Evening Star Newspaper, May 21, 1892, Page 12

12 The British authorities enforce strict regula- tions concerning foreigners, as well as British subjects, and no foreigner may reside in the THE CITY ON A ROCK. Fortified Gibraltar, “the Gate of the Narrow Passage.” AN IMPREGNABLE FORTRESS. ning his security. the rock, and at are shut. The guide books say that the city of Gibral- tar is dull and uninteresting. It may be to people who are accustomed to that sort of city, but toan American who is not familiar with south European customs it is one of most interesting places imaginable. The streets are crooked, steep and narrow—narrower, some of them, than the streets in the old town of Quebee. On only a few of them are there any sidewalks, and these are not more than a couple of feet wide. On either side the streets are Jined with houses that open directly upon the street without even an apology for front steps. ‘The houses are for the most part made of bricks, plaster and mud, painted or white- washed, and by no means ambitious from_an architectural point of view. In the shops En- giish goods have the call in popular favor, though occasionally an American sewing ma- chine or a Connecticut watch or clock may be veen. In the eafes, too, it is ale, beer and stout that appeal to most palates, though some of the more insidious Spanish concoctions are not without numerous admirers. CONTRAST OF RACES. The most striking feature about life on the rock of Gibraltar is the curious commingling and contrast of races. To seo a young English girl, stylishly dressed, in a proper riding habit and’ mounted as if for a ride in the Row, brusb- ing by a dusky Moor from across the straits is so common a sight that it causes no remark, and yet it is a curious one. Donkey boys, with Martial law is the faw of inset the gates of the city Strange Sights in a City Peopled by All Na- tlons—The Superb Bay—How Passengers Are Landed—A Promontory Bristling With Arms—The Entrance to the Galleries—The Pride of England. Ball Correspondence of The Evening Star. Grorartar, April 26, 1892. 0 COME INTO Europe by way of the Rock of Gibraltar is not unlike an approach toa house by the side en- trance. It is not the way that most people doit. The vast horde of foreign tourists fol- low the main lines and land in a European port not so very dissimilar — their beasts piled high with charcoal or huge —~ to the one they left @| loads of vegetables, ride side by side through week before. But to him that leaves his/ the narrow streets with the colonel of some | English regiment, brilliant in gold lace and | patent-leather boots. Greeks, Arabs, East In- dians, Jew and Gentile, Nubians, black white | and ail the shades that lie between, all are here; indifferent to each other, becanse to them there is nothing novel in the contrast. But toa per- | son who sees it all for the first time it is more | thn fascinating. Seattered through it all are the uniforms of the English soldier. ‘The cireumference of the rock,which includes the whole of the British postession, is less than | seven miles, and within the narrow confines of the city itself is a population of something more ‘han 20,000, ‘To this there must be added the ison of about 6,000 men, a quarter as many tes army. This naturally adds a very strong military element to every phase of the city’ Apparently there are a score of different uniforms, ranging from the kilts of the highlander to’ the gaudy red coat which is usually associated with the Eng- lish soldier. Gibraltar has been called the half- way house between Europe, Africa and Asia, and the title is by no means inappropriate, FAMED GIBRALTAR. In summer it is said to be frightfully hot here, as there is then comparatively little air blowing, and the mountain Lack of the town serves as a t store house and reflector of heat. Just now, however, the weather is perfect. ‘The sun shines from a sky without a cloud, and in the broad blaze of the sunlight it is just a little too Warm at times, but in the shade it is cool and pleasant, and in the evening an overcoat is not ‘out of place. ‘There ix enough to do here to keep one busy all the time, and though there is not much to see in the usual line of cathedrals and public buildings their place is more than filled by the fortifications anda study of the ma: varied phases of military life. THE ROCK OF GIBRALTAR sticks out in the form of a cape into the Medi- terranean. It rises from the water very abruptly indeed, and offers a frowning front to all the shippin: through the Arab “Gate of the .” ‘To the north, the land end, the rock is even more precipitous, and descends almost perpendicularly to the level of the sea. Back of this lies a stretch of per- fectly level ground, on which the English resi- dents have built a race track, and where the game of cricket is also played. The sea wall extending all around the point is a tremendous steamer at Gibraltar the world which opens up to his view is as different from the one that he has left behind as it is postible for him to im- agine. There is but little that is like anything with which he is familiar and every moment Ten a at hi is how with representati earth. indeed it ore sho gc periences will find it worth while to enter by this gate. and GATE To LANDING MOLE. ‘There are those who claim to enjoy an ocean Yoynge for the sake of the voyage itself, but to the great majority there is no music so sweet as the sonud of the great anchor going over- board. after eight days of the discomforts of steamer life. For ou’ y from Wash- fngion this ture was ; 4 o'clock on Monday morning, and right gladly we heard it. A few hours later the steamer was to proceed Gn ite way to Genoa. its final destination. but a | fortification, armed with heavy batteries at short score OF more intended to leave at Gibraltar. | distances that command in all directions, and and » good many of the other passengers availed | impress the non-military mind with the firta be- themselves of the opportunity to take a hasty | lief that Gibraltar is an absolutely impregnable Grive around the town, so that there were per-| fortress. Even the neutral ground. narrow haps a hundred or more togo on shore. In the | trip that separates the British holdings from gray of the early morning all was bustle and | spain, is all undermined. or at least that’ por- Confusion on board. but the view that met the | tion that belongs to England is, so that it could $f from the deck was beautiful beyond words. | be almost instantly submerged, making the ap- jewels are not allowed to come up to the laud. | proach from the mainland even more unpleas- but are compelled to anchor some distance off | int. When the immensity of the fortifications tase. is taken into consideration this really seems @ superfluous precaution, but England has spent | with a willing hand on this cherished piece