Evening Star Newspaper, July 9, 1892, Page 10

THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, D. ©, SATURDAY, J PRE Pee eT A OO RCE ES ee ee ee ULY 9. 1892-SIXTEEN PAGES. HAWARDEN ‘the exchequer, with the result that the finance measures of 1860 formed s new and memorable for four hours he was so little discomy exhausted that it was lat take new departure, with the observation: “After theso inary remarks I will now to Gal ‘wim Ge sobjoct mhtter of ay ncial plan.” The bill for the repeal of the paper duties, which Mr. Gladstone introduced in 1960, met,| with vigorous opposition from the tories and was thrown out in the house of fords, but the wily chancellor @ year later iciroumrented the upper house by grouping propositions in one mi and thus the paper duties were wiped out. The country was tly moved on the subject of this paper lnty, for it meant cheaper newspapers und cent legislation, He pasted his post office eav- mvhile he was maki impassioned speeches lehe was making spec! me in approval of the strugglea for Italian liberty . in 1801 Mr. Gladstone was also planning other tac contim is i- CASTLE. jomestie reforms _ai ning T | ENGLAND'SGREATMAN Gladstone’s Noble Work Most Nobly Performed. EPISODES IN HIS CAREER. Sixty Active Years in the Political Arens— Some of the Important Measures Which He Succeeded in Making Laws—His Fam- fly—In His Eighty-third Year—Freedom for Ireland. Special Correspondence of The Evening Star. Loxpox, June 24, 1892. HEN I ENTERED | parliament for the seat | and lot borough of | Newark in 1892," said | Mr. Gladstone at a lib- | eral meeting in Lon- | don s few weeks ago. | It was the beginning of | @ sentence embodying | a single statement of | (EN, fact, but many minutes ABS SARPSS had passed before he as = SS could finish it, for the vast audience of voters and parliamentarians and members of the no- bility broke into a cheer that was literally one prolonged roar. It was an inspiring sight. ‘There stood that really grand old man, erect of form, keen of eye, with a surprising strength | in his yet most musical, ear-scothing voice, and displaying as ever that consummate grasp of every phase of every question touched. by the genius of hisstatesmanship. And yet his sim- ple statement meant that sl<ty years bad pasced since he first entered the political arena!—sixty Years, during which, mainly under his guiding ‘WM. Z. GLADSTONE. hand, the superstition that God made the world only for a few has received its death blow and the imprint of manhood been placed on the brow of England's democracy—sixty years of devotion to the cause of human advancement, a devotion not confined to the limitations of the “tight little island,” but taking in its em- brace the oppressed of all lands—~ixty years of ceaseless activity, of a pure life, during all of which runs a perfect faith in God and a sub- | lime belief that without His aid and blessing all human effort would be fruitless, A TEMPORARY RETIREMENT. On January 13, 1875, over seventeen years ago, Mr. Gladstone announced in a letter to Ear! Granville his determination to retire from the leadership of the liberal of sixty-iive, he remarked, ; two years of « laborious public life, I think my- self entitied to retire on the present oppor- tunity. This retirement is dictated to me by my personal views ax to the best method of spending the closing years of my life.” He! ded over the leadership to the Marquis of Hartington ant stepped down, “full of years : believed it But fortunately it rome months his ap- se of commons were few | and then he took such small | e occasion a a speaker | grim specter sitting however, the “grim a kat the leadership nat- | dnow in his eighty- . to dare question his y. , said Canon Liddon of us will ever mow eis; we shall never be til he is gone.” There | to the prayer that that | able to mea: will be many * day muy be far THE fa of Scotch orij ns stant. Last: ONE FAMILY vek baving been | rtow in the upper ward | ly After many years « younger branch effected « settlement in the town of Bigger. in Lanark-hire, and from this branch | ‘the statesman is descended. Mr. Gladstone's | father, John Gladstone. was 4 famous merchant of Liverpool. In politics he was originally a ig, but toward ths clove of his life he became a liberal conservative and was a warm admirer and friend of George Canning. He died in 1851 | at the venerable age of eighty-eight. Mr. Wil- | liam Ewart Gladstone is the second of a family | of six children—four sons and two daughtera— | and was born on December 29, 1809, in the | house No. 62 Rodney street, Liverpool. He was educated at Eton and at’ Christ Church, Ox- ford, and when he graduated at the latter in- stitution in 1881 he had attained the highest honors, taking a double first class. AB A SCHOOLDOY AT ETON. | There is an interesting story in connection with his career at Eton. He had excelled in verse making and in his last year, 1927, he was | instrumental in launching the Evon } , to whose he was the most fre- quent contributor. introduction for the was written by Mr. and it contained the following nt 1 preset undertaking there is one gulf in which I fear to sink and that gulf it is the * But still there | 4s something wi me that ds meh that I may to le prosperously lown the stream of public estimation.” Among his con- tributions b was paper on “Eloquence,” in which he seemed to have visions of parlin- mentary oratory, and of a successful debut in the house of commons, with perhaps an offer from the prime minister, a secretaryship of state and even the premiership iteclf in the dis- i EARLY MANMOOD. From Oxford he wrote home that he disliked enter perliximent. That be contwempiated s bar- rister’ is shown by the fact that Inn in 1883, bat after he Ssty on the ground the society on up his intention of being “called” ar 28 POLITICS AT TWENTE-TWo. When he was twenty-two years of age he re- eeived an invitation from the Duke of New- castle to stand for Newark. This, of coyrse, meant ap clection, for it was in the days | of “pocket boroughs,” and, indeed, his grace ings bank bill, which wed a great boon to the masses, put a limitation onthe existence of the income tax and the tea and sugar dut reduced the duty on fire insurances and cat the amendment of the law relating to the pur- chase of government annuities through the medium of savings banks and to facilitate the granting of life insurances by the government. LEADER IN THE LOWER HOUSE.S In the autumn of 1865 Lord Palmerston died, and Earl Russell became premier, with Mr. Gladstone, who was still chancellor of the ex- chequer, as leader in the lower house. Parlia-, mentary reform was soon grappled with only to of Newcastle was the very duke who not long before had propounded the