Evening Star Newspaper, May 16, 1891, Page 14

a RIVAS IN NICARAGUA. The Nearest Town to the Line of the Canal On the Pacific Side. A PERFECT GARDEN SPOT. Beautiful Estates and Great Fields of Cattle— Wonderful Productiveness of the Ground— Primitive Ways of Doing Things—A Visi te an Indigo Plantation. Special Correspondence of The Evening Star. Rivas, Nrcarava, April 23, 1891. NE MAY TRAVEL OVER THE ENTIRE extent of Nicaragua and, arriving at Rivas, pronounce this the garden spot of the country. Indeed, while the town numbers but ten or twelve thousands of inhabitants, the surround- ing region is of the nature of s scattered vil- lage, so thickly is it settled for many miles in every direction. Traveling on any of the road approaching it one scarcely loses sight of one tile-roofed or cane-thatched house, half hid amid a group of banana, orange, plantain and other fruit trees, before another abode comes in view. A quiet, contented life is here seen at its best, and it would be hard to imagine, con- sidering the productiveness of thé soil, the prosperity that would exist were a great energy applicd to developing the resources of the place. Rivas is the nearest town of any size to the Tine of the canal on the Pacific side of the coun- try. It is approached from the lake by way of San Jorge, wheres pier is built, extending to deep water. The arrival of the vessel is always anticipated by numerous venders of fruit carved jicaras, &c., they being chiefly girls and women, who form a picturesque group as they squat about the end of the pier by the side of their wares. Here there is always a plentiful supply of fruit. Great clumsy ox carts, with wheels made of a section of a trunk of a tree, are the vehicles used for transporting goods, for as yet there is no railroad in this section of Nicaragua. From the wharf to the town of Rivas is about four miles, and the roM connecting the two is the best that bas been built by the government. Here all im- provements of a public nature are made by the general government, there being no other power for the collection of taxes for such pur- Poses, the entire national revenue being de- rived from the government monoply of the traffic in liquors and tobacco, together with import duties. The road is about 100 feet wide, is graded and bedded with stone and within the year the construction of a tramway has ¥ to Rivas, begun, to run from the wharf the concession for which gives the rigl tend the line to neighboring towns and to Brito on the Pacific. Mr. J.T. Forrest, the projector of this enterprise, is an American. BEAUTIFUL ESTATES ON THR ROAD. On éither side of the road are beautiful es- tates with splendid specimens of cattle grazing within the inclosures. Half a mile from the lake is situated the greater portion of the town of San Jorge, a that has remained for many years absolutely unchanged. The videst itant cannot remember when this or that house was not where and as it is today. Ap- proaching Rivas a large space roofed in is noticed, where rather crude methods are being used in’ the carpenter work that is being car- Tied on. Here all the work of the saw mill is done by hand. Atone place a great log three or four feet in diameter rests upon a trestle several feet above ground. Beneath it isa pit four feet deep, in which stands a man stripped to the waist, while his fellow worker is on the log above him. With slow but regu- lar motions they push and pull a great hand- which is gradually cutting the log into boards, though it takes several weeks to dis- patch such a piece of timber. The wood is of ® variety that would be valuable abroad and which takes high polish. Beneath the shed are as many as a couple of dozen workmen en- ged in getting out material for house build- fegor making handsome pleces of ferniture with the most careful and exact labor. The furniture will show about the same painstaking labor exercised on bidden portions as upon the outside parts. It is heavy in weight and there is no evidence of those little tricks of | work- mansbip, commendable or otherwise, which allow economy in the use of labor and material, Yet produce the sam» appearance. In this country, where the best classes of wood are obtained as readily as cheaper grades, the art of veneering is known only in theory, for it is timber that would be vaiued for such purposes abroad that is here used for nearly t work. ‘THE STREETS OF aIvAs. The street of Rivas are laid out at right an- gles, forty or fifty feet wide, with houses of adobe, tile roofed, the eaves extending out over the narrow sidewalk. There is a lack of bustle ofany kind. The stores have no indication of their character on the outside, though » sign over the doorway announces the name of the proprietor. Within them the goods Nill be found to be of "English, make, American articles bein; Dut rarely met except in the ease of machin. ery, and as yet importations of that char- acter are not large to meet the demand. Even more than the difference in prices, this fact is largely in consequence of the long credit system that is necessary in doing business with merchants in this country.a year's credit being accorded them readily by European houses. Notwithstanding that a tariif is imposed on im- manufactured articles generally cheaper here than in theUnitedStatea. Through the lnck of « mis made through London. Other bindrances to such trade are the difficulties expe- rienced by merchants in getting suitable goods from the states, which want is filled aro~ houses by the manufacture of a speci of merchandise for this trade, and while American firms insist in packing invoices sent here just as they would to send to localities well supplied with railroads the continental firms put them up in bulks of not over 125 whqn required, which