Evening Star Newspaper, December 19, 1891, Page 12

abont holiness, religion or devotion, he sav- IN A WONDERFUL CITY! Ssiecteteg 229s sets Bi | and pulled him off the house. A small Hindoo boy, who was, perhaps. as intent upon getting the plunder as the animal itself, joined in the battle. For about a minute it was a terrible | confusion of Brahman, monkeys and the boy. | In a few seconds two more monkeys, answering | to the howis and screams of their companion, joined in the fight. One monkey was endeay- oring to gnaw off the left ear of the Braman, while be in turn was thrashing one of the ani- BY THE RIVER GANGES. | his on the ground with its tail. ‘The Hindoo | boy seemed to be getting the worst of it. “pes | Howling and mosning, he was rolling over and An Ancient City of Temples, the Mecea of the | over bol Keir eps ere — were the bananas? Here and there on the pave Pees Semates Se tee aoe San" | Canad bay & tow! Ring, maaieat at Gnegare- Are Cared For--Golden Pagodas—The People | ent was the retains of the fruit, while high at Their Gaths—The Interesting View From | upon the temple cat a uunber of those. grinning and chattering images of Hunnooman quietly the Kiver—The Oriental Snake Charmers. = en fonk INSIDE THE TEMPLE was acourt yard about fifty feet square, con- taining « pagoda in the center. There was nothing particularly attractive aboutit. Look- ing. through legions Arley cams iB —— if | idol was seeu, before which a lamp was bura- a ing. We took our time looking upon the archi- wished to see the ti most interesting eity of | £6¢ture of the place and then returned to the British India we should | go to Benares, This vast city, said be, is one of the most ancient in Hindoostan, and is well worth visiting. We followed his ad- vice and were well re paid. Upon approach- ing the city the view is wonderful. Tall white minarets, golden domes of mosques, temples and princely palaces rose | before us, while at our feet the sacred Ganges | rollet its mighty flood. This view which lay THE CITY ¥nom THE nIveR. befow us hes thrilled the soul of countless! The culminating sight of Benarcs is the pano- millims. What Jerusalem is to the Christian | rama of the city from the Ganges when the and ilecca to the Mohammedan, Benares is to| people are bathing We made our arrange- the Hndoo—the holiest spot on earth. Many! Tents the evening before, and early in the 4 piigim from the remotest province of India, | morning. soon after sunrise, drove to the river, meastring his weary way by prayer and| where a native boat, provided with easy chairs, rare through months and sears, upon | awaited our coming. We floated slowly down jolding those gleaming spires has beem| with the current and had an excellent oppor- famed with unspeakable joy. Paradise was! tunity of beholding the city from the river. All béore him. The Ganges was to him the river | shout us were canoes and sailing vessels, with ofsternal life. | high, pointed prows and wide sterns, slender (SE OF THE OLDEST CITIES IX TRE WoRtD. | masts, bamboo yardsand sails of India matting. ‘he city is one of the oldest in the world. Stately stone a Lgl ew cnc i ‘Twenty-six centuries have passed since Rome| the banks o! river, and thousands watfounded, but before Romulus was heard of | $f,,ine ativan, oid and | young, were Benres was an ancient town; long before the | religious rite. To erect a “ghat” by sheherd boy of Bethlehem tended his father's es flocs on the Judaean hills; before Jerusalem A Visit to Benares, the Sacred City of the Hindoos. Bexanes, Ixpta, Nov. 6, 1891. Special Correspondence of ThsEven’ 1 Star. 3 E WERE TOLD aT Singapore by an Eng- which worshipers can reach the sacred stream, lie jed as @ meritorious act which the = the city of the Lord pilgrime visited | gods remember and reward. The crowd i@acted shrine. b proached large. Old men Inthe earliest Hindoo records it is Prconaptin tt i at spoken of as te great city. Kasisupported byjShiva upon its trident, to him its oe are dedicated. Memhis, Babylon and Ninevah were ite cou- teworaries, but they have all disappeared, were scrubbing their hands and faces, cleans- ing their mouths and washing their’ beards; mothers were sousing their babies and scrub- bing them well with sacred mud. LOcees, i st a laughing and chatting, were swimm: out Yt Kasi remains the Hindoo’s claim to attest | in the water. ‘Here youth, beauty and fasion therreserving —_ of this m: nighty god. Here | alike make it a resort,and human nature mani- bramans and buddhists learned in philosophy | fests itself much the same by the flowing Leb discussions as keen as ever were heard in| Ganges as by the seaside at Newport or Lar Hari Atbuian groves, bor. ‘We passed the place where the boilies of the dead are burned. After being cremated, or ‘tly so, they are cast into the stream to be ene out to the ocean, eo the spirit of the de- Parted floats upon the eternal tide until ab- sorbed forever into tae self-existing Brabma (or more likely into the open mouth of some ungry crocodile). THE VIEW ALONG THE BANK is most imposing. Grand palaces erected by princes and rajabs who wished to spend their last days near the sacred stream line the shore. Farther down, however, we passed the city and were in the suburbs amid groves and gard- ens and native villages. Around one point of land which we turned the water was alive with erocodiles, which were basking in the sun or rting in the stream. At other times as we ‘ifted along urffler the shady palms and in- haled the sweet perfume of jasmines, honey- suckles and magnolias, the scene was very beautiful. White pagodas arose about the green foliage and grass-thatched huts lined the A TEMPLE IN RENARES. Thus was this wonderful place twenty-five centuries ago, and so is it now true that the seminaries have vanished, its scholars gone, | ing of adrum under our window and upon Fei, Romane, Hebrews, Grecks, | Assyrians; | looking out bebeld two natives making low yptians, with their ‘religions, have disa peared as nations, but the Hindce people stil | S*lsams. They were snake charmers. Tho exist, their religion remains, and Benares is | tallest one had a large boa constrictor wound now as it has been