of property, and after one hax seen Gibraltar pretty thoroughly it ix easy to see how, as is the case, £50,000,000 have been expended on its defenses. ‘The rock fairly bristles with 2,000 big cannon, THE BAY IS SUPERS, but one turns instinetiv Rising as it does directly and abruptly from the sea, its every line brought into strong re- | lief sgainst the eastern sky, where day is just | beginning to break, it makes a most inspiring spectacle. tx general contour, coupled with knowledge that the whole mountain is but a Vast armed fortress, strongly suggests the idea of a couchant lion, to which the rock has been so often and so fitly compared: not a sleeping lion, but a watchful brate, ready to spring at ‘any alarm. It has been likened toa sphinx with ite dreamy eyes fastened upon Africa, which ean be seen acrons the strait. ‘The Bay of Gibraitar is formed by two points of lund—Europa Point on the rock and Cabrita im Spain to the west. It is about eight miles deep and five miles acrows and is surrounded on all sides by rugged mountain chains. The anchorage for ships is admirable, as the only exposure is toward the southwest. Asa rale one oF more of the great English men-of-war are anchored in the bay or tied up alongside of the new mole, which runs out into the water for a distance of about 700 feet. Flags of almost every nation in the world, excepting the United States, are to be seen in the harbor, which is filled with shipping and presents a lively pic- MILITARY OFFICE, FORMERLY A CONVENT. The mountain itself is by no means the harm- Jess institution it &ppears to be on first view. The larger part of the rock is covered with African vegetation, and here and there, behind some large thrub or under the roots of tes, | are holes, dug so small and scattered #0 as to attract no attention from a distance. A VISIT To THE FORTIFICATIONS. We received from the American consul, Mr. THE LaxpINo. But long before the traveler can think of all this the baggage is out of the hold and the Problem of going ashore has arisen. Most of the passengers were taken onto a good-sized | i Steara launch, but we were not in so much of a | Sprague, a request for permission to inspect the hurry as we were not coming back again and | galleries. ‘This had to be presented to the mili- were so fortunate as to be crowded oat. The | fary secretary, whose office is in an old convent Sdea of landing in sunny Spain from an thet is situated on the main street of the town. ordinary everyday tug boat. with the very un-| The entrance is carefally guarded by a —- name of Doily. had about it too little | gniformed sentry, who bore his responsibili- ‘of the “local color” to be at all attractive. It! ties with as much dignity us though the was vastly more becoming tobe rowed ina| responsibility for the garrison rested great open boat, manned bys quartet of pic-| upon his shoulders. We finally got him to Tareeque villains in brilliant shirts and gorgeous | tellus thatit we rang the visitors’ bell something Their command of English was limited | might possibly happen, though, as all the ofn- 4m the extreme, but their mastery of a choice | cers were off at the spring races of the Calpe | pagel oad left nothing to be desired. A} Hunt Club, he thought our chances of obtain- more voluble lot it would be impossible to find. | ing the demred permit were rather small. A Each man knew just how every other man ought to use his oar, and all seemed to know vastly ‘More about steering the boat than the man at ‘the heim. From the manner in which they said many of the things they sid we were led to be that their remarks were eminently im- and should never have been uttered in Presence of ladies. It seemed as though could not posibly avoid coming to blows Defore they got the boat ashore. Further ex- € with the class, however, has shown Tit that conversation was, by comparison, of the most peaceful description. IX THE HANDS OF THE SHORE oR. ring at the bell, however, did bring forth an English servant in immaculate livery, who took our note. The sentry also took a shilling, and in due coarse of time ‘we were furnished with a r that gave us the privilege of inspecting Estauch of the galleries. as the public are a= lowed to see. Unfortunately no person not con- nected with the British service is now allowed to see very much of these fortifications or to ascend either of the three summits of the rock, the views from which must of necessity be superb. This was, of course, a sore disappoint- ment to us, as, with the true American tourist than there were more porters | just how many one can see from this most than pieces of , 80 that competition | famous fortress in the world. —_ feveest. 7 stopped short ‘THE APPROACH TO THE ENTRANCE main force, ther . di peepee "lo make thele | of the galleries is up a series of winding streets and alleys so steep that it would seem absolutely ‘These vehicles are unique, being small two-| out of the question for one horse ever to draw sented fue, abaya something ‘onthe order | & vehicle the top. "One hores aid oH Of » miniature double victoria and so small | though. On the way up we bad « good view That the two people ou the front seat usually |» handsome Moorish castle, which ia said’ to find it more comfortable to let their feet hang | bave been built in 742. ‘This is within. the for- out the side. ‘They are drawn either by a don- | bidden lines, and may not be visited without a Bey or email ‘and are driven by 8; pase from the English authorities. At fends, who calaly pail their everlasting ‘entrance to the galleries visitors are taken si smokes back’ pon ‘their ‘pemengers. 'No| inhand by a sergeat, who aoc that very one Gecaity ast wOh im pain Tegeage into | in properly registered in » big book and then be Authorities is whether it contains any epirite oF | officer, as the guide ‘these meet os Pees Seteceuuaesion “sat oneskanareren "At the gate of entrance we were stopped by a | lot was, we Judged, a master gunner in the ord. police magistrate, who presented each one mance corps. was a very sort of E printed ticket granting » permit to reside | fellow, and, the fect that be had ‘the city for the next twenty-four hours. bat of the United States ed “THE EVENING STAR: as @ militar Once or twice, however, I rather tried his spiri He was pointing out some of the and naval power and beld us in and w! with kada dingly bape esteem, we managed to hen ‘Inter we parted snother shilling, it Letter opinion of us. Jarge gun which really are large and fine ones, too, and he remarked in a tone of much superiority that we Lad nothing like those in America and would not know what to do with them if we had th When 1 told him that we were turning out even larger and finer guns at the ordnance shops in Washi he would rather 1 ¥ that eaid tel m, he said nothing, but he looked at Jainer than words that ll that