Evening Star Newspaper, May 21, 1892, Page 11

BRAZIBIAN. COFFEE. It is More Than Half That Consumed in the World. HOW IT INTOXICATES. ‘The Inhabitants All Drink It Mede Black— ‘The Hotels Are Kxecrable and the Cooking Bad—Good Wines Are Obtainable—Fash- tous Do Net Change—Immigration Needed. From The Star's Traveling Commissioner. Rio vz Janximo, Buatss., April 14, 1892. OES IT NOT STRIKE you ns strange, consider- ing the fact that more than half the coffee con- sumed in the world is grown in Brazil, that one seldom sees Brazil- ian coffee advertised? grocer for “best Brazil- ian” he would not know what to give you. The reason why is because the best coffee grown in Brazil is sold under the name of “Jnva” and “Mocha,” and a large share of the inferior grades are marked “Bourbon” and “MMarti- nique.” Yet, nowadays the latter island pro- duces hardly more than 500 sacks of coffee in a year—a mere drop in the world’s big bucket— and Bourbon yields perhaps 6,000 sacks per an- num—just about enough to supply the markets of tio for twenty-four hours. At least nine- jocha’” coffee that you drink A TSPICAL BRAZISIAN COFFEE PLANTER, with such becamse it cost an extra Picked treat tho Upset the epper brasebes’ icked from the tips of the upper branches, Tiere the ropie son hes bed soot chases 45 infuse richness into it, and afterward carefully “separated” by hand. "The fazendeiros (coffee planters) of Brazil, unlike those of Java, do Bot sell their crops under any special trate- mark, and between the fazendeiro and the ex- porter a class of “middlemen” unknown else- where intervene—half bankers, half brok- ers—locally designated aa commissarios, who lower the standard of the erop by mixing dif- ferent harvests, thus relieving individual pro- ducers of all responsibility and depriving the Product of its true value. INTOXICATION FROM COFFEE. Thave often heard it remarked that there is no drunkenness in Brazil, but the statement is untrue, not, perhaps, #0 far as alcoholic drinks are concerned: but the whole country is per- petually in « state of semi-intoxication on coffee, men, women and children alike, and to babies in arms it is fed from a spoon. "It is a common saying among Brazilians that coffee to be good must be “biack as night, bitter as death and hot as hell,” and at all hours of day and night, fn season and out, everybody literally guzzles it—mede according to the proverb. ef- fect is plainly apparent in trembling hands, twitching eyelids, mummy-hued skins and a chronic state of nervous excitability worse ‘than that produced by whisky. Are you over- heated in the noonday sun of chilled by the dews of evening, are you wearied or “bine,” or saffering from bodily pain or homesickness, coffee i the Branilian's anfailing’ panacea, as Chinese turns w his jam an: to his toddy. It is brought to your bedside the instant you sroswake in the morning and just before you areexpected to drop off in sleep at night, at meals and between meals and when- ever @ caller comes in—always black as night, bitter’ ae death and hot as sheol. Connesied with each of the thenters is = garden or cafe, to which the people repair during every act to partake of ices, confectionery, wines—and Coffee, of course. THE THEATERS IN RIO. Speaking of theaters, there are French, Spanish and Portuguese performances, and during the winter season there is Italian opera two or three times » week--all very liberally patronized by the upper classes. But not by Any means for sake of mnsic or drama, for the fermances are co} merely an ad- to social conversation and display of fash attire. Talking goes on unrestricted all over the house, and those on the stage see more of the backs of the audience than their faces. The most fashionable place—the grent Thenter dp Dom Pedro Segundo—is so thon of the audience could not way, even were it considered “g ten. Ite builders overdid it in the matte? of size, and it is capable of seating 11,500, besides its unusually wide corridors and promenade gal- leries and innumerable dressing and lunch rooms, ‘The emperor had two boxes in this big theater—one a small private box and the other the grand and gorgeous box of the state. When- ever the venerable old gentleman bad been ont dining somewhere and wished to look in on the ballet a few moments before returning to his ood wife in the country home at San he slip into this attracting much ristavoa,, Private Dox Gy could without PRETTY GIRLS OF BRAZIL. Sttention. But when th@ grand mogul “Society,” whose stern mandates even an em- peror mnst obey. demanded that he appear i he carried his jeweled grandeur and his iy to the big proscenium box. On each gecasion be dashed up to the theater door with his uniformed guards, equerties und bejeweled gentlemen-in-waiting, and aa he entergd the box the play was instantly suspended, actors and actresses and ballet dancers paused in their tracks, the orchestra struck 1p the soul stirring Hymne Nacional and the peopie spruny to their feet and male the par ange tape | “Viva Dow Pedro Segundo.” Then the kind old fogy smilZd, bowed, took his reat and play, song and dance proceeded. I am told that pre- cisely that performance took place on the very night before the emperor's ‘uncrowning, and the vivas were not a bit less hearty than ueual, though in that vast audience were many of the schemers who had already planned that he should not “viva many hours longer as the ruler uf Brazil. MOTELS ARF EXECRABLE. ‘The hotelv of Rio are simply execrable, and Should you ask your | the hotel paratively clean and morally decent mix- fare of French, ish and Port ods, There are alao many pecially near the Botofoga A MARKET WoMAR. are desirable if one can manage to squeeze into them, but which are even mote crowded than le and quite as expensive. Wherever you live in Brazil, it will not be very well in the line of food, for money cannot buy what does not exist in ‘the