facilitates their on on mule back, if such method is necessary. chief cities of tl however, now connected by railroad it is only for the smaller towns that other methods of conveyance have to be resorted to. BULL FIGHTS AND Cock FITS. There are no places of amusement of a the- atrical character, though occasional bull fights and the cock pits form featares of diversion. The club, too, is » popular resort, the main features of which are very similar to those Liquid refreshments are prominent attractions. But for the women of the household GENERAL VIEW OF little outside their own homes that could be | on THE TOWN OF Rivas. form the greater part of their diversion, and they seem to find much to interest them ig the Feligious displays and in the service of the eharel ‘The houses, built without windows, except uch grated openings as the doors have in them, | all have patios, or court yards, as the general living places. “Their meals are taken under the tile covering of the pavements, tropical trees | planted over the grounds lending a protection | from the sun’s rays. In the evening the par- lor is occupied by family and callers. Then the great heavy doorsare swung open to the street and all sit about in the great Venetian rocking chairs that line the sides of the room and are universally the style, being found in eve: house of importance. The conventional ‘CLUB HoUsE. =~ frock coat is the style of the apparel of the ‘men, except on occasions of is, &c., when they don the full dress suit. Dancing is the | universal accomplishment and the young ladies excel in tripping the “light fantastic.” ‘THE COUNTRY PRODUCTIVE. The vicinity of Rivas is one of the most pro- ductive portions of the country for the culture of cacao, and such plantations are found just outside the borders of the town. This product sells for about $0 cents per pound, and so pop- ular is it among the people that the home con- | sumption prevents the exportation of any por- tion of the crop. The cacao or chocointe is chiefly consumed in making tisto, » mixture of that article, ground parched corn and sugar stirred in water. Among all classes this bever- age is used freely, and it is healthful and re- freshing. The cattle industry is the other chief oceupa- tion of the people in this neighborhood and some fine cattle estatesexist. Recently numer- ous importations of breeding stock have tended to improve the character of the stock consider- ably. Rivas is now without a system of water sup- ply and that article is obtained from wells for Purpores. A plan is proposed by an Ameri- can engineer to supply this deficiency. . formulated his plans for a system by which water would be pumped to the town from Lake Nicaragua, through a pipe line four miles long and distributed from a reservoir. As water delivered at houses in carts sells.for 5 cents per jez full it seems that such an_ enterprise would successful. Today women are seen passing through the streets balancing jars of water on their heads and it is only recently that the water cart has begun to ina measure take the place of such methods. VISIT TO AN INDIGO PLANTATION. ‘We made a trip a short time ago to an indigo plantation several miles from Rivas and saw the operation of that interesting and paying industry. Being in the spring, the plant was well matured and the rolling hills in every direction were covered with yellow blossoms. The flower is only allowed to open when the plant is cut down and carried to the great cement in which it is crushed and there it stands in Water for some days. When the valu- ‘WATER CART. able product isso extracted a waste gate, ing into another tank at a lower level, is opened and the fluid s into that reservoir, where evaporation takes place, leaving the pure indigo on the bottom. The first farming imple- ments ever introduced into the country were imported for work on this planta tion and the result should give a prestige for such methods that will cause others to follow the example of Senor Arguello, the P ive Nicaraguan who broke from the old methods of employing hand labor alone in cultivating the soil. The plantation was no sooner reached than it was remarked that in certain fields the indigo washigher and thicker, showing a more vigorous growth. We werd then told that it was in those ficids that the plows had been used. whereas in other portions the seeds had been planted according to the old method, which includes no cultivation, the seed merely being dropped into holes made with a pointed stick and then covered with soil. Corn is planted in the same way, and un- til the crop is gathered no cultivation is given open- ‘WHARF SAX JoROE. it, Men, women and children were in the field. Their pay was, for the men, 25 cent women, 15 cents,and children, 10 cents per da their hours of labor being from 6 a.m. uniil about noon. During s ride through this part of the country one is sure to come across flocks of ta and groups of chattering monkeys, the tier always stopping ee to look at passers-by, and will even approach the road to a better view and satisfy their curiosity. richness of the country isevidenced on all v* ae THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, D.C, SATURDAY, MAY 16, 1891-SIXTEEN PAGES. THE ITATA INCIDENT. Former Difficulties of a Similar Nature That Have Occurred. PETER FORCE’S LIBRARY. Distant Origin of Some Well-Known Songs— Peculiar Facts of Wealthy Book Collectors— George Peabody and His Benefactions— Others Who Have Made Wealth Useful. ‘Written for The Evening Star. RECENT ESCAPE OF THE CHILIAN steamer Itata and the proposed attempt to capture her on the seas will add another to the many fruitless attempts fhat have been mado to prevent the fitting out or supply of warlike matorials to insurgents or to combatants. The