Evening Star Newspaper, January 2, 1892, Page 14

14 AROUND CAPE HORN. How the Tip of the Western Hem- isphere Looks. ON TERRA DEL FUEGO. Not So Much a Land of Fire as a Land of Water—through the Straits of Magellan— Bad Weather All the Time—What Mission- aries Are Doing. From the Star's Traveling C Usurwara, Terra vet Freao. camissioner. HOULD YOU EVER FIND YOURSELF s0 desperately hard up for a “new place to visit as to choose this faraway “fire land” be sure to time your arrival in April, May or June, the autumn months of this locality, which, thoagh cold as Greenland’s icy moun- tains, are infinitely preferable to the slightly warmer but much wetter summer time. In fact, there are few lo: on the face of the earth which have jess of summer time thaa this, August and September are the worst months of the year. sure to be attended by ter- tific gales and coaceless storms of sleet and snow. Thongh fogs are rare on the Fucgoan coast the sun shows itself but at rare intervals, the finest weather being what the seamen call “muggy.” ie., overcast and cloudy. That is one reason why, search as you may, scarcely a picture can be found representing any portion Of this archipelago, because there is hardly an honr from year to year clear enough to make a WETS: Megellen asd‘his men ssiled through the straits some three hundred and seventy Years ago they named the country on their left Terra dei Fuego, “land of fire,” on ac- count of the innumerable! httle fires that i my up alialong the cos tat nightfall—for Tndiaus of those days as now kept themselves from freezing by huddling over brush heaps. Had they called the country south po! discovered land, as it is stormiest and most dreaded by mariners. But interest increases with a nearer view of the bigh, bleak cliffs that form the southern prom- ontory, which, towering toa height of 1,500 feet. be distinguished from the decks of Passing vessels tifty miles away. Close by isa “‘{UJER,” TERRA DEL FUEGO. little groap of islands—Hermito, high and rugged: Wallaston, Herschel and Deceit, whose mountains rise in’ sharp peaks from 1,000 to 3,000 feet high, all composed of green stone, in which horacblende, filspar are conspicuous, their lower declivitics thickly clothed with dark forests. It was the Englishman, Drake, I believe. who first sighted the cape, about the nd nearly forty years later, in 1616, navigator, Schouten, named it Hoorn. from his native town in Holland. Near the Christmas tide of 1774 Capt. Cook, while examining these coasts, was forced to seek refuge from the storm-tossed sea in a sheltered spot, which he named “Christmas sound,” and in the month of Octeber of this good year '91 the whieh includes your correspondent, water,” instead, the n more appropriate, for ed with d: ing every declivity forming swamps in at bogs of all the ee-deep moss that ame would hi while tires are maintai is tne bane of the isl Fain or snow, rush: standing in stagnant ry level place. maki ides and keeping the covers the rocks ely cold is the climate that even in summer, according to the «lmanac, people have been lost in the snow and frozen to death a few hundred feet above sea leve HUNDREDS OF SMALE ISLANDS. Seiling down toward Cape Horn ina sonth- westerly course it is diticult to believe that the high, rugged wintry coast is not an un- broken continent insteal of a vast chain of close-lying islands. A nearer view discloses patinu: inlet alter inlet. mtersecting the land in every direction, opening into larger gulis and sounds ~- behind the seaward islan gh Magel- Jan's records show that he snspected some of the inlets might be channels running through to the ocean, he did not explore any of them, ai for many years it supposed that the American continent was termmated by a single greatisland. It remained for later surveys to Prove that there are hundreds of islands, of as any sizes and fantastic shapes, separated from one another by deep and dangerous fords and §. perfect labyrinth of sounds, bights and in- ts. ‘The one large island which the Spano-Portn- ficse vovagers dabled “Land of is now mown as King Charles South Land or Eastern Terra del Fuego; and the boundary line be- tween Argentine possessions and those of the ‘Chileans runs straight down through the mid- die, thus dividing it half and half between those rival powers. There are half a dozen other islands of consi le size, each larger than any of the Philippine group, Cyprus, Crete and most of the We-t Indies; besides in- pumerable smaller ones. some of ‘them being nothing but great rocks lifting their bald heads out of the sea. Allof them are mountains, of more or less magnitude, and evidently a con- tinuation of the great Andean chain, their in- tersecting channels, including the strait itse! being gorges and ravines which the occan has overtowed. ht the mighty Andes—by far the longest chain of mountains on the globe—really terminate at Staaten Land an island lying considerably farther to the Southeast than even Cape Horn. By the way, the celebrated straits do not ran, as most peuple suppose, in an almost direct line east and west between the two oceans. Enter- ing from the Atlantic, a chip first runs more south than west until about half way through the chanuel, when she must head almost at a A TRRRA DEL FUEGAN aqcaw. Fight angle to her former course, and keep that dhrection due northeast until she emerges into the Pacific. Thus, as you seo, the strait forms an angle near the middle, Cape Froward be: the projecting point, the ‘most southerly bit of land om the continent. Below this the Fuegoan Islands stretch 400 miles northwest and southeast between Capes Pillar and Horn, and about 220 miles east and west from the first named cape and that called Experito Santo, while southward it tapers to littie more than 100 miles between the Horn and Staaten Island. ‘Most of the islands rise straight up ont of the water, from 1,000 to 5,000 feet toward the iow- ering sky without any intervening foot hills, covered with eternal snow, for in this far south Jand. as in countries at an equal distance north of the equator, the line of perpetual winter be- gins not far above the sea. It shard to believe the statements of travelers that beyond those forbidding hills there are rich vaileys and greasy plains, lakes, rivers and beautiful scen- ‘ery. in short that “every prospect pleases and only man is vile” in the interior of King Charles’ domain. Strange to say, the farther from the equator one voyages down the western Side of the archipelago the less anow he sees, and finally