country. You must expect miserable meat and worse cooking, no vegetables and pastry thatan ostrich would hesitate to, tackle: nothing any where near what it shonld be, except the salads pre- pareli by yourself, wines,preserved dulces and « few other imported articles, fruite which are sure to kill in this climate if you consume too many, and eggs which the worst cocinero ¢an- not spoil, if you will insist upon sticking to them boiled and served in the shell. Come to think about it, perhaps I had better modify the latter statement somewhat, for in the matter of eggs the natives seem to make little account of age or stage of incubation. But never under the sun were seen such pineapples, aranges and strawberries, not to mention grapes, peaches, mangoes, bananas and a hundred strange vari- eties never seen or heard of at the north, tropi- cal in size and richness (and in too, iteaten to excome), and “in season” the reat around. But in everything that is cooked, from young chicken fo snail on toast, grease and garlic are need galore, till every human being you meet seems to perspire the former as freely as he smells of the latter. JERKED BEBF 48 A STEADY DIRT. Everywhere in Brazil jerked beef is an im- portant article of food. Immense quantities of it are exported from Uruguay and the Ar- gentine Republic, and it is stated that not less than 30,000 tons Brazil. Thi leathery, indigestible substanes consumed by this seanty population. It furnishes the food for plantation laborers and for the lower classes in cities. Indeed, it tay be called the Brazilians’ national dish, for itis ss ent on every table, at least twice a day, stewed with beans and grease and , a6 the fre- joles of Mexico or the rice of China. Another t delicacy hereabout is bacalao (codfish), as ly exteemned among the Brazilians as a tridge, planked shad and terrapin in the trict of Columbia. At least 100,000 tubs of cod- fish are annually sent to Brazil from the United States and Nova Scotia, and the people are‘ so fond of it that the fresh fish of their own rivets are entirely ignored for “‘bacalao,”” which is a feature of every banquet, as indispensable as roast turkey ata New England Thanksgiving. But when prepared in Portuguese fashion and served on the aie board beng eno Mt caught it would never recognize his own cod- fish, so begreased and begarlicked ts it, and turned a rusty red by the addition of strange condiments and served with yams and cabbage and dness knows what else, in one abomina- bie ollapodrida, which once smelled ean never be forgotten. ‘As everywhere in Spaniah-America, good wine is always procurable, while tea, water and other mild beverages to which we “weaker vessels” are more accustomed are frowned with it,” and it is equally true of the Portuguese in Brazil. The laboring class drink a vile bev- erage called casasch, which is made in regular distillery fashion from the juice of the sugar cane; bit,at before remarked, drunkenness (ex- cept on coffee) is uncommon, because that vice isa sure invitation to death in the form of Yellow Jack. ‘VAST NUMBERS OF DECORATIONS. Among other queer things that the stranget observes in Brazil are the vast numbers of decorations—stare and crosses, &¢.—which ap- pears to have been recklessly bestowed, often mm boys of twelve and ‘fourteen years old, ‘who certainly ean have done nothing to win such distinction. There ix a very large body of in Rio belonging to the decayed ‘and most of them still sport on all ble occasions, the court dresses and gal forms and decorations of a past regime. It is their small sons and pot tel wt ns ‘one sees tricked out in tawdry silks and velvets, with stare and crosses und iniuiature crowns pinned on their jackets. These decorations are as Ukely to have been obtained by purchase se by inheritance, for there used to be a custom in Brazil under which patents of nobility, with | water all signs and emblems, could be bought for filthy lucre, and the rage for them was un- bonnded. he highest of all the decorations wus “the insignia of the Order of Christ,” and at one time the keeper of every pulqueria, as well as his- fellow citizens above and ps low a social gamut, appeared on every holiday a ‘habit de Chrasto™ on is wnistooat front Chureh dignitaries and civilians of big! Wore them also, and being handed down from generation to generation they still appear, often with Indicrous inappropriateness, NO NEW FASHIONS IN DRESS, The provailing costume of Brazilians in the rural districts has not changed much fn the Inst hundred years. The men still wear broad- brimmed hats, with low crowns, tied under the chin with a ribbon, velveteen jackets, waistcoats of gorgeous colors bedecked with brass or silver buttons, linen drawers, high black gaiters buttoned tothe knee; the whol topper by a sort of cape, similar to that still used in Portu- Bal, generally lined with scarlet and thrown negligently over one shotilder. This quaint old-time fashion prevails only in the interior, principally among the well todo. In Rio and Other seaside cities the gentlemen dress in the moat correct of European costumer, and the ladies get themselves up more Frenohily, if one may com » word, than anybody in, France, bar- ting glaring ineongruiti colors, sometimes #0 atroctously “swear at one another” in a Wa: drive a French woman efazy. Dui short trips we have eo far made into wre have been amused to eee ladies the streets with all the airs and fowls, wearing enormous hoo ines” and water falls dui shoulders—exact copies of the thirty years ago. : Bat ‘this it country for the of ea pad cae tian Oo mee bp bulate so jority of the “common Boe igal sade = together super: naked that it does not matter which one the stranger se+ Jects, he wilj surely wish he had gone to another. As there are not nearly enough hotels for the amount of travel, and those that exist are as in- that are their com aod orton ee hereabee REEDS