opportunity of making money and the spirit of adventure is so rife in this country that there has always been enough of the element needed ready to enlist for such enterprises. ‘The law is either s0 loosely framed or an indis- Position to prosecute such as engage in these attempts that I cannot recall an instance where the prosecution resulted in conviction. In 1850 the celebrated Lopez expedition to Cuba was organized and resulted fatally to many of those engaged in it. The United States arrested Gen. Quitman and Senator Henderson of Mississippi, Jobn L. O'Sullivan, Col. John T. Pickett, Col. Tom Hawkins, Theodore O'Hara, Gen. Robert Wheat and some others, but the prosecution ended when they gave bail. The Walker expedition escaped prosecu- tion. The only survivor of that expedition I Imow of is Gen. Hacry Wor ‘who isa resident of We nm. During the Crimean war the Russian govern- ment was supplied with powder and arms by a Boston house, and the long-contested Perkins claim, now before the Department of State,was for the fulfillment of a contract made by’ the agents of the Ressian government with Mr. Perkins for supplying powder. Wherever there has been war between two countries the neu- tral governments, try as they may, cannot pre- Yeut the purchase of arms and munitions of war by the contending parties. Of course, it is done with ail secrecy, but as in the case of the French arms cuse « scandal results. When our government dismissed Sir John Crampton for infringement of the laws govern- ing foreign enlistments during the Crimean war the excitement in London was very great, and the demaad was made in parliament that the passports of Mr. Dallas, then our minister to the court of St. James, should be sent him, and, at a mevting of privy council, it was de- termined to do so. Madame de Weyer, as Mr. Maunsel B. Field relates, the daughter of Mr. Bates, one of the American bankers in London, held very intimate relations with the queen, and it was understood through her influence the queen was induced to countermand the Proceedings of her council. Madame de Weyer was the wife of the German ambassador. Mr. Field, who was present in the house of parlia- ment when Lord Palmerston rose to reply for the government to the demands determined hands, though but little is done by man bere Stake etal eld necording tt pore peerce eee nei BS She stands with As if in an insplting trance, ‘A herome of old romance, Before the footlights on the stage. She looks enraptured into space, A seraph’s smile upon her face; Tn wl her beatty, youth and grace, ‘Who can her soul's emotion gauge? Her lips are moving, and I glean ‘That she, always so cold, serene, ‘Some one-time lover's face has seen Amid the crowd whose eyes she meets, Or does she build chateaux in Spain? Or inspiration seek in vain? A, nor 1 see Umm wrong again— She's only counting the receipts, —Amerioa. ——_——-see—___— How to Carry an Umbrella. Aman just back from a winter in Germany carrying canes and umbrelias horizontally has jlong been known to the people of Berlin. There a man no sooner tucks his walking stick under his arm than he fecls a quick blow on it from behind. It either drops to the pavement of assumes the only proper and safe position in which a stick can be carried. ‘There is no Use in his getting angry with the person who struck the blow or in his trying todo him up, for public opinion is with the regulator of the bar- ‘ous and indefensible practice of speak. I have seen dozens of Americans ‘The lady who will away with the with the everlas tables in the atatuettes underneath id there is | benefactor to the home improvement on by the privy council, was received with shouts and hisses, which testified to the feeling against the queen's decision. THE FIRM OF GRACE AND CHILL. Thore is very little doubt about the connec- tion of Wm. R. Grace and his brothers in the war now being waged in Chili. This house has immense interests in Peru and the destruction of the property of the Grace Brothers by Chili, when the troops entered Peru, would naturally lead to retaliation. Some months ago an old resident of Washington, Mr. Peter Ilevener, who has resided in Peru for many years, cn- gaged in railroad and other enterprises, issued a pamphlet giving the history of the house of Greee with the government of Peru, and if one-half Mr. Hevener charges be true the Graces can hardly be regarded as model Amer- ican citizens. “There is no doubt, where the relations of the Graces are known to the Peruvian government, and the enmity existing between them and Chili, that they are bucking that power from whom they expect recognition of the heavy claims against the Chilian government, which has been refuse? by the present executive. The Department of State has stacks of testimony, furnished by almost every American claimant who has claims. against Peru, setting forth the condition of the Grace influencein Sout American af- ‘airs. The treaties of neutrality between our e rnment and others have always been most ifficult to maintain. That representative of the French republic Whom the President dts- missed, Citizen Genet, fitted out a priva- teer, to prey on British comme though authorities interfered, Little Sarah,” as he called her, set sail defiance of law and treaties and the red liberty cap of the French republic was hoisted from the top of the Tontine cutee house by a committ: of New York merchants. The course of the American people at that time can hardly be Lelieved now. Public diuners and receptions wore given this dismissed minister, at which the President, Washington, was defie COL. PETER FORCE AND HIS LIBR. Tam reminded of the omission of the name of an eminent citizen of Washington, Col. Peter Force, whose famous collection of books and pamphlets relating to American affairs ‘was pure! by Congress, and is now in the Congressional Library.’ Col. Force was one of the early wettlers of Washington. He came here as early as 1812 and for Years pub- lished an influential journal. He was elected mayor for several terms, and devoted nearly his whole life to the collection of books and pemphlets relating to America from its dis- covery through its colonial period to the revo- lutionary war end the early history of the gov- erament. The collection was a very large one and was remarkably perfect, Col. Force having ransacked the libraries of Europe to completo his wonderful collection. He hud among other rare pamphlets the Matthews Pamphlet, as it was called, containing serious charges against the father’ of his country, and the celebrated letter of Alexander Hainilton, exposing the attempt to blackmail him while he was. Secre- tary of the Treasury. There was no citizen of Washington more’ widely known than Col. Force, and in connection with this collection he obtained a national fame. THE LONG LIFE OF BOOKS. contained one the cumulation has complete control of bim and he stops at no expense in its indulgence. ORIGIN OF KATHLEEN MAVOURNEES. There was raised some time ago in musical ‘and literary circles a question about the au- thorship of that beautifal song, so universslly sung and admired, “Kathleen Mayoutneen.” Attention is again ‘called to it by the charge made in @ Boston journal that the author of Beau Brummell has been guilty of an anachron- ism by referring in that interesting play song of “Kathleen Mavourneen,” says, ‘the song was written a ‘hundred or 80 after the famous Beau had been ¢ by death, and by a man who is still livi without noticing Grouch, I believe, is Publisher described it composed by F. N. Crouch. tainly did not compose the words. ‘They have been ascribed to the Hon. Mrs. Norton, the daughter of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, who was born in 1808. If this were correct the song might have been popular in the days hen Beau Brumm stitute an anachronism and the ‘‘incon- [ nape was not 80 noticeable as he suggests. 1@ song, however, was written before Mrs. Norton was born. ‘The author of it was Mrs. Annie Crawford, who was born in 1784 and died in 1801. She was an actress anda famous one in her day. Now, about the music, if it was sung at the period when Mrs. Crawford lived, or Mre. Nor- ton, or Beau Brummell, then Mr. Crouch did not compose the air. Whodid? On tue retarn of Mrs. Coyle from Europe some years ago.she told me she had found ina library in Munich, ina volume of musical compositions certainly two centuries oid, the very air of “Kathleen Mavourneen,” almost note for note. She thought it @ remarkable instance of the melo- dious trend of thought and it passed from my memory until this recently revived question of who wrote “Kathlcon Mavourneen” recalled it. TWO OTHER OLD soxos. I saw not very long since on the program of aconcert“The Last Rose of Summer,"attributed to Flotow. Flotow introduced it in his opera of “Martha” and hence that mistake. Mr. Payne said the refrain only of ‘Home, Sweet Home” was composed by Sir Henry Bishop, who introduced the air and song in the opera of “Clairi the Maid of Milan.” Robin Adair, written a century before the production of the opera of “La Dame Blanche,” is intro- daced most effectively and is the theme of that opera, but the composer never claimed it as his composition. How beautifully that gem wassung by Hablemann, when Leonard Grover gave us the German opera with Fredericha, Jobenson, Herrman, Hab! nn and others of merit. = st,” “Martha,” “The Magic Fiute,” “Fi- delio” ‘and “Robert” were sung admirably. Grover made a fortune here, and was a most liberal manager, and from the little theater at Carusi’s saloon Humphrey Bland retired with a competence. ‘Those were paliny days for the theater. ‘Ihe crowd left here by the war and the large sums of money in circulation ren- dered this city an attractive place. Most of thove congregated here were glad to avail tiemseives of any amusement oifered. It is always so at such periods. ‘I'he terrors of war demand some relief and the need was felt here where the seut of war was for so long # time in our immediate neighborhood. GEORGE PEABODY'S BENEFACTIONS, All the great benefactions of our age have come from bachelors. ‘The list of them dis- closes this fact—Cirard, Johns Hopkins, Mc- Donald, Lenox, Tilden, Peabody, John Crerar, Samuel Wood and James Lick. "None of them had entered the married life and hence their sympathy seems tobave embraced the whole world, ‘The name of Peabody is to Wathingtonians a houschold word, for here he began lis merean- tile carcer as the partner of the father of the late George W. Riggs in the firm of Peabody, Riggs & Co. in Georgetoyn, which was so sac- cessful that it enabled’ him to become the world’s greatest benefactor. His first great work, which as years roli on will cause his name to be remembered in all_ages, was the contri- bution of some houses of Lond; emanated from 2 designed it should be a perpetual be coming generations. Toduy those who enjoy this most nt endowment and the numbers increase of me, a8 he called it, was imperial. ‘Lhe first instance was when Moryland sent her bonds to London daring « p Mr. Peabody ni and donated or of Balti ute he gave mument to his nory augmen's daily the Lenesits 1 bestows those who enjoy, in increased and inerens- ing numbers, the nigh educational advantages rovided by his muniticence. His bequest to The south for cducational purposes amounts to $3,000,000, and the admirable manner in which the great trust is administered by the distinguished trustees to whom he committed this bequest insures untold benefits in the fu- ture. Nearly all these pri donations