where the weather ought to be coldest it disappears altogether, giving place ou the heights frouting the ocean to somber forests of greens, or rather ever yellows, the livery of antarctic beeches. This lack of snow where snow is most expected is due to the prevailing western winds, wiich come laden following in his footsteps and those of subse- quent explorers, passed a wretched night roll- ing at anchor in the same spot. The notorious promontory still keeps up its ancient reputation and made us pay the usual tribute to the resistless spirit of the place. When approached the weather-benten eape ti her ike a modest virgin behind @ veil of mist and «pray, while black clouds across the bh accompanied by 1, made it impos sible to stand upon the deck that was constantly washed by sheets of spray. Ice hung upon the Tigging. and huge billows, like moving Alps with deep valieys between, came thundering toward usin an unbroken line; while screaming sea birds swept round and round im narrow- ing as those birds will when a severe gale approaches One moment we were st becalmed in the hollow of the seas; the next we were on their summit, canght by een hands that seemed about to lift the tiny ship in malicious sport and dash it to de- ion Ai as discretion seemed to be ‘ better part of valor, we turned backs on the capricious capé and sought shelter of Ciristmas sound til calmer r. Nobody thought of retiring on that t. though probably it was no worse than hundreds upon hundred@ of 01 agers have experienced im these wat when the mysterions sea, with its dar and snowy crests, yields ‘up its dead ¥ will arise from this locality than er on the face of the earth. Daylight te sound, with icebergs jostling either hand, ail floating out- d the sea. Some days afterward we actually did reach Hoorn Isiand and went ashore, though only for a moment, bravi drenching in the rag- for the satisfuetion of having it to say that our feet had touched the southernmost ds end--the very jumping-off place of ull Lam yet toc much oppressed by the ‘or of it—by a feeling akin to that one experi- @ lucid description of tue scene. My mind retains only # confused impression of bare heights, desolate beyond the power @f imagination to conceive, er voy- sand masses ward tows: hi ences after a nightmare—to give AN INDIAN OF TERRA DEL FUEGO. terminating in awfal precipices, around whose summits sea birds shrieked for prev and at whose feet restless billows dashed with deafen- ing tumult; the whole a detached link of the mighty Andes—the last link, dropped off into an unknown ocean, surging’ toward an undis- covered pole. THE USHUWATA MISstON. We are now at Ushuwaia (pronounced oo- Protestant mission station on the north bank of Beagle channel, which separates King Charles South Land from the southern- most isiands. This celebrated channel—which is, perhaps. better known historically than any other portion of the archipelago, not only from the accounts of Fitzroy and Darwin, but be cause on all pilots’ charts itis marked as the one place of safety which seamen should en- deavor to reach whose ships have been wrecked in rounding the Horn—is only about 100 miles north of the cape, but with many small islands intervening Itisa narrow passage, hardly more than amile across in the widest part, but very deep, running m nearly « straight fine east aud west 120 miles, between maguiti- cent ranges of snow-capped mountains. Its Course is strewn with outlying rocks and islands, makiz igation impossible except for the smallest steam craft and useless for sailing vessels. Besides what doubtful good the missionaries may have accomplished for the souls of the Indians, they have certai saved the lives of many mariners who woald other- wise Lave perished on these stormy coasts, aud it has come to be a matter of course that when- ever a disabled ship must be abandoned in the neighborhood of Hoorn Island, as numbers are every year, the great effort of ‘the survivors is to find their way through the Jabyriuth sounds and inlets to Ushuwaia, Early in 1383 the Rev. Thomas Bridges, then iu charge of the Protestant mission, reported marked change in the character of the inhab itants—-that the Yahgaas, or Indians of this part of Terra del Fuego, instead of murdering unfortunate wayfarers as formerly, might safely be trusted by strangers, either singly or incom- panies, to pilot them to the mission station; and now it is asserted with equal confidence that all the natives from Hoorn leland away ap Breaknock Peninsula are friendly to the whites when fairly treated. The statemeu. may be true, but if looks are an indication of character one would prefer to trust to Providence for piloting and steer cleat of these savages as far as possible THREE TRIBES OF INDIANS. ‘The archipelago is peopled by three distinct tribes of Indians, who speak three entirely different languages. Near the center of tho main tsland there tsa Catholic mission, which also includes the Patagonian district of’ Punta Arenas, under charge of the Jesuit Hermanos de Caridad (brothers of charity) from the order in Santiago de Chile. We ‘Visit the Ne ‘TRE CATROLIC MISSION. station inafew days andcan then tell you more about it, Before the coming of misson- Aries to these islands the natives had no re- Ligion at all nor any ides of a Supreme Being — e with moisture from over the limitless Paci melting the snow as it fala 25 THE ISLASD OF HORY. Seen froma distance there is nothing espe- @ially striking about the Island of Horn or ‘Hoven, whose celelgated cape is nearest to the only adark and gloomy faith irits, which came ‘to do them harm and must bs placated und ap; Hence the wind that nearly froze their naked bodies was believed to bean evil spirit; smallpox, which sometimes makes frightful havoe upon the islands, was the work of another, and white-skinned strangers, #0 different from themselves, were supposed to * THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON. D.C. SATURDAY. JANUARY 2, 1892—SIXTEEN PAGES. be malicious powers in tangible forms which ‘must be exterminated at once. cas e missionaries agree on one poin these Indians never were cannibals, and that they had considerable excuse for tho cruelties they used to perpetrate upon all foreigners who fell into their hands. The conduct of many reckless sailors has been such as to carry out the idea that they were bad spirits disguised in human form, for they thought no more of shooting an Indian child or woman in wanton sport than of killing a snake, Faxxre 3B. Warp. cececaitiacisighaes Ee THE