from the earliest ages, acity | about his neck and upon each arm was a of temples. j Coiled snake of a greenish hue, one of which WHEN To VistT INpra. ae = eet ee Prebhoeah the " man's legs and advan: make our acquaiut _ During the bot season im India it is almost _ ancy, but totned back at the voice of Mid mas. impossible to go out upon the streets at noon~ ter. “The than then set down an earthen jar, day; the sun is broiling and the least exertion: from: which two cobras raised their hooded sends the blood up to an almost unendurable heads and hissed at us. At o whisper they neat. But the cool season, which begins SNAKE AND SCORPION CHARMERS. One morning we were awakened by the beat- in ¢rept ont of the vessel and worked themselves into a fierce rage under the tormenting of the showmen. The other native had an earthen vessel filled with scorpions. ‘They were as tractable as trained mice und clung to his fingers and crept over his chest. He hung them upon tus ‘ears and played all manner of ts should visit this old land and time in which to do active work. Then India ise paradise. The air is fragrant with the odor of sweet a the ison anal their greenest foliage an sun shines a cloudless sky. ™ | tricks with them, and at one time his chest, -daleaciheee titan | arms and shoulders were one mass of theso = hairy creatures. commences in April and lasts until July, and it is this part of the year that tells most | 7 as oe Fr is the court of Biseswara or the golden pagoda sent to Man) it) . a Tn Darjeling hills, the outpost of the Himalayas. | with precious stones, is now despoiled of its Bunt those _ —— a | riches, but the dome-like roof is surmounted mast stay where they are, and "i inarets, and the roof, minare that this be in the lowlands, as in the valley of | ped peered peas —— purest alk. = fe Ganges, the heat is long and severe, and "rhe Une Poorena. ie larger than the golden torments day and night. The greater part of pared, lw conty, but more imporing. The idol which it contains is a female figure with four arms and iv « favorite with the women. ‘4 MOHAMMEDAN MOSQUE. Another interesting edifice és the Madoo-rai- GOLDEN Pagopas. One of the most interesting things in Benares the time is then taken up in trying to keep | !** ool. It is impossible for one who has pot beck in India through the bot season to comprehend | the intensity of the heat, the mercury during ‘the day registering 100 and 130 di and al night the scorching air is like a blast from | awn STR the endurance of Europeans fearfully. Great care must ‘taken to avoid sunstroke. be THE MONKEY Pacopa. —_— =, THE FIRST FIREMEN. Days When Distinguished Men Manned the Bucket Line, RUNNING WITH THE BOYS. ‘The Beginning of the Old Volunteer Fire De- partment—Iwo Destructive Fires Early in the City’s History—Where the Original En- | there sine Companies Were Located. oe T I8 PERHAPS NOT GENERALLY known that in the ranks of the volunteer firemen of former years many of the first citi- zens of the land lent a hand in the extinguish- ment of fires and in the saving of property. The impression of many is that the old-time companies here and elsewhere were made up of more of the rowdy quality than anything else, and the public generally made no distine- tion between the membership and the hangers- on or runners, to whom the rowdyism should have been credited. Alexandria will always feel proud of the fact that Washington was an active member of the Friendship Company of that city, ‘That city | still preserves as = memento beyond price | leather fire buckets marked with his initials. It |i also well known that the busy Benjamin | Franklin was an early advocate of yolunteer fire organizations, and, with other distinguished men, run and worked the machine of the bernia Fire Company, primitive as it was, at | fires in Philadelphia.” George Ross, another | signer of the Declaration, was un active mem- | ber of the Union of Lancaster, Pa. President Fillmore wasa member of the Eagle Hose of Buffalo for many years, and President Bu- chanan was an active momber of a Lancaster, Pa., company for over forty years. In the organization of the District com- panies the foremost citizens took part and it was not a rare thing that members of Con- gress would leave the halis of legislation to as- sist in battling with the devouring clement by Passing water down the line from pump or Teservoir to the engine, from which it was forced on the fire. And notwithstanding the contrary impressions the volunteer companies of the District aimed to and generally succeeded as far asactual membership is concerned in holding on its rolis men of character. Those who without pay or reward manned the brakes and worked for the common good prior to the disbanding of the old organizations and the establishment of the paid department in 1964, are fast passing away. TRE VETERAN VOLUNTEER FIREMEN. A number of those who remaia have, as vol- unteer firemen in other cities have done, formed the association known as the Veteran Volunteer Firemen’s Association of the District. The objects are to keep alive the memories of the past, to maintain old-time apparatus, col- lect mementoes, &e. This association’ was formed in 1887 and hada number of meeting places till the present year, when, under the authority of an act of Congress, the use of the present headquartera was grauted them, It was quite appropriate that this old building at the corner of 19th and H streets should Le thus used,as thatand the old Anacostia house, Sth and K streets southeast, are the only two of the old-time engine houses standing. This building, since it was turned over to the trus- tees of ‘the association, has been throughly renovated und improved, and already the walls are well crowded with pictures, hats, badges, papers and other paraphernalia which recall memories of the days of cisterns and pumps. Not the least interesting are the printed rosters of the old companies,some of them d ing back to the °30's, and some of the record books, that of the Columbia dating from 1818, the Franklin from 183 and the Union from S38. THE FIRST FIRE COMPANIES. Much has been written from time to time as to the organization of the companies