to the marines than toa well-informed member of her majesty’s army. Jess of expense. If a fence or building THE PRIDE OF THE ENGLISH. ‘The English may well be proud of Gibraltar, for it would be difficult to conceive of a fortress as impregnable as this tunneled and armed mountain. Wherever improvements can be made they have been made, apparently regard- Ls needed it is built of stone, and in such a handsome and substantial manner that it is evidently intended to stand for centuries. In looking over all this evidence of Invish expenditure of money I was forcibly reminded, by contrast, of a recent con- versation with a War Department prominent army official at the at Washington. It was just after the big March wind storm in Kansas, ‘The roof of the frame cavalry barracks at one of the military posts had been carried away by the wind. The general said that thie was likely to cause considerable inconvenience to the men, asthe necessary repairs would probably cost a considerable sum, and the funds at the disposal of the War Department for such emergencies were limited in the extreme. England e: tar in time of peace more . exclusive of material. THE WONDERFUL GALLERIES of Gibraltar are but a series of tunnels that, starting several hundred feet above the sea, go winding up at an angle of about thirty degrees. ‘They are from fifteen to forty feet within the exterior slopes, is cut thr upon Gibral! million dol in favor of thi tunneled the lighting up, the deposits for shot and pow- der are admirable, though exceeding. perhaps, all the strict reqnirements; i coquetterie de limprenable. The suggestion of the side: TO} 4 nd every Quoting from braltar: “The engineering of these leriex, the dist the queen's diadem, —— +04 THE HOUSE OF Queer Routine About the Election of a Speake: for That Body. From the Philadelphia Inquirer. ‘The election of speaker is rather an interest ing ceremony. The member proposed remains seated in the body of the house until the vote is declared, when, after the leaders of all the po- | litical parties have eulogized his character and expressed their desire to support his authority, he proceeds to the steps of the chair und sub- mits himself to the house, begging them to con- sider well their choice before deciding. No dissentient voice being beard, he aceepts the office and seats himself in the chair amid plaudits from all sides. Some nominal business having been done a short recess follows, after which the speaker- elect reap otheials, In the meantime word queen of the election, an: messenger | arriv majesty’s pleasure that her mt their speaker to her at a certain a royal should pr rs in court dress, black cloth coat, with lace frill and braided Duttons, black k seymere breeches, black silk stockings, shoes with silver buckles, and over all a richly braided silk gown with a long train and « full-bottomed curled white wig falling on his shoulders, is preceded by the sergeant-at-arms, in full | ourt dress and sword, bearing the gold mace and followed by a retinue of ushers and other has d dase and hour, When the ‘time comes the speaker and his officers drive in state to the palace, followed by his proposer and seconder, and as many other members as choose to go. The party are ushered into the queen's presence, and the speaker, Kneeling, chai reuewal of their ancient privileges and for him- self free access to the sovereign and all rightful favors. The queen greets him graciously, c gratulates the members on their choice, prom- ines to uphold and defend their rights und dis- mises them to their labors. ‘Thenceforward: the speaker ceases to belong to any political party or totake ar bates of divisions, unless compelled a casting vote; which he always gives on that side which allows of further consideration of the question. His duty is to preside over the proceedings of. the houve and to decide on all questions of order or procedure, and his author- ims for the h ity in every case is final. ‘Of late years his personal power and respon- sibility have been vastly i ire,” which auth to use his discretion in cutting short debate when willful obstruction takes place. He has the power to suspend members or even to com- mn for gross mixcond erful for the punishment ons mit them to pi hie warrant is all of persons foun On the. other house. heirs male. The yeur and, and tures, independently amounting to $150,000 a year. handsome revidence and shite of offices at the house of commons, and his official dinners and other entertainments are among the choicest festivities of London society. He goes in procession with his sergeant, chaplain and ushers, the laced skirts of his long robe held up by train bearers, to hear prayers, read and open proceedings—a quaint medievalism don may well spend a few minutes in on all state or public ocea- sions he comes immediately after the honte of +h honors. and deference the people of the united r to L witnessing—ani lords and receives as the impersonation guilty peaker receives ‘a salary of £25,000 a ‘a retiring pension of #12,500 for lif has the control of bit Lon kingdom. Gems From the New York Mai) Would you go to a graveyard to find wit and humor? Hardly. And yet there are-scattered through the graveyards of inscriptions which come under this head. Some are evidently meant to be funny, while in others the humor is ae evidently un- intentional. A specimen of the most amazing conceit is found in the epitaph of a Spanish hidalgo who was musical precentor to the King of Spain, He'wrote his own epitaph and it was ced on his tomb in y travelers to this day. of of oe anda big gun is mounted an Recent eey se toward Woe Modi: been made at various times that England should voluntarily with- draw from Gibraltar and surrender her hold- ings there. Mr. Bright was the first to speak is in parliament, giving as a rea- son the enormity of the expense incurred in the possession. Mr. Gladstone, I believe, also favors this surrender, but there is little chance ition even being seriously con- ibraltur isa thorn in the side of every Spaniard and a source of the greatest gratification and pride to Englishmen, who re- gard the rock as one of the bright hand, he himsel! is ex- empt from arrest or any other legal process for acts done in his official capacity. time when he chooses to retire from speakership, or fails to secure re-election, he re- ceives a peerage, with hereditary descent to bis jravestones. and Express, a Boor i es little way an openin; ‘one of the authori- ribution of the guns, is ‘le luxe et la test jewels in evs K. comMoNS. He been rent to the few minutes later conveying her faithful commons” jouse of commons a part in de- to exercise by the rules require him t, and of contempt of the ‘At any the tronuge an expendi- the government, He ha» a very that visitors the world ‘WASHINGTON, D. Cc, ‘a SATURDAY, MAY* GRAINS OF GOLD. People