NATION'S ARCHIVES. A Plea for = Documentary History of the ted States, To the Editor of The Evening Star: The immediate annual meeting of the Amer- ican Historical Society, comprising our echiars and students in history, brings into prominence A subject of value and interest to the nation as well as to the individual, and that is the com- pilation and publication of the documentary history of our country. Taking the period of the revolution, for present purposes, as the starting point, it may be safely said that no one can at present form even an approximate idea of the extent and significance of the material (yet unpublished) in existence. These precious relies are scattered throughout the archives of the several states, historical societics, public and private libraries and in the hands of rivato individuals, as well as through the dif- ferent departments of the general government. As far back as the year 1778 the subject was Presented to Congress in the following terms: Pritaperrura, July 11, 1778. The Honorable Henry Laurens, Esq., President of Congress Sim: Viewing Congress as the friends of science as weil as the guardians of our liber- ties, [fatter myself there can be no impro- priety in soliciting their patronage and ssi: ance for a collection of American state pape: which, from its evident utility, they will not deem unworthy of either. The design of it is to furnish materials for a good history of the United States, which may now be very well done, for #0 rapid has been our political progress that we can easily recur to the first step taken on the continent and clearly point out our different advances from persecution to comparative liberty and from thence to independent empire. In this particu- lar we have the advantage of ¢ earth, and gratitude to heaven virtuous fathers, justice to ourselv becoming regard to posterity strongly urge toan improvement of it before time and acc! dent deprive us of the means. Lhe undertaking will appear, at first view, to be too great for an unassisted’ individual, and experience has convinced me that elthough several years’ incessant application las pro- aced an important collection, yet so numer- as are the materials and so much dispersed that a whole life would be insuflicient to com- lete it in the way in which I have hitherto | | een obliged to proceed. I now propose to visit euch state for that purpose, and must r quest of Congress a certiticate of their appro- bation of my design, should they approve of it, and a recommendation to the several govern: | ors and Presidents, grant mo free access to the records of their respective states and permis- sion toextract from them such parts as may fall within the limits of my plan. To enable them to jadge of the nature of the collection ave to inclose the titles of some of the ht it is to consist, which please e m, and believe me_ to Le, sir, your most obedient and very humble servant, Esex'n Hazzann. Mr. Hazzard was referred to a committee consisting of Richard Henry Lee, William Duer und Samuel Adams, who reported that his undertaking was “laudable and deserves the public patronage and encouragement, as being productive of public utility.” This was fol- | lowed by certain resolutions approving of the object and granting such patronage and fa- cilities as Mr. Hazzard desired. Shortly afterward Mr. Hazzard wi ed Postmaster General. ‘Two volumes only were published by him, but what would now be the object of Congress was not attained, inas- much &s not a single document relating to the Tise and progress of the war of the revolution | was published by him. He gave up the work | in consequence of other engagements and no one had ever completed it. ‘The next attempt was in 1833. On March 2 of that year Congress authorized the Secretary of State to contract with Matthew St. Clair Clarke and Peter Force for the publication of a! work entitled “The Documentary History of the American Revolution.” ‘The work ‘was begun while Edward Livingston was Secretary of State, in 1633, and was continued until Mr. Marey’s time, 1353, at which date only nine volumes of two series, 4 and 5, were published. The work was limited to twenty volumes, but was practically abolished, it ix believed, by the failure of Mr. Marcy to examine the material which Mr. Force submitted for a tenth volume. Scholars lave never ceased to deplore the discontinuance of this work, and efforts lh been made from time to time to cause its resumption. ‘The last effort was made in 1853. If then, as has been said, in 1778, under ali these adverse circumstances surrounding that period, the Continental Congress ordered that tobe done which it is now proposed to do, would it be presumptuous for historical schol- ars and the people for their posterity to ask or udent or premature in Congress to under. take it? Many of the records of our country’s eventiul story are moldering or perishing. Beyond a comparatively few reprints of the cor- Tespondence of the meu of that period by pri- vate enterprise, the compilation by several states of records of their soldiers (in two cases only satisfactory ones) and the publications of the | various historical societies and the noteworthy efforts by individual scholars, no turther at- tempt to complete the documentary history of the United States as a whole hus been made. The history of those times, a8 coutemplated by Peter Force, can be divided into several distinct periods, designated by certuin great events: 1. The origin of the several colonies; their charters, bills of rights and the public papers previous to and their condition 1 1763. IL From 1763 to the Ccngress of 1765 at New tg ILL. From 1765 to the Congress of 1774 at Philadelphia, ‘i ‘ IV. From 1774 to the Declaraticn. of Inde- pendence. V. From 1776 to the definitive treaty of ce. VL. From 1788 to 1789, the organization of our government. Tue documents illustrating events pridr to 1774 are mainly in the archives of Great Bri and in the archives of the original state: papers in possexsion of individuals. From 17+4 to 1789 the principal parts ean be supplied from papers already in the possession of the goverument, those in. state archives und from the various sources before referred to. Gratitude to those who in the council and on the field of battle fought for the liberties und gained the blessings we now hould urge us to improve our opportunity “before time and accident deprive us of the means.” A committee of our scholars, sclected and au- thorized by Congress, would make an admir- able starting point, aud the