Evening Star Newspaper, March 26, 1892, Page 10

“ a THE MAIN ROAD, TWO MILES FROM CLEVELAND. ik MAIN ROAD, TWO MILES FROM ¢ - = Were in this country 14,213,837 _ horses, THE COUNTRY ROADS, |Scet,5 ce 290 guaen ean }and other draught animals, valued at 215 each—making a total of 53,399,888 animals used on the roads, at a total value of $1,721. 535,798. All these horses and mules work some time on the roads, and, indeed, much the greater pert of the total work done by them is upon country roads and city streets. If all the work doue by them was upon the roads, the inereased vaiuation, based upon the above hypethesis of earning capacity, would be $573,845,266, but as all the work is not done on the ronds, it i# only fair to reduce this by one- @ Movement to Secure a Good System of | half, and then we would hare, by a general im- Highways, PartlyUnder Nationaland Partly Those in This Country Said to Be the Worst in the World. & PROPOSED COMMISSION. | property in horscs and mules and_ other Under Local Sapervision~The Economle | liraizht animals increased in value 8236 Side of the Case. 922,633. Ihave no figures showing the value and otaer road vebicles 5 IKE COMMON ROADS and country highways in the United States, says John Gilmer Speed in Harper's Weekly, are worse than those to be found in any other country in the world pretending to be civ- ilized and enjoying « stable form of govern- ment. “Even in eolo- nial times,” continues, {My to make better the condition of the com- ‘Mon roads was seriously felt, and in those parts @f the country settled by particularly long- headed people, as, for instance, in the neigh- Dorhood of Boston, there hare always been Pretty good public highways, But,as a rule, all ever the country. from thea till now we have Deen content with dirt roads, which in the winter are muddy quagmires and in summer streaks of dust. Both Washington and Hamilton, after the establishment of the republic, appreciated fully the importance cf » general system of @ommon highways. Washington recommended to Patrick Henry, then governor of Virgini that the location, ‘the building and the repairs ef roads be taken out of the nands of the local Suthorities; for he saw, what we see yet more elearly today, that where our highways are left to the tender mercies of the loeni authorities they are mismanage:}. badiy built and even in their worst condition harmed by any attempts fo make them better. This isnot because these Jecal authorities would not like to have good weeds, but it is becnuse they hare no means ith which to do much better than is done, @ud if they did hnve the means they lack the Pequisite k ce, without which no decent it or managed.” fers to the movement begun in Becent years in favor of the betterment of @vantry roads and says: “The most active pro- Moters of this movement have been the mem- Bers and the committees of the League of American Wheelmen, or, in other words. the Bicycle riders of the country. x at their v 000,000 would be placing it very low would be no chance to say that th ing into con- irs necessitated by reason of bad roads wnd the shortened service able life to such vehicles, I feel safe in assam- ing that with good roads these vehicles would last one-half longer, aud their value, therefore, be increased at least #250,000,000. Taking these two sources of inereosed valuation together, we should have an enhanced property valuation $5 633, all brought about by the im- nt of the common ronds. THE COST OF A GOOD SYSTEM. “Now let us see what it would cost to do the necessary work so that such savings could be made. Ithas been estimated by the authori- ties of the state of New York that with $10,- 000,000 the roads in the entire state could be put in very good condition. The roads in New e at $5 AMERICAN MUD ROAD. York are not better than they aro in other states. They area great deal worse than in some of the New England states, for instance, and I therefore assume that this estimate can be followed as a guide in determining what would be needed to complete in the whole country excellent roads, which, once con- structed, could be cheaply and ‘easily main- tained. ‘Considering the area of New York end the density of population, and using these figures in the problem, I estimate that 400,000,000 would give us a good system of common roads all over the country. This isa great deal of money, but it doesn't seem great compared with the values which would be enhanced by its wise expenditure. And right here it maybe noted that the cost of maintaining ond repairing a highway prop- erly constructed in the first instance ought never to be greater for a year than 1 per cent of its first cort. In the two items of horses and vehicles, as I tave shown, the in- creased value of these properties would more than pay forthe improvement; but it is not These gentle- men bx een ceaseless and energetic in their Work, whic promises in the near future to be ich with good resnlts. At the ontset, and even at this time to some extent, these zentlemen been somewiiat handicapped by the lack Cf esteem of the farming communities “The farmers have alware had to pay for Duilding and repairing roads in this country, @ven when these roads happened to lead from @me prosperous town to another. Very nati-| the greatest value by any means. ‘The effect Bally these people, already overburdened by | upon the horses and vehicles used on roads | would be more immediate and more direct, jand therefore [ have called particular atten- tion to this phase of the subject. The en- hancement of the value of real extate would | beso great that the items I have mentioned | would seem so insignificant as not to be worth discussing. In one neighborhood alone— that of Union county, New Jersey—the im- | provement of the roads has changed values £0 greatly that men who a few years ago wore struggling farmers, with earnings so scant that it was difficult to make two ends meet, are now not only well-to-do, but absolutely rich. They can sell their crops at good profits; they can grow more profitable crops; they can get these crops quickly and cheaply to market: and tneir lands, for which at low prices it was formerly almost impossible to find purchasers, are now in demand at prices which, compared with the old order of things, seem fabulous, and the mere mention of which suggests @ most unaccustomed condition of | provement of the ronds of the courtry, our | problem for many years, and he hae tecentiy secured the it of several moet ceeee|A JAPANESE TEA. bill proposes the formation of | Smine the whole subject, formalste's plan far | TRC anational school of roads and briages and make an exhibit at the world’s fair. “The suggestion that it shall be shown dut- Ing the world’s fair that America necessity of improving her interior method of is particularly hap] I is ia Forms and Ceremonies That Aro Required to Be Observed. THE DUTIES OF THE HOST. Proportion of foreign visit ors #ho to America in’ 4008 wil see only such highways as railroads and city | They Are Made » Test of His Culture, His streets, but those who come really to study us| Taste and His Ent ing Powers—The por ily Fo nner} metal! Occasion Calls for the of the High- course, will see the di Gur | ost Intellectual Ability. common roads. It will be well worth while to show to such as these that we are alive to the importance of the subject and aware of the ‘The Evenine Ster. ‘Written for Teproach of our . ways. ————_+e- —____ MADE A MAN BY 4 SOUND THRASHING. An Unpublished Incident in the Life of Gov. Carlin. ‘From the Chicago Tribune. A few days ago an incident in the life of Gov. Carlin came to light which bas never yet found its way into print, which is undoubtedly true and which illustrates most foreibly the greatness of the man. John C. Reeves, the receiver of the land office at Shswnee- town, was sent to Edwardsville to take tem- Porary charge of the office there. Reeves was @ powerfully muscular mam, ovér six feet tall,an athlete and # “sure shot.” A collage graduate, he had been sent west to take charge of the Shawneetown land office, but spent much of his time in supervising other offices and pelea 5) the affairs when complications caused by inefficient of | cers arose. He was quiet and reserved, yor | withal s genial companion when once ho came well acquainted. He boarded at the “tav- | ern,” but spent nearly all of his time when not eating or sleeping in the office,so that he made few acquaintances in the town. One evening he went to supper, and upon entering the office (bar room it was then called) he noticed sitting in s chair a small-sized man, who would not weigh more than 125 pounds, and who upparently was sick. In « few moments the door opened and in stalked a man fully as large and ganscular as Reeves. He looked around the room a moment, then went up to the sick nan, who was a stranger to him, made some remark and closed by slapping him in the face with his open hand, but in such a violent manner as to knock him off of the chair, As the invalid arose Mr. Reeves expostulated With the assailant, who at once informed him that he did not like it h have some of the same medicine.” The words were scarcely out of his mouth when Reeves, with one bound, jumped from his chair and dealt the man a blow in the face that sent him sprawling over a chair and on to the floor; he follo up the blow by jumping on the prostrate form of the man and raining blows upon his face with almost light- ning-like rapidity. The noise brought the landlord and one or two others to the scene, who, by main strength, pulled Reeves from hia victim. The latter arose, looked around, and staggered out. Then there was such con- sternation as had not been known in Edwards- ville for a long time. Mr. Reeves was informed that the man he had assauited was none other than Tom Carlin, the recognized “bully” of all that county, a man of whom all persons were afraid, though all admitted that when sober he was a good citizen. Mr. Reeves did not seem to be at all alarmed, but went about his busi- ness as usual. ning of the third day, while he was alone in bis office, in walked a man witha bruised and bandaged face, who looked very much as though he had been i “Are you Mr. Reeves?" he asked. “Yes, my nat what can Ido for you?” “My name’ Tom Carlin. I'm the fellow you whipped at the tavern the other night and I came in to say that you done right; Iwas @ coward to knock that sick man over and I deserved ali I got,” am very glad that you feel that way about it,” replied ves. “Well, I do, and I'm in earnest. Now, say, I've been a bully just as long as I want’ to be; I want to learn to read. and write and cipher and try to make a man of myself, and 1 want you to help me if you will.” Mr. Reeves expressed not only his willingness, but also the pleasure it would give him to teach Carlin while he remained in Edwardaviile. Every night Carlin was on hand and he was @ tnost apt pupil. Ree however, did not remain long, but soon after he left Carlin married a woman who was quite well educated, and he pursued his studies under her tuition. It was no easy matter for him to break away from the companions with whom he had so long associated, but be had the moral courage to do so, and ‘removed to Greene county. He was the first sheriff of that county, and located its presentcounty seat and donated considerable land for public’ pur- poses, He was twice elected to the state senate, and in 1838 was elected as the sixth governor of the state. It is said he always regarded Reeves as one of his best friends, and, assheriff, senator and governor, frequently consulted him as to private and public os ee —____—. A WORD FOR TRAMPS, © MOST FOREIGN- ers who have visited Japan it is surprising that in the literature concerning that coun- try there is no com- plete description of its highest form of social entertainment, and which, too, in its de tails is perhaps the most esthetic that the world has ever known. In the light of Euro- pean civilization it is difficult to conceive of an entertainment which may be styled a rite, and as such observed with special forms and in particular places, whose purpose is metaphysical and in which student, soldier or statesman seeks contemplation or development of ideas pon any subject, no matter its nature; by which culture, fine manners and purity of life are promoted, and for the enjoyment of which ‘the guest must possess culture of the highest order, familiarity with etiquette, fine conver- sational powers, an appreciation of the bean- tutu, and the accomplishment of arranging flowers, plants charming effects. HOW SUCCESS 18 MEASURED. ‘The guest at a formal tea in the Japanese capital is always sure that the bevernge will be of the finest quality; but the host measures his ration of his tea, bat of certain forms in serving it, without which his entertainment is simply a feast, pleasing in its order and beauty, bat failing in its object because of ite length, ceremonial and-lack of excitement. Japanese historians stete that this social feature wasan importation from China alon; with the tea plant; that it was first practice by old men living in retirement, who went out among the hills, taking with them only the barest necessities, and, selecting a beautiful place, built a pavilion, in which, forgetting the esres of life, they contemplated the exquisite scenery before them. Whatever led to purity of thought, such as the gods, flowers, trees, became a theme of conversation. Generals and other high officials sought in its observance the quiet and concentration of mind necessary for solving’™ successful maneuver. A code for it was written during the thirteenth century by Shirks, a noted scholar and man of refinement; two centuries later it was revised by Hideyasl famous in Japan as a warrior and statesman, since whose time it has remained as then sys- tematized. There are five or mote forms of the formal tea, but that cailed senke is the most popular. The ceremonies differ for sum- mer and winter and vary with the quality of