in the early part of the century, but there has always been some uncertainty as to the exact dates of organization. It is ‘more than probable that the beginnings of the companies were sc small, the apparatus so crude, the water supply so limited and the population so scanty, that trom almost insignificant neighborhood’ meetings companies gradually evolved, finally selecting a leader or director, adopting s name and rules for working the machine, passi &e. About 1800, when the city was a cluster of villages, when neighbors visited one another by making their way over marsh and mire and through undergrowth, the necessity for fire ap- paratus in the hands of men of experience be- ‘came apparent, for the residences were erected in little clusters. ‘There was not much danger of extensive conflagration, because it was then acity of magnificent distances, if it could be called acity at all. About the Capitol there was some settlement and for the commodation of legislators and sojourners, three hotels—Conrad and New Jersey aven between A and B streets southeast, Coolidge’ itreets northeast, and Stecle's, 1st and A streets southeast. About the navy yard there was also a settlement, also one ai the lower end of New Jersey avenue. Pennsylvania avenue was not then the main thoroughfare be- tween the departments and the Capitol, for it skirted the low grounds on the north side of the liber, afterward called the canal, and F street, then known as the Ridge, was the prin- cipal street between the eastern and western parts of the city. Settlements about Sth street and between 10th and 15th streets were along F street. About Land 20th streets and the Hamburg neighborhood toward the river we: the principal settlements west of the executive departments. There were also some settle- ments toward the lower part of 44¢ street. TO PROTECT GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. ‘The general government, as carly as May, 1800, made an appropriation of less than $600 to purchase two fire engines for the Treasury Department, but there is no record as to how they were manned, &c. It 1s said, however, that one was located in a one-story frame about opposite the south portico of ‘the treasury. ‘The corporation t= 1800 made a propriations for the purchase of engines for the protection of the markets and property, but there is no record of the organization of companies till the following year—I ‘There is but little doubt that the predecessor of the Union was located at the West market, which was then on the triangular space formed by 20th and I streots and #ennsylvania avenue, and was housed ina shed at the west end of the market. while in the town hall on 20th street the meetings were held. The Anacostia was located near the Eastern market (in the space between Sth, 6th, K and L strecta southeast), and the house, s plain unpretentious frame, was on the north side of K street until t house at 9th and K streets was erected in 1842. ‘That the Columbia was organized in 1804 and under that name, excepting during the war of 1812, bad a continuous existence to the time of the paid department (in 1864) there is not the least doubt. It is equally certain that it wus putin charge of the apparatus purchased for the protection of the government buildings nd was housed in a small frame about on the pot occupied by the statue of Washington Secieg the Caglicl, ‘The hoome wes destroyed by fire when British set fire to the Capitol in August, 1814 ‘TWo EARLY FIRES. Congress took action none too soon for the protection of government property, for the two fires of magnitude in 1800 and 1801 were of government buildings. A serious loss having been entailed thereby, it was not long before the government officials as well as the citizens a felt an interest in adopting some lorm system for the suppression of econ- tions. The first of these fires was No- Me->. Yb — THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, D.C. : SATURDAY. DECEMBER 19, 1891—SIXTEEN PAGES. office of state; an account of Thomas Claxton ‘as agent for furnishing the Capitol; the ac- counts and vouchers of Tench Francis, 5 al JeTor of public mupplien, for purchases from July, 1797, to September,1798, THE FIRST FIRE Law. January 10, 1803, an act was passed by the city council, approved by Robert Brent. mayor, and certified by James Barry, president of the first chamber, and Danicl Carroll of Dudding- ton, president of the second chamber, providing for the prevention and extinguishing of fires, Section 1 provided that every proprietor of any dwelling house or store house should, to the first day of Murch ensuing, at his or her ex- pense, provide as many fire buékets of leather and containing two and a half gallons as were stories in such house. Every proprietor neglecting to procure the proper number of buckets should forfeit 61 for each bucket, If the proprietor of any dwelling house or store houso not residing within the limits of the city failed to procure buckets the occupant was authorized to proeure them under the same penalty for neglect and recover from such defaulting landlord the expense ereof. Section 2 provided that all the buckets should be entered and numbered in the office of the register, whose duty it was to record the name of the proprietor of houses with the number of teants, who were required to have the name and number painted on the buckets, under a penalty of $1 for each negiect. Section 3 made it the duty of the occupants of houses to preserve the fire buckets without sufforing them to be used for other purposes; if any bucket was lost or destroyed they wero to replace them within one month under pen- alty of @5 for neglect. ‘hey were required to keep them in a con- spicuous piace in the house and send them to any fires that might break out, Section 4anthorized the mayor toimmediately procure ladders and hooks to be deposited wit! such citizens as were disposed to take care of them and use them, and £50 was appropriated for the purpose of supplying the public with them. Section 5 made it tho duty of the sealer of weights and moasures twice each year to. visit every house and examine the nunzber and state of the buckets and report the