extraordinary jitical maxim: “‘Have Inot a right to do what I like with my own?” Mr. Gladstone at this time is described as somevbes robust = appearance, with a bright, though’ altractive bearing. Hebad plump features, « full face, large dark eyes and eyebrows, rominent nose and the broad, intellectual forehead characteristic later years. The first parliamentary session in which Mr. Gladstone took part was ren- dered memorable by the abolition of slavery in the Britieh colonies at a cost of $100,000,000. It was on this measure that he made his maiden speech, which was fluent, earnest and self- |, differing widely from the celebrated jbastic display in the maiden effort of his great rival, Benjamin Disraeli. IN OFFICIAL POSITION. So rapidly did he make his mark as a debater that when Sir Robert Peel became prime min- ister, in December, 1834, he was appointed a nior lord of the treasury, and in the followin; ‘ebruary became under secretary for foreign fairs, thus early winning his statesman's aulets. It is worth noting that his first bill, which was favorably received by the house, had for its object the ‘etter regulation of the ca of passengers to the continent and thi islands of North America.” In 1838 the slavery question again agi- tated pariiament, and we find Mr. Glad- stone upon the unpopular side, but all the time winning fame for his great skill in debate. Toward the close of 1845 he pub- lished a work which clearly showed that he was advancing to the position of a free trader, and when Peel announced his intention of abol- ishing the corn laws and reconstituted his min- istry for that purpose. he made Gladstone sec retary of state for the colonies. The incentive MRS. GLADSTONE AND GRANDDAUGHTER, MIS WICKHAM. be sqnelched by the opposition. Subsequently which Gladstone gave to this great and most beneficial reform is well known. On it the pol- icy of the government was largely molded by him, for he was the most advanced free trader the government resigned and Lord Derby formed a tory administration, 80 vigorously did the country speak out on this question that the tories were bound to take it up, and a fran- | Gladstone, for he was all the time giving evi- | to alleged papal aggression, Mr. Gladstone ; j chise bili eventually became law. Similar meas- ures ona much broader scale were some years after passed by Mr. Gladstone. THE GOLDEN AGE OF LIBERALISM. In 1868 Mr. Disracli’s crowning ambition was satisfied and he became premier, and almost immediately Mr. Gladstone struck the first blow in the struggle which was to end in the. disos- tablishment of the Irish Church. This question was oon remitted to the constituencies and » great liberal v was the result, Mr. Glad. stone became premier, and his government from that time until January, 1874, is known as ‘the golden age of liberalism.” Tia principal events were the passing of the Irish Church disestab- | lishment act in 1869; the Irish land set, 1870; the elementary education act, 1870: ring move which abolished purchase in the army by the exercise of the royal prerogative in conse- | quence of an adverse vote by the house of lords | on the army regulation bill, 1871; the negotia- tion of the treaty of Washington respecting the el | Alabama claims, 1871; the passing of the ballot where he will as a private citizen, he is found in | act, 1872, and the judicature act, 1878. In 1874 meral to be upright, high-minded, brave, | | powerful interests were allied against the min- fiveral and true, Wat with all this foreigners are try, the clergy and the saloon keepers, ast often sensible of something that galls them in ee combination, being amongst the most his presence, and I apprehend it is because he | Defeat was the result and Mr. Disraeli again be- has too great a tendency to self-esteem—too | came premier. little disposition to regard the feelings, the HIS CAREER OF OPPOSITION. habits and the ideas of others.” The death of ; Sir Robert Pecl was soon followed by the dis-| The carcor of Mr, Gladstone in opposition integration of the brilliant band that followed | Was marked by the far-reaching controversy him under the title of Peelites, which resulted in his publication of the cele- A BRILLIANT EPISODE IN MIS CAREER. | — en a ek oho In 1851, when England was in a ferment owing | P10'“foty condemnation of ‘the Rexapyns | ties and the great debate on that question in showed his coolness in the face of a scare on | which he participated,astonishing all who heard the ministerial benches. At this period he | him by the undimmed vigor of his Ps published a work which created great interest | sleepless criticism of the foreign policy of Mr. all over the world. During a visit to Naples in Disraeli and later when that statesman became the previous year he learned that a large num- | Lord Beaconsfield, and his famous tour of Mid- ber of citizens of that place who had formed | jothian, which he successfully contested. the “opposition” in the Neapolitan chamber of ‘saeth TRIER MISTER, deputies were exiled or imprisoned by King | ho general election of 1880 resulted in « s ‘dina: ve 20,000 of his sub- joe Ey paw, = ison - pp oes victory for the liberals, and the queen endeay- ri Of political disaffection. Having ascertained | ored to get Lord Granville and then Lord Hart- the truth of these statements, Mr, Gladstone | ington to form ministry. But the country wrote to the Earl of Aberdeen’ urging his in-| pointed to Gladstone and he again ter ition on their behalf; and that noble prime minister. He formed a cabinet that for lord's remonstrances proving ineffectual he | general ability and debating power was con- published an indignant letter on the subject, | sidered the strongest of the century. In 1881 which was translated into several foreign lan- | Mr. Gladstone's ancient political antagonist andsent by Lord Palmerston to En- | died, and at the premicr's instance a monument lish ambassadors and. ministers on the conti | to him was erected in Westminster Abbey. This nent, with orders to forward copies of it to the second administration of Mr»Gladstone was respective courts. ‘This was one of the precipi- | long and exciting. It early witnessed the mur- tating causes in the subsequent overthrow of | der of Lord Frederick Cavendish and Mr. the Neapolitan government. “This episode,” | Burke in Dublin and drastic coercion legisla- says one of Mr. Gladstone's biographers, ‘will | tion followed. Then came disaster in Egypt, in the cabinet. 