in Enrope Are Acquiring a Taste for Corn. MAISE FOR THE MILLION. How the Department of Agriculture fs Teach- ing Europeans to Eat Corn—Likely to Be Adopted for the German Army—“Murphy Bread”—Maize for China. ECRETARY RUSK hopes to secure from Congress this year an increased appropriation for the purpose of intro- ducing Indian corn in Europe. Last year only $2,500 was granted for this object—a sum con- sidered dixproportion- ately small in view of the advantages expected to be gained by the en- terprise. The maize crop of this country is valued at 800,000,000, annually. If « demand for the cereal could be created abroad the market price would neces- sarily rise, and it is reckoned that an increase of 5 cents a bushel would in ten years put one thousand million dollars into the pockets of American farmers, “Corn bas come to stay in Germany, Col. C. J, Murphy, agent for the maize propa- ganda, from Berlin, “Already two corn-grind- have been estabii-hed at Hamburg, tin, two at Dresden, one at Hanover and one at Biberstein. Others are about to be put into operation. Stettin, the most impor- tant port of the Baltic sez, has imported this spring from the United States 25,000 tons of maize. Imports of corn from America into Germany have taken a big jump within the last four months. Most of the mills are working night and day, and the demand for cornmeal ix so great thet it is impossible for them to fill their orders. CORN MILLS IN GERMANY. The German government is now putting a corn-grinding plant into one of its mills at Magdeburg. This is the first step toward the contemplated introduction of maize into the rations of the army. Such u departure, however, «cannot be taken suddenly, because it would be — injudicious to appear to force the food upon the soldiers, asmuch as that would be likely to render it distasteful to them. Accordingly, the authori- ties will go slow in the matter, their present notion heing’ to make the ‘military’ bread eventually two-thirds rye and one-third corn. ‘This would signify . owing to the comparative cheapness of the yellow grain, of which not less than 500.000 hundred- weight would be required for the army of Ger- many annually, MURPHY BREAD. In the windows of numerous bakeries in Ber- inand other German cities are to be seen to- day huge red paper signs bearing in big black letters the © “Murphy Bread! Two-thirds rye; one-third corn. Five-pound loaf for 14 Former price for three-pound loat 1134 .” This is a translation. One German commercial house has secured the agency for certain American corn mills, and is thus en- abled to sell meal before the maize arrives, The dificulty has been to get the corn from the United States fast enough to supply the de- mand. Col. Murphy has sent a loaf of the rye- corn bread with a sample of meal, to each of the 400 members of the reichstag. The magazine representing the interests of Ger- man pastry and cake bakers will include in its next number an article highly recommending eorn to the trade. ONE IMPORTANT DIFFICULTY in the way of the cereal’s introduction in Eu- rope has to do with the preparation of the meal from the grain. Its quality depends in a great measure on the processes employed, even the degree of fuucness to which it is ground making no little difference in its usefulnes® for one purpose or another. Firms abroad which are anxious to undertake the manufacture of the product find trouble in determining ques- tions of this sort. Dealers all over Europe are eager to handle the new food. Travers & Soi the largest wholesale grocery firm in ( Britain, have written to Col. Murphy, saving: “Among the commodities which we are sel ling, and which are more or less new to us,are certain American cereals, and we tind that no one here seems to have any idea as to how they are to be used, We have not at present the agency of any maize mill in the United States, and we are sorry that we have no printed circulars in re- lation to maize. In fact, the latter are exactly what we are secking. We would suggest that maize onght to be sent by exporters from the United States in such shape as to be readily sold by grocers in Europe without repacking— say in three or five-pound bags, each of which should contain information and recipes for cooking. TAKING ADVANTAGE OF POIXTERS. It may be anticipated that millers and ex- porters in the United States will be quick to act upon snch valuable suggestions as these. Of course time will be required to overcome the prejudice which has hitherto existed in Europe against corn as food for human beings. Amonj the objections urged against it are’ that bread made of it gets stale quickly, that it is hard to digest and that it is apt to cause serious illness, This last assertion is clinched by reference to the complaint called the “pellagra,” prevalent in northern Italy, which is alleged by some phy- sicians to arise from the eating of corn by the peasants, There the grain is consumed in the shape of a sort of porridge, served hot and swim- ming with milk or buttermilk, which isthe na- dish, being known as “polenta.” Corn- js very commonly sold in England under ame of “corn flour” for the purpose of a m the ni dieguiee. As prepared and marketed In Europe bitter and stale, 0 e the ground maize is usual that it is no wonder that many people who ht tried itdo not like it. ‘The kiln-dried, fre ground article is what is required. FOOD FOR ARMIES. One of the greatest problems which confront European statesmen today is the question of maintaining thé present enormous militar; establishments at the highest point of efficiency | with the lowest charge on the tax-burdened | eople. Into this question the matter of ra- fions enters very importantly, the demand be- ing for a diet concentrated, highly nutritious and at the same time sufficiently varied. Maize affords just such a food stuff, being especially valuable where muscle and hard labor are re- quired. ‘The greater part of the bread con- sumed by the urmics of the south during the rebellion was of corn, and likewive a large P| tion of that which was supplied to the Federal troops. ‘There is no other food which is sus- ceptible of preparation by cookery. in such a variety of palatable forms. Col. Murphy has publixhed in a widely circulated pam- hlet 130 different recipes for dishes to composed with it. Many of these he has prepared himself in public, serving them free to all comers, such as hominy, ‘ton brown bread, Indian pones, Johnny cakes, corn mush, Indian pudding, corn dodgers, green corn pudding. corn griddle cakes; crumpets, where it is read Here lies John Quebecea, tor to My Lord the 3 eh RiaeD ise be nate cpg fetctr ce enemi Pa Hampshire epitaph writer makes this A Block Island sea caj who had been in the fishing wrote this terse itaph to be placed on his tombstone: corn watiics and gophers, eroquettes, corm fritters, canned