eame to the reg- ister, and authorized the law officer of any precinct to receive one-half of the fines and forfeits under the act. Section 6 authorized the procurement by the mayor, prior to the Ist of March, 180%, of one substantial engine to be kept near the Cen-| ter Market, and so soon thereafter as may be two additional fire engines were to be procured by him, to be severally kept near the eastern and western markets for which purpose the sum of £300 was appropriated out of any money in the treasury. ‘This law was curried. into e/- fect at once, but many citizens and owners of houses being unabie to get their buckets ready in ‘the time prescribed in the act, on the 28th of March, 1803, a Dill was passed that so much of the first act as required the providin of fire buckets prior to March 1 be repeale and that persons required to provide the sume have until the Ist of June following to do so. ‘The association has unearthed a number of these buckets, FIRE WARDS ESTABLISHED. July 24, 1904, an act of tho city council of Washington to establish fire wards and fire companies was approved. It provided that the city be divided into fire wards, all west of 16th street to constitute the first fire ward; the sec- ond bounded on the west by 16th street, on the south by G street south wutil it intersected with 3d street, and by such street from such intersection to the extreme thereof. ‘Ihe third fire ward to constitute all of that part of the city southward of such G street, and the fourth fire ward to constitute ail o: the remaining part of the city. Section 7 authorized the mayor to ap- point one man residing in each ward who shall c f the citizens, who shall or- into fire companies, which shall pass such rules for government as they may see fit, the company to annually elect one of its members, who, with the four citizens ap- pointed by the mayor, shall be denominated lire directors and constitute a board of general mperintendence, &c. ‘This act was signed by Samuel H. Smith, president of the first cham: ber of the city council of Washington; Nicholas King, president of the second charber, and approved by Robert Brent. mayor. ‘The same day an appropriation of $400 was made by the councils for sinking wells, repair- ing and ereeting pumps. Messrs. Jas. H. Gillis, Jas. Hoban, Nicholas Voss and Griffith Coombs were authorized to call the meetings for organizing the companies in the tour wards. August 11, 1804, a meeting was held at the West market and Jos. Stretch, John Woodside and Thos. H. Gillis appointed to make rules for the government of the fire company for the first ward.+ ‘Meetings were held at Rhodes Hotel August 20 and September 8 and the Union Fire Com- pany (afterward the Franklin) organized by electing James Hoban president, Andrew Way, Jr. vice’ president;' Washington Boyd, treasurer; James Kearney, secretary; Clot- worthy Stephenson, Peter Lomax. Lewis Morin and Henry Langtry, engineers; John Hewitt, Thomas Thorpe, ‘Thomas Carpenter, Henry Herefard, John P. Van Ness and Joseph Calvert, firemen: James Huddieston, John Ar- ‘ken, Orlando Cook, George Moore, Hugh Boyd, Thomas Given, John Dobbin, . Nautz, ladder men; David Shoemaker, Richard For- rest, John M. Gowan, George Wa; hane and Thomas’ Herty, sentine Payne, Edward Frethy, B. Jormick, Ezra Varden, Alex. Cochran, Robt. ‘Tally, William and James Thornton, firemen, and Jolin Hewit, board of general superintendence. Many of these names are prominent in the annale of the District. Mr. Hoban was the architect of the Capitol; Mr. Way, » well- known printer; Peter Lenox, the father of Mayor Leno: Van Ness, member of Con- gress, afterward mayor; Thos. Given, father of Jobn’ T. Given, and Lewis Clephane (uncle of the present Mr. Lewis Clephane). who bad but recently arrived in the country and bad promptly declared his intention to become a citizen. *From the fact that an appropriation was made in 1815 to replace the treasury en- gines it is presumed that they were destroyed by the British. ‘On December 31, 1814. the company which afterward became’ the Franklin was organized and given in charge the treasury engines. It was locuted ina house south of the treasury building, buta few months after was removed near the present north front, and was then known as the Alert. In 1826 ‘one of the en- gines was located in a frame house on 18th street, north of Ponneylvauia avenue, and was then Known ag the Star. It was in a few months removed to the corner of 14th and Pennsylvania avenue, and in the following year the company was reorgan- ized under the name the Frank- linand Chas. L. Coitman was elected presi- dent. The company in the first ward reorgan- ized inw hall vf the western market which was then and many years afterward used as « town hall, taking tio name of the Union. ‘The apparatus consisted of an old-fashioned hand engine, which was kopt it ashed at the western end of the market, and for a time was on the opposite side of the avenue, and in the ‘s0' they also ran an old-fashioned two-wheeled MANY LITTLE INDIANS How They Are All Mixed Together at the Carlisle School, STUDYING AND WORKING. Commissioner Morgan's Visit to the School— How the Work of School and Shop is Ar- ranged—Boys and Girla Who Find Empley- ment on Farms. 1HE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AF- fairs paid on official visit to the great school for Indians at Carlisle = week ago on his way to the west, and o Sram reporter was given an opportunity to accompany him. Carlisle is situated in the midst of the beautiful Cumberland valley of Pennsylvania, about thirty miles eouth of Har- risburg, or within five hours of Washington. It has about 8,000 inhabitants and is growing, being situated on the line of the Cumberland Valley railroad. The Indian school is on the site formerly occupied by @ cavalry barracks dating from the early part of the century. A military post was placed there before the revo- Nation and formed the last base of supplies in the campaign of the British against the Indians. The only building remaining of the old plant isa stone structure that was built by Hessian prisoners for a magazine, but is now used for a guard house. It bears the stamp of