and boy that comes to man~ Sood jot tad humane will forward te good