tea used. Of the latter there are two varieties, known as Koi-cha and Usu-cha, the use of the former requiring greater ceremony than that of the lat er case the tea is powdered, ter. In WHERE THE TEA Is GIVES. ‘The tea is given in one room of a house sepa- rate from the residence and specially devoted to the purpose. In cities such house stands on lot bordered bya thick hedge, but in the country it is built on a summit that commands ® beautiful landscape. In both cases the Freunde aro a flower garden of unusual beaaty. ‘he house is built of the finest wood, the roof is shingled and the workmanship throughout of the highest order. The tea chamber meas- ures fourteen by twenty-seven feet; the ceiling is of wood and the walls white or light gray in solor; the matting is of the finest quality and in the center should be an opening for a fire- bowl in winter. A raised platform in one cor- ner is used for flowers and plants in rare pots or vases. Holl picturos, ancient scrolls or other curious manuscript are displayed on pil- lars of sandal wood or ebony. Another corner accommodatesa rare screen, between the leaves of which hang the kama, a kettle of quaint d sign, made ot very thick iron. Beneath it i low stand on which, in white ashes, are live charcoals. The water used is pure and is drawn from a spring set apart for the formal tea. Near at hand isa cabinet of mulberry tirce fect high and containing three shelves, on which are jars of powdered tea, a box of incense anda white feather brush. Beneath is a v fresh water. ‘Two other rooms are required to complete a building so unique in purpose. One is a prot- tily designed reception room and the other an apartment in which the utensils are arranged in order of use. RECEPTION OF THE GUESTS. The tea does not last Jonger than two hours. Invitations are written snd sent by messenger for noon, 4p. m. or 6 a. m., as the host may wish. Whatever the hour, full dress is the cos- tume. The guests on arrival are received in a pavilion in the garden, in a reception room or else in the gallery about the teachamber. A few minutes are spent in conversation, in ad- miring the landscape or the flowers, if in town, They Are Not All Bummers, as Has Been Sup- posed. From Harper's Weekly. ‘The tramp takes many chances of accident in his mode of traveling. He is subject not only to the ordinary risks which all passengers assume, but from the class of trains on which he generally rides, the places he takes on the cars and his poor opportunities of entering and leaving them in safety, to others which the ‘and paintings for the most > Fi - THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, ‘D.C. SATURDAY, MARCH 26, 1892—SIXTEEN PAGES, Pears in the doorway. ahd bowing, seats him- self in front of the tea utensils. guests are also seated according to age and reputation as master of tea ceremonies. Before making the tea the host wipes each vessel with the purple fal of powdered the guests, who, on receiving the cup, place it in the right hand, steady it with the’ left, { Taleo it to. the lips, and into an erect spect ite decorati: while drinking bring the bod. positi tof all His ion. The host is served Tole is difficult to perform, and upon its execu- tion depends his reputation as a master of this formal ceremony. ie tea concludes with a conversazione vory intellectual and refined, the subjects being gest. Philosophy, religion, metaphy similar themes alway: fnterost cultivated ople, who are ever ambitious for further in- t, of the miksdo in his temporal power the customs and manners of Europe have suppianted, in no little degree, that of the native civilization. This foreign oraze has subsided, however, and along with archery and the native polo, the formal tea figures as a notable selection for embodiment in the new culture. It is not probable that the dress, manners and architecture of the ancient codes will be retained in future years; for the Principles of this formal entertainment are readily adapted to foreign ceremonies, a fact which will cause, perhaps, the elimination of the more rigid forms and the survival of the more beautiful ones. HOW TO APPRECIATE JAPANESE THOUGHT. To appreciate properly the spirit of Japanese thought and custom it must be regarded from the oriental point of view. The religions, laws and civilization of the island empire must be understood. To this Mr. Edwin Arnold has contributed greatly in the “Light of Asia,” in which are portrayed the live, character and Philosophy of Gautama, the founder of Bi dhism, and in whose empire of belief Japan i @ conspicuous state. Mr. Arnold say ‘Mote third of mankind owe their moral and deas to thiy illustrious prince, whose thougis imperfectly revealed in the res of information, cannot but appear the highest, genilest, holiest and most beneficent, with one exception, in the history of thought.” ‘ihe other or state religion of Japan is Shin- tuism, which originated in China, and whose tenets area pure materialism, making nature to begin with the “premier principe materiel” of the French. This principle, which a noted orientalist maintains is equivalent to reason, pervaded chaos, and, operating upon itself, was resolved into the dual powers corresponding to mind and matter, an idea that has been com- pared to the masculo-feminine principle in the development of the mundane egg in Egyptian A FRENCH ROAD ON TUE WAY TO MARKET. direct and indirect taxation, hare felt very in- to tske any action which should add fo that already heavy burden. Any effort to Secure co-operation in road improvement must Provide that the cost of such improvement shall not fall entirely upen them. Unless this be made entirely ciear, from the farmers there Will always be aa active and stubborn opposi- “Strange though it may seem, the farmers, as @ rule, take less interest in this matter of road at than any other people. Very few of them are travelers and very few realize how bed the country roads are. ‘hey have never had better than thuse which exist today, ner did their fathers or grandfathers. Con- servative — that they are, they feel that was enough in the olden time is geod enough today. WBOPOSED SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT SUPERVISION. “Ithas been suggested that the American Feads be placed under a system of government supervision and be divided somewhat as the French roads are: “First, national roada. These to be built and nearer ga by the generai government and be with reference to military aud postal irements. state roads, These to be built and Maintainei Dy the several states, and connect fee various localities of the states, and be Planned with reference to the national roads. “Third, county or neighborhood roads. These te be built and maintained by counties and Sitese fart mentioned. “Those who advocate this idea say that if our @ommon roads were improved by some sucl plan as this we should soon have them incbarg of competent and educated engineers The Rational roads would probably be in charge of engineers, the