Evening Star Newspaper, August 29, 1891, Page 9

SAS Sk a Ah St la id ie onc aera id aah Sh ice a ll me ec ADORNMENT OF WOME Ornament an Essential Feature of Dress All Over the World. SOME PRIMITIVE STYLES. Ingenuity in Forms and Modes of Ornamenta- tlon—The African’s Earbarous Decorations and the Samoan Belle’s Modest Nudity— ‘Types From Madeira, Algiers and Honolulu. Written for The Evening Star. FTHELE BE ANY ONE THING ON WHICH jamanity seems to have entirely agreed since the days of Eden it is that ornament is | an ossential feature of dress. Simple clothing, wearing apparel, protection from the inclem- ency of the season, is such a commonplace, matter-of-fact affair that it is treated, where the mean! wantin cannot indulge their taste or fancy in that line soon get into the habit of being very negli- gent—harilly drossing at all. But when it may be indulged care for the personal appearance quickly makos itself manife: jot only mod: esty, as Carlyle says, came in with clothes, but also the love of display. Even the astute if somowhat garrulous old Polonius limited the costliness of the apparel with the capacity of the purse to buy. And his diserimination betwoen rich and gaudy pretends to be based on nothing but matter of taste. Women indulge in o-nament more than en, doubtless in part due to natural impulse, ut part to training—they expect it-the world ornaments its women ns the devotees do their «dol ~and for very much the same reason. A RONOLELT DANCE GIRT Ingennity has been exhausted on modes and orms of crnamen, to that of Catharine I blazing the throne of Russia. There is © people, however nearly unclothed, who do not indulge a fondness for ornament. the only fference Letween them being in kind and quantity. Here is a Taveita woman from the Cago territory of e torial - recently intro- into society —of nations. Her clothing above the waist consists enti of ornament. In a climate too warm to render clothing a neces- sity. and having no thought of what we call ry.she none theless deems ‘it indispensable rn herself. A lady of the four hundred, while deeming dress, some dress, at least. nec essary at a ball or recep- tion. till must put on Lapy or raverta. her jewela. Th> luiy of Taveita has ker ears bored while yet a child and inserts a stick about the size of & match. Larger ones are gradually substi- tnted until the hole made. or rather, worked. is four or five inches across and the lobe of the hangs down almost upon her shoulder. ¢ cartilage at the end of her ear has by th ae become scarcely more than a string. it ould be a natural mistake to whisper through that opening rather than into the smaller provided by nature. Prom the loop thus formed they hanga coil of fine iron chains mode by the native smiths. With married peo- jle it 8 de riguer to wear copper discs of wire compacted together. Sometimes the outer auricle of the ear is pierced and hung with loops of beads of large size. In addition, she arrays herself in bead necklzces and sopper for the arms. A sort of skull cap of skin and ferelead band or fillet of beads com- peetes the adornment. But more extraordinary still are the ea: . in the mame re; of central Africa. When a child his ears were pierced, and the hole gralually enlarged. with the use of wooden pegs and ivory tusks, untilit was possible to insert ing made in sec- on the principle an arch or cart wheel, which it in some respects closely resem- bles. expecially in. si A mawpana’s Ean. The tire of the wheel is the ear. 5 --— isnot #0 much infizenced in her ornamenting by a love for the beautiful or taste as by the desire to surpass her friends in splendor. However that may be, it certainly is the motive of this Samoan belle. The dress is decollete, necklace of coral. and a gold locket presented by her father. the celebrated Mataafa. The chief fer ture is the headdress, a.sort of It is really very pretty, made of polished copper and set with colored stones, some of which are of a rieb and brilliant tin The contrast Between the African and the woman of Samoa is strik: the Intter has the purity of uature—there is no sign of immodesty—while there ix no brutal distortion and disfigurement of the body such ‘as indulged in by the barbarous Afric Here isa totally dis tinet type, the product of anancient civilization —an Egyptian woman; the costume that of a highly conventional State of society -- th Mobamedan. object of first import auce is the seclusion of women. Were it possi ble they would never be nitted to go abroad. it being necessary for the poorer classes, the face and figure are con- cealed except the eyes, A strip, gen th needlework, is placed. over the nose leagthwise to support a veil close ufto | the Tn these three instances the whole range of aitires fe covered, from almost nothing to almost too much, and. th vrue eense in whiels @2om to Le lacking. the twusst adornment—the Here the | . THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON. D.C, SATURDAY, AUGUST 29. 1891—SIXTEEN PAGES. of the Samoan and the divine eyen of the Egyp- A MADEIRA DELLE. tian—while the African destroys nature tofavor ornament. Perhaps she is wise. MAID OF ALGIERS. From these costumes and ornaments, savage, for indulging display or taste is | barbaric and conventional, the maid of Algiers almost with contempt. People who | emerges in a costume and ornament quite in keeping with more recent ideas of dress. In borlice, Incing, embroidery, high dress and arms modestly exposed she favors the Spanish, who probably derived their taste from the floors. as did she. The headdress, of woven tuff, in red and yellow.is quite as incomprehen- sible ic. Here we find another marked hange—it is the embellishment of the cloth- ing. not the body, which in compensation is left exposed so faras modesty and loveliness dictate. TRULY PICTURESQUE. One more costume, another Algerian, and perhaps the most picturesque ever worn, is almost devoid of ornament—that is, as a neces- sary adjunct. It relies on drapery. An ample skirtextends to just above the knee, below which appear the loose flowing trousers, drawn inat the ankle above the pointed, uptarned shoes. There is a shapels, close-fitting waist, and thrown over all the thin white veil, bornd to the head abont the forehead. This conceals or permits the figure to be seen and from be- ‘tien from that of the half 4 neath its folds the black, witching eyes peor out. —— THE HUCKSTERS’ HARVEST. The Tricks They Play to Increase Their From the § Profits and Fleece Their Patrons. Louis Star-Sayings. kster wagon passed along through the A hve alley between Pine and Olive streets. The The nudity of | curren physique | of 4.998 pence per pound sterling. had smelled of every ear, separately and in | iriver was calling his wares with all his might. There was a sharp click, followed by the rattling of a Intch chain. A high gate swang open and a woman with a market basket on her arm stepped out and halted the vegetable ped- der. sort of a smile upon his cigar-store-Indian countenance asked what she wanted. He stopped, and with a calm, innocent “How much do you want for roasting ears?” “Twenty cents a dozen, ma'am.” “Oh, pshaw. I can beat that down town. Your corn isn’t anything extra.” ‘The woman had tumbled the corn over rapidly, like # pig bunting for a nubbin, and vidually. The huckster didn’t say « word. “Give me 10 cents’ worth.” * ‘The corn was counted out and placed in the basket. “What are these tomatoes worth?" The good housewife was burrowing into them at a lively rate. ive cents a small measure.” “Don't want them. Can beat your prices down town.” hat’s all right.” How much are cabbages?” “Five or ten cents.” “Mercy on me. You fellows ain't afraid to charge.”