1x 1847 e he was returned for Oxford University and soon gave offense to eome of his constituents by his eloquent pleas for the removal of restrictions placed upon the Hebrews and for their ad- mission to parliament. The year 1843 was a troubled one for Eur: ‘ope, one of anxiety for English stueomen and « busy one for Mr. dence of the liberalizing of his convictions upon important questions. A year later, fol- lowing the riots in Canada, he fought for im- provements in the colonial system, and one ear subsequently he had his great battle with | Palmerston over affairs in Greece, show- ing his great sympathy with that country. In ble peroration to a trenchant and ex- peech are to be found these words: “Sir, I aay the policy of the noble lord tends to encourage and confirm ip us that which is our besetting fault and weakness, both as a nation | and as individuals. Let an Englishman travel MR. GLADSTONE’S LIBRARY. " culminating in the fall of Khartoum and the tragic death of Gen. Gordon. ‘The ministry weathered many storms, being kept only by the indomitable energy and masterly personality of its chief only to fall in a wholly unexpected manner on question of taxation, It was with a feeling of relief that Mr. Glad- 1882 he made overtures to Mr. Gladstone to | stone gave way to Lord Salisbury. But, this join, but that gentleman declined and Mr. | administration had passed the greatest of Mr. 3 | . Disraeli became chancellor of the exchequer j peri e ae land real for the first time. When the new chancellor | Of 1861, the Irish arrears Sth Be etre brought forward his budget it was assailed and | the franchise Codisteibatien seats and regis- “knocked into # cocked hat” by Mr. Gladstone, | tration acts for Englund, Ireland and Scotland. resulting in the defeat of the ministry and their eased | resignation from office. The scene in the house we ree Se a during the debate was one of the most lively | The first general election under the new re- qrer witnemed and bitter personalities were in-| form act was held in 1875. The liberals scored julged in. Then the Earl of Aberdeen bec and Mr. Gladstone formed his prime minister and Ste, Gladstone accepted the | bates si “sheng nore and responsibilities of the chancellor- | fire wen y arent 5 oe ship of the exchequer, with great expectations | feateq on } age saneal sealing ae of ie nowdnd brilliant era in Rnanes. It kas never | Thus the administration was prematurely cut bean denied that for statesmaniike breadth of | ;hOrt. The seoeders from the, liberals ever remain, in the estimation both of his fellow- countrymen and the friends of justice and free- dom throughout the world, one of the brightest AS A FINANCIER. When Earl Derby formed his ministry in meeption his first budget has not been sur | Eeret in iniroducing it ho apoko for" fve | letion which Immediately faloved they cap- with the greatest easo and perspicuity | with the torles Ninoed the liberals in the minor- ‘and wii he sat down “there was but one im- | it) ‘and postponed home. for Ireland. The poeation th ole of ‘that crowded | Situation at prosent is matt news- and brilhant assembly, a that England paper history. pean i, abe SEs a re 7 f i i A ee il gee f i address the house fora whole week and then | Hawarden castle, | | interwoven with Mr. Flin and they were married on the same day at Hawarden, Cath- erine Pau becoming bog Be ge ilynne beco: Lady ire. Gladstone is widely and Gescev ly known for her many philanthropic. enterprises, but even better perhaps than this the has proved herself tobea noble and devoted wife and mother. She has cheered by her sympathy her illus- trious husband in the many great undertakin; of his political career, while as a mother nureed and reared all her children and ever kept them in the maternal eye. ‘The union was bleased by eight children, four sons and four daughters. away from the trammels of office Mr. Gladstone taught his elder children Italian. “All the sons went to Eton and Oxford and the daughters were educated at home b: English, French and German governeases, close union of affection and sentiment. has always marked this admirable family. Mrs. Gladstone is at present head and front of the Woman's Liberal Federation, though she steers clear of the woman suffrage question. Ag A MAN OF LErrens. ‘Voluminous as the foregoing list of events is it does not embody one-third of the Parlia- mentary measures which Mr. Gladstone has bad enacted into law. No mention is therein made of the halfpenny postal card and the newspaper stamp and the scores of other things which bis brain has evolved so as to make life all the more worth living. Scarcely anything has been said about him in another light. As aman of letters his published writings would be regarded as a fair average life's work for a literary man who had been exclusively devoted to the profession. His “Studies on Homer and ths Homeric Age,” ise in 1858, yet remains his magnum opus literature, and’ exhibits wide and laborious research. It discusses the Homeric contro- versy in its broad aspects, the relation of Homer to the Sacred Writings, his place in education, | his historic aims, the ‘probable period of the poet's life, the Homeric text, the ethnology of the Greek races and the polities and the poetry of Homer. There is probably no greater living authority on the text of Homer than Mr. Glad- stone, and the ancient Greek race and literature have exercised over him a perennial fascina- tion, Among his subsequent Greck studies are “Juventus Mundi: gods and'men of the heroic | ago in Greste” (1800), and. “Homeric Synchro- ” (1876). His elaborate treatise on ‘Ecce Homo" was’ published in 1868, and in 1879 appeared his “Gleanings of Pust Yeats,” which in seven volumes covers. wide range of literary, theological and political research. His name is also on the title pages of numerous other works dealing with theological and political contro- versies of the day, and scores of pamphlets have issued from his pen. He has also been a prolific contributor to magazines in England and the United States, There is no form of art or industry in which his countrymen engage into which he has not sympathetically entered, and the fertility and resourcefulness of his mind are almost without parallel. Beyond all there has beon infused into his multitudinous labors, whether of a political or a social char- acter, a spirit of sincerity and a lofty morality. B16 LIFE AT HAWARDEN is simple to the last degree, and the stories of his prowess in leveling stout old oaks are told the world over, Hawarden Castle, most pic- turesquely situated, is now one of the great historic places in England. It is indissolubly fume, and future generetions will turn to it as to sacred soll. At present it is one of the few of political pilgrimage in this country. ft is certainly the most popular. and visitors havealwaysbecn warmly welcomed by the grand MR. GLADSTONE IN THE COUNTRY. old liberal chief. “The Temple of Peace,” Mr. Gladstone's study, has been tho scene of ‘man; councils of war—war upon