were made during Mr. Peabody's life and he had the pleasure of witnessing the effect of the benefits they conferred. APPRECIATED DURING HIS LIFE. If ever aman was made to feel how highly his benefactions were appreciated it was George Peabody. Houors were heaped upon him. The Queen of England tendered nim every honor which she and the nation could ‘bestow. He declined them all. Decorations, titles of yand every mark of distinction within her power to grant he refused with grateful thanks, and at last the queen sent to ask him what he would accept irom her us a testimonial laced $8,000,000 of then 1is commission, $209,009, to found the Peabody Considering how perishabfe are all human works, it is surprising how long-lived are books. They outlive empires and dynasties and the very edifices erected for their protec- tion. ‘They are more enduring than marble or bronze, and in the great collection formed by James Lenox, now the Lenox library, aro to be seen a very wonderful collection of rare books and manuscripts that have defied time. In the matter of American history it is the most complete in this country.” All lished on America i the various editions of them ish, Portuguese, Dutch, Italian, French, Latin and English. To sceure these rare vol. umes Mr. Lenox has displayed his knowledge of the books he purchased and which for years he was gathering. ‘This collection is very rich in Shakespeariau literature. It contains a num- ber of the earliest complete editions of the dramatic works in the various forms in which they were issued. If not all it has most of the twenty plays published in Shakespeare's time, from 1600 to 1620. The coilection of Bibles from the earliest edition, and indeed all the rare editions are here, including the “Maza- rin” Bible, a copy of which was recently sold in England for €10,000, a Latin Bible published in 1477 at Nuremburg, contain- ing commentaries, emendations and inter!inea- tions by Melancthon in a very small hand, but legible and beautifully written; = complete set of every edition ot Milton's “Paradise Lost,” commencing with the first edition ever iwued up to the time of Mr. Lenox’sdeath. My mem- orandum of the rare and beautiful editions in this library would fill a column. A superb vol- had jast been added to the library, which is so exquisite it will interest your readers. The book was executed for Cardinal Farnese, whe presented it to Pope Panl Ill. It contains six folio pictures of sul parte sheer ted on vellum by Guiloa Clovis. ‘tho binding is almost as wonderful as the illuminations, and itis “the sumptuous book,” as a bibliophile ex- pressed it, in any library. The cost was 815,000. of her appreciation and of that of tho British nation of his great benevolence. Mr. Peabody, heard, wase and Mz. 3. 8: Ken- Y In addition to the bequest founding of a library he leaves $100,000 ®monument to Mr. Lincoln. 44MES LICK'S MUNIFICENCE. ‘The bequest of James Lick of California of ‘$600,000 for the foundation of the Lick Observ- | an red years | obser spangled Banner, first and only monument raised to the writer of the only national ‘we can claim a6 our own. Everbody sings and recites it, and ithas furnished the theme of a thousand ora- tions on all patriotic occasions, but it remained for = = ‘to Mentions the — the country by bequest, which been prompily and a; riately executed. ‘The foundation of one of the most extensive collegiate institutions in this country has been reside! acres for the location of this seat of learning, Which in its scope and extent will rival those ready im this country. The sum of $15,000,000 has been set aside by Senator Stanford for this great university that it may be supplied with every requirement necessary for its perpetual existence. Joux F. Corie. MISSING LINKS ONCE MORE, The Bird ‘and Reptile Question—A Warning Against Hasty Conclusions, To the Editor of the Evening Star: In your issue of last Saturday we were again troated to icarned and interesting article upon archwological natural history, but portions of it Were marred by the assumption as fact of mat- t proved. Ihave to thank you, Mr. Editor, for already publishing an allusion to the advice of Virchow and Wallace to the advo- cates of self-evolution, not to get on faster in their theory than facts will warrant, and a few days ago Romances, while claiming that the motto of science is (should be?) “Prove all things,” iamented that the bans of science has been the respect given to the authority of a great name or two. Those cautions move me to trouble vou once more with a few remarks tpon the above subject. Your instructive essayist notes that Prof. Huxley thinks certain creatures formed a con- necting link between reptiles proper and birds like thefoxtrich and cassowary, and he himself writes ¢f the archwopteryx as the link between the fowl and the reptile. Huxley has been so eloquent agninst the “marvelons flexibility” of things which he contradicts that it is surpris- ing to ses the flexibility of the “weapons of precision” with which he and others advocate their favorite theories. THE HORSE'S HOOF. In the case of the horse's hoof (we will have word to say about the animal himself pres- ently) they seem to hold it to be “demon- straied” that two iong chains of ancestors were absolutely necessary before the modern un vided hoof could evolve itself from the several- toed ancient foot. But while so much was re- quired to produce a single member of one ani- mal, a single creature isa sufficient connecti link between two such important c reptiles and the birds. ‘this is As te the latter reasoning, o1 daake a summer, nor es as the nsistent. swallow does would one “lin! so wide a gap. In this case the sing "links skould bo the connecting the true reptiles wit! wopteryx on the one