recommendations of such & committee would be of great value in determining the plan and extent of the work. Whether the librarian of Congress, the joint committee on the library or the State Depart- ment. in which department, it is believed, the greater part of the material is stored and is now undergoing admirable restoration aud ar- Tangement tending to preserve the papers practically forever, be cousidered the proper editor or compiler it matteranot. Let it not be delayed. Our country is no longer in its ‘outh; it has reached the age of vigorous man ood ‘and iv in possession of the fruits of Ti. conders Treuton, Valley Forge and York- town. We reat monuments in stone and bronze, i then -_ not Ce story of "76 so well eve bits of paper. In our granite treasur; are piled the “almighty dollar." Suppose they were by some calamity swept away, the indus- try of ‘the people would restore them. Loso these fragments of Baper, the very title deeds of our heritage, and Low shall we meet our fathers and bow shall we answer our sons? While it is not at present the pur; to dis- euse in detai! any measures which may have been already suggested it is of interest in this connection to note the bill for the hall of rec- ords and the bill recently introduced by Sena- tor Proctor to provide for the “collection, cus- tody and arrangement of the records of the ‘an revolution.” By the latter it is pro- Ford to tranator from the State, Treasury and interior Departments the records of the revo- lution and to deposit in the War Depart- ment. there to be properly indorsed and ar- ranged for use. Te itaglued that the object mainly contemplated by this is that branch of the records em! in the army returns of the revolution, co;plete roster of which has never been published. This most desirable aim should by all means be hastened, but it would be a pity that only one branch or chapter of this great work should be considered. That ppotat- VOLUNTEER FIREMEN. Incidents Found in the Records of the Old Union Company. Some Names That Aro Prominent in the His- tory of Washington Found Upon the Roll of Membership and the List of Officers— Changes That Took Place. S HAS BEEN STATED IN PRECEDING articles, some of the fire apparatus in the early days was purchased by the corporation for the protection of the markets. There were three markets, the Center (or Marsh), the West- ernandtheEasternbranch. Theactof January 10, 1903, authorized the mayor to purchase fire engines to be located near the markets, that for the Center Market by May 1, 1804, and the othersas soon as practicable thereafter, and the sum of $800 was appropriated for the three. Appropriation was also made for the purchase of ladders und fire hooks. ‘The files of the Intelligencer show that a meet- ing was held in the Western Market Augast 11, 1804, to form a fire company, at which Joseph Stretch presided, Thomas Gillis acted as secre- tary, and they, with Capt. John Woodside, who Superintended the public buildings, were ap- Pointed to make rules and regulations. THE FIRST WARD COMPANY. That a company existed with headquarters at the Western Market is a known fact, but what name other than the Union is not known, save that in the thirties it wae known a@ tho First Ward Company, and that it numbered. on its active list numbers of the leading citizens of the West End, as well as some of the leadi men of the day, whose names shone bright in the annals of the army, navy and in the depart- nts. ‘The record books of the Union, now in the hands of the secretary of the Veteran Volun- eer Firemen’s Association, starts out with the constitution adopted April 13, 1837. This pro- vided for first and second divisions—engineers in charge of engine and buckets, and hosemen of suction and hose. SOME OF THE MEMBERS, The name of Rey. French 8. Evans, « well- known “Methodist minister and government clerk and subsequently an alderman, heads the iat as president and follows the signatures of Edmund Hanley, Dr.Flodorarto Howard, Sam- uel Stott, Dr. B. Magruder, Joun D, Bar- it w Fred Schneider, August Sciineider, J. O. Degges and George Kraft. ‘Lhis-constisution was signed by forty-eight on the night it was adopted and’ at the following meeting Charles Calvert, D.S. Harkness, Peter Carrico and Rob- ert Earl signed it. Among others who subsequently joined the company were Wm, Wilson, Join it, Magner, Vivans, John D. Wilson, John B. Harrison, ijah Dyer, A. Favier, John Coburn, Samuel } Redfern, Samuel William, John Nourse, N. A. | andall, Thomas P. Morgan, James W. Barker, Potter, L. | es, George L Al Dott, A. 'T. Cavis, Churies A. Davis, J. Laub, Samuel E. Douglas. Among the hono: Gadsby, Thomas M Andrew Balmain, Francis Murkoe, lacomb, Commodore Warrington, Col. Bomford and Col. SOME INTERESTING INCIDENTS. In the minutes of April 25 the company was presented with $50 for extinguishing a fire at Capt. Ramsey's residence. Note is made of the reference of differences between certain mem- bers to the standing committee and subsequent reports of amicable adjustineat are recorded. Dr. Wm. B. Magruder, aiterward mayor, ap: pears to have been an active captain of engine, y his reports ay to the condition ratus, absentees, &c. Geo. W. Hark ptain of the hose division, appears equally active. On July 10 Dr. Magruder, E. Coolidge and G. W. Harkness were wppointeda committee toact with delegates, from other companies on ar- ranging for a firemen’s procession on October following, and at the October meeting they r ported the order of the procession as follow: Columbia, Anacostia, Franklin, Perseverance, Western, Star, Vigilant and Union. Atthe November meeting @ committee was appointed to ascertain the number and posi- tion of pumps, hydrants and ponds in the first may be available m case of fire and what measures are necessury for un increased supply of water. In whet section can the canal water be used? Cay the War Department reaer- voir be used for the seven buiidings? Is the run north of the six buildings available? Ita distance from the six and seven buildings, and can the brick kiln ponds at the termination of H street afford « good supply? &e. A FIRE DEPARTMENT SUGGESTED. On December 18, 1837, Messra. C. N. Hagner, W. B. Magruder, F. Howard, E. Hanley and J. D. Barclay were elected delegates to n conven- tion to be held at the hall of Franklin Fire Company to form a fire department. On Jan- y 4, 1838, the following officers were elected: Freneh 8. “Evans, presiden resident; Chas. Calvert, secretary; Degges, Assistant secreta tot, urer; S. Drury, captain of engineers; P. flow ard, captain of hose; A. Hoover, ‘Thos. ‘Smith and Wm. Wilson, Nos. 1. 