* “That's part of our business,” was the indif- t answer. y cents a pe Yorse yet. Can't you come down?” followed abhaggle over the price of potatoes that made the women in the neighbor- hood stick their heads out of the windows in great haste to see what bad happened. At length the hhekster exclaimed testily: “Well, take them for 20 cents.” ‘The goods were measured out and the price was paid. The good woman went into the house confi- dent that she had swindled the huckster man, while the huckster shock hands with himself Decanse he had swindled tae woman. When persons propose to down a professional huchster they have undertaken a contract that would be almost too large for any individual or jon of individuals to accomplish. ‘They won't down worth a cent. A buckster starts out in the morning with the deliberate combina intention of cheating every person who has anything to do with him, and he will work as hard to swindle a poor woman out of five cents as if it was £5. At the eame time he will look as pious as a Methodist preacher. -— s00 Written for The Evening Star. Suspicion. © worm Suspicion! Dost thou come to bite And blast the fairest bloom in Friendship’s bower? Despised vocation! With what fateful power Thos crawiest round where shadows dim the light, Feeding on cobwebs, while with fatal bli Intecting what thou durst not to devour. Ane wilt thou mow approach this tender flower ‘That feeds and cheers my soul and charms my sight? May Heaven forfend! The love that now doth tt by me beloved, and mine, ist mount from grouud to heavenward plane ond the skill of earth-bred worms to gain. igotntag shall love's flower still be found Unwitherest by Suspicion’s subtle wound. CARLETON EMERSON SNELL, —t0e ht of Gold Coin. From Chambery Journal It has long been generally recognized that « large proportion of sovereigns and a still larger. of half sovereigns are below the legal current weight. Successive chancellors of the ex- chequer, who ate also masters of the mint in conjunction with that office, have either evaded the ‘lifficult problem altogether or suggested some’siich uupopular solution as clipping the half sovereign to pay for the sovereign. The present government, however, has made special inquiry into the condition of the gold In the early part of 1888 all gold coins taken at 300 of the principal post offices in Great Britain and Ireland on a specified day were forwarded to the mint, where they were carefully examined as to azo and weight. The result, together with other inv tions on the same subject. was included in the mint report for 1889. Therein the deputy mas- ter ostimates that out of a total gold circula- tion in this country of 162,500,000 pounds the [total value of the light coins is 52,625,000 pounds, or more than 50 per cent. This shows 8 deticiency of 404.390 pounds, which, however, | = not surprising, when it ie remeiabered that the life of a sovereign is estimated to bo bat nineteen years, and that of a half sovereign nly nine. and at the same time there has been 10 general withdrawal of light gold for forty- five years. At any rate this experiment afforded abundant proof that prompt measures were necessary. Accordingly the coinage act proviled that all pre-Vietorian gold @hould bo which aro left uneov- | exchanged by the mint for ite nominal value, rally or-jand on the 22d of November, 1890, a royal roclamatio: tion announced that ali gold coin of former reign would cease to be legal tender tu the United Kingdom after the 28th of feb- | amall ruary, 1891. ‘The total amount withdrawn by these means was 2.468,143 pounds, and the total latter disclose @ | value of the deficiency on these cuins in weight we of our fair dames | and fineness proved to be £51,299, 14 shillings, They look upon nature as | 3 pence, or a mean total cost to the exchequer ARMING FOR FLOWERS, An Industry of the Fature tn This Country Perhaps —Perfames aud Pomades. (LOWER FARMING IS AN INDUSTRY TO the development of which in this country the Department of Agriculture looks forward with hopeful confidence. At present the United States is an enormous buyer from France of co- jogne waters, poma:les and perfumed oils, which might just as well be produced domestically. Many great districts at a moderately high alti- tude between the thirtieth and fortieth parallels of latitude are excellently adapted to this sort of horticultural pursuit on a commercial scale, ‘and the only reason why it has not already been taken up and pushed to success seems to be that no one has seriously thought about it. This seems rather surprising, too, in view of the comparative simplicity of the business and of the readiness of opportunities at hand. ‘There is no essential peculiarity of soil or cli- mate in the flower farming region in the south of France which is not reproduced over great extents of territory here. What is required for the purpose is merely an altitude of at least 500 feet above sea level, a calcareous soil, shelter from cold north winds and freedom from the white frosts of lower areas. Attempts hav been made in Florida to raise orange blossoms for market, but their failure was due simply to the circumstance that low-lying lands were selected for their cultivation, trees bearing the edible fruit being used for the purpose. Ex- perience has shown that flowers of all sorts grown high above the sea havea finer and more intense bouquet. ‘ One great advantage which American pro- ducers would ordinarily enjoy is natural moist- ure in plenty, whereas the French are obliged to depend largely upon expensive irrigation. THE SIMPLEST BLOSSOMS PREFERRED. Farms to raise flowers upon, therefore, are plenty enough in the United States. As for the blossoms themselves, they are of the sim- plest possible varieties, and the rearing of them requires noexceptional skill. The French cultivators eschew all fancy varieties in this sort of work. ‘Their violets are of the single kind; their roses are of the common pink sort, such as grow about farm houses in the rural districts of ¢! country; their tuberoses and white jasmines are of the plainest description. They find the plain ones best for their pur- pose, because they have the sweetest smell and most of it. In “adorning the rose” horticu!