hand and tiles connecting that eres birds on the other. Until from the do: mis- these links emerge regions of authoritative faith, and the of the sterility of hybrids is disproved true science cannot build ntlictically, we request told withont proof that all the be stored, like Haeckel’ the bottom of the a pity that your essa z y distinguishable from a reptil evitably brings to the illustration of Plato's “man,” ane might the profane to think that the plucked chicken is the connecting link between reptiles and Mere outward rese1 nted suftic! littie hwopteryx, of the size of a joped wings, an aby ail, and h eda link connecting the true relatively gigantic and almost wingless yl ch und cassowary? Is this ce of the glamour of a name, and against which Romana protest? Your essayist evolves the horse from the rohippus. Is not this a trifle premature, sec the smoke of battle has not yet cleared from about the question? ‘The European pedigres began wit the paleotheriam, a creature quite distinet from the oronippus: the former lineage claims some thirteen species; the latter ins five, if we include the one still missing and exclude the horse himself, which never appeared in this line, the result of im- rs , as Dawson says, having apparently een extinction, for history tells us that the American wild ‘horse was ‘the descendant of thoseiatroduced by white immigrants. But to evolve the horse from either of these animals, because # creature with four toes on its front feet and three on its hind ones is assumed to have evolved its torx by degeneration into a hoof instead of forward like, let us say, a flip per into a band, isa modern end very weak ‘ease of ex pede Herculemn. By all means let us collect facts—the more the better; but let us not drag science into an attempt to support self-evolution, a theory of which the very foundations were doubtingly laid by Darwin himself, and as time passes it sents as if they wore laid in sand. It is only impatient theorists who assume that bis great in reply, said he would be pleased to receive an autograph letter from her mejesty that he might take it home to America and treasure it as one of her majesty’s most loyal sons. The queen sent the letter, and with it her portrait by one of the most’ eminent British artists. The letter and portrait are in the Peabody Institute, at Peabody, Mass. ‘The death of Mr. Peabody cast a gloom over the face of Europe America, for his great charities hed ma his name familiar the world over. Again the British government desired to conter ite highest honors on the departed lanthropist. 16) desired that his remains should be interred 1% Westminster Abbey, where a suitable monument would be erected by the British people to per- petuate his greatness and where, umid ll the nation holds in honorable memory, he might repose. This last testimonial of the gratitude and admiration of « great nation was declined, as Mr. Peabody desired to be buried by the side of his mother. The finest and swiftest frigate in the royal navy, the Monarch, received the body of the great philanthropist'and bore it 10 the American squadron, commanded by Ad- miral Farragut, and then, under the escort of the two nations, Mr. Peabody was brought home to lie next his mother in the little grave- yardut Danvers, Massachusetts. Eulogies from ‘the most distinguished men of both countries were his requiem. s GLADSTONE’S EULOGY. Mr. Gladstone extolled his virtues in'an elaborate oration, in which he said of hitm: ‘He taught the world how a man may bb imiae- ter of his fortune and not its dave. * In the greatness of his benevolence be’ stands alone in history.” Mr. Peabody shortly before speaking of his great bene- a triumph overa Rees : acknow! ferred upon him by Di he onious the natural tendencies of his naturo. Mr. Peabody was one of the most genial of men; mansion in London and his country seat weretho abodes of the most generous and prince! name alone is sufficient to give assurance of the absolute truth of that b; i See ere mas A Victim of Circumstances. From the Indianapolis Journal. “I might a’ been rich oncet,” said the man with straw-colored whiskers, “but circum- st “Well, you see, it was jest this way. Iwas workin’on a farm down here on the Wabash, when I meets a widow ata hoe-down witha juarter nection of "bout ax good lend as you ind out doors. She sorter cottened to me right on the jump. Went tosee her three or four times, an’ was gittin’ thicker'n winter m'lnses, whon I tuck the chills an’ fevers. Ever have'em? Shake all the life out o' you one day; next day you kin eat like a hawg. Well, g0e8 to see the widder on my well day, an’ lo an’ behold, she had the chills. Next day I had “em, next day ahe had ‘om, next day I—" welt?” that "fore I could get rid o' thom shakes a tramp preacher como slong that was in the habit o the shakes simultaneous with the widder, as it were, an’ cut me clean out. I boys, when old Billy Circumstances in feraman he kin jest as well give it if | to twenty at rates the chain really necessary to bridge | CHINESE GAMBLERS. How the Pigtailed Oclestials Woo the Goddess Fortune. LOTTERY AND FAN TAN. How “Pak Kop Pin” ts Run, Otherwise Known as “White Pigeon Ticket”—Three ‘Thousand Dollars for One—Lots of Money im It if the Player Wins. THAT FORM OF GAMBLING WHICH country, its directors organized as panies,” of which there are at present five in New York, four in Philadelphia and many more in Boston, Chicago, San Francisco and other towns. These speculative concérns have such pleasing names as “Fortunate Increase,” “Heavenly Harmony” and “Encouraging Fountain.” The lottery is named “pak kop piu.” which signifies “white pigeon ticket.” In China, where games of this description are illegal, they are frequently carried on among the hills near