old con- struction, for ite walls are fally six feet thick. ‘The echool is about baif a mile from the town and is frequently visited by the ci have ceased to regard it as community and take a great perity and success. It has Intervals until now it i dating at least 600 pupil more cl Twels ai ride in its pros- n added at capable of accommo- ud witha very few ges it can care for » thousand. years ago Capt. R. H. Pratt, tenth gavaingowas detailed to take about eighty In- dian children from the west to the old post Carlisle and organize a school. That was the the start.» The institution has grown steadily and is still, under the care of it. Pratt, as superintendent, who is under the direction of the commissioner of Indian affairs, He is the only army officer on duty there and is aided by ‘a large staff of teachers and matrons. ‘There is a disciplinarian, Mr. Campbell, who has charge of the boys, und an assistant disci- plinanian, Mr. Wolf, a young Carlisle man, who recently graduated from a military institute in New York. Mr. Standing is assistant superi tendent. There is an office force, a physic a matron in charge of the little boys, anoth with two assistants, in charge of the girls juarters, and a corps of teachers, headed by iss Fisher, the principal. Nearly all of them live on the grounds, forming a pleasant com- munity. A large campus is inclosed by the girls’ quarters on the north, the houses of the super- intendent and his aesistant and the office on the east, the school building and the teachers’ quartera on the south and the schoo! dining bali on the west. Trees of great age grow in the western half, and at the edge ot the grove stands a neat band pavilion for summer even- ing cones Between that and the east walk | is a fine stretch of green sward for drilling | purposes. i | { ‘The 340 boys aro organized into a battalion of five companics, wi Dennison Wheeloci h Indians for officers. a full-blooded Oneida, is major. Four of the companies are composed of the large boys and the other one of 100 little fellows, who are quartered together, under the care of a matron. They have no aruls, but they drill very well in the foot movements. All the pupils of the school are uniformed, the boys in a light grayish bine. with red trim: mings. and reat enps, and the girls in navy Dlue dresses, flat blue felt hats at this season and long blue cloaks. SCHOOL AND DISCIPLINE. The main work of the institution, of course, ia done in the school rooms. which are effect- ively located in a new building that forms the southern end of the rectangle. It standson the site of the old cavalry barracks that formed a Port Of, the original military post of years ago. tis jevigned structure, with stairways both inside and outside of the walla, There are twelve ure class rooms, furnished as well as any school room in Washington; an office for the principal, Miss Fisher; a music room and a large chapel or assembiy room in the center of the second floor that will seat fully six hundred People. ‘There are twelve classes going all the time, each in charge of @ teacher who does not change. ‘The varying qualifications of the pupils when they report, caused by the variety of school conditions in the west, render it impracticable to grade the pupils according to their ages, and it often oceu that alittle tot of ten sits next ton great, strapping Jad of sixteen and makes the same progress. ‘This is especially true in the caso of ins:ruction in English, in which the younger pupils ure apt to be far more ready then the elder ones. ‘There is an instance of a lad in ono of the lower gradesand his father ina room only two years more ad- vanced. ‘The father, after he had been at Carlisle « year, sent for the boy. Commivsioner Morgan is endeavoring to establish a uniform system of education that will begin on the reservation and end at Car- isle, the former to start the pupil and the lat- ter to finish him and turn him out with a truining that will be very close to that given by the lower grades of a high school. Capt. Pratt disagrees in his theories with the commie- sioner, and would atandon the reservation schools and concentrate all pupils at schools similar to that at Carlisle, separated from the Indian coionies aud located in various parts of east. It is estimated that if a boy could enter the school at Carlisle without any previous educa- tion—many of them fulfill this condition—and Temain at the institution until graduated—none of them are uble todo this uninterruptediy— the process would take ten years. No pupil has ever stayed at Carlisle more than seven years ata time, though many, after their first live years have elapsed, have gone back to their families for a period and then returned to finish their education. INDIAN TALK AXD TORACCO, The English language is taught by means of objects and lip motions. Two years are usually allowed a pupil to get hold of the English that apposed to be required of a citizen, and in the meantime every effort ia made to break up the habit of the aboriginal tongue. ‘The means employed is a regulation that forms baif of Carlisie's dialogue. ‘There are but two com- mandments that aro insisted upon. One is— ‘Thou shalt not speak Indian. and the other— Thou shalt not use tobacco. offenses are regarded as equally enormous. The very new pupils who- have bad little instruction in En- reel or “crab” with a limited supply of leather hose. They then in the '80's had no uniform, A fireman wore a beaver bat and carried about with him an oilcloth badge, on which was. printed Union Engine or Hove Company; according to whether ho might be engine men. or man, which he tied sround bie =. He would carry his fire bucket to the ‘The engine house now occupied by the volnn- teers ny Stected in. 1687 Tne the Sanat Marc! ‘appropriating §7,2 which ‘in- eluded the purchase of engine and suction. The officers were as follows: Rev. Fre Evans, president; Edward Handly, vice presi- dent; Dr.Wm. 8.’ Magruder, captain of engine; G. W. Harkness, captain ‘of hove; Flodoardo Howard, secreta les Calvert, assistant secretary; Sainuel Scott, treasu: | n, thirteen hose guards a hose carriage guards. A few years sabscquentiy @ corps of property guards were organized and run with the company. At that Paratue was known to be for the especially of the War and other government buii This company wasin existence carly part of the war the fire boys donned the blue, enlisting ander Capt. James Kelly (as Company B, Union regiment. Many enii sidcoies tees ar, lune. Ce en, a lent |, was first lisatendat of ‘Company B. rer, and the list | and one engine men, twenty-one ‘tion four lish are granted a special dispensation from ¢ first rulo, that is, gradually withdrawn as the ability to comply becomes greater. Satur- do night at dinner the first sergeant of ench olleets from the boys their con- science reports for the weck. They are in the form of @ printed slip of paper in which the pupils insert thelr nuines aud. their ‘repiies to the two searching queries: “Have you talked Indian this week?" and ‘Have you used tobacco this week?” Ibis found, that there is comparatively little cheating in these rts, as the boys are forced. to be honest by the It was parious period, with discipline in the balance, and thete was Sanger shead’ ‘Cane Pratt a) ved the sentence and executed it himeelt” oh Breer ap bagel weet sien case as instance of cor- poral punishment at Carte Suring the twelve Years of its existence. SHOPS. Most of the shops that form the industrial Part of the plant are located in a large one- storied building built on three sides of a square in the rear of the boys’ quarters, forming the extreme northern boundary of the establish- ment. There are five of them here, where the Doys are trained to be tailors, tinners, cobbler, carpenters and harness makers. The biack- smith shop is ina stone building a rod or so to the west, but the superintendent will soon move it into the new boiler house and turn the old stone structure over to the boys of the Y. M. C. A., who have agreed to furnish it. ‘The industrial classes of the girls are in the dining ball building and are largely utilitarian; that is, they produce goods for home consumption, ‘The sewing room and a tailoring or dressmaking establishment are on the second floor; the school kitchen 18 used for the classes in cooking, while the girls are given courees in the laundry and ironing room. A graduated student has charge of the bakery, with two student apprentices as assistants, Journeymen printers are turned out from the school printing office, whichis located in a | large and well-lighted room over the boiler plant. Here a couple of dozen bors set type and manage the presses that produce the job work for the school as well as @ little weekly news shest cailed The Helper anda monthly re- view entitled The Redman. Small wages are paid in the shops, 80.28 to remove cause for complaint that the pupils are forced to do the labor of the institution, as wellas to afford gome iueentive for earnest work. These compensations range from 6 to 12 cents for each half day's attendance in the shops. The money is put to the credit of the pupils in the school bank. ‘The girls get no ‘Wages except as waitresses in the dining rooms. THE BOYS’ BAND. Avery creditable band of about twenty pieces furnishes music for the school on all occusions. It is at present led by a bright young Oneida named Dennison Wheelock. who bas finished his courve at Carlisle and is now attending | lectures at the Dickinson College. He bas re- cently secured a full set of new silver instruments, and by hard and patient “k managed to drill bis com- ns into the production of some very ecient music. Indeed, while the pieces that they play are of acter, they could casily give a handicap to the light, lively char- | fracti average town oF village bund and beat it out. Whee! cornet, singing lock isa very clover performer on the and accompanies the school in whenever chapsl. He is also the major of the b: talion, though it is but seldom that he is called upon to exercise his military duties. The boys are very devoted to their work of | making music and take as much time as possi- ble for practice. They have a room set apart for them in the gymnasium building and they are blowing and tooting at all hours when oif duty. On Saturday the eaptain—he is seldom or never addressed as Capt. Pratt—asked one of the boys to go to the station with three others to get a trunk, offering a compensation. The iad replied that he would like to earn the money, but that he belonged to the band and there was @ rehearsal called for a few minutes 1 later and he must decline the job. Thie was | mammon down -d by music. The gentle air of melo lergely in prying open the hearts of there boys and girls. “It is given to therm in all forms and made so much @ part of their daily lives th: they come to love it and toseck for it, 2 to more poten: softening influcnce can At meais a grace is snug in unison by school betore a crumb of food is touch is taught in Various forms in the classes and in many cases some natural tclent is touud and developed. There is a choir of about thirty or thirty-five voices, led by one of the matrons aud accon- anied by atexcher on the piano und Denison Vheeloek on the cornet. The lading soprano is a little Pueblo girl, who wears cs, whose voice has an excellent range thouyh somewhat small power. She sang a solo on the Saturday | night of the commissiouer's'visit that would have done credit to some conic opera singers. ‘There is another solvist, an Apacke girl, whose voice isa full, rich contralto. i © better singers than the bove, whoxe voices range too low to be of much use except in chorus work. The school sings readily from the hymn books, though, of couree, cily the oldest pupils have learned to rend music, and the little ones Join in whenever they find familiar strains. TRIBES MIXED TOGETHER. Over fifty different tribes are represented at the echool, but there are no distinctions of any kind to mark them. In fact it is the aim of the superintendent to break down all tribal lines and autagonisms and to make all the pu- Pile feel first that they belong to the general class of Indians and then that they are mem- bers of the great family of Americans. He is succeeding very largely in this, though, of course, there is perhaps more companionship between boys