state roads in charge of Stgincers graduated from the agricultural and Bechanieal schools, end the neighborhood Troy eharge of local men, who, once having the example set them of how good roads are built, would be entirely competent to do ‘what is usually necessary to be done in making Peed af lesser importauce. But even under such a8 this exch county should have an engi- to desigu thedificult work, determine Weeation of routes and inspect constrac- and repaira Strange as it may seem, the Proper location of « country highway pre- gent to the engineer more complex problems ‘than the location of @ railroad. Country do not understaud this aud are not wiling ‘pede fog g| Coen yprony store- Keeper and the village biackemith are usually theught to be entirely competent to decide Upon the best route fur s country ruad. ‘THE ECONOMIC AsPECT. “The condition of the common roads bas a wary interesting economic bearing of a direct and au indirect one not less important. matter of the earning ity and e opulence. THE SOCTAL SIDE. “These are a few of the direct economic prob- lems in which the roads are factors. There is another one worthy of mention, of even greater importance. It is hard to put any imoney esti- mate upon the value of an improved social condition; indeed, it is impossible. But our bad roads dave so serious an influence upon country life and the happiness of the men and the women who lead rural lives that in all probability @ purely social aspect of the case is more important than any other. Oni scarcely pick up a newspaper nowadays with- out reading that in farming communities it is most dificult to get competent and trustworthy icultural laborers. When any thoughtful rver sees in the great cities how the families of the men who do what is called laborers’ work are lodged, when hesees them huddled together a great, badly smelling tenement houses, he marvels that they should prefer this to life in the country, where fresh air is free and whole- some food heap; but there can be little doubt that there is 4 preference for this kind of existence in cities, even though it be a fact that work is harder to get there than in the ountry, and not a bit more regular. Not only this the case with laborers, but we find, whens ever we choose to inquire, that the best youths orn of country families early begin to feel a hankering for town life. If they stayed at home to till the soil or fields there would not be tuis scarcity of agricultural laborers which has juss regular passenger oscapes. A great number are annually killed while riding between the ‘express and mail cars or on the br nevent of collision they h: less chance than the of escaping unharmed. ing into a moving box car. ing some boys how proficient he was in himself on the brake beam after started, put his foot under the wi 8 frequency. ‘One should not fall into the popular error of professional “bam- I think that perbapsa majority of those whom I see are men who are going to point in search of work. farmers and ranchmen living in the vicinity of the thinking that all trampsare mers.” some other Many of these are employed by railroads at such times of the year as need assistance and & hel; Thave repeatedly known of tramps seeking work who had worthless time checks in their pockets from previous dishonest, employers. ft would be doing a very grave injustice to these men to class them with ordinary —— But a large proportion never do any work w! it may by any possibility be avoided, ‘The aggregate number of tramps in the it edly seen them in gangs of from six to fitteen those of two or three are met with con- country must be enormous. Ihave rej nually. At remote points on rail freight trains have been repeatedly captui by organized gangs of } FRENCH STOR ROAD. been noted; bat no sooner does an adventure- some youth in the country begin to feel the down upon his cheeks changing into whiskers than he is fired with an ambition to go to some cit} become « member of the great bustle an strife which the close competition of men with men produces. This doesn’t menn that he ts afraid of the bard work that has to be done on the farm, for none but a fool would believe that a man to succeed even moderately does not have to work just as bard in town asin the country, and farmers’ boys are not fools—at least they have not fi of horses and other draught animals ped nt its more work on a i condos one-ird s t i Bett i fir E x E $ Litt Hi t fl i for the great fmalorty of our dint onan fal men have Sruited not cd universities of learning, bat from these very whieh now suffer ‘there are not men enough to cultivate them. A PROJECT BEFOBE CovonEss. seems to be constantly increasing. There are certain from the tramp, and one in would be valuable to us all. The American are, I presume, the most impatient of any rac of people. ond Jeb. ride on the train on whic! lated for tw It be does not succeed in ie 7a, he does the most phi wriktny wane for bias th on thee 18, he p ep two more. If he does not get anything to eat today, he hopes for better luck waite & tomorrow. If the impatient conductor of his train orders, him off he occasionally gets “te beams. infinitely assengers in the coaches In mounting moving cars muny of them are killed. I recently saw one with his upper arm boue broken, the acci- dent having occurred while in the act of climb- Another, in show- seatin, train had 1, and asa ult lost his leg above the knee. Every rail- ron surgeon sees similar accidents with greater or les several employers have told me that they were generally very good hen these men, and the trainmen forced to accommodate the members as the leader directed, It is a sad commentary on onr economical system that the number things that we may learn articular that 8 But the American tramp isa sec- stealin, e has fondly caleu- that beautify the grounds. They are now shown to the tea chamber by the host, the guests entering in order of age, while the host kneels without. Now is the crucial moment for the host, whose wealth and accomplishments may be ssid to be on exhibition. ‘The proverbial pride of our grandmothers in displaying their rarest china is moro than surpassed by that which be feels in the beauty, richness and splendor of his wares, bowls ‘and furniture, is pottery, hanging’ pictures, flowers and vases are examined critically by the te, who, in native fashion, sit during such time on the heels. So thatthe host has virtually in- vited a brilliant company to pass judgment upon his culture and refinement. hanging pictures ate inscribed, if possi- ble. As the characters are those used by the ancient scholars of Japan a classical education is required to understand them. ve of flowers is one of the most characteristics of the Japanese, and rangement of them in the te is studied carefully by the guests, especially with respect to the weather and the light of the room. Their effects in color are exhibited in the most ingenious manner. Transparent bowls are used, some plain and others of the richest