corn, succotash, pinole, samp and corn grits. Pinole is a preparation of the vegetable now served out as a ration in the Mexican army. ‘ACORN TRADITION. Corn was first cultivated by white men on the James river, Virginia, in 1608. The seed Punctualiy obeyed i iy ol in Trery pecticukt,. and) soon bell the Er is tapermataral Pa shooting =p o ayy ‘ant ng uy through the ground. He carefully ‘weeded the earth, and in due time was gratified by behold- . The tara young man tng 8, tetared corn plant, bonding. with its olden fruit and gracefully waving ite green eaves and yellow tassel in the wind. He then repared a feast, inviting his friends to partake bfitvand tae originated Indian corn. THE EARLIEST SPECIES. Whatever the actual origin cf corn may ha been modern botanists and naturalists are agréed that the earliest species was the kind known as “zea tunica” or ‘‘clothed corn.” ‘That is, each kernel on the ear was inclosed in oe husk, like grains of wheat in the head. Descending from this type varieties have become almost innumerable, each coun- try, climate and soil producing their own modi- fications. No other plant thrives so well in all Jatitudes, In the tropics it is made to produce three crops a year, growing to a great height, while in the far north, where the warm season is scarcely long enongh to admit of its devel- opment, it puts forth ite ripened ears when hardly more than two feet above the ground. Corn is called the “lazy man's crop, | because it ean be left standing in the field almost from one year’s end to another, not requiring to be garnered at an: period. ‘There are five distinct gj —dent, flint, sweet, soft and pop. No fewer than seventy-five varieties are grown in the state of Nebraska alone. THE DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF MAIZE have been so determined by cultivation that each will invariably produce ears true to type when kept free from others, It is said that the Indians have produced such well-defined mix- tures of the kernels on the ears as to make it possible to distinguish by what tribe any par- tietlar car bas been grown. For example, one tribe has all red aud white grains, another all pure black, and so on, even to the arrangement of the different-colored grains on the car. ‘The adoption of these distinctions is said to haye been’ originally for the purpose of detecting thefts of corn by one tribe fronf another. The great “corn patch,” embracing Indiana, Ili- nois, Lowa, Missouri, Kansas and Nebraska, produces “enough of the cereal in one year year to load a string of wagons, placed end to end and each carrying forty bushels of vhelled corn, extending around the world ix times. The line would stretch in a straight line 154.879 miles. Loaded on freight cars car- rving 500 bushels each the same qnantity of shelled corn would require for carrying it four trains stretching continuously from New York to San Francisco, with a train 2,500 miles long left over. Traveling at the usual rate such a train would require a whole year to pass through Chicago. ; A GRAIN OF CoRR. A picture of a grain of corn, cut through the middle and highly magnified, is a very wonder- ful thing indeed, being nothing more nor less than a little starch box. Beneath the outer layer of woody tissue may be seen the granules of stareh, packed in the most beautiful wa} the arrangement being after a crystalline man- ner. Inclosed within this curious nest of starch granules is the ovul-shaped “germ,” 80 called, although the real germ is the little “plumule” inside, which will eventually unfold the first reed leat’ of the plant. Immediately surrounding the plumule, in the center of which exists a microscopic bit of protoplasm that is the primary source of the vegetable life, is a quantity of nitrogenous matter with a large percentage of oil. Proceases have re- cently been devised for extracting this oil, — and — two —_ factories. are now turning it out in considerable quantities. Every pee of the corn plant is useful, even to the usks, which are utilized by the paper makers as a material far pulp, by upholsterers as a filling for mattresses and the like, by oran, growers for packing their fruit and by the ‘South Americans us wrappers for cigurettee. CORN INSTEAD OF RICE IN CHINA, Col. Murphy asserts that corn can be landed on the coast of China from the United States in thirty days by steam, and can be sold for one- half the price of rice, which, as eveFybody knows, is the principal food of the Chinese. When they find this out it will not take the pig- tailed orientals long to learn how to cook maize. They are xo poor that they will eat anything which will sustain life, cheapness being the first consideration. hin tomate is frugal diet once introduced among them, it is amazing to con- wider the quantity of the cereal which they would consume, taking into view the fact that the population of that country is 400,000,000. Processes ure said to have been recently de- vised by which baked corn bread can be pre- served in good condition for a year or even more, At present 20,000,000 bushels of the maize produced in this country are annually used for purposes of distillation. ‘THE QUALITIES OF MAIZE asan edible depend eo largely upon the cook- ing of it that the utmost stress is laid upon the importance of educating the people abroad in the proper methods of preparing it for the table. Whatan excellent thing it would be if only a score or so of colored experts from Vir- ginia or the Carolinas could give popular in- struction on the subject in the verious countries of Europe. No other cooks have ever produced such results with this cereal as the negroes of the south, simple as their methods commonly were and are to this day. No better process has ever been discovered than that of gathering the corn fresh from the fields and pounding it ina mortar in quantities sufficient for daily needs, Bread thus prepared, hot from the ashes, or just’ lifted from the smoking board before the roaring fire, is a revela— tion to the Yankee of the north, where corn bread, as commonly made, is apt to taste like so much chicken feed. White meal seems to be regarded with more favor than the yellow in Europe, just as it is in the southern states. Of all the dishes produced from maize none has pene mages interest in ae lands as popped corn, the of which arouses the utnost malonishaseetta tee part of observ- ers unfamiliar with the grain. —__ “All the world’s a stage,” and the stage rob- bers seem to be getting a very fair hack at it, ———_+e+___. was obtained from the Indians, who claimed to | From Puck. have received the plant direct from the hands of the Creator. Respecting its origin they have to this day & gery picturesque tradition. Once upon a oung man went out into the woods to undertake the fast which was to code. his initiation as a warrior. a te lodge of boughs in a