and girls who come from the same agency than among those who hail from widely separated sections, Yet in the assign- ment of rooms to pupils it is usually the case that those of the same tribe are not put to- ether. Such a combination as a Pawnee, an Gneids anda Sioux in the same room is not unusual, and in many cases the most startling associations are formed, with Indians bunking together of tribes that have for generations been at war with each other. societies, Erc. ‘There are several societies organized among the pupils. Foremost among these are the band, which is treated elsewhere; the Y. M. C. A., which is in excellent standing in the state organization; a branch of the King’s Daugh- ters, which does some good work in keeping the girls occupied in vacation time: two debat- ing societies that are desperate rivals on fre~ quent occasions, and an athletic elub that com- P wmnasinm club. a base bali team and a foot bail eleven. The boys take naturally to the Indian clubs, and last Saturday night five of tiem gave an exitibition of artistic club swinging in the entertainment in honor of the com: with the branch in nd that formed by the Dickinson College students. Union meotings Of these are held three times each year, at the various rooms, Thatat the school occured last Sunday, Gen. Morgan delivering an address. The foot ball and base bell teams compete with those of the town at frequent intervals, and there is always a great deal of uncertainty as to the results. A few years ago some of the bo: yed Incrosse, the native Indian game of ball, but it did not grow in favor in com tition with base ball and so it died out. ‘thie presents an odd spectacle of evolution. FARMING OUT. Capt. Pratt's appropriations and accommo- | We! dations ate sufficient to provide for only about 580 pupils, but he bas managed to take nearly £00 in altogether by building up his system of farm employment. It was started several years ago and has become so successful and so widely known that he ix constantly in receipt of letters from well-to-do people all over Pennsylvania and the neighboring states asking for a reliable Indian boy or girl. When such a letter comes he first makes inquiries by ndence as to the character of the applicant and then be The wages offered are not very large, but as the boys and Girls bave seldom before carned any money at ail they are eager for the opportunity. tome cates nothing is paid bus the ‘pui ome, his assured of a comf{: clothes and a chance to attend echool d_ Navy Departmen} |. k ale thet oeotinee till 1864butin the | erly, i i z | to Oberstein. ‘The latter townis the great agate | more than a hundred and fifty mills for work- | Written for The Pren! | Though It should never be lifted up again, As a rule the | | was cuddling up to bis spine in a proper man- take a deep interest in the insti- has appointed a board of twelve trustees to guard this fund. Most of the farm land around Carlisie that belongs to the school has been purchased with such money. A former pupil is in charge of the dairy,» Cheyenne Indian whom Capt. Pratt ly saw dancing around the acalp of a soldier years | ago. Ho has been quite civilized. has married & Pinte girl who formerly attended the school and now they live in a neat house on the farm. Richard Davis is his name and be bas the repu- tation of knowing as much about dairy farm. ing as any man within miles. His is an ample of what Carlisle can make of the Indian. suggesta, in conclusion, the great ques tion solution of the indian prob Various views as to the utility of educating the Indian are held, some claiming that it is use- lees to teach them to be white if they are to go back to their reservations and lapse into semi- tation. savagery. Capt. Pratt maintains that there is no necessity for sending the children back, and he asserts that if be can” have the right to keep fter be bas put them through Carlisle he will make civilized men and women of them and solve the Indian problem in less than one generation. ——_—_ HOW AGATES ARE MADE ‘They Come Mostly From Brazil and Are Cut in Germ: % A Sates ARE A KIND OF QUARTZ,” said a mineralogist to a Sram writer. “Most of them come from South America, and especially from Brazil, where they are found in | Rreat quantities. From thence they are shipped as ballast in vessels bound for Hamburg, Ger- many, and from that port they are‘forwarded market of the world. “At Oberstein the agates are sorted into lots, according to quality, and scld at auction. After this they are sent to the mills to be cut and polished. Along the Idar river, between the towns of Oberstein and Idar, there are ing agates, Each mill has severai big grind- stones, on which the valuable bits of quartz we ground, being usually attached: to small Choice specimens are | preliminarily cut into rough shapes with a steel wheel and diamond powder. Common ones. how- ever, are me: rms desired with hammer experience the workmen acquire great dexterity 14 «pply- ing their blows so as to obtain the requisite revolving grindstone two men work. donot sit or stand, but lie outstretched wooden stools made to fit their bodics. hile they hold the agate to the grindstone they geva purchase with their fect against | blocks of wood fastened to the floor. After being g tes are polished on. eylin- hich are fed as they re- volve Ww: ¢ of tripoli aud water. A en colored artificially. For this are first placed in olive oil and ee acid und heated again. ated. ‘Then they are put into sulphuric | Owing to the fact that of agate are quite porous, while re dense, the oii enters the porous lay- here it is biackencd by the acid, thus the contrast between ihe colors of the layers more striking and enhancing the beauty of the stones. Other colors are given to agates | by soaking in different solutions and otherwise, Dut these methods are trade secrets.” — tar, On the Bust of John Howard Payne* OAK MILE CEMETERY, WASHINGTON, D.C. Far from his “licme, Sweet Home” he lived and dies In alien earth long slept his Ronored dust, Till 11 was borne actos the Atlantic tide, And over it in marble gieamed his bust. Ghost Awhile in peace upon its pedestal It seemed detiance to the centuries To