hue. They are partially filled with water, on the surface of which float the most exquisite blossoms. They are then eaposed to the sev- eral conditions of light in such positions that the prismatic hues reflected trom the bowls blend with, the rich colors of the flower era Present effects indescribably beautiful. A similar exposure is made with the blossoms be- neath the surface, and with resulting combina- ions that afford still richer hues and more dazzling spectra, PREPARED FOR THE CONTEMPLATIVE STATE. After thie interchange of artistic ideas and the mental refreshment due to the inspection and study of the beautiful the guost's mind is freed from care and prepared for the contet plative stgte suited to the very intellectual con- versation at later hour. The flower exhibit finished guests seat themselves ina semi- circle; the bost proceeds to the door of the room, and bowing smilingly remarks, “The honor of your company is s source of much pleasure. “I'shall now make the fire.” After » abort absence he returns with a basket of char- ry s of tongs, two spiral-shaped for the kettle, » tea bowi, « ladle, a spoon for the i bamboo whisk stirrer and clos ir] leasin: "ihe ar chamber & purple silk for wiping each vessel be- fore use. In preparing the fire beneath the tle provoked, but much more commonly be | kama the charcoal is arranged in aspecial way. eaye’ something to the effect that “he | Teall peri of the formal ton the ‘postions °f he can if he has to,” and acts acco . In| the utensils and the movements of the host are all these anda thousand others he ba} regulated by code. Incense is burned to dispel & development of patience and fortitude we all | the odor of the charcoal. might do well to emulate. stage refreshments are served ina ———--+00-— Condition of the Hebrews Growing Worse, ‘the condi- Hevrews within the pale becomes ‘A St. Petersburg dispatch says that tion of the Hopre and there is much suffert them. enormous death roll 1s oni¢ averted by the of rich Hebrews. At this rettily decorated room apart from the tes Chamber. ‘The dant cape, bowls and other minister of the interior hae directed the + government of the pale to report, as to the | tion ana thea Felines, leeving Lie seo eo Ls = ne | inapeet, his ancient Plstares and rare rien A. L. Rogers, murderer, sentenced to bo | tren cart ct the. daintice sf he may enh. ay hanged today, has been respited to April 18 by | this oud the sweetmeat is wrapped in white Gov. Hogg of Texas. Roper, though Whe hier miny be docoraied i ‘False Kronemy ENTERING THE TEA CHAMBER. eyes ay, Sak stNS| tate soot part ot the forsul ton the geste: the tee chamber and inepect the cosmogony. This idea was entertained among the Hindus also, and the Androgyn of Plato was only another form of this myth. In its higher forms Shintaism may be regarded as a cultured and inteliectual deism, eee LONDON BARMAIDS, Industrious and Respectable Girls Whose Lot is Not Entirely Knviable. From the London Times, Many people, we believe,entertain the notion that the career of a barmaid, on the whole, is a rather sparkling and lightsome one, abounding in sprightly incident, Among non-frequenters of public houses, whose ac- quaintance with the internal administration of these busy establishments is exclusively de- rived from their inner consciousness, the im- pression prevails that the light labors of the ministering damsel who dispenses alcohol to whomsoever is prepared to pay for that inflammatory refreshment are enlivened by cheerful gossip and graceful pleasantries in- terchanged with her employer's male clients; that she is tho object of delicate flattery and sedulous attention; that when she happens to be more than usually comely of face and figure she is continually in receipt of rich and tasteful gifts betokening the high regard in which her charms are held by a host of fervid admirers. To thoso who see her in their mind's eye, by the light of these imagin- ings, it does not appear in the least unlikely that she should eventually bestow her fair hand upon a gay young sprig of fashion or sporting scion of some historic house. On the other hand, from the point of view entertained by the “unco’ guid.” who appear always to think asbadly as may be of their fellow crea- tures, she is “‘a snare for the feet of theunwary.” a bold, bedizzened “daughter of Heth,” an in- corporate temptation to overindulgence in toxicating liquor. Thus, in the fancy of some of those who know nothing about ber, she stands depicted frank and radiant Hebe: in that of others, as a wily and lurid Del: ‘The real barmaid of ordinary commerce had scarcely any characteristic. sive now and then that of good looks, in common with either of these ideal dispensers of liquid refection. As arule sho is an industrious, honest and re- pretable girl, of bumble origin and rudi- mentary education, overworked and under paid, debarred from ali the luxuries and many of the comforts of existence, compelled to eat her rations of coarse food ‘in a hurry and to sleepin a sordid garret, often after having been on her fect, with a few brief intervals of rest, for from fourteen to fifteen hours of the day and night. Asa matter of fact, few young bread earners of the female sex in this ‘coun- try have more laborious or duller time of it, week in, week out, than barmaids. Their work is peculiarly fatiguing. and their hours are exceptionally long. While they aso “on duty”—that is to say, in many cases, from 8 or 9 in the forenoon until midnight—there is always something for them todo, When they are notengaged in serving customers, taking money and giving change, functions calling for the exercise of consider- able dexterity ‘and watchfulness, they are “cleaning up" the ever-recurring liquor stains of the bedabbled counter or keeping up a high polish on the metal and glass ornaments and appointments of the bar. ‘n establishments enjoying local favor, where business is usually brisk from morning until night, barmaids have noleisure whatsoever—no time to indulge in gossip, to listen to compli- ments or even to pay the most cursory atten- tion to the rough and vulgar “chaff” which certain classes of public house haupters and “loafers at the bar" are in the habit of address- ing to the defenseless young women employed to supply them with drink. These girls, more- over, many of whom have been brought up in decent homes by well-conducted and law- abiding parents, are under the daily neces- sity of witnessing scenes of brutal violence, in which men and women alike give the rein to their worst instincts, and of hearing the outbursts of foul language that are too frequently Feomptea by alcoholic ex- citement. ‘Tipplers and dram drinkers of the lower orders seldom give a thought to the feelings of the “girl behind the bar" or place any restraint upon their tree flow of invective in order to spare her offense or annoyance. She, for her part,is bound to put up with their utterances, however abominable, let she should offend her master's customers, thereby