IMMIGRATION. Brazil will never be & very prosperous eotn- try until ite present population bas been greatly augmented by European or North American im- ero Of ite 12,000,000 le at least 3,000,000 are ex-alavee and state of in « they have living without work has fos- xtray’ There. are few men in Brazil whose money did not later jaloest sameensopt Sumtguans won surat * none: it themselves, Faxstz B. Wap, —____ ++ —_—_ THE DYNAMIC BURRO. His Active Hind Legs as Weapons of Of- fense and Defense. From the San Francisco Chronicle. ‘The burro has from time immemorial been an important animal. He has played in great Toles in ancient times, and the biblical chron- fclers paid vast attention to his many points. He has ever been as a patient and laborious brute, atterly ‘Wevold of artistic tastes and sentimentality, but Patrick Henry Gale of the town of Indio, who has had an inti- mate acqnaintance with asses of all kinds, throws a tiew light on the burro’s character. In fact, he shows that asa fighter the burro is ‘enequaled, and rather surprised his hearers by saying that he was ready to back » burro against anything from a griazly bear to a royal Bengal tiger. One gentleman had expremed wonder at barto whipping « stallion, when Mr. Gale explained: “Any Jack will whip sny stallion that walks.” “Surely you are mistaken,” somebody said. “You don't mean to say that a jack can whip» stallion.” “That is exactly what I mean,” answered Gale. “They are the worst fighters in the world. Why, bless me if I don’t believe a jack will fight hogar ¢ I know a good deal about burros,” he added ina reflective way. Being er ithgive yous, few uosedoter sigan 01 anect burros which have come under my "personel observation. We were a large crowd once cro ing the desert, and when py oe noe Mojave we saw a goodly number of stock browsing in the open plain. ‘The first care of one of our ‘men was to securely tether our old stallion,who was most vicious and who was never so happy aa when engaged jin maiming and wounding stock. My friend had taken extraordinary pains to secure his warlike antmal and we sat down to our meal. No sooner had we commenced to eat than we heard the thunder of horses’ hoofs, and, Jamping up, saw this brate charging in the direction of the herd. “Doggone it,’ mid the owner, ‘that brute will injare half’ dozen hotues of so, and I shall have to pay damages. Did you ever see siteh Inck?” “I had, however, noticed # long, low, rakish gray outline in the horizon and, catching up my, gitses, saw that it was a Jock, fea ’t worry yourself, old man,’ A ‘that burro will settle his haah.’ “ “Bosh!” he answered, “he'll chaw that Jack up alive “Will he?" “We heard a loud hee-haw and there was Master Jack bearing down upon the horse. For a few minutes we could see nothing for dust. It was a terrific battle. “That burro'll get killed,’ sala the owner of the horse, excitedly. He had no sooner spoken the words than the horse came tearing back to camp with a great raw place on his withers. The burro had simply torn it to shreds. “*Good heavens! {f he hain't ruined. my horse!’ anid the owner of the animal in a tone of mingled despair and rage. “That horse was the worst Sigler in Keine ssh hott “‘Well,’ I replied, soothingly, ‘you bet he’ never fight another burro.” “T once saw another battle with a burro and a stallion, which, however, proved more disus- trous to latter. It was ata ranch, anda miner came along with a burro laden down with provisions, pickaxes, &c.; in fact, a complete outfit. He asked leave to stay for the night near our house, and we consented. ““By the way,’ said tha farnter, ‘I have a mighty bad horve here—an out-an-out fighter. You'd better tie up that jack of yours or he'll yur.’ or tala’ afeard,’enid the miner. sa yer own bizness, We call the felt, it horse Pizen ‘cause be's such an ornary fighter.’ “My jack ean look arter himself,’ said the miner, haughtily. Thad never yet s¢en a burro and a horse to- gether, and I thought the miner was rash, Look here,’ I chipped in, ‘why don't you fetier that jack? ‘There'll bea dead donkey around here tomorrow and you can’t blame +f “Young man, Where was you ne i?” T'd a like to take the cusednew out of that ‘ere chap,’ said the rancher, as he puffed at his pipe when we were housed. “Nothing would have pleased me better than for our old Pizen to kill that jack. ae ,’ suid the ranchoro, with a humor- ous twinkle in his off eve, ‘that ‘ere jack te lonely. Suppose we introduce Pizen to biin.’ “We stole out of the house quietly, ‘The tainer was sitting by the fire he had built near the pump and was cooking his meal. He saw ‘us go toward the barn. We felt mighty ashamed of ourselves, and the farmer looked at me and “He looked at me for a moment and observed: ‘Gale, T ain't got the heart to do it. It ain't the miner I care for, but that poor donkey. He ain't done us any hart.’ No, he ain't,’ I mid, ‘but when Pizen’s get- fing away with him we ‘can rush out of the house and stop it.” «<All right, sighed the gentle-hearted farmer. ‘Tt must be done just to tench them miners that we ain't simple country folk.’ "We hented Pizen for the jack, and thero was aclashasif two thunderbolts had met. We rushed out of the cabin as agreed upon, but in- stend of the burro trying to run away from Pizen there was Pizen running away from the burro and the jack in full . ‘The river ran through the ground and the horse heade straight on the banks. He did not choose hi way, but fell froma steep binff and broke his neck, dyit instantly. When we got to the banks the burro was quictly eating the succu- lent grass and old Pizen was floating in the r. « ‘Well, I'l be —! We said no more. “The miner looked at us when we returned, but we did not exchange good nights. We went ilently into the house und moodily sought our beds, When between the covers the farmer sad; ‘Gale.’ I maid, “Well, and his anewer was: “My next story carries me back to Mexico. I was not present, but « friend of mine, a miner, tella me this, and from what I have seen of burros, I believe it. “He was traveling in the Sicrra Madre range of mountains with four burros, ‘The leader was a pretty good-sized animal, and he had a pretty good-sized load on his ‘back. ‘The burro and my friend were in the advance, and as he turned a bend in the narrow road he saw a huge cinnamon bear standing by a bush, parently engaged eating the berries. We clung to the wall of the mountain in terror, and expected to see the burros take fight, But instead of that what did the leader do but open his jaws to their widest extent, and, making the most awful uproar, charge right on fot that bear. He had arched his back, and with the big load on it he made o singular’ and triking figure. My friend was breathless ndacity. “Master Brutn was equally as astonished, for when he saw that devilish donkey making. for him he spun around that Dush in abject terror, then, letting go, threw himself headlong down the precipitous motn- tein side. xy heebawed in right good catnert, whisked his tail and decorously resumed his place in the . You conld not have bonght that donkey from my friend for the entire wealth of = ‘prospective I anid, ‘tell me the chief point in » ‘Didn't Samson with whone of an ass! I think a desert of Mexican jack must hav one | over to Palestine. quick that it fs an impossibility for them to be Ricked. They will run in under « horse and bite and maim him before their reece horses: t can inahick. There is no end to their pluck, SHIPS FOR THE COAST. POLICE OF THE SEAS. se | Fresh Departarée to Be Made in Uncle Sam's Light House Service. New Steam Propeller Light Ships—Nevel System of Lights and Fog Whistles=A New Kind of Light—Klectrie Buoys—Isolated ight Meuses and Thetr Keepers. NE ITEM IN THE sundry civil bill now pending—namely, that “appropriating money for the light-house sys- tem of the country—hae not been and cannot safely be pared a penny, | Franciseo market. at ‘Watchdog Holman raya. Far from crippling the counting new lights, Congress seems disposed to increase its effi- ciency. Many novel improvements ate soon fo be adopted. Four steam propeller light ships, the first ever built, are nearly finished. Each of them will have an electric plant on board and eight electric flash lights, controlled by an intermittent current; also = search light for weeping the sea at night, a eteam windlas# and a steam fog whistle, It is soon to be arranged that the fog whistle or fog bell of every light ship shall sound her number always. Toot, toot! Toot, *toot, toot! will signify No. 23. “What is No. 23?” the cay may ask, He looks on the number in his light book, with which every skipper is ided, and finds that it is the Cape Charles light ship. Then he knows where he is. Light house No. 82 will have three red stripes and then two more, to identify it by in the day time, and at — its light will flash three times and then e after a moment's interval. It will be the ‘same with all the light houses and light ships, only small and easy numbers being used, cause they can be repeated every 100 miles without danger of causing mistakes. A NEWLY IXVENTED KIND OF LiOnT. The light bouse board has just sent to the French government for information respecting a newly invented kind of light, said to be vastly more brilliant than any hitherto discovered, magnesium. Being the whitest artificial li known it has a peculiar power to pierce fog, which should render it of inestimable value for light houses and light ships, Six 100-candle- power clecirio buoys lighted by wires trom dy Hook have marked the main channel in New York harbor since 1888, three red and three white, enabling ocean steamships to enter at night instead of lying out to sea until morning as formerly. They are the only ones in the world. A seventh is to be added a month hence at the southwest spit, which is the turning point for all big teansatlantic vessels. Before lon; buoy system is to be exten widely. Congress has been asked to money as soon as possible for the construction of a steam propeller light ship, with all the im- | h: provements above described, fo take of the stanch old wooden tnb that now guards the New South Shoal off Nantucket, ‘The New South Shoal light ship is farther off shore than any other light in the world, being twenty‘six miles from the nearest land. It is the last stationary human habitation seen by passengers on transatlantic steamers bound outward from New York, and is sought by those vessels as the first mark to steer by on their return, Not far from the shonl which it guards are the dreaded “banks,” which have been a veritable graveyard for ships, havin; record of 500 known dinasters. ‘The vessel t) runs upon them is beyond human help. There, like the phantom ship of fabled story, “Light Ship No. 1, New South Shoul,” eails @ voyage withont an end, being anchored with an iron cable, and i# buffeted by eontimual moorings, frequently on such occasions drifting | o} out into the middle of the ocean, because she like a crab. Actidents of this sort are apt to happen to light ships. The one at Cross Rip, in Nantueket sound, was once fost for more than a month, fetéhing up in the Gulf 6f Mexico and being towed in finally to New Orleans with all hands safe aboard. By using her believed that the proposed steam the New South Shoal will be able to ease the strain on her chain and so avoid breaking away. XO MORE WRECKING FOR sport. ‘The lighting of seacoasts has done away with the business of wrecking vessels for spoil. A British inspector of light houses,not many years 0, spoke to a boatman of the Orkney Islands about the dilapidated sails of the «1 craft be had hired. The fellow replied, “If you hadn't come here with your lights we might o’ had better sails to our boats and more of other things.” Before the light houses were built, when