2 and 3, engine divis- ion; L. Williams, John Wilson and James Kelly, Nos. 1, 2 and 3, hose division. The arrival of new apparatus (placed at their disposal by the War and Navy Departments) is noted at this meeting, and arrangements were made for receiving # banner to be presented by the ladies onthe 6th instant made. On February 13 Rev. £. 8. Evaus resigned the presidency, and a resolution of thanks for his services and declaring him an hono: ber was adopted. Mr. Hanley was elected presi- dent and Dr. Magruder vice president. On April 10 a revised constitution was adopted providing for axmen and ladder men, the engine division, &c. THE OLD UNIFORM. At the meeting in June, 1838,"appearsan entry of a resolution appropriating $1.25 to pay for a shovel lost at a fire, which is explain- able by the desire of the company to act honestly. In October following the use of the old engine was offered the Perseverance Com; pany, und arrangements were made for a trip to Baltimore as guests of the Mechanical Fire Company in October aud uniform coats, hate and belts were and back, with blue at the sides, the name over clasped hands with di “In Union There is Strength” in semicircle, and at the bottom “1836." “The cape was of den| Schneider, C: memb: tion. cal spreud eagle in gilt, with the word “Union over it and the name of division below it. ‘At the January meeting, 1839, Capt. Hanley was elected president, Dr. Wm. B, Magruder vice president, Messrs. Calvert, Degges and Stott vecretary, assistant secretary aud treas urer respectively, and votes of thanks to them were adopted. Hesa n : ing to a firemen’s procession in the spring. A resolution was adopted that the fines and one- fourth of the dues of honorary members be get apart for the relief of disabled, members, &c. A resolution was adopted requesting the Soc- retary of me Navy to —— oa toward defraying the expenses of keeping up ratus as the War Department had done PP” AGAINST USING SPINITS AT FIRES. At the meeting of March 12, 1839, a resolu- tion was adopted deprecating the practice of using ardent spirits at fires and declaring that thereafter the company would not accopt invita- tions to partake of such refreshments, The vote was by yeas and nays and all (seventy) voted in the affirmative. At the next meeting the resolution was ordered to be published in the daily papers. A committee was also ap- inted to solicit contributions of books for a library. Ou May 14 8 rotolution from the Ber. severance Fire Company for the appointment of delegates to “draft regulations for the mains tenance of between the members of difs ferent companies” was referred to a select com- mittee and subsequently resolutions approving the same yere adopted aud delegates wero ap- Bibrelay, presents & Ii. Waring sceretsesy % lent; B. H. Waring, snd Samuol Stott, treasurer. "At the Septet’ ber meeting it was noted that the convention forma fire department had not effected the object. Atthe meeting in October the dele- Mr. Proctor's motion isthe first step toward the great end, namely, the publication of all the records and decuments,is my earnest hope. Better still, the hall of records as as general Place of deposit for historical documents and the source to which the historian ean apply for authentic information with certain hope of suc- M.A. Muovtacat Wednouday in’ Aprik a850t wee heat the first in was fixe forthe firemon's procession. ' At th in February, 1840, » committee was appoint to invite the Mochanical Fire Company of timore to participate @ procession. ~ sequent proceedings show that tho draw the apparatus were furni stables of ‘THE NORTHERN LIBERTIES COMPANY. ' An account is given of the faneral of Lowis|| « Chism in May, 1840, and « communication was Be ae received from John ¥. Bryant for citizens liv- orth of G streetorganizin Northern Liberties) asking the temporary) Joan of such appara referred. engine was tendered a committee re) resenting the citizens of the isian 2 George L. Abbott offered a resolution, which was adopted, looking to a course of lectures be- ing delivered before the company and the lec- fares of Mr. Caleb Cushing aro noted. In February, i812, Mr. THE FIRST WARD ENGINE. | sie, noted... In February. president. an address by Mr. Barclay the resignation was laid on the port of exch member maintaining the respectability of the compa was adopted unanimonsly, fifty-four ‘bein, Present. To this request Mr. Hanley acceded = At the March meting, on motion of Mr. Davis, at each monthly meeting a pledge to abstain from the use of all intoxicating drinks was ordered to be read and a book be kept for signatures. At the April meeting it was re- ported that at w meeting of the presidents of the different fire companies with the chairman of the House committee on public buildings a| request for the appropriation of- $200 for each | company had been made, with a suggestion of a ape companies, to be remitted on be. members. On February 21, 1843. proceedings | onthe death of the the next meeting, AL elected prosident and Rev. Charles A. Davis vice president, January, 1844, states Dr and Mr. ¢lining, Mr. George \ in his place. mously elected secretary, with W. H. Perkins | Obstruction to the view and from which not a assistant. At the next annual meeting, 1845, | the same officers were tion that Mr. 8. E. Doug! r. Perkins—assist secre! fe fi meetings were not held freee: Fenty re. cr | shortest poseible moans of defining the charac- October. rt elected president, Messrs. Calver; Doug! aud treasurer, captain of engine aud James Kelly captain of hose. In 1847 there appears to have been a falling | off in attendance on meetings, and several | times Ge want of a quorum caused adjourn- | thrown on the blood ment. ‘This partially, by the fact thata number of mem-|thateven the humaneye can detect nothing bers had enlisted in the company of Capt. | Degges in | meetin, lution ball for the benefit of the Washington national for purposes of monument aud at the February meeti curred in a resolution of the for enforcement of the militia law. ratus w a8 regards trials of si ! lutions were adopted asking the officers to re- | further, from the «cene of blood. Suddenl: sigh, and this having been comp November elected seeretay the following officers were elected Douglass, president; J. L. Cathe Wn. Brunner, se the Perse Washington Hose Compa Uniform of black pants, white sh jacket and tront w in citizen's of votes of : shows that tucir services