secluded place and paint his face a somber hue, By day he amused him- self in walking about, looking at the various shrubs and lants, aud at ht he Ia} "a DCT res era a le ree Tae THE NATIONAL GUARD eh 21, 1892-SIXTEEN PAGES. g First Lieut, » C. R. Dufour, besides an ecient commissioned officers, The batte: Prosperous condition and recruits continue to Present themselves in such numbers as to keep Tecruiting officer and drill master in good practice. It has been the policy of the opgan- zation to secure a class of men soinewbat more mature than are found in many of the infantry companies and the results proven the wisdom of the course. Special atten paid to the appearance and set up ¢ while on duty, and the ren Something About the Annual In- spection Now in Progress, NO CAUSE FOR COMPLAINT. Altogether Things Are in a Very Satisfactory Condition—How the Light Battery is Pro- sressing—The Third Battalion Getting Ready for Camp—Notes. It would ‘be very hard to artilleryman that his bi not the best, owing to the gre duties, more freedom of action ive uniform, the NSPECTIONS SEEM} to bé of more immediate interest than any other topic current in the | local brigade at this time, soa continuation of the equitable criti- cisms which have ap- peared in Tae Stan for | ‘the past two weeks wily | probably be generally approved. ‘Maj. Campbell may very properly feel pleased over the appearance which the fourth battalion presented when it went through the mill. Companies A and D were in remarkably good shape. The men of A bad excellent set up and executed inspection arms in a smart and soldierly manner. Company D was abso- lutely steady in ranks during the trying ordeal and had nota slouchy-looking man init. Every man but one answered to his name at muster, Companies B and C may be improved consid- erably, but when it is remembered that they are, in their present shape, the result of re- cent consolidations, then they are really enti- tled to credit for making as ggod a showing as they did. The colonel of the second regiment took com- mand of the battalion for inspection, and he and his staffand not the major of the fourth battalion and staff accompanied the inspecting officer during the preliminary inspection of the | companies, After the preliminary inspection the major of the battalion gave the command, “Rest.” This should be done in regimental inspection, The colonel and staff and non- commissioned staff of the second regiment did not bring their swords to an “order” when their names were called at muster. One mem- ber of the color guard seemed to be totally ig- norant of “inspection arma.” The battalion quartermaster stood with his heels apart and was quite late in bringing his sword to an “order” when bis name was called at muster. The battalion hospital steward ordered sword according to old tactics. ‘Two men in the front rank of company A did not “open chamber" at inspection arms. The first and second lieutenants of company A had their whistles erroneously located. The first lieutenant of company A faced about at the command, “Close rauks,” without waiting for the command “March. After company B hud been inspected the lieutenant did not face to the front until the command “Right shoulder arms” had been given. The captain gave the commands “Right thoulder arms” and “Attention to muster" with his sword in the scabbard. There was some laxity in manual movements. The first lieutenant of company C did not gulation trousers and at the preliminary on he brought his sword toacarry when rganizations hom men have transferred from y in the militia, but few cases are on record of a movement the otber w At the inspection last Wednes ning two men were absent, one being in New -Y on furlough and the other conti sickness. The inspector general expresed himself as very much pleased with the appear- ance of men and property. The battery es to go to camp this «um- mer,whether ¢ membrances of the march to Bay’ Ridge last rear have not yet faded from the minds of the men. TAKING TIME BY THE PORFLOCK. Cirenlar No. 2, issued from headquarters of the third battalion, is self-explanatory, "it «ays: “Ata meeting of the committee on ment held at the armors on the evening « Friday, May 13, it was decided that in the event of there being no brigade ment this | summer, and subject to the approval of the com- manding general, an encampment be held at Colonial Beach, 20. | to Wednesday, July that cach member be expenses incident theret ns tion, hire of cooks, nsic, &e., the amount | named to also inclade one fare to and from | Colonial Beach, omprny commanders bring this matter betore t earliest practicable m: report to these headq members who will partici 5 “It is suggested that each company make arrangements wher assessments, in full or in held until a «utheient number have paid in to make the encampment ® certainty, when the money will be ordered turned in to a treasurer authorized to receive and receipt for it. “Any balance that may be left after defraying the expenses of the encampment will be divided among the companies pro rata,” SPPCIAL HONORS FOR THE THIRD BATTALION. “Heapgvanrers Tarup Bartarioy, D. C. N.G., Wasuixoron, D. C., May 19, 1893. “Orders No. 15. “This command having been designated by the commanding general to escort the Depart ment of the Potomac, Grand Army of th Republic, on Memorial day, Mo’ companies will aasemble at 9:15 a. m. on that day. ‘Battalion line will be formed at “Veteran company ‘A’ will parade in full Gress uniform. “By order of Maj. Harrison, onar A. WARREN, “First Lieutenant and Acting Adjutant.” NOTE: Some of those who have not completed their gallery scores seem to have lost sight of para- graph 3, general orders No. 6, which says: “The rifle gallery will be open durit except Sunday from 3 to every Wednesday evening until I cl voluntary practice. Ammunition will be fur- nished on the payment of 1 cent for each round, An inspector of 11 ce will be in attend- ance, und on reqnest will certify scores to the captains of companies to be credited as part of the required practice.” First Licut. and Adjutant Robert Seyboth of the third battalion, having tendered his resignation as such, has been granted leave of absence pending its acceptance. First Lient. Geo. A. Warren (company B) has been ttmporarily detached from his com- my and detailed as acting adjutant, He bas n nominated as adjutant. Company A, second battalion (Corcoran Cadet Corps), proposes to give its twenty- second select evening excursion on Thursday evening next. The steamer Charles Macalester leaves its wharf for Marshall Hall at 6:30, At the Hall there will be a trick bicycle competi- tion for a gold medal. After their inspection, and muster, evenin, of May 16, the engineer corps held’a special meeting and confirmed the nomination by platoon “B" of ite first sergeant, W. H. Ire- nd, to be its