bid, but yet was doc c Fate even to his effigy no rest As to his life—no rest € But sent a furious wind out of the West ‘To huri it down above bis second grave. ‘That humble slab, brought o'er thi Would tel here hes the dust of Vowar ‘The dust of him who sang of ficme, Sweet Home. More eloquently of the poet's fate Speaks the bate shaft, While o'er that fate we sigh, lis cong is memory sha!l perpetuate, Not marble bust. His fame shal) never die. What are the labored monuments of art ‘To the dear words and music of a song ‘That thrills the chord of every human heart? ‘While men exist, ‘lime ne'er shaii do it wrong. “This beautifal memorial, erected by his friend Corcoran, was thrown down and injured by a storm November 3d, 1891. December 11, 1891. ——_ Sized Up as o Rustler. From the Detroit Pree Press. He bad on a cowbov'shat—he had long hair end fierce black eyes—there wasaclaw trom the | foot of a grizzly bear dangling from his watch | chain. You could size him up ouly in one e bad killed his man, or perhaps half a | dozen of them, If he hadu't fought Indians and stood up to the bad, bad men of the far | west then his lookebelicdhim. He wasa quiet, | Unostentatious man, ay ail nervy men are. He was reading a dime novel, ns do | when they travel. nd then he felt down the back of his neck to see if his bowie knife ner, and now and then he reached down to his boot legs to see that his cargo of revolvers hadn't shifted. | Three or four of us, after taking plenty of time to size him up, decided to ask bim how and where he got the wound which bad left the scar clear across his left cheek. It looked like the work of Sitting Bull's tomahawk, but we wanted tbe particulars. So it was agreed that | bee I should work him up to tell his and after & quarter of an hour of diplomacy I had shaped matters so I dared observe: “That isa bad scar you have on your cheek and there is no doubt a story connected with it?” “Yes, sir, there is,” he replied. “We should like to hear the particulars, if you have no objections.” “Oh, the story dou’t amount to much,” he modestly remarked. “But youcertainly badaclosecall. Howmany Indians were around yor ‘indians | T didn't see no Indiana.” “Ob, per ou were in a western when it was held ‘up ‘and you got that corte | fighting off the road agents! ver saw @ road agent in my life,” he an- red. “Tackled by a bad man out in Montana, per- ne?” “Never was out in Montana, and never — bed 0 fight,” Z “Bat you a ‘e “Well, perhaps you'll be kind to ox- plain how you goi that scart eet “I will. “I went into a restaurant in Toledo and ordered apumpkin pie. The waiter brought me ® squash pie instead. Ikicked. The owner of the place, who was a woman, got mad me with an old caso knife. settled with her in cash, “These things? Oh, I got’em of an actor for e4. He had te cell out = walt hone ‘ond “Certainly you can. I've beeu working for a farmer near Monroe all summer for ‘leven dol- lars a month and found, but I qi Lafterward | acting Tourney Probicims, Selutions, Selvore— Notes. WASHINGTON CHESS CLUB MEETS every evening at 910 always welcome. F street. PROBLEM No. 70 (Tourney Problem No. 27). MISS H.C. MORLISON, Washinton, D.G (Compossi for The Pwem.na Star.) Back — Three (1) pieces. White Eucbt (8) proces, ‘White to pias mate in two (2) mows, PROBLEM No. 72 (Tourney Probiem No. By K. M. BORLETT, Washineton, D.C. (Composed for The Evening Star.) Biack—Pive (5) places, SOLUTIONS AND Dun: E. ey Pre We atid jo peris Lalort, Miss al so! ut frow 1. sores, Probilem No. 47 (Tourney problem No. 16). key. Found ty 1k Kuwshts Ds a by Geo, Be vad eniously ‘wer of t SOLVERS. slew No. 19). mate, ea. ' hie Auuas, ui Barieti, A. “EB Myrrison, F. A. Covley. ai Kmicht (Now 44, 45, 40,4) 8. Bi Benton (Nos. 43, 46) + Visitord No. 27). There wm QBs ani PK The jeuute, “*E campot Ty poorly. constructed only une owe Me . Cummine, K. i. Eadort, Mise Ni Kolved 4 Mach to every one's surprise the Judd- Showalter match bos begun, Judd was abead at last ace: Mr. Steinitz left for Havans today, where he will meet Tschigorin in the great match toward the close of this month. The followii the home club Cook P von Koppentfel days are the additional entries in * tourney: Messrs. O'Farrel, 5, Renbsahm and Key. ‘The solving tourney clossin two more weeks. ROF. R. L. GARNER, IN Hs PURSUIT of the gorillas for congersational parposes, is likely to find more deadiy foes to encounter than even those ferocious apes. Should be escape the natives, who are both cruel and treacherous, he must still contend with the climate. It is said that in the region of the Gaboon such dewily fevers prevail that it is hardly possible for a white man to enter the jungle and come out alive. Tho Baron Hugo who speat some time in that country as a naturalist and collector, wan- dered, lost and alone for together, enduring terrible suffering and in constant fear of death. Writing subsequently of his experi- bo &3 jnst description of a tropical for- est, like that of the Gabvon, is impossible. Is is too grand and diversified, but, with all ite Woe to | splendor and beauty, it és deceitful and dan- the apexperienced man who wetrate into is anterior. He svon a chaos of roots, of inter- d growth of underbrash, all growing 1k and ewampy coil. Hore be breathes ® stag sent, musty, green-house woes taeeyhelle' Goh Srvheas the: which broods over this Air, whitch de- energies. % tilence inet of mest Lexus growth and rapid decay. Although these mys terions shadows bi de an active and varied az- mal life the ear is seldom struck by a sound of any kind. afruit or#dry branch breaks the stilinese. short evening twil birds are heard to parture of the day. Such a forest is a subject and only be whom nature Buch “the home of sem, zoe the te the, bicod and. produces of the skin and frequendy of unending has Only now and then the falling of Early in the soorning and in the t of irritating 1s the primitive sous ot one the gorilias.’ Tenant—“All right, Fil getout By the way, today?” have you seen furniture car No, 999 “Not that I kuow of, Isn't one forniture auotber?” tS ive cote yearly contrast with “Yea, but soe An the Near Feture esqathe Mhrakere Wite (onling enddealy of mige sn aap