- turists have let go some of its delightful odor, and a portion of its perfume has been with- drawn from the violet incidentally to the pro- cexs of “doubling” its petals. Thus it would appear that there can be no difficulty about raising the flowers. ‘The va- riety needed ix not large. Jonquils, violetsand mignonette mature in February, March and April. In May and June roses ‘and orange blossoms, with thyme and roacmary, are gath- ered. Jasmines und tuberoses come along in July and August, lavender and spikenard in September, and acacia in October and Nowem- ver. ‘The harvest time lasts for nine months in the year, during which in France buyers go about in wagons from plantation to plantation, purchasing crops at whatever may be the cur- Tent rates. Koxes, of course, are the most im- portant product. and after they have been Picked the bushes are cut down nearly to the ground, in order to keep their vigor from going to leaves and to preserve it for next season's blossoms. All flowers are gathered as early in the morning as possible, so as to have them as fresh and as strong of perfume as may be. The thyme and rosemary are raised mostly by farm- ers in other lines of agricultural industry, who usually possess the simple apparatus necessary for distilling the plante: ‘Such essences as they produce are of an inferior sort, and are utilized chiefly to adulterate the better kinds, MADE INTO PERFUMES. Now, the transforming of the flowers, once grown and picked, into marketable perfumes and pomades is not an affair requiring great skill. You can do the thing yourself on « small scale if you havea garden. Take a frame like a window sash, holding a single pane of glass, wash the glass carefully and cover both sides of it with a thin layer of grease made of two parts of lard and one of tallow. Pick off the petals of alot of roses or violets, throwing the rest of the flowers away, and lay them over the greaee. Have a dozen such frames, thus prepared, and stack them up by laying them evenly on top of one another. Thus you will have asezies of closed chambers, each containing a layer of flower petals between a floor and a ceiling of grease. Fat or oil of any kind has astrong affin- ity for perfumes, and so the greate absorbs the smell of theviolets or roses. Put indresh petals every day, and at the end of two or three months the grease will be intensely impregnated with the odor of the flowers. Scrape it off the lass then and putitin alcohol. The latter Easan afinity for’ the perfume even stronger than that which the grease possesses, so it will quickly absorb it from the grease and, upon pouring the alcohol off into another ‘vessel You will have exquisite eau de cologne. That is precisely the way in which the French manufacture their cologne waters The grease scraped from the glass frames, which is caled pomade, is packed in tin cans and sent to the cities, where it is treated with alcohol. After- ward, for the eake of the scent which it still retains, it is employed as an ingredient of soaps. All the proccsses are performed at fac- tories to which the flowers bought from the farmers are taken. Careful manipulation, scrupulous cleanliness, and the understanding of a few simple rules are all that is required. Women do the work almost wholly, and here, it is urged, might be found a great ‘field for the employment in « light and agreeable occu; tion of wage earners of the gentler sex in this country. For their sake it ix permissiple to hope that the time is not far distint when this industry will be taken up in the United States, and Uncle Sam wili no longer look to foreign parts for his perfume and pomade. ae es FATTENED ON THE SPANISH FLY. A Bird Said to Be a Morsel Which Once Eaten is Always Longed for Afterward. From the New York Sun. “You would scarcely suppose that a bird which fattens itself on an insect that will raise a blister on your flesh almost as quick as a coal of fire will would be much of a table luxury, would you?” inquired the learned grocer of 8th avenue as he hooked a mackerel out of the kit for a consumer. “Few people up north ever heard of the bird, I guess, much less ever tasted one, but every one knows the Spanish fly. A fly blister used to be as common as colic, and some folks used to say that it was easy to loco any one if you could get him to eat anything that a Spanish fly had been put into. But maybe you don't know what it is to loco any one. Well. the old darkey hoodoo doctors of the south will tell you that if you want to make agirl love youall you have to do is to put some part of @ Spanish fly into ‘an apple or ice cream or an oyster stew or any- g you treat her to, and_ that when she eats ruit or the dish she'll be crazy after you. what they call being locoed. I don't know whether the Spanish fly will do that or not, but uo one ever tasted one of these birds I am speaking of without being crazy for them ever after, and they don’t feed on anything ex- cept Spanish flies in the season when the bird is sought for food. I don't say ttt people who ‘eat them are locoed by the birds, but maybe they are. “| never saw these birds anywhere except in southern Louisiana, but I suppose they abound wherever the Spanish fly is plentiful. The Dird is called the papabote, and folks who know say it belongs to the plover family. It is of the size of the woodcock, with sober gray plumage andashort, hard bill. ‘The comin of the Spanish fly on the foliag x ties that it frequents is sudden and mysterious. Nobody knows whence it comes or whither it ocs. It disappears as mysteriously as it comes. bf is one of the most destructive insects that lives, as it comes in countless myriads and de- yours ravenously growing vegetable plants. ‘The papsbote comes with the tly, remains until it disappears and consumes untold millions of the insects, The virds grow so tat that they are just balls covered with feathers, and when before the gun of the sportsman they nedciabis burst open like overripe fruit. The hunter who goes out with his dog and ough, with the expectation of filling bis Gag’ afterthe regulation n methods of the scientific gunner, will return without his for the papabote is the shyest of birds, un can be approached within gun shot in ‘only one way, for, unlike all well-known game birds, it will not crouch to the a, a. The bird is heavy of wing, and probably for that reason rises in flight long before the hun- ter is within range. It can be shot in no way considered but must be ap- hed by meane of & horse and wagon. The bird wil permit « horee to walk up close to it, and in ons the hunters ‘the footing ney uring the season 7 coting pave. mg pe Davee’ for’ taishet thio sald that thice ig Seco tnend a papehotn, Sobsoed ca, ies, the did’ not have am irresistible inclination for ‘more.’ SANDS THAT SING AND BARK. Carious Sounds Which Have Pazsled Scien- tints S¢Q)NE OF THE MOST INTERESTING OF natural cariosities is the ‘barking ean’ om an island called Kauai, in the Hawaiian group,” said a scientist who had been there toa Star reporter. “Along the south shore of the islandare many cavernous sand dunes, some of them towering to the height of more than 100 fect. One of the tallest of these is particularly sym- metrical, being in the form of a truncate: cone. It is situated about 100 yards from the sea, and the sand on itstop and on its landward elope Possesses remarkable properties. “The grains of the sand deing nearly spheri- eal, it moves readily by their rolling when dry. When slightly disturbed on the side of the dune it rolls in little waves down the in- cline, emitting as it does so a deep and tremu- lous note, somewhat like the barking of a dog. though it has also been compared to the hum of «big buzz saw. If a person disturbs the sand with hand or foot he can feel tho vibra- tion which produces the sound. The noise made by a considerable mass of it moving downward has been heard fifty yards away. “An even more striking effect is obtained by clapping some of the sand between the hands, which produces a slight hoot-like sound. ‘The same sort of noise can be greatly intensified, however, by putting a quautity ina bag and slamming it about. A sack of the sand will re- tain its sonorous properties for several months if not too frequently experimented with, but eventua loses this attribute. The single dune I speak of is the only one that bas the hooting or barking sand. “The native Hawaiians attribute the noises of the sand to the spirits of the dead, who rumble at being disturbed—a notion arising | rom the fact that sand dunes have been and are to this day commonly used for burial places, as may be seen from the numerous well-bicached skulls and skeletons to be found in such localities, “““Singing’ or ‘barking’ sands are found in many parts of the world, the beac! Manches- ter, N. H., being a famous locality for them. Scientific men have puzzled over the phenom- enon for ever solong and with resulta of doubt- ful certainty. The acoustic quality does not depend upon the material evidently, inasmuch as the Hawaiian sands are wholly carbonate of lime, while those of Manchester and elsewhere are silex. It iy believed at prosent that the sonorousness is due to thin films of gases con- densed and deposited upon the surfaces of the sand grains during ae evaporation after wetting by the sea or by rains. By virtue of these films the grains are separated from one another by elastic cushions of condensed gases, capable of considerable vibration. ‘The very thicknesses of such films have been approxi- mately determined.” a George Eliot's Manuscripts. From the Atheneum. Her earlest work, “Scenes of Clerical Life,” is, we believe, in the hands of Mr. Blackwood, the publisher, but with this exception the whole of her novels are included in the collec- tion in the British Museum, together with “Spanish Gypsy.” “Jubal” and “Theophrastus Such,” all written entirely in her neat and legible hand, just as they ‘were sent to press. To judge from its generally unsviled cond ition, the printers must have been enjoined to treat the “copy” with unusual care, and, as soon as the complete manuscript of each work was re- turned to the author, her habit was to have it bound up, and give it to George Henry Lewes, with an inscription prefixed. These’ inscrip- tions, varying in terms, but all expressing the deepest affection, have @ special interest of their own, aud the ultimate destination of the manuscripts, when, on the death of G. H. Lewes, in 1878, they came back to the donor, may have been determined as much by her di sire thus to perpetuate the memory of their mutual devotion as by any other considera- tions. Failing “Scenes of Clerical Life,” the Museum series begins with * The inserip- tion here, which, with some of the others, has been partially printed by Mr. J. W. Cross in corge Eliot's Lite,” is as follows: ‘To my dear husband, George Henry Lewes, I give this manuscript of a work which would never have been written but for the happiness which his love has conferred on my life.”— Marian Lewes, March 23, 1359. “The first volume was written at Richmond, the second at Munich and Dresden, the third at Richmond again. The work was begun on the 22d October, 1857, and finisned on the 16th November, 1858. A’ large p written twice, though often, scarcely at ail, altered in the copy:ng, but other parts only once, and among these a’ description of Dinah and a good deal of her sermon, the love scene between her and Seth, ‘Hetty’s World,’ most of the scene in the two bed chambers, the talk between Arthur and Adam, various parts in the second volume, which 1 and in the third Hetty's journe fession and the cottage scenes.”” What the author remarks with regard to “Adam Bede” was, to all appearance, equally the case in her other works. The amount of correction in the manuscripts is comparatively small and unimportant. Here and there short Passages arc struck out or inserted, an expres- sion is modified, a sentence is differently turned or words are transposed; but the impression given on the wholo is that of » writer whose story, dialogue and all, whatever process it went through in the mind, flowed treely from the rete oace set down, needed little revision. ith Mr. Cross’ “Life” to refer to, it is superfluous to quote the author's sue- cessive tributes to the man with whom, in spite of obloguy, she was content to link ‘her life. Room, however, may be found for two that are typical, and the latter of which Mr. Cross doos not give. ‘Thus in “‘Romola” she writes, (1863 : To the Husband whose perfect Love hus been the best source of her insightand strength this Manuscript is given by his devoted wife, the writer;” and again, 11 years later, in “Subs “Tomy beloved husband, George Henry Lewes, whose cherishing tenderness for 20 years hae alone made my work possible to me. And the last parting now began to send Diffusive dread through love and wedded bliss, ‘Thrilling them into finer tenderness. ‘May, 1874. ——_—_~+e+—_____ A Thirty-eight Pounder. From **On the St. Lawrence” of Ci ayton. N. Y. Yesterday George 8. Carter and W. A. Mit- chell of Washington, D. C., passed the day on the water and cams back with the white flag floating from a staff in the bow of the boat, the-signal thats muscallonge had boen cap- tured. A member of the staff was in company with the victors and shared the honors in another boat, anda more exciting play may not be his lot to see in many a day. The vic- tors were trolling and Mr. Carter announced a strike, at which Mr. Mitchell joked. The short pote Dont slowly av if the hooks bad snagged. en the line spyn out sidewive and Mr. excitedly began to pull in. The line slippo through his ‘tingers and made the water fly. Mr. Mitchell stood up. The guide sat him down as the line was put in hix hands. He juiled in abont twenty feet, lost his hold and The line spun out as if shot from a.gun, Again Mr. Carter cangit up the line, and, facing the ame, began pulling in the line vigorously, the oat rocking furiously meantime. “Holp, help! Mitch.,” he hoarsely whi i and in a moment the two Washingtonians were tumbling over each other in their efforts to get the game alongside. ‘Ihe big fellow shot out into the air full ten fect, and this #0 paralyzed the two fishers that again the line fell free and the wale like a streak of smoke. The guide caught up the receding line and dextrously brought the game home, and. pass- ing the line back he reached for club and sevop. ‘The muscallonge was getting winded and so was his captors, but the plucky fellow ve a lunge and passed under the boat. AM itchell was only kept from taking a head after the fish by Mr. Carter's helng to his belt. At this the guide, swearing he would drown them both, sat them down again, hatless and in a flood of perspiration. “save him and there is $5—G10—815 in it,”” shouted Carter. ‘Yes, save him and its $40," addod Mitchell, and they appealed to the guide in mute despair. The fish came to the surface and with astrong