injustice and wrong- doing committed for centuries in the name of A Mr. Gladstone's life at Hawarden has always been simple to the last degree. Abstemious in habits and fond of outdoor exercise, these have doubtless had much to do in con- serving that wonderful vitality which is as characteristic of him in his eighty-third year as it is of many men at fifty. He has afforded aa striking examples of physical prowess in the leveling of Hawarden oaks as he has of mental and moral prowessin the sweeping away of abuses in parliament. He is strongly and even emo- tionally religious. ‘Speaking of injustice to Mr. Bradlaugh, he once said on the floor of the house of commons: “When people see the pro- fession of religion and the interests of religion ostensibly associated with what they are deeply convinced is injustice, it leads to questions about religion itself which commonly end in impairing these convictions and that belicf, the loss of which I believe tobe the most inex- pressible calamity which can full either upon a man or a nation.!* As illustrating the versatility and breadth of knowledge of this remarkable man an anecdote is told which will bear repetition. Two per- sonal friends of Mr. Gladstone once laid a plan to amuse themselves and play a joke upon him. ‘They were to discuss in his presence some sub- | tof which he might be presumed to be jorant, and then, having pretended to dis- agree decidedly, to appeal to Mr. Gladstone to settle the point. The fun was to come when he was forced to confess that there was one sub- Ject which he had not studied, This plan they carried ont; but it was not so easy to find the topic on which Mr. Gladstone must confess himself “stumped.” At last there was discovered in an old newspaper an article on Chinese choss. Tho description of the game hud been copied from a well-known magazine. This seemed promising. The conspirators studied the article assiduously until they had become thoroughly familiar with it. “Then they waited for their opportunity. “It came when they were invited to a dinner where Mr. Gladstone was to be present. Seated one on each side of their intended victim by arrange- ment with their hostess, they began to put their scheme into operation. Mr. Gladstone had maintained his reputation throughout the evening for being thoroughly sequalnted with not only the leading questfons of the day, but every subject whic thus far introduced neighbors on either side began to discuss of ‘skill and chance generally. Every few minutes one or the other would appeal to Mr. Gladstone to clear up some particularly com- plicated point or disputed question. | Between m they skillfully led the conversation up to Chinese chess and soon found opportunity to argue somewhat warmly in regard to a certain matter connected with the game. They had studied the article so closely that they repeated much of it almost verbatim. Mr. Gladstone seemed interested, but said nothing. ‘The two jokers, inwardly congratulating them- selves for their success, continued the conversa- tion with more animation than ever. The host, who had been taken into the secret, was an amused spectator of what he thought was his honored guest's embarrassment. ‘When they had finished their mock battle, Mr. Gladstone took a sip of coffee, replaced tho remarked cup in the saucer pleatantly ‘‘entiarnen, I obesrve that you harg been rest. ing an on which I wrote Gladstone's name and | d been | yy those around him, His | “BILL” BRADY. A Railroad Detective Talks of His Experience With Bandits, “HOLD UP YOUR HA SDs.” Real Life Reminiscences of Western Rob- bers and Their Deeds—Robbers Making Big Hauls From Express Cars—Humor and Ex- citement Closely Allied. EANING AGAINST one of the big iron pil- Jars that support the roof of the train shed at the railroad depot at 6th street one day re- cently was a character of a decidedly unique > cut in the person of “Bill” Brady. To all outward appearances | Brady would have passed for one of the Virginia farmers wait- ing for his train to back into the depot, but ap- pearances would have been at fault in this in- | stance, as he is one of the shrewdest and most daring railroad detectives employed by any of the big railroad corporations. Brady is a mus- cular fellow, standing full six fect in his stock- ings, well tanned by the sun and a irit that is only at rest when on the scent of train robbers and tramps. He has been in the thief-catching business for railroads for the past fifteen years and has had an experience varied enough and thrilling to easily fill out the covers of several sensational novels. Brady is a good talker, but modest and hard to draw into a conversation wherein he figures as the most conspicuous character. A STAR re- Vaden’ had known Brady, first as a railroad rakeman, then as a flagman and finally in the | railroad business, as a conductor, The work of the latter position wae distasteful to Brady and | after the great railroad strikes of 1877 he drifted into the detective business as a special officer. Before many months had clapsed Brady had made aname for himself and the trampe that infested the main line of the Pennsylvania road held him in decided reverence and shunned him to the uttermost possibility. HI8 FIRST EXPERIENCE WITH TRAIN ROBBERS, About the first attempted train robbery and the only one that ever ocourred on that road occurred about six months after Brady's accept- ance of his new position. In some way the company gained a knowledge of the contem- Plated robbery and sent Brady to. run the ban- dits down if possible. Something like €100,000 | in gold and notes was what the robbers were | after and an unfaithful express messenger was | the originator of the plot. The plan of the | robbers was to flag the train at a lonely spot on | the road, about forty miles west of Harrisburg, | and after a suecessful raid on the express car | take refugeamong the many abandoned minesin | the Huntington and Broadtop coal district, some twenty miles inland. Brady secured the assist- | ance of another “special” and both disguised | themselves as tramps and, not forgetting to arm themselves, rode on the ‘buffers between the two express cars west from Harrisburg. The train was a fast one, and as it was in the dead of winter the two men suffered considerably from the cold. As the “train approached the spot designated a ‘shrill blast ‘from the locomotive ‘whistle warned the men to be on their guard and sub- stantiated the warning given to the company. As the train stopped Brady observed two men | mount the engine, and he and his asmstant de- | cided it was time to act. Dashing up to the | locomotive Brady called out to the men to! throw up their hands, a request that the engi- neer and fireman were on the point of