only the bell of the Abbot of Aberbro- thock warned suilors of their dangerous prox- imity to the Inchcape Rock, disasters to ping were so frequent that the farmers Orkney Islands ure said to have used wine in- stead of milk in their noo 4 P yore je and to haveefenced their farms with Honduras mahog- i They bitterly opposed the erection of light houses,saying that “if wrecka were to hap- n they might as well be sent to thelr poor Elinds ss clowhere.” ‘The saurder of ip wrecked unfortunates for plunder seems to have been regarded as pardonable, if a he tively commendable, in former times. Not the ocean itself was so merciless as the Irish who stabbed to death and beheaded the castaways of the Spanish armada, whose religious cause was their own, in order to rob them of their jewels ny 8. It is said that the people of the Babamas used tematically to lure ships upon the reefs of islands, imitating a revolving flash med ‘ing a lantern to a horse's tail and wall the beast around in a circle. Many ascertaine facts of well-nigh incredible horror would seem to snggest that the wea communicates some- thing of its own cruelty to those who live on or near it. Was there ever a tale pe ar the imagiuation of the romancer more di ful than the true story of the Palatine, —_ left Holland for ergo br ed —. ing a# passengers many rieh Dute le who intended to wettle near. Philadelphia? For six weeks in pleasant weather the amply provie- ioned vessel sailed ap and down the Delaware coast, while the officers and crew cut off the food supply of the passengers, the pangs of hunger compelling the unarmed and starving wretches to buy at exorbitant prices the mis- erable fragments which their tyrants chose to deal out to them. Twenty of them died of star- vation before the storm came up that wrecked the ship on Block Island, In 1825 made it a felony, punishable with ten years’ amet and 4,000 fine, to show false lights for the purpose of causing shipwreck. THE MIxOT's LEDGE Lio#T HoURE. One of the most wonderful light houses in the world is that at Minot's Ledge, near Boston, Its history bad been one of romance. The greater part of its foundation is under water at Jow tide. In 1847.8 skeleton light house of iron was erected there on iron piles placed in holes drilled into the rock. A furious hurricane burst upon the coast in April, 1861, aud anxi watchers from the Cohasset shore thought that the structure had been carried away. But, ‘the it night tne fog bell was beard above the roaring of the breakers. At daybreak the ocean wasa blank—the light house was gone. Knowing that peg could reach them, the kee} had lighted ei ‘Then they are 0 | fou service, which coste $2,..| Mi 800,000 a year without | one other br thing movable, look like gigantic spiders squatting on water. Others still, like that at Point eee built complete and others yet are built com at and transported fa they are to be put const te aiicalt enough, on the precipi the trouble is to get to that they may not be in of a vessel astray | of the upper light house tower is 189 feet from ite base tothe center of the lantern,at Cape Hatteras. Highest above the sea level is the one at Point Loma, at the entrance of San house board gave a contract for $800, for building a light house on the continually stormy that stone around itand so . ficial island for a foundation. Unfortunately, which is produced by automatic explosions ot the firs after spendir will freee provide for the buildimg of the light | Pha jouse by the tached to the New Tok heskor electric and of the first . Though placed Congress management of the ‘ight house board, ite ob- ct is purely sentimental, and itis not partict- . sh it hae wer equal to 196,000 visible at a distance of the place | wit! On January 90, 1860, the the ‘The reefs near the Isle of Sein, a few miles off the northwest corner of France, were for cen- count of the fogs region. In 11 Highs house, which was at the lowest tide five feet out of water. The task of erecting. the proj structure on such 4 spot seemed hopeless, but it 8 | was a case where even the apparentiy had to be tried. We ties leet oper, to be sobong vant feet ‘subsequen: bare of fron extending upward that was to be laid. torms, | intervals that a landing on the rock was prac- ‘Twenty-three times she has broken front her | tl ishermen opportunity. Whenever there was s chance to built for riding out gules and. gos fo leeward | ieed, thoy basta carryin, and ‘frill were weched away were picked up by the boata. At the end of the first year’s labor seven land- mopar 4 | tated nin aes ti it bored. In the fight abtp for | had been masonry beiny cement. By above high-water mark. ‘The tower now stands, completed, ninety-two feet in height. Ite struction ingennity of man in overcoming the forces of ‘ature, shoals where the erection of light houses is im practicable. Fifty of them guard dangerous Uncle Sam's jurisdiction. In addition to these there are i shij re yell station ‘of the | tow it back. If another light ship is dispatched at once to take ite Spiny house service is divi each of which is managed by cer of army the former attends to all matters of construc- tion and repair the latter has charge of the run- ning of the light ships and light houses, receiv. ing vessel walter eed pal which are octuple lanterns with reflectors, sur Trcoats $6,000 a year to mainiain’s ight ship. great his,” which fed io tricts are bought an lenses, i are man’ the 260,000 gallons of oil consumed sani 4 Formerly r: i and tions, with which the keepers at isolated stations | fF are provi the for erations. Bepectedly 5 ings, us well as live stoc and every- ‘has been swept away by the sea, DIFFERENT STYLES OF LioRY HOUSES, Some light houses are tall towers, while others & i g LE ) tall cliffs, iy the lantern o's €. | a are inexpressibly mourn: sections to the consist of an i F F & on tous shore of such structures shrou ist ib