all of the oar the guide sent his handsome Doat within reach, then club and scoop did the rst. There was a calm such as follows astorm, then acheer went 2. that echoed and re- echoed until the Canadians prepared for another Fenian attack. Nearly three-quarters of an hour was consumed in the battle, and the big fellow went thirty-eight pounds plump. “Thoy wore here s minute ago. I guess wong wtb ac essworsdine Sinton, SOME FACTS ABOUT CITRON. An Agricultural Industry of the Puture— How the Fruit is Prepared. HE CULTIVATION OF THE CITRON IS 8 growing industry in California and Florida, and the timo is likely to arrive beforo many years when the large demand for the fruit in this country will be supplied by domestic pro- duction. The citron figures in one of the prettiest of fairy stories, where the hero, who is, of course, & prince, is given three magic citrons, with very particular instructions as to the manner in which ho is to use them. In obedience to these, he seeks « spring of pure water, aud there with a silver knife cuts one of the citrons. Im- mediately a beautiful young woman appears and asks for a drink, but the prince isso dumb- founded that he stands motionless and she dis- appears. Presently he cuts the second citron, and at once agirleven fairer than the first stands before him demanding a cup of water. Again he is too slow, being flabbergasted, so to ik, at the sight of such charms, and she, too, ‘snishes. After lamenting and’ cursing his folly, he cuts the third citron and instantly fiver a drink to the fairy who eppears ecomes hiv bride thereupon, after some re- markable adventures, and the two reign bap- ily together over the kingdom of wild oxts. ich fairy citrons, good for a lovely young woman apiece, do not grow nowadays, alas! But the ordinary fruit affords a very delicio condiment, and, therefore, there is interest in adescription of its preparation for market, which the Department of Agriculture has pub- lished for instruction of growers in the United States. Of course it is the thick rind only that is utilized. ‘o begin with, the fruit ie cut in halves and laced in casks filled with » strong solution of rine. In this shape it is delivered by the growers at the manufactory. ‘THE DIFFERENT PROCESSES. The first process to which it is then subjected is the separation of the pulp from the rind. This is done by women, who, seated around a large vessel, take out the fruit, skillfully gouge out the inside with a few rapid motions of the forefinger and thumb, and throwing this aside, Jace the rinds unbroken in a vessel alongside. he rinds are next carried to big casks filled with fresh cold water, in which they remain immersed for two or three days, the object be- ing to rid them of the salt they ‘have absorbed. ‘The rinds upon being taken out of the casks are boiled in a eopper caldron to make them tender and to extract from them the last trace of rat. This process performed, the peel sufiiciently soft to absorb the sugar rea from the sirup in which they are next put. This is the most important part of the operation. It requires eight days, because the absorption of the sugar must be very slow in order to be thorough. Each batch of rinds must be soaked in eight sirups of different strengths. The first day they are put into a great earthen jar containing a weak solution of sirup: the next day they have a stronger solu- tion poured upon them, and so on to the eighth dav, at the end of which they are ready for a second boiling. This is done for an hour ina copper vessel filled with sirup of extra strength, over a slow coke fire. Taken off the tire, the vessel is carried to a big wooden trough, over which is spread a coarse wire netting. ‘The contents are poured upon this and the sirup permitted to drain off them. Now it is considered that the peel has tuken up as much sugar as is necessar: Next comes the final process, which is the candying of the surface of the peel with a layer of sugar crystals. To effect this, a quantity of crystallized sugar is dissolved in’ water, and in the solution the pecls are again boiled.’ A few minutes suitice for this last operation, the water evaporating and the sugar forming its natural crystals over the rinds. Once more the latter are dried on the wire netting, whereupon the product is finished. Last of all, the candied peel is carried to the packing room in shallow baskets and put up carefully by women in boxes for shipment. eS naka FIGHTING A AD WOLF. A Dangerous Guest Hidden can House, From the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. My room was at the end of along hall. I was familiar with every crook and turn about the house and didn’t need light, so I passed into my room and closed the door. It occurred to me then to take a smoke, so I felt around in the dark and found a cigar and struck a match to light it. The next minute I think you could have knocked me down with a feather. Away down in the darkness under the bed two fiery eyes shono out like burning coals just for that brief moment that the match was burning and then it went ou}. Before I had time to think the creature was upon me and was springing for my throat, the most savage animal I had ever met. Ifelt rather than saw wha: it was, ‘The crenture was a wolf, and it was mad. Several animals afflicted with hydrophobia had been seen in the neighborhood during the past few months. There is no animal more formidable than a wolf when it has rabies, and I knew with what I had to contend. I had to struggle with a large wolf shut up in a dark room and that the slightest wound from its sharp teeth meant certain and horrible death tome. As it came to me first I threw out my hands and by some good fortune happened to strike its neck. I got both my hands about its throat and mi d to_hold it away from my face, but it was all that I could do. I was nervous, I suppose, and the wolf was far stronger than it would have been under or- dinury circumstances. ‘The froth wasdripping from its mouth and flew into my face as it struggled. It was the most desperate struggle of my life just to hold that wolf and keep it from my tuce and throat, at which it constantly leaped in the most furious manner. All the time, from the moment it sprang at me first, I had been shouting and calling at the top of m: voice. ‘There was very little hope of doing any good with it, as the servants were too fur away, and my room was on the opposito side of the house from their quarters, but that was the only chance. It was very evident that I couldn’t let go my hold for an instant. It was just as evident that I couldn't hold out this way long, and that un- less help eame after awhile my etrength would eventually give way and the wolf couid tear my throat, as it was struggling then to do. Aud low long do you think this kept up? For two hours—for two mortal hours by the clock—I stood there fighting for my life with the savage wolf and shouting for help every moment of the time. A hundred times I thought my strength was gone and that my arm would surely sink down powerless the next moment, and yet always manage to hold him off a little longer. At last, just as I was almost in complete dospair, one of the servants was aroused by m continued