acceding to at the point of the robbers’ revolvers, | Brady's reply was a shot from one of the rob- | ber’s revolvers that took off part of his right | ear and marked him for life. Both officers fired | point blank at the two bandits, but for some reason their shots scemed to have no effect. | Gaining the ground on the opposite side of the engine from the officers the robbers gained about twenty yards’ start before Brady and his companion discovered their movements. Back they rushed toward the rear end of the train and the four men turned the last car at | the same instant and stood face to face. Again | the revolvers cracked and Brady's companion | dropped to the ground with a groan and Brady | received a bullet in the right shoulder that dis- | abled him. The robbers backed off and disap- | | peared in a clump of woods near by. | officers were in the hospital for several weeks | result of their wounds. The robbers | escaped and were never afterward appre-| ended. Brady said at the time that the thing that {puzzled him the most was the fact that he | could “down” none of the robbers. He car- | ried a 48-caliber revolver of the best pattern and when he had fired at them in both instances had stood only three yards apart. The mystery was cleared up the next day when two breast and head plates of steel were found alongside the track. ‘The plates extended from the waist to the top of the head and were about three- quarters of an inch thick. Hoies for eyes had been cut in them and straps were riveted on to hold them fast at the waist and neck. WITH THE PINKERTONS IN THE WEST. ‘The recalling of the above exciting incident in Brady's career brought a smile to his face and a far-away look into his eyes. He seemed to be going over his inaugural fight with train robbers once more, and became quite commu- nicative as details of the past ten years of his life were asked for, “After serving the Pennsylvania company for | about two years,” said Brady, ‘upon the main stem, I drifted into the service of the Pinkertons, | and for six years covered the country west of Chi- | cago. For the last two years Ihave been back with the Pennsylvania’ rai and am well | satisfied to leave the western country to younger and more ambitious aspirants for fame in the role of a railroad detective. “My six years on the western roads have been at times dull and lifeless and then again so chuck full of exciting incidents as to make the blood tingle in my veins even yet. ‘In the east here the story of w train rob- bery seems almost incredible. That two men should walk into a crowded car contain. ing, say, forty men, two-thirds of whom, ac- cording to western usage, are armed, and after ‘holding up’ each one separately, escape un- molested, isa tale that is almost ‘beyond com- rehension. But incidents of that sort, you know, were quite frequent, but owing to dili- gent ‘and successful pursuit heve become isolated cases at present. My first experience with tain robbers, about which you were just | talking, learned me a lesson, and that is not to attempt to capture them single-handed or even with equal numbers. A train robber is as good as any six men if he can keep them in front of | ‘him, and he generally manages to do this. | | fravelers on western roads if they be citizens of that country know this and gencrally take matters easy, leaving the fighting to be done by their more reckless companion from the effete east. I have been ordered out ona dozen cases of this kind and in every instance I have found the wounded or dead body of the reck- Jen easterner lying in the on station wherost to begin my investigation and star purilic “ie robbers invariably wear steel plates under their clothes and frequently up to the tope of their henda. | They are bullet proof, and the b glancing off became more dangerous to the other gers than the robbers. Couple with this » remarkable pro- ficiency with the revolver and it can be easily seen how great the odds are against any one fighting train robber when he has made his preparations for attack and defense. “T cannot hel havi Not an admiration for such must hunt and kill that I @° steal- ‘THE ROBBERY OF PRESIDENT MOFFATT. “The pluekiest robber I ever heard of,” eon- ji | tik some mystery about it. Some think that Moffatt wanted him te big row was made about it and rewards In perhaps year, after numerous releases, it was announced thet » in Clay county, Mo., stealing had ‘The bank ‘confeased to Clay county, Mo. . ‘4 DRUMMER'S CLEVER “One of the most humorous 6 nection with a train robbery I have came into Pinkerton’s headquarters in Chicago during my employment by them. It occurred on the Denver and Rio Grande road. A drum- mer for a New York house was the chief in the little drama. He hed about 10,000 | worth of diamonds and jewelry about his the gang in tance, but only. two entered, tho ‘eur, each end, wherein the drummer sat. As soon as the train began to slacken speed, after a startling blast from the locomotive whistle, the ‘drummer’ appeared to know what it meant and went to work with the quickness and skill of a predestinator to get his the way. “**Hold up your hands, everybody!’ came command from both ends of the car simulte- neously, followed by an ominous click of the revolver hammers as they flew back, and two masked men stood before and behind the panic stricken travelers. Up went every hand, with one exception. The ‘drummer’ never moved, but kept his eye on the robber in front of him. **‘Joe,you go through the crowd and I'll keep guard,’ came the orders from the robber in the rear. 4 “The ‘drummer’ was seated in the middle of the car and when the robber reached him he shouted: ‘Hold up them hands! hold ‘em up,’ he repeated, ‘or I'll blow the whole top o' yer head off.” “would if I could,’ quietly replied the pale Dut self: possessed “drummer,” looking down at his empty sleeves, ‘but I haven't seen them for nearly thirty years. Ileft them on the field of Antietam.’ “I beg your pardon, sir! I wouldn't hurt a hair on your head for a’ fortune,’ aid the rob- ber, as he passed on to the next victim. “After the train pulled out and left the rob- bers behind with their spoils a great shout of lnughter went up from the entire crowd of pas- sengers, who had witnessed the ‘drummer's’ transformation, and, as he slipped his missing arms back into the empty sleeves, a mand for a treat was made and asceded to. He had been ‘held up’ before and was several thou- | sands ahead through his shrewdness. THE EXPRESS ROBBERY AT HAGGERTY'S CUT. “How about that express car robbery out in the Indian territory that occurred about three years ago? Did you come across it? I think it was near Haggerty’s Cut,” suid the reporter. “Yes, Iremember that well.” replied Brady, “‘as T was with the posse that went in pursuit The story of that robbery was one of unex- ampled outlawry on the part of the bandits and of the brave résistance on the part of the custodians of Wells. Fargo & Co.'s property. The robbers got everything in sight. In the battle between the messengers and the bandits nearly 200 shots were fired, but no one was killed, owing to the steel breast plates, of which I have spoken, which were worn by ‘the messengers as well at the robbera, “It was 10 o'clock when the train reached Haggerty’s Cut. Just as it was pulling out a few minutes later two men, with black masks covering their faces, jumped suddenly in the engine's cab from the tender and, covering the engineer and fireman with their revolvers, com- manded them to run the train down to the stock yards and to stop at a given signal. The ineer obeyed the command. To have re~ would have meant death. When the train stopped the two robbers were joined by five matted companions, ‘Thelt leater sone. manded the engineer and fireman to walk back to the express car and ordered the fireman to break open the door with his coal pick. “The messenger and guard, anticipating what was going on, had blown out the lights in the car and refused to let any one enter. The bandits then opened fire upon the car from all sides, but the two men within responded Promptly. aiming all their ehots at the door. i men shot into the car from all arters, even getting under it and shooting rough ‘the floor. Their firing was all to no effect, tor the messengers bravely stood their Ground. In tie meantime ono of the robbers wd chopped a hole in the door of the car large enough to admit @ man’s body, and the fireman was told to crawl through it into the car. ‘This e sist Both | placed him literally between two fires and the | engineer seeing that it meant death to his eom- paniog explained the situation to the messen- gers within and told them to cease firing. “When the robbers at last entered the ex- press car they covered those within with thoir ns,and with a sledge hammer and chisel roke open the safes and secured romething ¢ $55,000. The robbers were described by several of the passengers who talked with them as being well dressed and of gentlemanly ap- peurance and beating. This was especially true of the leader, who Ihave always Trought was one of the James boys, who apologized to the engineer for a rough remark made by one of his crowd and promised him that it should not occur again. ‘The leader, in conversation with a passenger, asked for some smoking to- bacco. - The passenger i tail pocket for it, when the robber told him i it was in his hip pocket he better not at- tempt to get it, “After the robbery the men mounted their horses and rode off to the southwest, and six hours later we were after them. But it was no use. They had provided themselves with fine horses,and after a chase of three days, in which cur hardships were of the extreme kind, we gave up the chase and returned to the station. lying around there for a couple of days, | regaining much needed strength, I started out alone, tracked them down into Texas, but lost the trail in the neighborhood of Dallas, and the gang was never caught. That was my last ex- perience with train robbers in the west, and shortly afterward I returned east and got ‘back into my old berth with the Pennsylvania com- —— eee Why People Lose Weight in Summer. From the Boston Commercial Bulletin. . To most persons the summer season is a time of excitement instead of quiet rest, as it should be. With the approach of warm weather most ple begin to Iny plans for vacations and en- Jovmenta and little while have worked themselves into a state of excited anticipation. { Not only this, but they undertake excursions requiring considerable travel, either by land or water, so that di the heated term they have completely departed from the quiet of life trodden so steadily all the rest of the year. Now, it is a well-known fact that the majorit; of people lore weight during the summer.» This logs is generally accounted for by the smaller quantity of food consumed during warm weather, but we should say that the excitement incidental to vacations and traveling was as much responsible for it as the other. It is a question if our Indian summer, the most charm- ing season of the year, would not make a better vacation period for the majority of people, From Life. meral de- | | BEESFORUNCLEJERRY A Swarm of Honey Getters Locates at His Departmen HIVED IN A BIG VASE. ‘They Bring Good Luck—How It Happened and What Will Become of Them—Their Curious Building and Other Mabits—A Bad Place to Pick Out—Wonders About Bees. —eateneneenlpeaaiemenesise: HEN A SWARM OF strange bees comes and settles on one's prom- ises it brings good luck, #0 the current superstition says. Sec- retary Rusk ought to congratulate himself, therefore, on the acqui- sition of a buzzing colony which arrived = see the other day from ~% some unknown source and took up ite quarters at the main building of the Agricultural Department. Such interest | in the matter is felt by the official staff that every visitor is asked to observe the busy honey | makers, as they fly in and out of the vase that crowns the tall column on the left-hand side of the principal entrance. In this wrious place, among the cast-iron fruits that fill. the reoop- tacle aforesaid, they have begun to build their ve, A STRAY SWARM. “Where did these bees come from?” people ask. Undoubtedly from some one of several spiaries which are maintained in this neighbor- hood, They are a stray swarm. This bei | the season when flowers are most plentif business was particularly good in the parent hive just before they left it. A large stock of honey had already been laid in, the population had been multiplied to the point of crowding and the queen was ready to lead a company of enterprising members of the community out and away to some spot favorable for founding another colony and constructing another dwell- ing. Other queens, one of whom would take her place after her departure, were in their | cells and about to be hatched. So one fine day, about a fortnight ago, ehe | flew out of the hive’ with a swarm of workers, | each of the latter having filled herself prelimi | narily with as much honey as she could hold. | | and at the Sue the calle which they oo- cay arecuiel over ats mae Wenn ‘con- fined they are transformed into perfect winged insects, finally biting their way cut and immediately taking up the duty of murecs in ‘their turn. WATER-TIGMT CELLS. So carefully is the wat claborated and fashioned by the bees that the cells are always absolutely water tight. Their dwelling, once completed, sa marvel of construction. ‘The combs are rows of rooms unsurpamably suit- bie for feeding and nursing the young larem, for safely warebousing the provisions gai nd for accommodating the tired workers when | they need rest. Corridors run between, afford- | ing every facility to the busy throng walking on the ladders which the edges of their apart: ments supply. while the plauuing of the whole is such that the exactions of madern hygiene are fully met in to ventilation, pure air sweeping past the y of every ii it of the insect city, Unfortunately ‘the «warm of bees which has taken up its quarters in the vase over the door of the Department of Agriculture did not make & very good choice of a location. There cannot be much «pace in the interstices of the iron work for the storage of honey, and it seems pr that they will soon use up what stor age room there is, Then, asis the custom of the insects under such circumstances, they will Telinguish Inbor and devote themselves to idle- ness. A few weeks hence the casual passerby will be likely to eee them hanging in « bunch from the fruit at the top of the column, When winter bas arrived and they have undertaken to hibernate in the vase, the heat of their bodies inside of the receptacle and the cold and snow outside will be apt to render the hive damp, and they will all die perhaps. Bat it i likely’ that Mr. Frank Benton, the bee expert of the de- partment, will rescue them by taking them down and putting them into proper sort of box. Itis worth mentioning, by the way, that in the orient swarms of bees of wild or domes ticated stocks are very commonly found residing in the pillars or other portions of old ruins, So thick are they in some ruins that the investi- gating tourist is obliged to take great care to prevent being stung. THE REE STINGS, Mr. Benton says that the bees in the vase are the common brown kind, which came origi- nally from Germany. He is not afraid lost they will sting him, becanse there handling these insects whic ends, Once in a whi stung, but in times past he doses of poise fairly inoculated against its is only poasessed by females an consists of two darts in heath. bas an extremely thin ¢ dart and then the other is driven in with successive blows. These im turn are followed by the sheath, when the plunge more deeply until the mur- derous little tool is buried to the hilt. If left | Of this material there was plenty to be easily her will the bee will then obtain her | obtained from cells full of hk, fresh gathered, m and extricase ber sting by ain | which had not yet been finished by being cov. end around Ge wenn’, a4 | ered over with ‘neat caps of wax. Thus sup-| the instrument to act as a drill. After = | plied, they went and gathered ina cluster on a| few turns the hole is ma large enough branch of a tree. Any one could have told by|to permit the weapon » be withdrawn. their buzzing that they were engaged in consul-| Ordinarily, however, the creature is obliged tation, the result of which might have been | to tear hi if away, leaving behind not only y seen in the denarture of a number of | Individuals in different directions. These were | Scouts and they went with instructions to unt up some suitable place for a new home. SELECTING A NEW HOME. After a little while they came back and made their reports, of which one excited more favor- able attention than any of the others, It was submitted by a bee, who said that she had dis- | covered a very remarkable and attractive loca- | tion for a hive just above and to the feft of the | main entrance to the large brick building | facing 13th street, in the neighborhood of whic! | Accordingly the migrating swarm struck out for | the locality indicated, where before night they had fairly set up housekeeping—a sort of St. | Simon Stylites colony on top of a column. | Furthermore it will presently be seen that they brought with them the materials requisite for beginning the furnishing of their freshly | adopted ome, CONSTRUCTING THE cox, Necessarily, their first task was to begin the construction of the comb, in the cells of which they store their food and rear their young. For this purpose they had filled their bodies with honey before abandoning the parent hive, being able to manufacture from it the all-im. portant waxfor building. In the abdomen of | each worker bee are four pairs of wax-secreting jands, from which the substance exudes be- ween the plates that cover the belly of the in- sect. It hardens on the outside in delicate translucent flakes, which the animal pulls off | by means of a pair of pincers which are formed | for that purpose between the joints of its hind | legs. She conveys the pieces of wax to her | mouth, which is provided with jaws formed ex- | pressly for wax molding, and with them and | her saliva she gives to the substance the proper consistency. BUILDING DOWNWARD. Because the comb is always suspended from above the beginning of the structure must be made by placing a strong layer of wax along beneath the horizontal beam or what not from which the fabric is to depend. From this the latter is continued downward with « hanging wall, on each side of which the hexagonal cells | face outward. Much wonder has been ex- | pressed at the absolute regularity with which Encee sis-sided rooms are eupposed to be made, | but the fact is that they are not always per- fectly regular and are very apt to be consider- bly out of geometrical exactitude. They are | not made he: interference with the form of each cell by the | ones surrounding it that makes it six sided. The principle may be illustrated by putting | several soap bubbles together, the walls by | which they are united being invariably plane | surfaces. | BcoNomY Im WAX. Wax is a very costly product from the bee's | Point of view, requiring for its manufacture sev- | eral times its own weight of honey, and there- fore the utmost possible economy is pursued ii | itsemployment. The insects in buildin | comb carefully scrape away and thin the main Single pound of wax as to compose with it from 35,000 to 50,000 cells, which will afford accom- modation for at least twenty-two pounds of honey. From this it has been estimated that | the wax of a cell at the top of « full comb ong. | foot deep sup} 1,320 times its own weight® Because of the greater strain upon them the top cells are made extra strong. THE QUEEN'S CRADLE. In making the cells which are to be cradles | for young queens, however, no such economy of | material is exercised. They must be very strong because they have to bear the weight of many nuree bees crowding around to feed the imma- | ture princesses with the rich food called “royal jelly.” Accordingly, the walls of those there was a profusion of beautiful flowers. | Xagonal, but circular, and it is the | in is they’ her sting and poison ‘g! but