the cities and pigeons are used to convey the tickets and winning numbers between the offices and their patrons. In America the offices of the pak kop piu are always located in an | Upper room. suggesting the survival of the use of the loft from whence the wit messengers tion is necessary, the mails carrying the tickets and ranners daily traversing the cities from laundry to laundry soliciting custom. A por- tion of the room occupied by the lottery com- pany is partitioned off bya railing, behind which the business is conducted. Customers are not permitted to enter this inclosure. al- though everything that goes on inside is open to their most severe inspection from over the fence. : DRAWINGS EVERY NIGHT. -Drawings take place every night. Between 9 and 10 p.m. the office is open for the distribu- tion of tickets, which the manager of the com- pany seils to such customers as come in and ands over to the runners in exchange for the mnoney entrusted to the latter by other patrons. e from China in @ quantities; they piecos of paper five inches square, and 6n each are printed with a wooden block the firsteighty characters of « famous poem known as thi ‘Thousand Character C! —a work con- taining precisely one thousand characters, andso well-known among the pig-tailed people of the orient that these characters are very commonly used in place of the numbers from one to one On the tickets, therefore, they same purpose as numbers from one purchaser marks on one of these tickets as many characters as he chooses up to ten, paying 10 cents apiece for those he desig- nates in this way. According to the rules he loses his entire stake unless as many as five of the numbers thus selected come out in the drawing as winners. If five do out he gets $2 for every €1 he has pyt i appear he receives $20 for @1; if seven, $200 for sl; if eight, $1,000 for $1; if nine, €1,500 for $1; if ten,’ $3,000 for 1. In tlicse enormous possibilities of gain lies the great seduction of .this sort of gambling. By g more than ten numbers the chance of scc-ing winners is correspondingly increased, anu the lottery companies will usually sell up ° proportionately advanced. The method of calculating the probabilities in this game is given in detail by a book entitled ‘A Quick Way to Get Rich,” which is sold in the Chinese shops. ‘The lottery manager his assistant are dignified with the title of “! Shang,” literally, ‘first born,” which i lent to Mr. and is about the only title of re- ct employed ataong the laboring Chinese in this country. HOW THE DRAWINGS ARE CONDUCTED. The selling of tickets laste for an hour, after which the drawing immediately takes place. Eighty pieces of white paper have been pro- vided, upon which have been written or printed the same eighty characters referred to, one on each. The m carefully rolls these eighty pieces into as many pellets, so that they can- not be one from another, and mixes them thoroughly in a Lig tin’ pan. He then counts twenty of them carefull into a white china bowl marked “one. twenty more into a second bowl marked “two, twenty more into third bowl marked “three.” and the remaining twenty into a fourth bow! jmarked “four.” All his proceedings are | carefully watched by the players present, so | that there is scarcely a possibility of cheat- jing. Finally, the players 1s asked | to ‘select one of the bowls, which he does, |and the numbers it contains are the win- |ners. These the manager carefully un- rolls, one at a time, and at once pastes them on 8 board in full view. A number of the tickets are next taken and the winning characters marked upon them with red ink, ‘The runners cacry these without delay to the Chinese shops and ‘restaurants, where they ere prominently displayed in order that customers may learn how ‘they have fared in their latest bout with the fickle goddess. Five per cent is deducted by the company from all sums paid out, as ite commission. Runners receive from persons for whom they purchase tickets 1.15 for every $1 worth of tickets bought, and’ thus they are paid. Shops often act as agents for the lottery, and they get 10 per ceut on all winnings made through their hands. All win- nings must be paid on the day following the drawing, and failure to liquidate thus promptly “busts” the institution. Lotteries are not ine frequently compelled by repeated losses to sus- pend business. ‘THE MAGIC POEM. The first eighty characters of the celebrated poein printed on the tickets reads as follows: ‘Heaven and earth. black and ye The canopy of the universe, wide low: and waste; a and set out. aun fe "and the winter for forcalary’superfluities complete the year, tos —— Fainut adjust the superior prin- wh ‘ids ascend on hth, t 3 Mira Ss aecanre the cepin ran: Or swords the most distinyuisued is “Great Cham- Of pearis the most celebrated is the ‘Night Splendor’ Of fruits the most precious are tacdease ent the stam : And of veretabi ‘most important vastard ‘of veretables the are the mt a 5 ‘sea water is saltish, and the river water ‘The sealy tribes plunge deep, but the Testhercy ‘The sam and moon, raul and wanin, ‘Lhe stars and constellations, arr. ‘The coud comes and the hi The autuwn is ior ‘boardi int eat woes hering The And cE ell, the upshot of the whole business was | Sith tne poor countrymen wh ‘no other reason, have to hazard their nt li L ife E & H Hy i | é ef i if if i i He i i | ! } t were formerly dispatched, but no such precau- | d; ckets are imparted for this purpose | ore * Lous bys Baer *Beglesiaa Pm, dat apa 11.30 p.m. Apress, Ora BLUE iho it ewe 88 doo work ‘SUPERSTITIONS OF THE GAMBLERS. Chinese gamblers are not less superstitions than those of other races. The owners of the nag ty hemes oe nothing but white in ‘oration of the quarters they occupy, becuase this th