tically c Istiberaied iar horrible — are particularly wat The first it built was at St. Rated ton terns Li s look-out, whence the Spanish jown could see vessels approuching Gr get notice of the 60 i if atmospheric levels. foot bay, Cal., 469 ht the ocean, Not long ago the fst rous Diamond Shoal, three miles off Cape jatteras. In that locality the waters are 80 task seemed almost contractor started in by =, but ge an iron cylinder made in compartments an “ called a |," the purpose drive the cylinder ‘nto the bottoms ‘by pum} the sand out from within i then filling it wit first caisson was catried away, and, about @100,000 on the the attempt ioet historie fob, on top of themat night. The most famous bly be abandoned. Doubtless Con- light opens stood on the Isle of ‘ros, off the city Alexandria, in Egypt. It = one of oy — of the world, and was put up during the reign of Ptolmy in| Philadelphus, After Manding tor 1,600 years it ‘was destros a te. It is under- stood to have been over feet high, ecient che TG cues verre t hel — of under the tly useful as an aid to navigation. ‘Written for The Evening Star. light in the world is at Sydney, Australia, candles and is ‘The Caged Eagle. L [The most | Science knows what the eagle is, and we Know of the feathered race he's rightly king, ‘The imperial bir@ of “broad snd ‘fil it house force of 6,000 pounds to the square foot. astorm breaker tore awa; in. if wing,’ ‘The chosen emblem of the brave and free. Sure igis the height of thoughtless craelty From his wild haunts the tameless one to bring, ‘And coop him here like some base, criminal ‘ting, ‘Victim of criift, an {ate thow to be. Open his narrow cage, and let him go; Let him fall wide expand his drooping pinions, Select a noble mate—a slave to mote— Whore rocks rise high, and streams impetuous flow; Bid him assume his own anfenced dominions, ‘His eyrie build, breast storms, ahd sunward soar! nm A lover true of liberty am I, Of song as well, not would I keep confined, To hear him sing, a bird of any kind, Barred from the joys the sun, woods, flelds supply, ‘Neath heaven's vast dome, for all the fowls that ay. There’s verge enough, as Nature's laws de- algned; bell, weighi tower, more the dread of mariners, particularly on ac- commonly prevailing fn that 8 rock was sel for & was begun by rock, one foot and : Sager with into the masonry use it was only at rare ble, a contract was made with the fi ‘Sein to bore the holés whenever there was an med tothe rock with small boate ‘tools and life belts, and plied hammer between the breakers. "The men who Ro prison song brings plessare to my mind, ‘While o'er the caroling captive’s fate I sigh. But why immare the exgie? His no throat To pour sweet music in a jafler's ear; He knows to «tng no better than a goose. On’s image stamped in allver and gold ye dote; ‘Set him, then, free, to prove youf love sincere; ‘To hold him pent there's neither sénse nor use! May 14, 1992. —W. L. Smozmaxen. ——_—_+ro-—____ AN INFLUX OF JAPANESE. ‘They Come for Education, but Wotk Cheaper made and fifteen holes were necessary number of hol made and the fron bolts were inserted, laid around them with quick 875 the foundation was eight feet con- tlustrates the indomitable energy and WHEN LIGHT SHIPS ABE USED. ‘Light ships are usually employed to mark ‘From the fan Francisco Examiner. “It is singular that the influx of Japanese has been passed by with so Little notice,” said Collector of the Port Timothy Guy Phelps the other day. ints near the shores of ocean and lakes under ht spare light ships for When's Tight kip is sent out to it has ot ed off ita ook for it and disappeared altogether lace.” The covered ‘by the light “ into sixteen districts, ‘one engineer offi ‘and one navy officer. - While great thet ite eradication may require the harsh measures that have been found necessary with the Chinese.” ‘The immediate occasion for’ Mr. Phelps’ re- map that he had just te- ceived the cor of immi; iat ioneae es i rt the number of $41 Japanese’ of whom 335 Sere males and six females. This lude those the rap and having a Light reports of anything is are cre bik distributed are more Goan anywhere ela. ‘They are one or two lights, the masts and from = the rought over such a horde ta, and never before has There are 750 light houzes on the Atlantic and if coasts, 130 on the Pacific shore and 280 on lakes, On rivers there are 1,600 * are mere lanterns with lenses ita. They cost $10 apiece, and $160 Direquired year to maintain each of them, ie ayant , Hludson a ituminated from end to end. ‘Tho main “de- it” of the service is at Tomkinsville, Staten nd. here all supplies for the sixteen dis- ea Goa Bot oe ll 8 ee oe fc , buoys, anchors, . Mfactared ‘thet 260 for qn 4 “tongs” was beatii aa bare ‘Written for The Evening Star. .TWO NAVAL OFFICERS. Both Gained Notoriety From Their Dim- culties—Ex-Senator Jones’ Visit. ‘My mention of Emmit Hooe im an article in Tax Stax some weeks ago attracted the atten- tion of Mr. Arthur Hooe of Hoos Brothers, « Telative, and from bim I obtained some very interesting incidents in the life of Lieut. Hove. There were two brothars in the navy, both of ‘them lieutenants—Mason Hooe and Emmit Hooe. They both obtained a good deal of at- tention from troubles they got into. Mason Hove was second in command of the Vandalia, and Cspt. Levy, who was in command, ob- tained leave of absence and left on board two colored servants, and for sone breach of dis- cipline Lieut, Hooe ordered the boatewain to give thom a dose of the “cat.” The legal number of lashes were given and they became abusive, and Lieut. Hove ordered them to be tea egnin, and ee thet order wee i On return, im iy courvanardal and reprimasdel, ‘Fumi Hoot hada more serious diticulty with the «urgoon of the ship and challe: him. The doctor made no reply to Licut. Hooe's note, and in the Meanwhile yellow fever broke ott on boatd the ship, which was