also the lower portion of the bowel, so that she dies soon after. Ithas been surmised that the venom of the bee is as powerful as that of a rattlesnake or cobra, since *o small a quantity asa single individual is armed with is capable, when in- troduced into the circulation of a human being, of producing such painful effects, consists of a number of ganglia or little masses of brainlike substance strung through the body jlengthwise. Though consciousness resides only in the head, after the latter has been off the balance of the insect will apparentl; continue to live and will execute various natu- Tal functions of being for a considerable time. Cariously enough, drones in confinement will sometumes live very much longer without their heads than with them. ‘The detached abdomen of a worker will sting severely if irritated. But this 1 not so very astonishing, inasmuch as the same phenomenon may be observed with other animals and even with man’ If the «pine of a human being be divided by a shot the lower part of the body will be the individual will 1 nor control over his leg: | At the his feet be tickled by a feather, though he feels nothing and knows nothing of what is ocour- Ting, his legs will kick violently, because the irritation will be carried by the leg nerves to same time if | those nerve the spine which are below | the potut of injury and which closely resem! | the ganglia of t eck, | BEES AS FERTILIZERS. Nothing in nature is more astonishing than | the fertilization ot flowers and fruits by bees. | There seems to be the closest sort of relation between th the latter di | extent for the propagation of its species, | win and Gray have both writic: on the wonderful ways in which orchids of vari- | ous kinds are fertilized by bees that carry pollen one blowom to another. One sort was discovered by the latter writer to absolutely re- | quire a fight between two bees in order that ite | own fertilization should be accomplished, one bee entering a small tunnel at one side at the same tine that anothor 12 at the upposite: | end, the consequence being a scrimmage, in the | course of which the pollen graian which they brought on their bodies are scattered upon stigmas. If it were not for bees the orchar | and fruit patches would be largely barren. THE APPLE AND THE BEES. Take the apple, for example, which from the botanist’s point of view is five fruits in one, de- manding for its perfect development the fertili- zation of five independent pips or ovules, Now | and then one will come across an apple that is shrunken on one wide, which means thst one or two of the ovules have missed fertilization. ‘This work is performed chiefly by the bees as they go about from tree to tree gathering honey from the blossoms and af the same time conveying the polien from one blossom to an- ther. In the case of the strawberry, for each tile fruit there must be from 100 to 300 tinct fertilizations, in order that it shall attain Portection, and this task is performed by the dividing wall and the partitions of the cells to ‘as it sucks nectar from the ot sl flower, tho furthest point that fa eonsistect with the | If any stigmas solesin wntousbol tr pollen tp requisite strength. Thus they will so utilize a that spot remains hard and when the fertilized portion is |. ‘Thus it appears that the honey stored away | by bees is, from the point of view of mankind, | ouly a very small part of the value which they produce. SUPERSTITIONS ABOUT BEES. There are ever so many superstitions about bees besides the one referred to at the bogin- | ning of this article. In some countries it is customary to drape the hives in mourning when the owner of them dies, and elsewhere it is the | practice to go through the ceremony of telling | the bees that their master is dead. Is it not Whittier who #rote that exquisite piece of verse entitled “Telling the Bees?” In that 1 poem | 2 | this curious and interesting custom is de- p epprnerey waged een vo elie age head fom Reng Sy Bp By saptoond scraps of old wax are chiefly utilized, it being #2 Some localities that the bees follow him to | the usual habit of bees to avail themsclves for | the grave, a notion which seems to be derived | building purposes of whatever recond-hand ma. | from the fact that these insects areapt to is at their disposal. Often a new comb, Slight on the fresh varnish of the coffin, their under the mi will be found to be | SbJect in eo doing being to gather a substance full of bits of old ‘once covered celle, | that will be available for their cella. us ‘caps that fragments of cocoons and the oast skins of larvae. fafa, 0 | Ley dpe | banyan ARTIFICIAL DIVIDING WALLS. must be traded for, if with al Inorder to make tho bees produce more | the purchaser may go at night and leave honey certain very ingenious methods of siding | cote for « Mire > the latter away be wed ‘BEE CULTURE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRIOUL~ , TURE. At the recent meeting of the North Amert- can * Association in Albany the president of that organization spoke in of the i tof 0 Sret-cleme apiery ob Washington, to be in change of the ment of Agriculture. Thus it would be pose sible, under direction of government experts, to conduct scientific experiments in bee cul— ture, testing the qualities of different races of | toe so tame sank patting from engaged in the business There is enough ‘money in the industry to render it deserving of more attention “> now vere wg tion of workers when the celle are employed for | Hem en ee ence ad the iat breeding. ter are fertilized by the insects, and it would PRODUCING WORKERS. eee Saneny oan ane eames To make this clear, it should be explained | © it, that the kind of bees produced from the eggs x segrenenaaneia a laid by the queen in the cells has relation to anane Ret Qe the shape and size of the cells. Droue cells | From the Pitigvurg Bulletin. ere somewha! bigger than the cells which serve | There is wilter a-plenty'in a fresh-laid egg, ‘es nurserics for while the queen cells | but no more air than there is ina hammer, As ‘ere much ‘and In the man- | jong as you can keep the air out of your egg it yn ES induces his boo | will remain eweet and fresh, but nobody has are the ‘rathorers, instond of 's args por, succeeded in keeping it out more than ix days. of idle drones. “The profit in this is ob- | It sounds fury, but the moment you give an. genious. thefour or five: of ber troah aiz that moment you ruin ite health. a bee about: 1,360,000 wonder why a bad egg is so 4 ‘them im “calla, onp on ths | obtrusive as to odor, bat they shoulda What. of each | ‘they out | do they te of putretied Sony eee det- | albomen, cheese, ‘acid, car for a few | bonic acid end renctd by = a ect us nurses, gusine ant Erect