were appreciated. A run, with Lis tatl in the air and with his head ‘The prompt expu disorderiy couduct at firesul: frequency of 8 were Jobn | for failing [to maint estion the use of the ball meetings, and when the trustees of schools in December, i8i¥, asked the use of the hall it was unanimous! Among tho vive are F ernment printing Morgan and Jou THE FARMERS’ In the United States It is Better Than in UPoH his back. bearings, is by no means disheartening to center, and these bellow and paw the ground farmers. The depression from low prices, which intensified tent and variety is mainly over for the present. Generally the through the same performance. farmer is prosperous, though he certainly fails to secure Lis full share in the rewards of his % productive labor. sideration in such remelial measures for his ularly malevolent spirit, and their acti protection as may be possible under our form | pear prompted almost by human understand- of government. In analysis of material coming before the | writer, there have been omitted, almost en- sive, enterprising and influen class, presenting as the most serious grievance the absence of effort te tind remedies for ex- isting ills in. practi management, in co- distri been expr this problem of rural reform has been omitted. | fwo quotations will indicate the view: sented, both from the southe: west of the Mississippi, as follow | ‘A sonewhat extended experience in prac- tical agriculture of the s' tunitios for observation lead me to. assert that farming, lowed, offers as good inducements tor the cap- ital, Livor and skill expended as does any other | ing in the state. ‘The other from the Atlantic coast: | No real practical efforts are made for relief. All the complaii posed are polit: absurd, and most of the We need smaller farms, knowledge and less gruml done on smail tracts highly fertilized should be brought home to the people, 6o that the in- experienced may imitate, even before they | know the reason why. ‘The farmers of the United Stat better conditions for progress in their art—a high standard of living, advance in personal culture and soil improvement, and independence—than those of any other coun- ble sharing in the results of productive abor and a full exercise of the rights of citi- | zenship have been aroused. uetion for political recognition, economic education, for co-operation and self- help and for increase of practical skill and pe- jered. The hat had red front | leuniar. be highly beneficial to the farmers of the | From Judge. ision beneath; on back, | United States. vermillion red, gilt border, shaded with biack, | From the Epoch. “You say your present boss treata you better than Mr. Smith did?” “Yis, surr, and oftener.” lutions were adopted look- | From Puck. A CATTLE FUNERAL. ing @ fire company EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL. One of the Strangest Sights That Are te Be ‘Witnessed on the Range. From the San Francisco Chronicle. A cattle funeral may seem an odd thing to write about, but it is ten times more odd to witness If the observer happen to be on foot in the vicinity of the scéne of the ceremonies, however, he is apt to find it anything but odd, unless there be a tree or some other place of refuge convenient or the curious onlooker be unusually fleet of foot. But doubtless the average reader does not know what a cattle funeral is like, and perhaps is not inclined to give credit to the possible ex- istence of such a thing. If he has never lived in a locality where cattle of a more or less un- tamed disposition are wont to range he will certainly never have had an oppcrtunity to learn by observation any of the peculiar and notable facts connected with this remarkable phenomenon of the range. A cattle funeral then, be it known, is nothing more nor less than exactly what the words scem to indicate—a ceremony of mourning over the untimely fate of a departed herdmate, in which every individual member of the band that is within long-range ear or nose shot is | bound to participate, In detai! this ceremony | consists of a sort of walk-around, accompanied | with tie most doleful, ear-ptercing wid heart | rending moans, shricks and bellowings, and | varied by ierous pawings in the ground aud the most singularly dexterous flinging of the resultant dust upon the backs of the four- footed mourners. To observe or participate in a cattle funeral let the curious minded go out upon the range, select some spot which is open and affords no tus as may be spared an‘ In October, 1840, the use oe the old ‘On December $ Mr and Mr. Abbott Hanley After table and letter pledging the sup- ‘in enforcing the laws a A PLEDGE NOT TO DRINK. taxon the residents to support the ming activ president are recorded, audat ch 14, Dr. Magruder was the report of the secretary in the active membership lagruder was re-elected president | vice president, but the laiter de- Harkness was elected Mr. Charles rt was unani- ritter" is in sight. Just here, for the benefit ested with the of the uninformed or the superscusitive ear, eee toed ee eZe°P | fot it be explained that the word is by ‘year Common consent uxed on. the ranges as the or | ter of an anima! which walks on four legs by ne, | COntzadistinetion fromalberseoracalf. i a . javing selected such a spot, one of the Gengine scenes aforementioned “critters” be brought quictly : | and secretly from a distance, and without un. | due ostentation, as becomes poachers upon | another man’s range, let him be done to death. | Let the offal be secreted where even the coyotes cannot find it, and let the hide and flesh be arried carefully away. Then earth be ‘ins to hide all traces of condition is explained. at least disturbance, and let all this be done so well On February 10, 1846, Dr. Magr George TM Samuel EFFECT OF THE MEXICAN WAR. that would reveal what had been done. the Mexican war. At the January! ‘Then let twenty-four hours, or even less, g of 1848 the Union concurred in a reso- | Pats, unlest, indeed, there be cattle within a | of the Perseverance to get up a firemen’s | mile or less at the time of the slaughter. But | illustration suppose that con- | twenty-four hours have clapsed. in asking | ‘Tien suppose a bunch of 100 or 200 head of he appa- | cattle come drifting down over the range to “from experience ata late | leeward of the spot where the slaughter of the day previous occurred ‘The leader of the bunch may be two or three miles, perh jum: ength.” In August reso- withat the Commences to show signs uneasine meeting Mr. S. Douglass | Though the