ordered home from the Wost india Conat — me bee od — Inland, on the Georgia, then the residence of the owner, Mr. Jeckyl. On the island he had « pri how pital, for he was the owner of @ large number of slaves, and be extended an invitation to the officers to bring their sick to the horpital a remain as his guests while the ship was being fumigated. BR SHOT TRE DocToR. While there Emmit Hooe met the doctor and struck bim with a whip, and the dootor Rnocked him down and with a heavy pair of him severely, when Hooe shot him, killing him in- le was tried by court-martial and ~ | sequitted and left on leave for his home in Virginia. After he had left the governor of Georgia offered a reward for his apprebew ond prey me : , learning of it, be left his father’s “Freedland,” on the Rappshannock, with two friends to go to Georgia end surrender himself for trial. “In those days there were no rail- roads; and, taking a carriage and arming them- selves and the driver, for they determined to resist an arrost, they mace their way to Georgin and submitted toa trial, Hooe wus acquitted, though a letter from hi furning the pistols he had borrowed, was in the hands of the prose- cuting attorney saying “they had accomplished what he designed.” From that day, however, man, morose and loo ani he was acl un when under the influence of sect ait, unhappy "a, Hove died in 1845 on aboard ship just before landing in New York,and was buried there in one of its cemeteries.” He was one of the most courteous gentlemen, mild and gentle as n woman, with a voice of singular eweetness, but when under the influence tunately that was not infre nature underwenta change. Hi with Capt. Levy. On th the Vandalia was off Pensacola, arrived and the French officers were entertained on board the American «hip, and in return the French officers invited the Americans to par- take of their bogpitality. While on board Emmit Hooe went below to the ward room and found the captain of the French ship and Capt. Levy seated at the table drinking wine, and as he entered he heard Cupt. Levy tell th of the ship, in French, not to inv drink. He ‘stepped up to the table and taking Levy's glass of wine dashed it in hie face and his nose. The French captain rose and seized Hooe and ordered him of the ship and was handling bim pretty roughly when Hooe knocked him down, and with all the officers left a VISIT OF RX-SENATOR JOXES. The visit of Gen. George W. Jones of Iows to Washington brings back to us one who knew is city in that early day when the greatness it has obtained was almost undreamed of and when the grandeur and beauty of its original slept under the dust of years in the office of the commissioner of public building. The extent of those designs, the conception of | Ni the father of his country, wrought out by Maj. L’Enfant, was too much ‘for the infant city to with, andomly after many years of ob- man arose in Gov. Alexander herd and in the fullness of time to ex- hume to carry out the ideas which had emanated from Washington more than balf a century before. Gen. Jones returns to find in- stead of the slightly enlarged village it when he first entered the halls of Congress, more than sixty years ago, the most lovely city in the world and its population increased tenfold. Gen. Jones’ ‘entrance into the House of Representatives was as the territorial delegate from Michigan, and he was the lnst delegate from that territory ere it entered into the sisterhood of states. He then moved to Towa, then a territory, and became ite first delegate, and on its entrance into the Union he was for years its representative in the Senate of the United States. After a lengthened service in the Senate he retired, and when Mr. Buchanan was elected ho was sent as minister to Bogota. Bat one of those who served with ex-Senstor Jones in the Honre of Representa- tives or in the Senate survives, and that eur- vivor is Mr. Bradburs of Maine, who revisited ‘the scene of his senatorial cureer last winter, end though bearing the weight of eighty-nine years they weighed so lightiy on him that he Fetains nearly his activity of years ago. AN EVENTFUL CAREER. Ex-Senator Jones’ life has been one of great interest. His public career was full of eventful incidents, He has seen stateafter state emerge from its territorial existence, when the govern- ment removed the Indian occupants of the soil to give to the emigrant a home, and again and again removed them as westward the star of empire took its course, until today, when the far west, as he knew it, is brought into imme- diate contagt with the original states of the Union. He has seen the Atlantic and the Pa- cific brought within afew days of cach other by advanced modes of travel, which bad no ex- the rapidly succeeding years, while be was a resident here, A pont favorite in society, no party or ball was complete unless graced b: Wgeneral's genlal presence. He participated, ian wars of the frontier, then & powerful foe, and’ saw Mexican 66 18 THE AGE OF AUTOMATIC music,” said dealer in musical insta ments to e Stan writer, “Of recent years # thas been considered necesm-y that ever’ voung lady properly brought up shonld be put through certain course of sprouts with rrapect to te piano. Parents have not umually considered # worth while to inquire whether or not theif Ganghters possessed any natard talent of « me- sical order. Playing on the piano being ree garded as a necesmry accomplishment, little girls were and are till compelled to go through what are to them unspeakable agonies in the way of learning how to ‘paw the ivories,” as val: gar folke may, just as others of thelr ex and age in China must endure the pain of having theip fest deformed for purposes of fashion. “It may fairly be contended that the reentty obtained are not in proportion to the labor ang expense involved. After years of “practicing, eqally aftioting to the per‘ormer and to thou who