shouting, and came running wi his gun in his bund. Imanaged to hold the wolf until he made a light, and then I held him while the man put the muzzle of his gun against the wolf's head and killed him as de as Hector. And then I went to my sister’ room and had a spell of something that would have been hysterics if I had been a woman. Leing © man it was nothing but acase of nervous prostration. ——_+e-—___— A Child's Laugh’ All the bells of heaven may ring, All the birds of heaven may sing, All the wells on earth may spring, All the winds on earth may bring: All sweet sounds together; Sweeter far than all things heard, Hand of harper, tone of bird, Sound of woods at sundawn atirred, ‘Welling water's winsome word, Wind in warm wan weather. = New Mexi- One thing yet there is that none Hearing ere Its chime be done Kno. jot well the sweetest one Heard of men beneath the sun, Hoped in heaven hereafter; Soft and strong and loud and light, Very sound of very light ing’s rosiest height, Heard from the morn! ‘When the soul of all delight Fills a child’s clear laughter. Golden bells of welcome rotted Never forth such notes, nor told Hours so blithe in tones so bold As the radiant mouth of Here that rings forth heaven. If the golden-crested wren ‘Were a nightingale—why, then ‘Somet! secn and heard of men ‘Might ve half as sweet as when ‘Laughs a child of seven. —A. G. Swrvsuans. Woman's Rights in Australia. From the Pall Mall Gazette. “The revolt of woman,” as lately exemplified in our law courts, has now spread to the Anti- odes, where s wife has just admitted to the FUNNY EELS IN PASTE. ‘The Question How They Got There—Vinegar Eels a Foot Long. IS NOT SO VERY LONG,” SAID A scientist the other day, “since it was an ‘accepted belief that living creatures low down in the scale of existence were brought into being under certain conditions by what was called spontaneous generation—in other wortls, that, like Topey, they ‘just growed,’ without starting from any germs in particular. This wax supposed to happen when flour and water were mixed together, for example, and per- mitted to stand for a while. Paste somade will quickly develop swarms of little animals, the surface being covered with small wrigglers re- sembling eels in shape. Not tho slightest in- dication of life ean be found in the mixture when freshly made, and yet buta short time elapses before it is filled with active organisms, whose term of being is only brought toa close when the material on which they feed is en- tirely consumed. It is not surprising that the observation of such a familiar phenomenon should have given rise to the mistaken notion I refer to. “These little eels are very curious things in- deed. They are amazingly prolific, not only laying eggs, but bringing forth their young alive also. it has been discovered that there are four distinct varieties of them developed in paste. How did they got there to begin with is the question, which has been satisfactorily red by the very simple explanation that their egzs, set afloat by evaporation ways blowing about in the air, like the ger of countless other species ‘of animalcul Some of them fall into the paste, which affords & suituble feeding ground for’ the creatures when hatched and they very quickly form a colony there. “If you will put a small quantity of good vinegar into a wine glass and examine it with the naked eye under a strong light you will find the fluid filled with slender thread-like bodies in rapid motion. These are the ecls of vineger, which, when viewed under the micro- @ found to be longer and more active @ paste eels, though notso thick. They can be seen to great advantage by inclosing « drop of tho liquid between two pieces of glass and casting an image of it magnified by the solar microscope upon a large screen, when hundreds of eels, each apparently more than 8 foot m length, will be seen crossing and re- crossing the surface and darting and twisting in every direction. Their motions are evi- dently quickened by the glare of the sunlight that falls upon thom through the lenses and which they try to shun.” —— OLD AND NEW ROSES. Popular Favorites and Some That Oucht to Have Remained Such, From the Garden and Forest. The large-flowered roses, now so popular, are highly ornamental, yet some of the smaller flowered varieties are equally useful in their way, and, for certain purposes, are most ap- propriate. Among these Bon Silene continues to hold high rank, and is etill the most sati factory mall pink rose for indoor use, while Douglass, an old rose of the Bengal class, producing crimson buds of about the same size, is its worthy companion. Both of these are among the sturdiest of growers, and will give a succession of bloom through the whole season, the flow- ers being much improved in substance when grown cool. Duchesse de Brabant is also &@ good pink, though when growing strongly the flowers ‘are often produced in clusters. These three rores may be grown for several years without replanting if they are plaecd in ‘a solid bed, the Bon Silene particularly giving better flowers the secoud season than the first. It is also benefited by moderately hard pruu- ing. Young roses of recent planting should now be growing away freely in order to be in good condition for the winter, and some care in ing is quite necessary during the muagey that often prevail in’August, for the routs will not have spread very far as yet in the new soil, and they are easily discouraged by too mnch moisture at their new roots. Thorough veutilation is essential, not only in the day, butalso at night, for jong, sappy growth is generally undesirable. If space can be spared for such purpose a strong plant of Marechal Neil, trained on wires attached to the roof of the green house, may be made to produce large crops of flowers, if its roots are under control so that the plant can be given a season of rest. It seems almost a pity that this rose is a cropper in blooming, though its immense golden flowers are of sucli beauty aa to be well worth looking for, even though they have the ‘dislvantage of Laving very weak stems. Another old rose that is seldom seen of late years is Caroline, a tea rose of very good form and fair size. It is light pink in color, the buds being long and pointed, while in habit it re- sembles Niphetos, and, like the lntter, will give the best satisfaction when grafted on Lamarque. Among the hybrid perpetuals for early spring flowering in pots Eugenie Verdier should not be overlooked, its silvery pink flowers being culiarly attractive; in fact, 1t is one of the est of the Verdier type. Some discussion has been carried on among rose growers as to the necessity or advisubility of packing the soil tightly in the benches in which roses are plauted, and the correct method seems to depend upon the character of the soil. In some localities the soil is more linble to become too hard than too loose, and consequently it does not need very much pres- sure in planting, while in other instances it may be an improvement to compact the soil by pres- sure with a brick or block of wood after piant- in, ‘The application of fertilizers to young roses should be made with caution, for if overdone the soil may become soured, to the scrious