commanding officer.” Licut. Ire- land has acted as such since the promotion of \G. Fosberg to the command of bat- both days in: the armory at insp the inspector general paased him and then came toan “order.” The second lieutenant’s long sword sling was wrongly located. One man in the front rank, after the inspector had taken his rifle at inspection, held his left hand up until the rifle was returned to him. The first lieutenant of company C was slow in bringing his sword to an order when his uame was called at muster, and there was talking in the front ranks of the company during the in- spection, A few men in company D did not resume the “post” with both hands before closing chamber at inspection arms. The sergeant on the left of the company presented rifle at inspection with the hammer at a safety notch. je Bec ond lieutenant did not make the about-face cor- ly. After the muster the command “Close Tanks” was poorly executed. LIEUT. GILBERT THOMPSON'S COMMAND. ‘The engineer corps passed a very good in- spection. This company is not expected to rank high in tactics, but it made a satisfactory showing. The corps has an organization some- what like a battalion, ite three” platoons repre- senting three companies. A few mistakes were made. The lieutenant commanding platoon C carried his sword at an “order” while march- ing his platoon and dressing it to the right. The adjutant did not tale his proper place in turn- ing over the organization to the commanding officer. The sergeant major, quartermaster sergeant and color sergeant (with the colors) marched to the front in one rank, and they, with the adjutant, formed in one rank in front of the first platoon. The first platoon (sbarp- shooters) carried rifles, the second platoon car- ried revolvers, the third platoon carried cut- Tt is understood that the cavalry troops sta- tidned at Fort Myer will do their rijle practice for this season on the New Jersey state range at The first and second separate companies (troop A and the cycle corps) and the corps of ‘When the organization was in line the first | field music will be inspected on Monday even- platoon was at a “carry arms” and the third at | "8- “order” (cutlass.) ‘The first platoon stood at a carry during its preliminary inspection. The commanding officer of the corps gave the com- mand “Rest” with his sword in the scabbard. At muster the commanding officer of the corps, having his sword in the scabbard, saluted with the right hand when his name was called at muster. The staff and non-commissioned styff presented sword when their names were called ut muster. The lieutenant of platoon “A” had his skirmish whistle erroneously located. ‘The members of platoon “B” (construction pla- toon) saluted with the hand when their names were called at muster. The lieutenant of pla- toon “C" (engineer platoon) saluted the in- spector general when the latter approached to inspect his platoon. The general appearance of the command wax excellent. ‘The corps was in- spected on the basis of a battalion, and the mis- takes were noted in accordance with this plan. THE BATTERY AND THE AMBULANCE coRPs. There were but one or two minor mistakes ap- parent in the inspection of light battery A, neither of them of sufficient magnitude to merit mention, ‘The general appearance of the men was exceptionally excellent and the at- tendance wax extraordinarily good. Buta small number of men responded to muster at the inspection of the smbulance corps; their absence was accounted for by their being compelled to attend medical lectures on the sume evening. COMPANY D WAS THERE. A typographical error in the criticisms on the inspection of the first separate battalion (col- gored) published last Saturday omits compa D. The mistake must have been apparent to any careful reader, for the companies were re- ferred to in their alphabetical order. [t may be stated asaddenda to the eS ater ‘Throwing Stones in Corea, From the Galicnani Mewenver. The Corean correspondent of a Japsn paper gives an account of a curious popular practice in Corea, Kite flying, which is universal in that country, ceases suddenly on the 15th of the first Corean month, and the next day stone fights take its place as the chief public amuse- ment. In the eastern part of Seoul, the capital, there are large open spaces that have not been built upon, and bere occur the most serious and interesting fights. One section of the city is pitted against an- other, but any one can take band on either side at pleasure. There are no recognized leaders, but the mass of fighters readily follow the lead of any one who shows himself to be a little more reckless than the rest. Two mobs, consisting of 50, 70or 100 meneach, are drawn up against each other, with an interval of per- haps fifty yards between them. ‘There is an in- cessant shower of stones, and each man’s b: nes: is to hit as many men as he can, and es specially to avoid all the «tones directed at him. Tom ten to twenty men on each side are armed with stout clubs, and wear thick wadded helmets. These form the skirmishing line. Taey sully out from their respective sides and, meeting in mid-career, strike out viciously wt each other's heads, men holding up his cloak with his left h: id to ward off the blows of his adversary. After the club fight has lasted about thirty seconds one side or the other begins to give was, which is a sigual for a Tush of the others. Almost invariably the other side breaks and runs, and sometimes are chased but generally some of the upou the fagi- turn und deal a few stagge check the pur- suers, and in a second the tables are turned, and those who a moment ago were flushed with vie-~ tory are now in full flight with their enemies. ‘Thus the battle goes back and forth across the fields, while the neighboring embankments are crowded with spectators. ‘The effect of the thindering cheers of the spectators upon the combatants is marvelous. They charge upon each other as if in actual battle, and show what would be bravery if exerted in some useful cause. Near the river are numerous vi ficient under the new tactics, an are easily apparent. Cor on the other hand, very deficient; much work will need to be done before they’ reach a fair average. SOMETHING ABOUT THE LIOMT BATTERY. Although hardly four years old, light bat- tery A, D.C.N.G., stands very near the head of the brigade for efficiency, discipline, and. gen- eral soldierly qualit Organized 1688, with Capt, Arthur Yates as ite first com- another. the marshy fields walling ‘onyling on which they oun seizing ing on which they can lay their rises against if they can get back with- The first stone fight of the ther more disastrous than i He 5: : hi i e e | | { i i é E | f i | “ I ee age iti HL i il 5g HF ie Bie | Lf i ; i i ; i E 4 i F i i fs F £ Hi 4 f F it ‘Courier-Journal. It would not be eafe for a rainmaker to show Fe Brigade deee or not, ar the re- | ‘The Mediterranean occupies in the daily aie- cursions of the European prew a greater eld perh: # than the old “oriental qnestion.” ‘The ot was first stirred upafow years ago with some bitterness when Italy fortified the Island of Caprere (sitnated between Cornics, and Sardinia) in view of a possible aval war with France, and the fact of Biserte, near Tunia, being now heavily armed and fortified by the ) government has reopened the discus {sion on the etprenmey in the Mediterranean. ‘The quotation of two newspapers, one Stalias and the other French, will give a full idee of | the importance of the subject. Says an article jin La Riforma of Rowe: ifmong t of nw aly the OMWLich was adopted by the nmitter guthe 20th of May, i8%1, 1. A landing of 150,000 troops. om Algeria. 