are obliged to listen to her fforts,the avers ng lady te enabled to execute a certaig number of sonatas and waltzes in a mechanical fashion for the alleged entertainment of her relatives and acquaintances. She plays just ap she draw# or paints, by rote, The ‘accomplish ment’ represents a part of the equipment which ix supposed to render her more attrac: tive —'- of goods im the matrimonial market. By a curious paradox, as soon ae she ed she almost invariably gives up her ce’ entirely and her husband receives ne benefit from that which has cost so much tue and mon y, the time has arrived when «ch « hours and y i no longer required for the ose of supplying any ante that may re q perlor organs can now be bonght which will play themselves. Here, tor example, is a beautiful instrament of the latter sort, suttable for any drawin {t ean be piayed upon like tone is perfect, and latest improv ‘stops,’ running all the way from the “flute” t the “vox humana,” The price of it ix #300. suppor that you have ‘never learned bo play. “In atch # case all you have to Ao ts to open this panel in front of the jnstrament and im sert one of these rolls of paper. You will ob- serve that the paper is perforsted just like that which is emploved in the toy called the ‘or- Fuinette.” Push the bellows beneath with your leet and the instrament plays itself. Further More, it plays itself a great deal better tham most people who understand the piano could play tt, becanse the mechanical arrangement ta made with a high degree of ransical «kill. Ne ger, therefore, neod any oue «pend years in cing. All that is necessary is , and the mu will do the Tee perforated paper passing over reeds of the in- étroment makes tf shall be able to show you itaclf by the operation of § 8, good music, including all the latest pop- ular tunes as well as classical . within easy reach of every hi hours which the fashionably was formerly obliged to «p posed daughter in practicing she can now devote to helping ber mother with the housework.” OLD 1 Ancient Melodics May Ue Traced in Modern Airs. From the Boston Musical Herald. Some of the old transformations of songs are due to what must originally have been very much like theft. Thus “Willie, We Have Missed You" is only a paraphrase of the famous Scotch song, “Jock 0’ Hazledean.” ‘The yet more cel= ebrated “John Anderson, My Jo,” is sus- piciously like “When Johnny Comes Marching Home Again,” @ popular song of war times. But sometimes these resemblances to Scotch music come about very innocently. Thus a strathspey is changed into “Oft in the Stilly and this is by no means @ distant tele ‘Nearer, My God, to Thee,” thus mak- ing a favorite hymn true first cousin to an un= godly and very energetic dance. Such changes might occur through the une conscious retention of a tune in the mind, as mee happened to Mendelssohn while composing Elijah.” He had heard “Auld Robin Gray’ sung to Levee’ tune (this popular melody is not the original tune which went with the words) and the mel i $ When, without ; t the words of “Oh, Rest in the ‘treme horror of the publisher, he used Leeves’ tune, without in the least being conscious of rim. When his attention was drawn to the fact he altered the melody, but the careful observer Will still discover something of the favor of “Auld Robin Gray” in “Ob, Hest in the Lord.” Many of the songs of the German students have been stolen and reproduced in new on this side of the A Maryland,” for exampi old German % song The simple little song so arten or Sunday school as “Oh, Come, Come Away,” is one of the mont popular of student but im Germany it Tepresents the merits of the fiery punch called crambambull. Our nations) music te full of saotamorpboses kin to those mentioned above, “Yankes being old English, “The Star 8; jovial drinking song and “America” the English national an ‘Even the hymn- ology is not exempt from these inopportune resemblances, for ‘Sun of My Soul” ie not far from Mozart's “Se Vou! ballare,” and mat other instances of metamorphoses could be cited. But enough has been noted to prove Solomon's saying,““There is no new thing under the sun,” may be very strongly applied to DIAMONDS IN INDIA. Rich Fields of Pure Stones Which Have Becn Worked for Centuries. From the 81. Louis Post-Dispatch. Mr. A. Merwin Smith, M.E., in @ recent paper on “Diamonds in India,” says: “The diamondiferous ares in India, so fat as is known, is perhaps more extensive than that of the rest of the world put together, and nine reer | tenths of the famous jewels of the world are fall of fife id vig ny PIT of life and vigor and activity, of business, and where the few friends of the long past who remain to greet him will be cor- iy How gently time hae dealt jf the ex-Sensior is best, told by his a ce and activity. Save the snows of those ‘will | many winters which have left their hue upon as wellas the tools for bandling all kinds lamps. One vided with at night, distributes supplies amo Hight bo upply steamer of large size, search light #0. that it'ean go if ‘and light ships coasts. jong the A\ ese supplies include E 500 tie te i E are from $60 brad Hl 4 z 3 ES F i i i e Hii z = Ff # o weebt che him there is little cha: Representative and the fn the Delegate, the of the long ago. lady correspondent of the Spectator at Oxford has written to point out that the “nimble mar- moset” has already been the object of similar investigations, and, ne it guccess. Ni ‘i i te F E ? i certainly Indian stones. The Kob--noor, Nizam, Great Mogul, Regent, Great Table and Austrian Yellow are historic gems of Indien origin. Wortby of ranking with these we have only the Matan from Borneo, Star of the South from Brazil and Porter Rhodes fram the Cape. ‘That the Indian mines still produce stones of large size and of the purest water we have evi- dence in the fine i i z it i i init i i K i it i age tf ; it H Uf : H ! f tt | i i ii : | il E if if ij