in- jury of the crop, but, as much depends on the character of the scilused, the question of ma- nuring must be decided by the circumstances of the individual grower. Among the newer roses we find another Duch- ess that is very highly recommended, namely, Duchess of Leeds, a hybrid perpetual, described as “a highly colored La France,” but said to be luite distinct from Duchess of Albany. It is claimed for this rose, too, that it lasts well when cut; but as this newcomer has not yet been tested to any extent in this country it is too soon to pass upon its merits. A new tea, Mrs. James Wilson, is also spoken of in England. Its color is pale lemon yellow, with rosy margins, and in shape, size and growth it is gaid greatly to resemble Catherine Mermet. Ernest Metz apparently did not strike the popular fancy to any great extent as adark pink tea, and has not proved able to compete with others of purer color, and consequently but little is heard of it now. ‘The future of Waban seems aseured from the favorable reports received from all sides upon this fine sprout from Mermet, and it has been planted in large quantities by the leading cut- Rower growers to supply the market. far the coming winter. ‘There is apparently but little change among the hybrid perpetuals planted for winter use, except the improvement made in quality of flowers producedand the favorites of former years, such as Mrs. John Luing. “ . Mme. Gabriel Luizet, Heinrich Schuitheis, Ulrich Brunner, and Anna de Diesbach, will doubtless ‘continue among the most popular. Gambler Wells’ System. ‘Monte Carlo Dispatch to London Papers. Tho Englishman Wells, who had so ex- traordinary © run of inck last week at the gaming tables here, winning over £20,000 at roulette, continues to be favored by the same good fortune. Findi the luck turning against him, be bad the pru- dence to quit table at which he had assiduously “punting” day after day from the opening of the Casino till its close. Before leaving the building, however, he risked a few stakes at another game—trente-ct- quarante—and, winning each, continued to play Sil he had further inoreased his gains by the sum of 160,000 francs, or close upon £6. Mr. Wella, at trente-et-quarante, follows the same system that proved so successful in his case at roulette—the famous coup des trom— that is to say, following the luck till he hus won thrice in succession, and then withdrawing the accumulated stake.’ People here and at Nice are talking of nothing but his marvelous suc- cess. luck again favored Mr. Wells She unclosed the rosy portals of speech and 7 answored “No. mw any other dog "ind smother Adeal was smashed FIBERS MADE OF QUAR:Z Compared With Their Thinness Those of Sik amd Other Substances Are Nowhere, 64 PEOPLE COMMONLY SPEAK OF A hair as representing the utmost conceiv- ‘able finenoss,” said a physicist to a Sran writer, “but a copper wire can be spun much finer, 80 that its diameter will be little more thane ono-thousandth of an inch. “With span glase you can even excel the copper wire in point of thinness, mnking it | loss than one one-thousandth of an inch thick. | Howover, silk fiberis finer by far than spun gia: jean be mado. Each fiber of « silk codoon is only one two-thousandth of an inch thick. | “Bat suppose that you want something finer than hair, or drawn copper, or spun glass, or eilk fiber, you can get it by melting quartz @ *@ ran oxy-hydrogen blowpipe and pulling it oat. So ane is the result obtainable that | lengths of quartz fiber can be thus procured | many yards long and not more than one five- | thousandth of an inch in thickness. Yet those | are coarse beside other which you can get from the same material, which may be drawn out toa diameter that has beon estimated at | one-millionth of an inch. Such pipes can be made in this way, but they are invisible under the microscope of the highest power. You can get a notion of their fincness when the fact is | Siated thatan inch cube of quartz drawn out | to this degree would go around the world 658 | times. To put it otherwise, a grain of sand | barely large enough to be visible to the naked ve would make 1,000 miles of thread. The finest of such fibers is stronger in proportion to ite thickness than the best quality of bar steel. “Such §ninute figures, however, cannot be dealt with with comprehension. Suppose, therefore, that you draw your quartz fibers to the thickness of one fifteenth-thousandth part ofaninch. That is comparatively coarse, but if you were to teko 100 of them and twist them | into a bundle you would produce a cable of | the diameter of @ single silk worm’s thread. I do not mean the sili for sewing that is wound upon a reel, for that is com of an enor- mous number of such thi but of the fiber 4s it is wound from the cocoon. “It is an interesting experiment to make imitation spider webs from these quartz fibers. The thing is easy enough to do, and it is read- ily potible to coax s epider from the real web to the false one by the buzzing of a fly. It is not readily able to make a fly buzz Just 80 a8 to pro the result aimed at, but the object in view is accomplished in s moruent making an ordinary tuning fork buzz again the web. Immediately the spider jumps for the imaginary fly, and your purpose is accom- Plishiod. "Unfortunately Mistress Arachnid is | not able to climb about without great dificulty upon the artificial web, because it is so slip- pery. ‘The web will not cuteh flies, either. for the reason that itis not sticky, as is that made by aspider, but you can make it sticky by stroking the quartz fibers lightly with wet with castor oil, and then the web will cap- ture flies like a real one. “If you will examine such fibers under a | microscope you will observe that they exhibit the most beautiful coloring. You can make bubbles out of the quartz, too, which have all the perfection of torm and rainbow tinting that is josseesed by the soap bubbles blown with @ pipe.” | ee O14 Friends. “Old friends are best!” Yet not too old or one, I do not seek Within my eager arms to fol A forma long since antique. painted Pompadour, hre nil of tweuty-two of four, Is old enough for me. —Life. Haney Rowe. The Right Arm and Left Foot. From the St. Lou's G!obe-Domocrat. The right arm is always «little larger than the left, but tho left foot is almost always larger than the right, presumably because, while nearly every man uses his right arm to lifta weight or strike a blow, he almost in- variably kicks with his left foot, while the lounger stands on his left log and lets his right fall easily, because he has learned by experience that this is the best attitade he can assume to prevent lassitude and fatigue. ‘This constant ring of the weight on the left foot makes it wider than the right, and it often happens that @ man who tries ou a shoe on the right foot and gets a close fit has to discard the shoes alto- gether because he cannot endure the pain caused by the tightness of the left. If when riding on a street car yoa will teke the trouble | horror was lacking to make th | underwriters to NEW YORK NOTES Metropolitan Talk and Thonght About the Great Disaster. GOTHAM WONEYCONRED WITH ROTTEN @TRDC TURES THE REARTRENDING SCENES ENACTED AT PAKK PLACE—SOME