grass be decp and luxuriant be key G (CoLemBIAN The Hon. WILLIAM E missioner of Patent ) JOLUMBIA COLLEGI Cc O23 Law Quickest preparatic MBS, MANS’s KIND 7 prin sessions becins FE BRI 1918 Supderiand ) M7®: YE8Soy semixanr, 1200 and 1104 M st. DP SCHOOL. dat BOARDING AND PAY scKoo} LD tok FOR TouNe 21224 and 1225 11th st. Seventeenth year began TUESDAY, October 6. Thorough instruction in all departments in accond- ‘ance with best modera methods. Especial advantages in Eng ish Literature, History, Modern Languages and Music. Every appliance for health and comfort of pupils. For ctreulars apply to the Principal, a3i-tr including ample exercise grounds, steam heat, pee Senger elevator and perfect sanitation, Mrs. ELIZABETH J. SOMERS. wee FOL joved their institute where they have larger aud better sec UARANTEE 3 aries de MoE “a50-im ame mm Sys rai ‘gener tem of Technic. W190 st. EOF COMM opposite city ©. K. UKNER se, $10. phowow nous by’ couipetent readers se wal oF for anv hh aion the p apecteroed to 86. Thoreu Private lessons, Moderate prices. “Send tur catalos ue. macticul tae desrons, €16. 1 ¥; satisfactory YNOLDS, “Artist, 6 F ey Oe = NIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL. Mr.. Culvert only feeds a ew moments continuously, lifting meeting, 1849, | Bis hexd and tossing Lis horns as if an’ enemy were near Suddenly there ie a strong. puff of Wind, and as the nostrils of the leader inhale the wir transformation occurs like u flash of lightning. He lults, throws his muzzle into ited an invitation of | the air and then emits a most unearthly, pro- to assist in th cort of the longed, weird, mo shriek or beliow It Ivan. A it like ‘none of the various noises made upon | t, buff round other occasi bat has atone that is ail ite sie cap) with ‘word Uuson ou ownani wich 1s evidently well understood by * ; company appeared | the entire herd. Pees He Bede rie reeences | Witla iotiier mila wielices bolas eer ks for reiresliments at firce |@ nile, add even further, the leader breaks into president At the and ta . Harkness, erance e : viduals ter shaking angrily from side to side, followed by Lee aoc anil all Cae eanevees ox theta ned oom adding to ines the volume of sound that now fills the air. As er animals feeding quietly at a distance hear ‘¢ peculiar sounds they, too, prick up their ation of the public schous ears; then, with ing shricks, they gallop fendered for Wildly toward the excited baud aid join at in pursait of the leader. That animal quickly arrives at the tell-tale spot. He suufts at the ground, meanwhile | § lashing his sides with his tail and bello continually in a manner that suggests the height of rage. His cyes flash wildly, the froth drops trom his jaws and flecks his ‘neck and body. He paws te ground angrily with his hoofs and by dexterous twisting manages to | | cast great masses of the earth into the air and During the a granted. of the old members who sur- dehueider, A. T. Cavis of the gov- fice, J.W. Barker, Maj. 1. P. Liarrivon. con DITION. ‘The others come racing up and crowd closely | about the spot where their mate was slain. An .,_ | innet circis is formed by the excited animals, view of the subject, in all its | with their heads all pointing to a common any Other Country. and race around and around until exhausted. Meanwhile the others are circling rapidly about the central cluster, and finally displace | the earlier arrivals, whereupon they, too, go nd Drought to light the ex- of discouragements realized, The scene is aterriticons. Hornsare clashed inst horns, the bellowing of the angry an- i is deate the d wit! He is entitled to fair con- | imals is deafening, the air is filled with d method E and Miss AVA TOWNSEND, Cc. L. NEVINS, oF 1. free, open throut V + Coaches frum Capitol I Add 9 ia’ r ory of . OKAT ‘and Voice future, S_ PHANCES. M rench Private Day Q RENAL = ScHooL BAKE, B. Ww. Spectal al RY, DEAMATI: EDWAKD ), Te TARIIN'S y Sel . Farinan pro oF AD AC LOWASEN 3 4 DEAF 1 J apd northwest SCHMITT daly’ for diMneTS, Feceptious, &e., 1uruislied to Order, y winners as weil ae U aps. m* Teac GUITAR, MA. mm" A New an and MADAME 2 CAGES, LARD (OF LL her of ML ab lard’s uryeita, ACADEMIE) Wee) SCHOOL, ¥ etree N. SPANISH and ITALIA the indorsed by tie ieading etc PUPIL OF EMIL DEMS VOICE Support of tone by alii Tw. a ‘Even develop wich toles of tbe nals Seieutific treaisse Ca voice sent ob structor at Norwood Insitute. Ub Saturdays at 9 DON), ‘CULTURE. lominal 1: ress in Tot the teiaie TASMINGION FEM. ALE SED + day and boarding schoo: assistants. t SAUAKT, P For —— OUT OF WASHINGTON. OCK BILL COLLEGE, ELLICOTT CITY. Moanin ain! day echo! tos ecG-4m* LADIES: TATLOR ie of Henry Creed of Lon. Redtern of London and New York AND MABOT > teat ren weet. by Mien EDIT A : ister, Mine. Ladton’ Tailor EVENING Dis SSES A RPECIALTY. uD ST. NW R, LATE OF & b ee M STEVENS & TTONS TOORDER TO MATCH MATT 10 (sia. at, tans, ih shar smh, BUTTONS TO ORDER, frst clase in every . PINKING, dat a fair prc ow "LENS, 9080 9 wt and Ladies’ Tasior, 107 Ft om, corns and G ste. sing Asp Parry Dursses CLEANED. DELICATE FABRIC. XACES OF ALL KINDS FINISHED ——DEMI NEUF. AF. SX 3 (00 ror nok SxNoo 0 "G7 Ha EXE BO FT hue Xe ‘oo’ Ff 41-18 G STREET NORTHWEST. Ali THE LaTesT 4A Socket patterns CONNTNG Maa, Soe mealmbunh gra STYE a <nw. O. iw dyed abd altered ito latest D. TAVLELLE, fe oF Ulo 14th DRY CLEANING, SooURING, ANTON FISCHER, 96 G ST. N.W. ‘Dresses dyed a Mourning Black my fal! epectalty. 5 cee ruti « AND VELVEDS, AKOLINE LECH, tormery with st Arlee, Paris yy PIANOS AND ORGAN AT OPPOKIUNITY. T Discousy orcas a made by Estey, Mason aud Mamta, &c-. BAN es & STAYMAN, tea Fat « MIAN S— THE STAN orld. Bon 9 aud Ud sth wt, INSTRE- WoRCH & ed ated HVANG Satetcieal 0 bridal bd Curietinae presets 1T W fee FFP pee [.. . 2 Hore ge ig i kee & > Jal Faris Exposition i Prange taken st exchence. Lagony AL take tae piace of a. ner . r r beasts seem actuated erch by some parti ap- | ing. UF. PEUBL, Sc Astrologer, cists horos-opes, Charts of Your lite, gives aio spiritual treatments, Also teaches abiroloxy. NTIFIC A. ‘Ottice 4135 SPURITUAL kives astro oxical Woe to the unfortunate curiosity seeker who chances to be abroaa on foot upon such an oc- casion. If he have any “cattle sense” at all he will put as wide a space as possiblo between himself aua the mourners, or if be be desirous of studying the spectacle he will climb the nearest tree or seck some other point of vant- age inaccessible to the maddened beast. If, on the other hand, he should be so lack- ing in common sense as to be unable to recoz- nize the apparent signs of danger and should approack: too closely to the angry herd, h awakening to the peril will be sharp and su den. Some angry beas. wtll catch a glimpse of him and, recognizing in him the responsi- Vility for the shedding of blood, will lower hi head and with a snort of defiance make a wild | charge for the object of bovine wrath. If that object escape with his life he will indeed be the views of many of the most progres- tial of the rural 1 improvement in farm »peration to control the ution of their products. Regrets have sed that the personal equation in te and good oppor- industriously and intelligently fol- tional 1438 ** Ww KINDERGAL’ MODEL KINDEKGAI Neath Mrs. Louise Pollock, 1017 10th st., Suis Stisan P. Poliocks 1494 @ ste Principals. Aconstant demand io Apply. chtidren. euces wany of the dip JULIA k LC. 120; LOUISE POLLOC ndergarten Manua:, Song books, &c. FORMERLY 1223 151. bis Shisves Kerr's Day School for young ladies and 452m Sraduates, + 10th st. aw. 5 AND SCHOOLS, Author of Ne ate strane | PULNAM, selon KING AN EXPERIENCE of tue wish laneuawe, giving ter a es, ky vy fe Mae fortunate. Even a horseman has been known to have had anything but a pleasant half hour from an encounter with a funeral party of this character. < ‘The news of the death of a comrade scems to spread with the rapidity of the telegraph, and fresh relays of mourners constantly arrive, keeping up the strange spectacle for hours at atime, nor ceasing until the shades of night s made and all remedies pro- Many of the former are tter will prove futile. ore work, more 1g Whatcan be | yo. WIRE ad othe cient teachers of sborthund tm this country. Lours: Monday, Weduesday and Friday, 1° and 7 toS pan." Terms, jo per mouth. "App, He PP ‘De tol pan. a Shank shah SCHOOL, 1811 T ST. » he. ELECT A teoroush suid progressive school for both sexes Of ay grade, iNCLUGLE COlLee preparatory work. W. SIDWELL. Principal. descend. nally the scene of bloodshed will be red by some wandering “critter” who has that portion of the range to himself tem- porarily. There may be no other cattle within two or three miles, yet the lone _moarner wiil commence the procedure already described. and within a quarter or half an hour he will have been joined by others, while inside of an hour there will be a dense mass of excited eat- tle on the spot, and from the range in direction others wil *altogeth: ttle faneral is f the Altogether a cattle fune: one of ith wisdom 10 | Jiest and most interesting sights tbatean be witnessed—by a man up a tree. ——_~e-— Too Rapid. jive under | uniary Aspirations for higher improvement, profit, the resnlt of this crusade wil ‘What do you think of my poem?" “It's good; but the action seems to bo a little rapid TWell it's the last poem I shall ever write—" “My dear boy allow me to congrata—" | uotO% a Failrond train going forty miles an our. ———_-+e+_____ A Considerato E:nployer. A VALID EXCUSE. ‘VODs COMMERC 407 E. Capitol st W (AL COLLEGE, kives a thorough ctical business education on easy terms. Day and evening: Sessious. A Tuli cor] 0. competent instructors, Cole Tela branches, suortuaud and tyyewriung. Sead E molGr anu 17 Est. n.w.—Two hundred studeuts in reu- Jar attendance. “Shorthand, typewrtans, bookkecp- Pabish, civil service train. Every depaccusent ‘Thue calved a dusting us ‘tricity abed specials. (use JamoUs shorthand and (ype. peel Classes, Phenouenal advancement of Dbostuaud and ty pewriting, three iwoutlus, $10. Fu Laid Lovkkeevity busities peac- hours’ dictauon a day. U hess course, uicludinig fice, arithautts pebmansuip, Be. sedate, 206-1y imciadins sax Fee months, 810. ‘PRE BERLITz Norwoop Iss 1407 MABSA Kew clesecs torased for Ay Dear dir. Cabelt: choi. MNRACHUSETTS AVE. 28s SUSAN ANDREWS RICE: ‘Also musical history ‘and 2218 'D BOARDING SCHOOL. tn ‘success uly und census «1 Mie en a are BE ‘civil service, SCHOOL OF LANGUAGES, paren Ft 9 (Bend tor an ware poll lat. Jou Warmly on your great success in Moo tat Eo os UNEQUALED IN IONE, TOUCH, WORKMANSHIP AND DUKABILITY Special attention of “*Purchasers” is invited to their ste Style,” Duished in desyns of HIGH pe COKATIVE AX vent Taos country Jow ncubes. . 4 prices and tn terum, MONTHLY ANDTALLMENTS wi a bes seb Will Le arr Nabi & CO. is Market Space. MEDICAL, &c. ) AND BE WISE. —DE. BROTHERS, 900 B x Wa as I Bruin wake ey unre ree at aby hy ar Of the day ieion ue by I. PROTHEES. SAMUEL conn Sule rilsed aaa iLL, @ nutery PULL aM and 1uF tue District of Colunitia, ae tu this chi day of July, 150 B RADICTED THAT T" HAS EVER Bi Dr. BROTHERS isthe oldest established advertin: phy stew aa br. b Porty <2 jeais experien ANOUD RESTORED BY USING A BOTTLE OR two of Dr. BKOTHLS inviorating cordial re aby case of bervous delality. YUU Bat. 6. XM form of indices. ich a result of TO “Disree 1. you suffer from dsp in or any tien of From datiy‘coustiyation, wht iysyepmiacite CAUSES amd i. Teile what Sood towat una what to avoid, sind fea work of eres Value to every Gyspeptic. Mailed Aree to any address. JOHN H. McALVIN, Lowell, Mas, Fourteen years city treasurer and tax coliector, a12-lawist |ARSTON’S TREATMENT FOR THE CURE Deri cansood, iduay and. Wiasder diecamem, athout stomach tediciues. No tail” Cures aneced. Sealed treating tree, LUN CU., LY Para place, New Lork 1st G st B. Se anassaxe a spe Gaalty.. | Leiers to many of tue mow promuuent iediesal Wasnington. Ladies, 9 tol. Genteanen trom 2 th Bolt -uu 1D YEARS OF SUFFERING BY CONSULT- Yalbe: Ga be Nueet, bu rcs Ath se, Piles. tia Tue ony Geruan-Amercan sueculiet iu toe Phitet nites wiio a able to cure uu elects of madiacre™ sof butt ween, Tye LoBD, aay KX. ‘ST., PHILADELPHIA, Ta, 2wenty years: exyerieiioe, | peud te book eeaied) comtaiiby ruil paruculare for 1Uaik OU! feeorcdane. Hour vio sot vevenine os I PROFESSIONAL a acetic aid ihmssuue treatanes.ts given. Jier at her partors,Uos New bora a aS i a HALL, THE CELEBLATED CLAIR- or ot torn wit ead, bas w bealing power. wiv fees anid Ly categ. Duwi fast te we thie ind Hoo 10. 010 F st. nw aie Oe LS. HETTIE CLARK OF BOSTON, THE WELL- N Vuriness and test mediiu, also medical Eairyopent. daily trom 10 to o; also Tuceday and F: Say. 740 Y p.m. “Otlice 1237 Nana. ave. KOF. CLAY 16 JHE OLDEST ESTALLISHED advertisina Ciairvoysnt, astrologer aud wed. an. thie"citj, Hes ‘wonsetiul’ prophets ut of second Belt.” Reveals Iacden mys ‘recovers lost of sole property. operated Sheedy Auatriages, «iver Success ‘New lurk. ausi. 2O ADVERIIne ADL GhING ANA to GRO. # ise ox ©