incurring his displeasure and exposing herself to the risk of sudden and peremptory dismissal. ‘The Origin of a Gambler's Expression. ‘From the Helena Independent. “There must be a dead Indian under the house.” How many times that has been said across the gambling table in Helena! And yet how few people know the origin of the ex- pression! Its meaning was well known, how- ever, as nobody was heard to use it unless the cards were against him. ‘Still, for all that, a dead Indian, or what was left of him after his dust had mingled with the soil his forefathers owned, lay under one of the gambling houves of Helena, from the time the building was erected until a short time ago. In digging the foundation for the Exchange in the early days of the town an Indian grave wasfound. Rather than disturb the bones the builder concluded to let them rest there. ‘The house went up and for years the cards were shufiled and dealt over the last resting lace of the red mau. The proprietor of the ouse knew he was there, and whenever luck dead Indian under the house.” Twice within the past six mouths the Exchange has closed its aoors for lack of funds or other sufficient causes, When the present owner decided to improve the building he concluded that he would move the Indian, and it was done. REAL ESTATE GosstP. Fine New Buildings for Business and Resie dence Purpeses. BUILDING ACTIVITY ALONG THE UPPER END OF XEW HAMPSHIRE AVENUE—A LARGE apDITIOx ‘TO THE OFFICE FACILITIES OF TRE CITT—OTRER NRW BUILDINGS. ATHER SPARSELY built up is the section of the city through which New Hampshire avenue passes from Q street north to the . The Inck of houses in this locality has been the more noticeable be- cause it lies in the cen- ter ofa rather V4 2% locality. On the east ee kage! there is 14th and 15ch ees and 16th streets with the cross streets lined with buildinga,and on the west side is Connecticut avenue, 19th street and other streets which are well built up. Al- though New Hampshire avenue is paved and isadorned with rows of trees and parking, yet fora number of years past the residence erected by Mr. Walter Paris, just north of 8 street, stood alone, serving asa landmark for that ‘locality. “There have been several explanations given to aceount this apparent neglect, but as is frequently the caso, they fail to explain. However, & change has taken place and before t the present season it is probable tl r of improvements wall be made in that lity. The large apartment house whieh is cated just north of S street is nearing com- pletion and its size makes it rather a conspicu- ous ob; lots on the avenue stated in Tur Star, sons who intend to build. and one or two are now going ap. Piansare being pro pared for sover . Myer Cohen in- tends to bui some residence for his own use on S street just west of New Hamp- shire a It will be three stories in heigh the lower portion bemg built of brown stone an‘ the upper of brick in combin A cir ition with stone. ar bay window will extend to the third ere it will be fuished with an open An attractive feature of the front the stone porch, which will be quite 18, with steps at the «i ™ apacic platfor s into a roomy entrance hall, which will extend back until it widens out into a re- ception hall. From this point a generons plat- form staircase will lead to the upper stories. On the left of the ball will be the parlor and back of this the reception hall, which will be lighted in part by a window looking out into the rear yard. Farther to the rear will be the dining room, with a pantry connected, which leads” into’ the kitchen. The ’ entire first floor will be finished in hard wood and will be equipped, as will in fact the entire house, with ail the modern appliances which contribute to the comforts of home. The two upper floors will be arranged in a convenient and the architect, Mr. Von Nerta, has so planned the interior as’ to utilize in the best manner the advantages afforded by # southern front exposure. OTHER PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. The lot ndjoining the property of Mr. Coben on the east is owned by Mr. Jacob Bool and he has announced his intention of building » house there. On the 0; Boulter intends to build ® house for his own use, while around the corner, on New Hampshire avenue, Mr. Le Roy M. Taylor ix credited with the intention of miting up ahouse. It has been stated that Mr. Louis P. Shoemaker intends to build a resi- dence on the corner of New Hampshire avenue and Riggs street and Mr. William H. Hocke ‘proposes to make a similar im- provementat the 8 street corner. A new house is being erected on New Hampshire avenue just north of K street and one ix being built just north of S street, while around the corner to the easton Sstreet arow of two or three houses is going up. As may be seen there is @ good deal of ding activity in this locality, Which is partly notable because it is rather un- usual in that immediate vicinity. AN AVENUE OFFICE BUILDING. It has not beencommon in recent years to report the erection of large buildings oa Penn- sylvania avenue. Property owners seem to be pretty well satisfied with the improvements as they now stand. However, the interiors of the buildings are constantly ‘being refitted and Adapted for modern purposes, so that after all Pennsylvania avenue keeps up pretty well with the process: ‘There will, however, be @ change made in the course of a few woeks in the property at the northwest corner of the avenue and 6th street that will give a genuine Modern tone to that section of the avenue. The old ding now there, which, by the Way, is rather historic, as it is connected with the careers of distinguished states- men in the past who sought there the refreshment for the cares of state, which o well-kept restaurant is liable to afford, is to be torn down. In its place will rise a stately modern building, the stone and brick combined in attractive design throughout the six stories, 80 as to make it a thing of architectural beauty. Atleast that is the purpose of the architect, Mr. James G. Hill, wuo also has in view pro- Viding suitable otfice rooms for the Atlantic Coast Line Company. Special attention will be paid in tue plan of this building to the wants of this company, for the very good reason that they happen to be owners of the property and ‘intend to supply the money needed for the erection of the building. The entire floor space, however, will not be needed by the company and it is the intention to lease out some of the upper floors, NEW OFFICE BUILDINGS. There are not many oftice buildings in that locality, but it is probable there will be more before the close of the season. The large building of the Central Bank on the corner to the west has been used for this purpose ever since it was remodeled and now the National Capital Investment Company has made ar- Tangements to erect a large office building on Louisiana avenue between 434 and 6th streets. ‘Ihe demand for office room is evidently on the increase, as there will be quite an