MIRACULOUS BSCAPES— WHO WAS To BLAME—THE RELIEF FUND. Special Correaponden-> of The Kvenins Star New Yorx, August 27, 1891. HERE HAS BEEN BUI ONE TOPIC OP talk and thought this week— the unparal- Jeled ca'amity in Park place. No clement of complete, and the worst of it perhaps has been the sustained and even growing terror of the disaster. It is something to have an agony over and past, but in this case each day has magnified and intensl- fied the disaster. It was noon on Saturday when the building fell, and even now as I write there are solid masses of people fastened by the Awful magnetism of the scene to every spot which commands @ view of that terrible gap 1 the building line. Thousands have been standing in the mud, t and rain, day after day and night after night. looking on the horrors that came one after another out of that biackened and emok- ing pit or waiting with the silent patience of dread expectation for the next terrible item to appear. Pty few hours have gone up from those w MORBID BUT YET NATURAL cRtostry. To witness this awful tragedy not ouly have the streets which afford a view been crowded night and day by thousands, but every window and balcony is filled with «pectators gazing e horrid. trananc it = easy to condemn th orbid. « yet itis hardly fs it, There is in the « ndemn aud dismes — something thet touches our common humanity too y to be thus turned aside. The great majority of people who look on, hour after hour, them- selves are exposed to the same dangers which Howed up a hundred unfortunate victime. Their tate might y have been the same, and itis the “one touch of nature that makes whole world kin” that brings these ewarme of spectators to the edges of this pit of death. THERE ARE SCORES OF BUILDINGS in this town that aro in quite as bad a condi- tion as the structure that fell of its own weight and hundreds, if not thousands, of human be- | ings are daily exposed to just such a frightful fate as came upon the hapless victims of Satur- day's disaster. Hundreds of buildin hae city are overioaded uneafe. Ment are known to be so. acknowledged to b place structure was y the board of tire t that risks on it were age are rated just ae iu th Fosably we shall bave « spasin of vig that will prevent a repetition of the Park place disaster tor a time, but more likely nothing will be done beyond some vigor- ous but empty talk. I know of a fire insurance agent who visited the barber's shop im the basement of the doomed building that very day and ¢ a pol doubled, w ing. He had not left the shop five minutes before his prudence was awiully verified, for the building had fallen in NUMENOUS NARROW ESCAPPS. The place where the accitent occurred was one of the most crowded on the swarming island and the time was one of the busiest im the day. That being #0 the number of narrow escapes, of which I have given one example, is almost beyond computation. It seems as if everybody had cither just been the or was just about to doso. f myself passed and repussed that immediate locality within baif an hour before the disaster. One of the narrowest escapes was that of Mr. E. J. Ed- wards, the newspaper correspondent, who ie well remembered in Washington. He and his wife and one of his children wore passing through Park place on their way to Washing- ton market and had just crossed Greenwich street, about fifty fect bey ond the edifice, when they were stunned by the crash, and looking back saw the street a smoking ruin, ‘The papers are filled of course with similar anecdotes, some of them as marvelous as the escapes we read of on the battleticld. Two pa- trons of the restaurant left their untasted meal to notice, you will see that in iaced shoes the gap is much smaller on the right foot than on the left, while with button shoes the buttons have to be set back ten times on the left shoe to once on the right. ——— eo —____ The Apple Woman's Yarn; or, on Fogarty's Beat. From Puck. through their hurry to catch a suburban train. Another fortunate youngster was sent out on some trivial errand around the corner and came back to find the building in ruins. On the other hand we have some very pathetic stories of those whose fate led them - bly to the buildipg. One euch case was of Zowns girl whose tuother begged ler to way at ome that day. but who anid «le must get a pair of shoes and could not spare the time from work, and #0 went to her death. Wito 18 TO BLAME? Now that the first shudder is over, the ques tion of responsibility is assuming prominence, and at the very start we get a striking example of human nature, and more especially human selfishness. There have arixen immediately two parties, each, it would seem, governed more by self interest than by a disinterested anxiety to get at the facta. The building insist that the fall of the building was to inherent weakness, which would ine them, but to an explosion. What grounds they Lave for thix theory do not clearly appear, but it ix maintained strenuously. On the other hand, the fire insurance com- panies are a unit in declaring that there was no explosion at all, but that the building fell be- cause it was radically defective. ‘This seems to be nearer the truth, butat the same time we must remember yoy a for the com- my's interest to have terpretation niopted are at once relieved ty for payment. In this quarrel, which reminds one of the proverbial disagree- ment of the doctors over the dying patient, it ix more than possible that we shall never get at the real facts, or at least that they will be clouded in tedious htigation. ‘There is another curious feature to the dis- aster. Generally when the public are shocked by a calamity of this sort there is animmediate _ response of practical sympathy in the shape of subscription, but in the present case all ideas of helpfuiness’ of this sort were utterly for- gotten until the mayor, from his retreat in the country, hearing of the disaster for the first time on Tuesday, telegraphed to bis deputies in the municipal goverument to start such & eubscription. Hix dircctions were immediately followed. but the results as yet are meager. Forty-eight hours ago had such an idea been broached no doubt thousands of dollars would ‘have rolied in for the families who are pros- trated by this blow and whose bread winners now lie beneath the rains or at the morgue. But interest of this sort is lamentably efferves- cent and ephemeral. Perhaps a creditable ‘sum may be raived even yet for the relief of the survivors, but the fund does not start auspic- jously. One reason is that most of the moneyed men are out of town, most of that select com- munity of 5,000 who ure said to it the benevolence of this city of « million and a balf and whose names do appear with « noble perseverance on every list of rescue and help- fulness. fa BUSY STREET 1% CHAOS. Among the requele of this disaster is another item #o characteristic of New York that it should be recorded. Ever since Saturday noon one of the principal strcets of the city bas been absolutely impassable by a mass of rubbish resching a times to the second story windows of the build- ings across the street. ‘It does not seem to beve ible party that the 5 ¢ ‘most completely interrup' principal rendered Of course