2. 60,000 men landed Sardinia, 3. A reserve of 200,000 troope ta be kept ready in Comica for their landing near ci Vecebia, with Italian army ® their function the triple all . of France will b the in To that effec pe divided into f our main division to fight ait the | in Ie }anan j Plan od the last fleet north.” involves, th was con | 62,009,000 get franes it benides | the other side [Arenir Militaire way ‘We are conducting «mall works of fort- ons at Biserte (Tunis), We ought to have large ones instead long ago mofour fleets when we shell todefend the liberty of our com- ns between France. Algeria and Suez. docs not like it and seeks the if England to nt us doing ae gland at present her own interests her treaties of commerce vat nations of Europe, which is to her than the opening of the Italian nwhile from Rome they telegraph that at the navy department arrangements are be- ing made for u the next maneuvering of the basin of the Mediterrancan lying Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. Stories of naval Warfare in the eventuality of ate ad | action against the Russian fleet are also being pushed and maneuvers will take place in the waters of the Egcus and’ the Denke. nelles, GERMANY AND ROSS: The announcement of the marriage of the czarewitch with the wixter of Kaiser Wilhelm and of the expected arrival of the czar at Ber- lin on the 23d of this month bas created a pe- culiar agitation iu the two empires and alse im Fr where thi papers deny any that fact to the poli But the utmost ancer uture of the situation is enter- who have believed («ince the ich fleet at Cronstadt last year) decided antagonism, amounting to ing of personal enmity, existed bee the two ruling families of “Hollenzollers and Romanoff, The news telegraphed from Paris after the speech of the kaiser to Corporal Lueck (praising } him for having fired on two men for —— | fan of him when on guard at the royal palace that anew mini t pected has not bee man newspaper nay thocked at first b not bear he The only one . that the military German party has once r0re fully indorsed the kaiser against the people. FRANCE AND THE VATICAN. The strong opposition made by the Fronch prelates to the government of the republic that Pope Leo XIII ordered them to publicly recog- nize has come to an end for the time being. Archbishop Richard of Paris, speaking for them all, has submitted to the will of the pope. The istian French Association that had been or- ng together all the Cath- France hostile to the principle as been dissolved. And while the French government is reported to ave ered the Vatican on the subject of the wup- ‘sion of several bishopx’ salaries that no one will be allowed to interfere with the clerical policy of ‘the republic, yet a kind of general “detente” has succeeded to the recent religions troversy the pope stood openly for the republic against the An toy An p oan Ag ‘wspaper of Paris, however, commenting on that tse: “The capitulation of the French clergy is only @ temporary one, it having been ted merely by a spirit of opportanity, They accepted it because of the most cided attitude of Leo XIIT, but as euch an atti- tude is personal to the pope alone they know that it shall vanish at his death, which cannot be long delayed, as Leo XIII is now eighty three years of age.” same paper holds that the reported plan of Leo XIII to favor the establishment of a republic in Italy is a dream, asallthe public men and the Italian nation stand by the monarchy against the Vatican, ALY AND THE NEW MINISTRY, The European press has indulged in thorough analysis of the conditions under which the Giolitti’s cabinet undertakes to govern Italy. The result is that while the new cabinet, with the consent of King Humbert and his ad- vitors,taking in all political parties of the cham- the senate, admits the necemity of di- minishing the expenses of the war department 2¢ much as posible, and of making serious economies in other de nts of public ad- ministration, yet the old political line with re- to the triple alliance remains unmodited, No economies, however, will be made in the navy department th stor the wack, at the rsenals in Genoa, Venice, Leghorn, Naples Spezzia, where no less than thirty-seven war veusels are in course of construction. French press are unanimous in the be- lief that Signor Cris influence is behind the new cabinet, which isa step toward the return of that statesman to the direction of Italian af- fairs. The fact is that King Humbert succeeded in bringing together the leadess of Italian politics of all grades in the organization of « | cabinet of transaction with the pro- | gram of settling internal affairs without dis xbing in any degree the country's inter~ mal obligations, It has been officially an- that Italy ix not bound to the triple al- liance to such an extent as to compel and im- | crease her army out of proportion to her finan- cial resources. The same opinion is to be found in German official newspapers of this week. ‘The arrival of Minister Porter at Rome the same day that Baron Fava landed at New York was made the occasion of special friendl; demonstrations on the part of the Italian gov- ment. The “American minister, who has always been a favorite at the Italinn ‘court and among Halian ‘political men, was tendered special reception by King Humbert and the new cabir ‘The voyage of King Humbert and Queen Margaret to Berlin, which had been delayed on account of the ministerial criss, now solved, will take place some time next month. at h—neoesnes A Strained Charity. From the Springfield Union. Willism Astor's charity evidently began at home and stayed there. Out of an estate of from $30,000,000 to $50,000,000 he bequeathes for charitable purposes only @145,000. Many ial crisis was to ex- followed by facts, A Ger- that. while the people felt euch an action, yet that did *¥ consequences on public opinion. ‘orthy of being appreciated is of the republic Burglar—“Don't move; hand over your EE wantin, poem is it?” ths edecigh! Nuees, oF cienply Geo owner at ” t cy Tere 2 =>