addition to jodations of this class during the ‘The building at the southeast corner of 6th and F streets is to be remodeled acegriling to plans prepared by W. Bruce Gray. The first two floors of this building arenow used for offices, but the upper floors were especially designed for the use of the Georgetown Law School. This schvol has removed to its new building and the opportunity will be availed of to make such changes in the interior of the building as will better adapt it for office uses, ‘Then the building formeriy occupied by the Carroll Institute on F street near 6th is being remodeled by the new owners and when the alterations are completed it will be available for offices. W. Bruce Gray is preparing designs for handsome six-story office building which Dr. ‘Toner intends to erect on F street between 11th and 12th streets, The front will be built of buff and light stone, and the design us very attrac- tive and will make @ handsome addition to the architecture of that locality. Adjoining this building on the west it is proposed by the Mor- gan estate to put up a handsome building, the upper floors of which will be available for office purposes, Then, at the corner, a fine building is being erected, which has been leased by Mr. G. Warfield Simpson, He will find space to accommodate his large business and, at the same time, be able to offersome portions of the building for rent. The large buildings that are being erected by Mr. McUill on G street near 9th and by the Ghio National Bank at 12th and G streets will also furnish additions to the office facilities of the city. MR. BIEBER'S NEW STORE, A good business building has been erected by Mr. 8. Bieber at 903-909 8th street southeast. 5 ‘MRS. RUTHERFORD'S HOUSE. A handsome house is being built for Mra. James A. Rutherford at 2013 O street. The design, which was made by W. J. Marsh, arcbi- tect, is a pleasing type of bouse architecture, The’ front is of fed brick in combination with Seneca stone, and is enriched by a deep frieze of fluted brick of delicate pattern. “There is a colonial simplicity about thie frieze which does not impair the rather rich and pleasing ect, Above is @ straight cornice of plain continued eeienats aalees with a band of fiuted brick similar in design to that of the frieze, and surmounted with an pin eens. leading to main en- interior iss s ‘that is 21 fest front is « wide entrance he hall soparcice the ball ‘the Toom and there isan through the entire depth i i 5. i conec ant eocstis eal a oewa| ney enet meeseaeme corners one in ; china closet ihe dising saunter ethene rare! = im room * of the finish of the room. On the second | ™™* ren ter freee ts floor are two bed rooms and a bath room, and on the third floor are four bed rooms, ‘TRE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MORTOAORS AND mm ousnaate, —— BABITANTS—-SOW THE WORK i pDIvIDED= Plane have been completed by Mr. W. 33)! seranismrve MEADQUARTERS—wOLES amp hemes PEAS ABOUND—AN ABSTRACTER'S WORE. ‘list streets HE SUNNY SOUTH HAS BECOME aN frat wet bree objective point for northern hunters. It ie ent on the di so extended in geographical scope and pro- materials. The vided with such « variety of climatic attrac open vestibule. tions from the mountain heights to the Ever- Serene Glades that the game is varied. ke, While some distinguished statesmen seek the rafters wit “tarpon,” the wild duck and the quail below rather flat roof, broken by equaint | the historic line of Mason and Dixon, and eye-brow is room ak Gicatie atta =ee others gun for delegates to national conven- tions, my pilgrimage through the southern country was occasioned by a thirst for informa- tion upon the cheerless subject of mortgages, The thirst wasnot alittle, unimportant personal thirst of my own, buts thirst on the part of the census office, predicated upon an ect ef Congress calling for information upoa the im- debtedness of the countrs TRE KIXD OF A RIAD THR MORTOAGE TH. The mortgage is a bir: that is indigenous te every county in the United States and it knows no season. Its plumage changes not with every passing wind that blows, but main- tains a permanent somber hue, entirely in keeping with ti habit which the mortgage has always bad of gnawing away at « farm throngh the stillness of the nigh honest farmer's tired soul slumber, DIFFERENCE #METWEEN WORTOAORN AND INRABTT- ante There is one conspicuous difference between, taking the census of the inhabitants of @ county and a census of its mortgages. In the former case the enun has to inquire inte | the heaith of the inhabitant. to discoter somes thing as to h color and previous condi- tion; to figure a little as to his deficiencies = arms, logs, eyes, dec.; healty: shape of * into staircase ball. The entire width of the : pleasing colonial design With its plain square balusters and oval hanl- rail. There are various litte details in the interior which give an artistic finish to the se, ——___ THE CHEss wortn, The New York-New Orieans Match—Prob- Jems, Games and Notes. ‘The Manhattan Chess Club of New York wou the telegraph team match between New York and New Orleans last Saturday night by a total score of 4 wins, 5draws and i lost game. The contest began at 5 o'clock Saturday afternoon and was brought toa close a little before3 o'clock. Sunday morning. A game between J. W. Baird, M. C. C.,and Frank Dameron, N. 0.C. C. being unfinished was decided a draw by M Techigorin. New York scored her four vic- tories by Lipschutz beating MeCalia, Ri | beating Dixon, Isaacson beating Hamilton and De Visser beating Blanchard. The only victory for New Orleans was gained by Labatt against Simonson. The four remaining pairs drew: Hodges with Manrian, Delmar with Wilcox, Baird with Seguin and Hauham with Moore. PROBLEMS NOS. 101, 102, 103 AND 104 (Tourney Nos. 13, 14, 15, 16.) White to play and mate in two (2) moves in each. ewe dads tt AtQ KKté KKté Q¢ KBS QRS KB7 Q2 QKt7 @we:géit i at@ QRS Qkt KB3 QRS SUNSAAL EES AtQB4.K7 Q2 QBd K3 Qi KB3 Ké QBS QRS @eaatii Atk KES EBS KS * and holds,” and is usually #0 thrifty and long-lived “so have and to that the c vflice assumed that ife mort Sage was recorde! its origin, legality and gen- eral health needed no investigation.) TAKING A MORTOAGE CENSOR. Astaking the census of mortgages fea new seheme, a fow general suggestions as to how to Gosbout it may not bo amisa Like making rabbit stew, there is one snitial requirement. In this instance you need not “first catch your rabbit,” but you must first stake out your claim, or, in other words, pick out your tern- tory ‘to hunt in. Assuming, for illustration, that the state of Alnvama is to be investigated, You first divide the state into districts —the com- Tessional divisions will suffice—each diatrict to allotted to a competentabstracter. Then pic® Out a select coterie of gentlemen to do the work. Another point as to selecting the men—to south—oare should be taken to. sclect versatile gentlemen, whose habits and political opinions table citizens among wlom they are to operate, THE SPECIAL AGENTS. There should be for @ state like Alabama one Doss special agent in charge, one or two assist- ant boss special ageuts and eight common barn- yard special agents, all of whom should be able to read and write and know a real estate mort from habeas corpus proceeding. ‘The special agent should locate in some con- venient central place in the state and establish headquarters. This be ean do at the best botel in the town, he is allowed ubsistence diem of $5.’ With is assistants be unfuris flag, figuratively speaking, at his head- quarters, while the other eight gentlemen die- teibuto themselves around the state, as pre- viously arranged. and establish what might be termed subheadquarters within each of the congressional districts, After performing this act of establishing headquarters (which costs in most places only 10 cents, although in some of the lager towns 15 cents is charged, wit or without bittera) the post office should be visited. Thore will be, or rather should be, found a complete outfit of Dianks apecially printed for that county. 18 may be said at this point that nothing so an- noys.a special agent as to office on his arrival in a town and ind that his blanke have not arrived. He dooxh't lose any money by these delays in the tails, bat, inasmuch ag “idleness begets mischiet,” be may be atKBs KKt GAME No. 48. From the London tournament. SICILIAN DEFENSE. . Biack—Bird. or] ai mere ae Sess ite * ePRERT Bate pessscs Sia} egee EES omuacmenn rote (a) The veteran conducts the defense with his usual eccentricity, hin with a bad “hole” at KS. (b) The te muld not better ill pieces is hot pen hae k to “es Leadquarters” agein at bie about this, Ce) T ve a brave | hotel Agt, Vat there {s no} COL courae this ie os donee tae, isaster in some f If B-K3then | Ine few words, the business of an abstracter Pech, tollowed by Bx or Witte plage Px Black's gatne is hopeless. if KS, Balk ib aed | i# to makes brief abstract or digest of each mortgage recorded on the county records om ® separate slip or blank, giving the amount, number of acres or jots incumber and a few other points, “for which sce stall bills,” as this article is too brief to go inte de- tail. and white wins. GAME No. 49. One of fourteen canes played simultaneous Mr. Techigorin at the New Oricans Chess Crake March 15. Notes (a) to ch) by Mr. Seguin of the Dimes: FRENCH DEFENSE. White—Techivorin. _-Biack—L. L. Labatt, u i PKS 1B QR RK Pot gy igh, | 8 Biko Bream KKt-B3 BS 2 (b) MILLIONS OF MORTGAGED MULES. The first impression that the Alabama ab- Strecter will get may be summed in « word, “mule.” There are probably 6,000,000 mules in that great commonwealth (more or less) and they are all morigaged. There are more dif- ferent kiuds of mules in Alabama than age dreamt of in the philosophy of any man whe a notemule expert. They have mules of all colors. The prevailing specks in southera Alabama is the “‘flea-bitten” mule, which, s to color, resembies the guines hen. After becoming imbued with the importance of the mule the Alabama abstracter bas (®) 5 P-QB3. followed " oper hen he testers ie se iaable if culy Will readily assimilate with those of the hospi-” here, ihe textmowr to fe wot of that state forced pon ble ‘weakening and, ind Tarely available es ack-eyed pens,” * einen: “Stent attach Tile asveloperene Uy | conscientious in the discharge ot his daty he the QB in the Frenc will soon become familiar with the expression, (6) Seeuinaly spec “My flea bitten mule ‘Toby’ and my growing mahal on ee ie at eee crop of peas.” Inasmuch as the census in- 13 B-B4, Ktxkt ch; 14 « vestigation covered ouly real estate mortgages ¢. Best, It, 1 it was important that the abstracter should bought ine ties ot know the difference between “forty acres” andg Barked weakness reat female.” Bat in Alabaune they have euch = . er. to sxieat indiscriminate way cf admixing realty ah I chattels and combining land, oxen, mules and pada but involving s peas in asingle mortgage that it will soon be eS discovered that it is impossible to apportion the amount of the mortgage among the se jects thereof, and it is necessary to treat all mortgages ou both land and chattels as real es the Kaine lively. He.cer- E Ein decanted (a) Evidentis eiter ths castle for white would perhaps be able to cera Site, bya queen's side ai pe * | tate mortgages instea of attempting to divide barrisesd if "(C) And tre bahove she tuors ciate | the amount of tie mortgage se te auch, lena, to bese good.as anything else. (i) PxB was bed, of | and so much mule, dc. ‘Ibe effect of this de- cision, as will be clearly seen, ahd ignore the The tion occurred in actual mule—"the animal without pride of ancestry ewes SEL Btormtantss, Wie adclety | or hope of portent great, difficulty’ it will be ‘bot inte ond in ‘Ab tao alam of Rat KES, Pat strecter mails bis slips to Washington and be Rat Rb? Keat Rent ar Oh sod Karki Witte top ‘NOTES, It is rumored that Judd has Showalter to another match and that the Ken- tuckian has accepted the chailenge. Of course the contest will have to be played (if played at all) after the Showalter-Lipschutz match, which is to take in New York, beginning tive American cham: has been giring a series of | * simultaneous exhibitions in New dur- 50 cents,” “porterage 60 cents,” the item will be cut out, probably as an inferred Upon the superintendent of census. voucher bas been properly audited by census office it is approved by two or three terior Department officials and in the fullness Of time the abstracter gets his money. Nor A LUCRATIVE BUSINESS. The abstracting business is not lucrative be- cause the incidental expenses of appreciable amounts of money. strong amateurs the performance was remark- | Det he busines i rich in experiemcen sez ably good. on the part of the master. We give pecially the county seats thatare “of the above one of the games scored by Mr. L. L. railroad.” Even in - a state of Labatt. Aisbama there are o of county seats Blackmar bas won first prise in the Brooklyn | Yhich are accessible only by “horse power" continuous tournament. conveyance or on foot, and some of the small pec a+ Ce towns are as “way back” asany in Ar daylight by « with ® person be not insane. #2 70" shows ie ieliieanin Oban aeons tribe, | Apropos of prohibition in one Alsbama town secompanied by C. A Scobay of Fort | 5000 the lense x for © sxloon te 93,800 Peck, Mont, has gone to Chieago where | Pos Sher acu’ only” two driating ‘hetses ta be will reesive treatment for catarect| town, and both depend almost entirely over his Redstone had been of great | what they call “jug w'which meane teat fervice tos tribe in pony bee the white and colored a sh appreciation net thee tarvion By and take their “‘jags” bome with them. at his sight can be restored. = sme same cuereen at called tae resco “recorded indebtedness” division. Its work in dah senseewaten aged’ by: Mise George Ie Bilmen, und ft sean He—"T see that some peopie of our set are to | aged lpenthty aah af eomaninaan te -~