color of mourning a we a ¢ hue of the robes worn by the spirits dead in the after world. It isalways considered imauspicious, is associated* with the idea of Hens money, and is believed to bring bed an trons, wit mg suc te he otapenh "ae aerate peel are kept in the box with the fan is York, Boston, and the & . Sid st SaaS SScurs, Gen. ten Asemt, NYLIe RAILROAD OO: ct May 10th, ING ‘Penusy ivenia supper nightly for its customers. Any one may eat what he it but the meal is consumed in ailey t'is considered unlucky fan ina Division, au Divimou to Atlanta, w! Station for all bu which the utmost importance is at- |. hu Many devices are resorted to in order to se- cure the winning numbers in the lotter; Some mark the tickets with their eyes closed, while others mark such of the characters as when read in succession will form a happy sentence. A young child is often called upon to mark the tickets. At the shrine of the god of war eighty splints of bamboo, marked with eighty lottery characters, are ordinarily kept for the convenience of gamblers, who make selection from them at random and mark their tickets according|; tions asked on the occas pilgrimage to the temple is whether the votary will be fortunate at play during the coming nonth. Many burn mcense and mock in the selection of lucky and unlucky days. It also contains rules for the interpretation of ms, to mes. Daily except te stations % s x Dai 2 pom, —Dalty— Vewttbuled Lamtted Vestibatied Fa on of the new year's e lord of the place, a tute- ry divinity who is thought to rule the house- ‘Division’ hold ghosts, Hons Atiauca and Charlotte Diviaion to connection is made in Union st South and Southwest. "Throws tha Put Lyn se ____ * An Extraordinary Woman. From the New York Sun. Logically, theosophy ought to die with Mme Blavatsky. Reasonably, it ought to have died when its imposture was completely demon- strated by the investigation into ite sham miracles by the London Society for Psychic Research six years ago. Actually, it will con- tinue as lively as ever, in spite of the death of its contriver, as it continued to flourish after its cheap and bungling trickery was exposed in India. ‘Mune. Blavatsky was one of the most remark- ablo imposters the world has ever produced. Her purpose in assuming that part and pl it for so many years is involved in some mys- tery. The explanation that originally she devised the humbug to cover her ope: a Russian spy is not unreasonable: but as she kept the sham going long after it could have served any such end, she seems to have used it simply asa means of making living. She got her support out of it, and she lived well. Morcover, it gratifiedher vanity and furnished her with no end of fun. Shechuckled over the credulity of her dupes, and the incense of their adoretion of her as a genuine secress and Visitant of the unseen and unseeable world was i ly flattering to her feminine instin Mme. Blavatsky did not take herself set ously: she was not a victim of self-delusion, and she allowed everybody many chances to see through her trickery. Only the incon: able folly and gullibility of people who pride themselves on ern A ‘ity and insight took her in that way. She would frequently lift the corners of the y veil covering uj bogus mystery, so that they might sce pl the humbug withi i Witched eyes saw a machine not made bj mortal hands and operated not by ni means, but by disembodied spiritsfrom the ether |sbove. When the ical Society conducted | its investigation she made hardly a pretense of defending the trick; and m her communica- tions with her cont who constructed tue cheap “shrine,” humorously called it, end to his wife, who personated the awful Masters and Mahatmas, | che showed that she regarded it all asa huge profitable, too, because of the cash it ingular old woman was Mme. al, artful, infinitely resource- ful, audacious, industrious and comical. Her habits were altogether inconsistent with the ‘and B stfects, Washington, DC? my? "JAS. L. TALLOK, weneral Pass, Agent. 7p ae ohear * i DOUBLE TRACK KPLENDID SCENERY. STEEL KRALL. AGNUFICENT RQUIPMENT. dT0R' FROM sta TREETS AB FOLLOWS, TRAINS 1 E WAS CORNER OF OTH AND BS Bor Pitesbunk and the went, Chicas Lan Vulluat Vestibule Care at 10 ‘Line, 10:50 a.m. daily to Chic St. Louis, with Jar Pittabung press, 10:00 Dan. daily, Pitebane ee with tharos Sleeper Fane to Chieaco. Ration td cnpandaicus si Kochemter daily for Bate talo and” Niagara daily, except 10:00, dy, With Sleepune Car Waslington to a For Wiihaneport, Nears Fal ao Ye latly, Ckcept “Saturday, "with Bleeping Gar For S Ukeuaport, jo and Klmie 9 10:50 em For Wilisuamport Sais? 3.90. PORPRILADELPHIA. NEW AXD TRERAST, 20. B-vand 43-40 aan. 210. 3 AB. 42 2900, t a. 3:15, 420, 10 ere Lea amy Joana lt eae tne Car to New Lork, 0:4U.eu. dally exces Bum ! Fast F: EXpremn, For Boston, Wi For brooklyn, wey im popular conceptions of a seeress, and yet she made no effort to reform them and no pretense of correcting them. She emoked cigarettes i ordinately and her general appearance was gross and wicked. She did not pose as a saint, but swore roundly when the occasion served: as, for instance, when Col. Oleott, her Hiero- hant in the comedy, exhausted her patience y showing himself more then customarily a fool, and she feared that in his folly he would give away the trick absolutely. rect verniawe acroms New i For Avautic CRY, 2:49 pau, week daym, 1135p. ‘ccuble i An Unexpected Meeting. Book agent (to suburban resident)—"‘Can I give you a Feasons why you ought to have this ‘Life of Daniel Webster,” sir?” OK FOKIRESS MUNKUE, NOGPOLK, MICl F joond, Va. oF any gout south tale the new from Lg “uy i-t ‘FOMNCALLABAN. Geu'l Supt, A Wolf and s Lamb were drinking out of the same Parling Stream, when the Wolf angrily blurted out: