Evening Star Newspaper, May 16, 1891, Page 10

LSet i - Va can gna te” Se NATIONAL CAPITOL, SANTIAGO. CRIMINALS IN CHILL A Visit to a Model Penitentiary in Santiago. MURDERERS BURIED ALIVE. ‘Walled Up in = Living Tomb During the ‘Term of Their Solitary Confinement—Most ef Them Dic or Become Idiots or Lunatics— Some Specimen Cases. From The Star's Traveling Correspondent. Savrrago DE Cure, April, 1891. © OF THE INSTITUTIONS OF THIS famous capital to which the citizens point with pride is their model penitentiary. Itisan enormous structure of red brick—a rare build- ing material in these parts, the houses being universally of stone or adobe, covered with grayish plaster—eurrounded by massive wall ‘of the same, on top of which soldiers are con- tinually pacing to and fro. The visitor hardly knows whether to be most impressed by the immensity of the concern, it being nearly large enough to hold the entire population, its serup- ulous cleanliness or the dead silence that pre- vail, as unbroken as if there were not a living creature within » hundred miles, though at present there are about 2,000 human beings in- side the walls. Asour little party filed in, between a double row of glittering bayonets and the great iron gates, closing with a crash of bolts and bars, shut us im among the criminals, the usual stale jokes, common to such occasions, xchanged. First we were conducted in e. well fur- nished reception room, line: floor to ceiling with thousand Every prisoner must have his picture on entering this place and again when he leaves, and these are put in cases on the walls, each labeled with its number. During his pri- son life the convict is known by that num! only, and never hears his name.’ ‘Ihe records | are kept in a score of big books—each man's number being followed by his name, the par-| Hieulars of bis crime ancl everything pertaining | to his history that can be ascertained. ‘THE ROGUES’ GALLERY. Gazing around this rogues’ gallery my atten- tion was attracted by two fresh and handsome young faces, evidently those of husband and | wife, and I asked the superintendent who they | were. “I will soon tell you all about it,” said | he. Taking down one of the big books he ran | his finger down the pages till the number on | the photograph was reached. “Oh, yes,” he | continued.“ ease, 1 remember, was a rather interesting one. ‘They were newly mai Fied, down in Valdivia; « couple who stood hi socially and of whom everybody thought wel ‘Want of money was their undoing. For a small amount of it the husband murdered an relative and the wife assisted in hiding | ff . They had funds enongh to fight | fe lew'in all the courts, but after’ repeated | panel, » Cos long by two or three inches and then to remain in prison The sentence was carried into effect story may be clearly read in the Next to the youthful couple is a picture criminal taken on the day of his execttion, the wild eyes and haggard face showing that he | realized his doom; and that ms the face of the widow, ten years later, « prematurely | old woman. with the expression of one who has nothing to hope for. AN INNOCENT-LOOKING MURDERER: _ Another face was that of an innocent-looking light-hearted school boy, apparently not more | than seventeen years old. “Certainly this was | never s criminal?” said I. “He was one of the | worst I ever knew,” replied the superintendent. | “In a fit of rage he beat his father's brains out, Because the latter refused to let him ride a | favorite mare; and then deliberately murdered hhis mother, because she knew of the facts and might tell’ them. He was condemned to be shot seven years ago.” Truly, this gruesome art gallery 1; ideas about the face being an index eyes the windows of of thing, for the the lot wear one’s character, | soul, and all that sort most ed wretches of of baby innocence! are a great many women in the collection, and | weare told that the so-called “gentler” sex of South America commit a large proportion of the murders—jealousy being the moving cause. | IN THE WORKSHOPS. Then we went to the workshops, through huge iron gates with ponderous locks and bars, | each guarded by soldiers with loaded muskets, into an immense circular patio or mner court- yard, surrounded by massive arches. Fach ‘arch. closed by another iron gate and guarded by soldiers, is the entrance toa smaller yard, in the rear of eS p, _Beirwoen ‘these minor patios are high walls brick, those ouside, and on the topof them watchful sentinels are forever pacing. so that | no man could stir out of his place in any part | of the grounds without being instantly cov- | ered by agun barrel. There seems to be no possible chance for escape, and the superin- tendent said that during the seventeen years hebas been here not # single attempt has vaeaca body king silentl im the shops everybody was working silen gad steadily, hie eyes bent upon his w x4 hisper being permitted or a the busy fiugere, Dut when signal from the overseer of each depart ery man made « military walute and remained | tanding until permission was given to reeume work. Among the hundreds of prisoners one sees few really bud faces, and most of those seem to bave been made so by some careless- ness of dame nature in cutting out their fea tures. There were afew with the Cain-mark of crazy Guiteauebnormal creatures bora to crime, a fore perhaps no more ree; sible for their deeds than other luna Doubtless the iron hand of environment —the | force of circumstances that none of us can es-| eape—led most of these into error. It is « question sad as puzzling whether crime should be as adisease, a sort of mental or raoral leprosy, and a cure sought rather than a pun- S BETTER TREATED THAX BEFORE. Certain it is that if the majority of Chilian Rotos (the word literally trausdated meaning “ragged people,” here used to designate the Joivata Sentngo penitentiary, tects somianos im niteut . ir comilitic Would be vastly bettered. The J of shelter, sufficient food and c! cover thelr nakedness—very uncertain ings in their present state; besides being com- Palle eoop tolerabl clean for the first time their lives; and made to work at something useful. All sre obliged to learn trades—black thing. carpentering, shoemaking, £0. There in a school, also, where even the oldest and most densely ignorant are taught to read and write; anda chapel where all receive religioas in: straction.. After a year or two bere, the Roto who came in iru and worthless to degree, may go forth “clothed P * Raving formed new abite of ind | dense darkness inside, so that the food photoerephs. | days it is, known the man. is dead. and | | i uh & i i z i : i i | hi | i his credit. The money is not put into his hand, but a ticket representing that sum. If he fails to do a reasonable amount, or spoils material purporely cr throngh carele: something ts dedneted from the money he alread: earned, or he ma punt Though strongly advised to hoard his funds until the day of release, he may itif he likes. The regular prison food is better and more abundant than most of them have been ac- customed to outside; but on certain days market people are allowed to come in and sell tobacco, fruit, dulces, &e., and there is no law to prevent the men from spending all they earn in this way. FRIENDS CAN VISIT THEM. Once in three months each prisoner may have | hee, visitors, and then his relatives and friends, if he has any, flock to see him. Many of them are glad to have saved up a respectable sum to givo the wife and children or parents or young sisters, who perhaps have sad missed their support. Said the superinten: ent, “If a prisoner's term is long it is not un- common for him to have credit for from to $500, which is paid him in cash on the day of his discharge and is wealth to a Roto. with a good trade at his finger ends and the thrifty habits he has acquired, makes a new man of him; and if he gets into mischief again it is due to innate depravity rather than to force of elrcumstances. But ‘when man has been in prison along time and become accus- tomed to the quiet and order that reigns here he has forgotten how to think for himself and even his former name has strange to him. When first turned adrift into the world, even with, money in his pocket, he feels aa overpowering sense of helplessness; and many come back and beg to be taken in again. ‘THE WALLED UP CELLS. But there is another side to the picture—one so dark and terriblo that as we contemplated it the bright day seemed suddenly overcast, the sun ceased to shine and the birds to sing. In this splendid “model” building there are slimy, noisome cells where daylight never enters, which human beings are literally buried alive. Having heard of them we requested to be shown one of these ceils. The gentlemanh superintendent denied there were any suc! and showed us the interior of two or three twi- light cells, which, he said, were the worst in the penitentiary and designed for those con- demned to “solitary confinement.” But we | knew better, and later on the judicious invest- ment of a dollar induced a subordinate to_give usa glimpse of what we came to see. Under the massive arches of the enormously thick walls, where perpetual twilight reigns even in the outside rooms, are inner cells, two feet wide by six feet long, destitute of a single article of furniture. Until recently those confined in them were walled in, the bricks being cemented in place over the living tomb. Now there isa thick iron door, which is securely nailed up, then fastened all around with huge clamps, exactly as vaults are closed in the Santiago ‘cemetery, and over all the great red seal of the govern: ment is not to be removed until the man is dead or his sentence has expired. The tiny grated window is covered by several thick- nesses of closely woven wire netting, making risoner can- not tell night from day. There is no ventila~ tion, except through this netting, and no open- ing whatever to the tomb. down in the iron door, close to the ground, is « tiny sliding double only can his door be opened unless his time has expired. If the food is not eaten for only two or three days no attention is paid to it, for the Prisone: may. be shamming; but beyond a given length of time he cannot live without eating. BURIED, THOUGH LIVING. Not the faintest sound nor glimmer of light penetrates these awful walls. In the same clothes he goes in, unwashed, uncombed, with- outevena blanket or handful of straw to lie on, he languishes in sickness, lives or dies, with no means of making his condition known to those outside. He may count the lagging hours, sleep, rave, curse, pray, long. for death, dash his brains out, go mad if he likes—no- body knows it. He is dead to the world, and buried, though living. Six months isthe usual sentence, and until lately two years has been the limit. They told us that butone man hasever been known to live a year, and the majority do not outlast the second month. Those that sur- vive the six months are almost invariably driveling idiots or dangerous maniacs. The door is always opened at night, when the sen- tence has expired, because in his enfeebled condition after long darkuess the glare of day would be torture if not death. They expect to find the wretch stone blind, emaciated to the last degree, unable to stand, hair aad beard grown long and white as snow, nails ike talons, and garments rotten with mold. KEPT SANE BY MELON sErDs. One man of education and refinement kept himself in tolerable condition through his half year of solitary confinement by means of a handful of melon seeds. As he was going in somebody gave him part of » muskmelon. Strange to say it was not taken from him and he carefully horded the seeds, which he put to a variety of ingenious uses. With them and reckoning from the number of times the food pan slid in and out he contrived to keep track of the number of days of his incarceration; he invented games 4 hing ay which he played thousands of times in the darkness, and vary the dreadful monotony he would throw away the precious handful and grope around on his bands and knees until they were all re- collected. He says that to those little seeds alone he is indebted for his almost miraculous escape from insanity, idiocy or death. On the day of our visit to the Santiago peni- tentiary there was one man in solitary confine- ment, under two years sentence, whose time | pj had expired within seven weeks. It was the only case on and a marvel to all who were acquainted with it. A great deal of specu- lation is rife as to what the wretch be like when the door is opened, if he to efist so long—blind no doubt and b iy ruined in health and intellect, if he does not die of the shock of liberation. AN ARISTOCRATIO CRIMINAL. The most harrowing tale remains to be told— one that “murdered sleep” for us through many night. We stood outside the living tomb of a young scion of the Chilian racy—a petted “mother's boy.” ‘on a five years’ sentence, the Five when rough men, accustomed to seldom survive two months of it! ‘The youth is the | of war and belongs toa family of ‘wealth and in He was a lieutenant regular army and shot his captain. It is said to have been « deliberate ‘murder, call i l yy most faults. A house servant H i Hy i | lf i | ! ! $k i i rf f i 1 a i { | i i if i i | i ! | li al $200 | had H 5 é i 3 at HE z 25, that during his last gubernatorial term Uncle Dick made up his mind that as soon ashe got out of politics he would ay paramount 80, therefore, no sooner had Uncle Dick Oglesby relinquished his office than he applied himself to the reading of books. His wife is » lady of education and culture. She has always m a diligent and discreet reader, surround- ing with a judiciously selected library and acquainting herself thoroughly with its delectable stores. To his wife appeal for advice as to how begin, and in answer to that es! close ‘questioning he maya lind a to read Bacon’s essays. He ard tell of them, but had never read them. So Mrs. Oglesby counseled the perusal Bacon's eseays and from a convenient shelf she produced the coveted volume. Unole Dick buckled down to the task with vast enthusiaem and his enthusiasm increased as he proceeded. “I can’t tell how much I have enjoyed thoee exsays,” said the old gentleman, subsequently. ‘Most men read them in their younger day but I never clapped eyes on them until I nearly reached the limit of three score years andten. Anentirely new field opened up be- foro me; it was amazing, charming, delightful: Iread those essays over and over again—yes, I spent siz months with Bacon, finding constantly accruing plessure and profit in that companionship. I just let the farm take care of itself. When the hired men came to me with one complaint or another, I_ simply humphed and sent them away. Then I'd take up my Bacon, settle down in an easy chair on e front porch and hitch around with the sun all'day. Ob, it was fon, 1 tell you—a beap more fun than being governor! “I saw that Bacon was great admirer of Montaigne,” continued Uncle Dick, ‘‘and I be- an to wonder who the —— Montaigne was. Never had heard of him before. Didn't know any more about him than I did about Adam's off ox. Made up my mind I'd ask my wife. She'd know all about him. What she doesn't knew about books and such like im't worth knowing. So one evening while she was read- ing ‘Humphrey Ward’ by Mrs. Elsmere and I was reading the oamay, cays I: Juin’ says 1, ‘who was Montaigne?’ Tealled it Mon-tag-ny, for I didn’t know then How it was pronounced. Well, [never saw a more surprised woman in my life. She just dropped her book, held up her hands and fooked at me in horror, ‘pious orror. “ ‘Can it be possible, gov'nor,” says she—she always calls me gov'nor for short; ‘can it be possible that you have been gov'noF of Illinois Shree times and yet don’t know who Montaigne was?” ““That sort of riled mo; it wounded my pride. “Oh, well, if it comos to that,’ says I, ‘a man don’t have to know much to be governor of Iilinoy; if 'd known more I never would have been governo: “Montaigne,” says she, ‘was the father of French literature." “« ‘Have we got him on the farm?’ says L ‘Of course we have,’ says she; ‘we’ him in French and in English, too. “ ‘The English is good enough for me,’ sa: I, and she brought me the or, rather, books, for there were three of them, with a life and copious notes and appendices and indexes. “So I switched off into Montaigne and was delighted with him. Was about half wa: through him when I got a telegram from ‘Long’ Jones telling me that I had been nominated b. the republicans for United States Senator and must come to Springfield at once. " Tdidn't want to go; hated to leave the quiet and of thefarm and. the companionship of my Bacon and Montaigne. Yet I felt that 1 ought todo my duty. While in this wavering mood Topened my volume of Montaigne quite cas ally and my eves alighted upon this significant passage: t duty soever one oweth unto the stato hath been shown in the example of Cincinnatus, who, having his hand upon the plow, was bidden by his countrymen to hasten to Rome and rehabilitate their affairs.’ ‘If,’ thought he, ‘accept this proffer my crop of carrots shall surely come to grief, yet it Ido not the enemy shall invade the land and e thing shall surely be desolated, including my carrots and all else that I possess.’ By ings he was presently minded to go Rome, which having done the enemy was fled and great honors secured unto the foremost of wh: day by them that rightly have regard unto th duty toward the commonwealth. “I made up my mind,” says Uncle Dick, “that this was @ direct revelation. Firm in this conviction, a battery” of Gailing couldn't have kept me out of Springfell. I hunted up my gripsack, packed two socks, one collar and my set of Montaigne and started for the seat of war. ‘The day after I got to Spring- jd Tcalled on Gen. Palmer. We naturally joided political topics, for we were opposing candidates. Pulmer wanted to talk about swine- breeding, but I switched him off upon the sub- ject of literature. aigohn,’,s878 T, ‘are you acquainted with jontaigne?” “ ‘The name sounds familiar,’ says he. ‘As I recollect, he is president of the F.M.B.A Club Cae ‘Madison county.” ee * no,’ says 1; ‘mean 6 Montaigne who was the father of French literature.’ “Never met the old gen’ ” says John. ‘I reckon it must be his son that I know—tali man with black whiskers, wears top boots in winter and goes barefoot in summer.’ “I was 40 put out that I dropped the and never hed it to John again. Lo: ; wanted to bet me $20 it was Montague, and would leave it to Hank Evans or Charlie Puller. Hank Evans allowed that Long Jones was correct; the Montagues were thick as peas in Kane county, and Lafe Montague had the iggest tobacco barn (so Andy Welsh said) in the world. Igot so mad that I rose up in the caucus one evening and just made Rome howl. Not long after that Romie came to the conc! sion that it didn’t care about having a Cincin- natas, and I was mighty glad to got back to m: carrots and leeks—I uitan my Montaigne ani Bacon. “Met Seige, Supine of Belleville about a month ago. ‘what I was doing. ‘Well,’ says he, “if you've got interested in French lit- erature you must read old Dr. Rabelais’ book, and thea, xy, You ought to take up Balzac.’ wrote those ames dove ‘and when Igot home says my wife: ‘Julia,’ says Aen weal ‘ead Bulnso om tha fave? “Now, who’s been telling you about Rabelais and Lvrgetleg <b. Judge Snyder of Belleville, ‘or to Dick | It is had | jack or these | farmers, but wi AN APPLEJACK, TALK. |": Sez Farmer Kilbourn Gives Out Some New Ideas on Finance. THE DISTRICT GRANGE. Some Propositions That Are Bound to Be “That has incidentally at soveral of dar ‘grange’ mectings, und while we committed as a body = end Popular and Win Votes—The Gold tn the | Everlasting Hills as « Basis of Currency— Candidates for the Cabinet. FARMERS’ ALLIANCE OF THE NA. tional Capital or the District of Columbia | seraeg ‘Farmers’ Grange is an organization of horny handed sons of toll, which meets frequently at Farmer John Chamberlin's famous grange, cor- ner of 15th and I streets, the headquarters for | A' We on tour of inquiry to ascertain the plans and prospects of the great rising political party of the country as represented by this organization of bronzed veteran followers of the plow. The ‘was cordially greeted by Farmer Hallet Kilbourn, president of the alliance, and the hospitality of the grange was extended by Farmer Chamberlin in s round of hot apple- jack, in which numerous prominent members of the grange joined. (The farmers’ tipple at Chamberlin’s grange is confined to a] pisjack, which is an inocent beverage indulged in for sanitary purposes only. compounded of hot water—the great stomach remedy for dyspepsia; baked apples—a specific for torpid liver, with’ sufficient apple- added merely to destroy the bacteria and ther dangerous microbes in the water.] A TALK WITH THE PRESIDEN: In response toan inquiry as to the prospects and influence of the Farmers’ Alliance of the District Farmer Kilbourn said: “Our member- bership fa increasing with unprecedented rapid- ity. Our grange being located at the national capital gives us opportunities and influence not possessed by rural organizations. Repre- sentative men from all sections of the Union visiting Washington are red hot to become identified with this great ground swell of polit- ical reform, inspired and organized by the honest toilers of the land, and which movement is spreading with gigantic strides throughout every state and territory of the republ cyclone of political purification !” “Is the District of Columbia Farmers’ Alli- ance committed to any presidential ticket for the campaign of "927" “Not irrevocably. The majority of the sun- burned corn shuckers and round-shouldered stump pullers, members of Farmer Chamber- in's grange, are sympathy with and have sdectded leaning at present in favor of Farmer Stanford, Senator from California, for Presi- dent, with Farmer Vance, Senator from North Carolina, for Viee President.” “What great strength do you claim for that combination?” “We look upon {t as an almost invincible ticket. Farmer Stanford has introduced and advocated in the United States Senate a bill in favor of loaning government money on farm- ing land at 2 per cent interest, which isa meas- ure of direct practical relief to us embarrassed toilers of the soil, whose farms are mortgaged 80 heavily. “The Farmers’ Alliance of North Carolina, whose influence re-ecently relected Farmer Vance to the United States Senate. is in favor of the subtreasury plank of the Southern Farmers’ Alliance platform, which favors the loaning of government money at 2 per cent on tar, tur- mtine, peanuts and other agricultural pro- jucts of the soil, and Farmer Vance al faithfully represents his constituents. “These grand, comprehensive and monu- mental propositions of financial relief are fully appreciated by the great mass of us long-suffer- ing farmers, who, in alliance with the confed- eration of industrial organizations throughout the country, comprise a large majority of the @ nation—and it is votes which will At this point Fi Chamberlin ordered another tunnd of applojach. POPULAR PROPOSITIONS. “Will your grange present any new features to the general Farmers’ Alliance in national convention?” “Yes, indeed, soveral. At the last monthly meeting of our grange we unanimously adopted avery important fundamental plank for the eral alliance Uy teindes an amendment to farmer Stanford's proposition. Here is our idea: That the government of the United States shall donate land to all citizens who do not now own any soil, in order that they also may have farm land upon which they can borrow govern: ment money at 2 per cent nnder Farmer Stan- ford’s plan. This equalizes the opportunities for all citizens alike to receive aid from the Pits Kemiepherical {doa and alltmports = 1 ri lea and all-important emendment of our mal platform will se- cure millions of additional voters for the far- mers’ ticket in the presidential campaign of ‘92. Farmer Lapeneastiigy to with our amend- ment not only secures all voters who are now also take in the incalculable number of voting citizens who are willing to be thus pe pment into freeholders, with the priv- i borrowing government money on their land and crops.” At this juncture another course of applejack was absorbed by the thirsty farmers present. “Our proposed presidential ticket has also some other advantages,” continued Fai Kilbourn. “It is of a strictly noi character. Farmer Stanford is a and Farmer Vance is a democrat. is also purely non-sectic Farmer Stanford is from the north and west—California, while Farmer Vance is from the south and east— North Carolina. Aline drawn on the map of the United States from North Carolina to California extends across s larger portion of the area of the Union than any other cast and west line between the states.” PRACTICAL FINANCE. “What are the views of your grange on na- tional finances?” “On that subject we are in full harmony with the alliance throughout the country. We are for the free coinage of silver and gold and the issue of more money by the government. Greenbacks were the sinews of war which put down the great rebellion and preserved the republic for the enjoyment of the present and future gencrations. The national eurrency— the government's promises to pay—which ac- complished that great result x four years’ a ae struggle, is entirely satisfactory to us farmers in time of yy “But the bankers and financiers of New York 1d the east assert that if free coinage of silver is adopted and more greenbacks issued gold will be taken out of the country and that @ financial crash and great panic will be the result. What do you say to that?” “ don't quote those New York monopo- liste — coupon genet — to = ractical measures pro] y great — Farmers’ Kithnce of the United states. “In the first place New York is hardly an American city. It is owned and oecupied and run by foreigners, and Farmer Jay Gould is about the only American among them who ean hold his own, including what ira. “New York city is not the community to dic- tate the financial policy of this great govern- aff the welfare and ft iecudacedel earderetine! study Lmctlosn farmers and ho erp of the great west and south, the bon: THE GOLD QUESTION SOLVED. “Now about those New York money changers’ train of alleged horrors, &c. Farmer Chamber- lin’s grange has just "evolved a plan which will knock this ‘scarcity of gold’ scare into gathers in of | the and sinew of the republic. | boo A ran reporter visited the grange yesterday | main tioned in connection with the folio. Farmer Joe is a sub-soil tional reputation and always plows experience with con; tors of financial legislation eminently qualifies him for the “Farmer jack Van Vliet of Shrews- bury, N.J., and also of Chamborlin's grange, the hero of a hundred battles, and who fought with Scott at Lundy'sLene in 1814, is the ‘unanimous ehoice of our grange for Secretary ‘ar. “So prominent farmers from various sections of the Union are ri ‘apportion- ing out the cabinet positions. It is thought best to hold them open as premiums for the largest crops of alliance votes in '92." At this juncture Farmer Chamberlin inter- rupted Farmer Kilbourn and stated that a dele- gation of Wayback statesmen, members of the next Congress, had just arrived and were anx- ious-to be initiated ‘into the mysteries of the grange and be decorated with the Farmers’ Al- liance badge. Whereupon.atter another round of applejack, the farmers present went into ex- coutive soasion in an adjoining apartment. and the reporter retired, full; the patriotic doctrines of Farmer Chamberlin's Grange, of callous-seated dragoon farmers, and duly saturated with his famous appléjack tipple. impregnated wi 4 FRONTIER HERO. The Forlorn Fight Felix Knox Made Against the Apaches. We were sitting one night at » freighters’ camp fire, around which were drawn half a score or more freighters, who, with their out- fits, were in camp for the night, writes « frontiersman in the Arizona Republican. Stories of old times, when the Indians were bad, and of the bravery of the white pioneers, had gone around the circle until it came to old man Wilson’s turn, who said: “Talk about sand ins man! I tell you it takes sand ima man to try and stand off single- handed forty or fifty Apaches, when he knows just how the scrap will end, and that the end will be his own death. But that was just the kind of sand that was in Felix Knox when he was killed by the Apaches. You see Knox was an all-eround gambler, such as the tenderfoot from the east scorns so much and knows so little about, but he had a heart in him bigger than any tenderfoot’s head. Well, it was in the spring of 1882. Knox, with his wife and baby and a Mexican driver, was coming from Silver City to Clifton. They got to Fork’s ranch, which is on the Gila river, about thirty miles from Clifton, all right, but were told there that, signs of Apaches had been scen and that they had better go in camp there for a fow days, but Knox—who had fought the Apaches dozens of times and didn't know what fear id he wanted to make Clifton that day. “They drove on and were about two miles from York's ranch when Knox saw an Indian come from behind a low, round-topped _ hill, and feeling assured there were more of them, | j and that it was a fight to the death, he filled his pockets with cartridges, kissed his little sleeping girl baby and his wife for the last time, and, with a ‘good-bye’ to them, he jamped from the wagon and quickly turned the team and told the Mexican driver to whip them back to the ranch and that he would stand the Apaches off. As the wagon turned and was furiously driven ay @ Apaches, who now came in sight, fired a volley, but killed no one. Then Knox faced his foes and pumped the lead from his Winchester into them. ‘The Indians gradually circled around Knox and the end camo. The Mexican driver lashed his term back to the ranch, where both of the horses fell dead from wounds received from the Indians’ first volley. “A party, after a little delay, was made uj and returned to the place where the fight took place, and there they found Knox's body, and the Indians, contrary to the usual custom, had not mutilated it in the least, but_bad taken a clean pocket handkerchief from Knox's pocket and carefully spread it over his face and had fastened it thore by putting a small stone on each corner of it to hold it in its place and keep the sun from the dead man's face. ‘That was their tribute to the sand in Knox. Seventy empty shells wero found that had been emptied from Knox's Winchester and one of the raiding Indians afterward said their party numbered forty-two and that Knox had killed seven of oe —————-oo__ . HOW RUBBERS ARE MADE, Not Cast in Molds, as Many People Sup- pose. Many people suppose that rubber shoes are made by melting the material and running it into molds, says the Denver News. Such is The manufacture of rubber shoes is not very much different from the manufacture of leather shoes. They are made on lasts just the game, but instead of being sewed they ure cemented. “We get most of the raw material from South America,” said adrummer. “It is about the color of molasses and is of spongy nature. “First, it goes through a crushing or rolling Process and comes out in rough sheets and looks very much like a cow's hide. Then it is taken into a compounding room, w! mized with s compound afd volesnincds | “After that it is out up into small cording to the parts of shoes which get, and is afterward fitted onto lasts by the workmen in the same manner that leather is. “How much pure rubber is contained in the manufactured article? About 70 per cent. The best Para gum costs 95 cents a pound, so you see rubber boots and shoes cannot be made for nothing. In the smallest rubber shoe made there are about four ounces of pure rabber, and from that to te 4 aa four pounds in poof subber book si “Old rubbers are ground up, lining and all, into what we oall rag carpet, and it is’ used for “The work is nearly all done by hand and in factories are employed young children, men and women. A boo! gets 20 cents ‘9 pair for making them and «good man can turn out from ten to twelve pairs a day. b a and twenty rub- in the country, ‘over 150,000 pairs of pieces, ac- we wish to capacity of 4 0 pales Its ere cay of tery wi they all go to." aoe Written for The Evening Star. Our Soldiers’ Graves. ‘The springing grass and opening fowers,— Dear nature's gifts of love,— Are growing o'er our soldiets’ graves, ‘Symbols of peace above. And while s hint from vernal spring We properly may take, ‘No moss within our hearts shall grow ‘Within the deep-mouthed cannon now, ‘The song birds nest thelr young, And voice the operas of May Our soldiers’ graves among. EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, D.C, SATURDAY, MAY" 16, 1891-SIXTEEN PAGES. ART NOTES. A movement bas lately been inaugurated, ‘under the auspices of the Corcoran Gallery in this city, which, if carried out successfully, as it certainly ought to be, can hardly fail to be of securing architeo- ‘tural results in the public buildings of the coun- try. In a circular letter signed by the Presi- dent of the Board of Trustees, which has been view the founding of @ new department under the sirootien ol Chonetens Grrecesent, L Presi- dent and Mrs. Harrison will tender a reception at the White House to the artists and others in attendance at the convention, and that it courtesies and attentionsat thehands of promi- nent citizens, while its sessions continue. — The exhibition of water color drawings at the Cosmos Club closed on Wednesday evening. The attendance throughout must have been gratifying to exhibitors, and on the other hand to our | visitors seemed to be greatly pleased with both the size and quality of the display. A number of the drawings were marked sold, but the number that changed hands should have been larger, ‘6 several of the best things in the exhibition remain the property of the artists. This is somewhat to be regretted. Appreciation of art je good thing, but intelligent patronage. is better. It is a substantial benefit to the artist, and secures moreover to # home a refined and elevating influence such as no other adornment can —Mr. Uhl came over from New York on Thursday, and will be engnged in his Washing- ton studio, in Vernon Row, for several weeks to come. — At the sixty-ninth annual meeting of the National Academy of Design, held on Tuesday evening, Officers, Academicians and Associates were chosen as follows: President, T. W. Wood, in place of Daniel Huntington, resigned; Vice President, F. B. Millet; Treasurer, Frederic Dielman; ing, Seeretary, Tb. Rich ards; Recording Secretary, 4 ins. ‘Academicians, H. Siddowe Mowbray, D. W. ‘Tryon, Horatio Walker, J. 8. Hartley and F. P. Vinton. Associates, C. 8. Reinhart, W. L. Pick- nell, J. L. Sargent, Lockwood De Forest and Frederick Remington. —An American artist, writing from Paris un- der date of the 2d instant, sends the following interesting notes in regard to this year's salon: The salon opened yesterday. The admission fee on “first day” is 10 francs, but I was fortu- nate enough to have apass. Iwas very agree- ably impressed with the general “‘rush-round” view I got in the hourI spent there. The crowd of visitors was a “swell” one, and almost asat- tractive as the pictures. Today I spent 1 franc and all day on the exhibition, and examined the paintings more leisurely. ‘The exhibition is certainly very fine. Some very large and grand. jictures are there; but, after going round twice, I felt disappointed at the absonce of pictures by so many men whose names I have known for years as among those of the strongest painters in the world. It is said they all sent to the new salon or refused to submit their paintings to the jury appointed at either of salons. Very few Pictures by new men were accepted. The whole number accepted is nearly one thousand less than in some former years. This is a re- sult of quarrels among the French artists. ere are plenty of efforts and some daubs, but the whole exhibition is effecti ita largeness. The building is fully six hi dred feet long, the center being a court cov- ered with glass, with a balcony around the whole. Off this baloony are rooms of different sizes, where the pictures are hung. Some of these are immense in size, one of them beii nearly fifty-two feet long. The journals what can ever be done with these big canvases, ‘There are several French artists who make it ® point to paint very large pictures for the spring salon. These are showy and attract at- tention, but the best pictures are the small ones, Tam pleased to sees less number of studies of the nude than I expected. The French are very apt to paint a nude, put in some back- ground and give the picture a fancy name. It is often not idealized in the leat, but is simply snaked woman. This year there are very few suel Imet many disappointed artists and some very cross ones. A sculptor created an excite- ment by throwing down and breaking his statue because it was not well placed. T am astonished to find a German names in the catalogue. They may be French artists from the Rhine valley. Por- traits abound. The best artists, as a general rule, have sent in nothing but portraits. I go to London next Wednesday. Academy exhibition is now open. I hope write you next week my impression of English art as compared With French. French have no particular style. Any style seems to 80 if it is effective, though at present the “im- Preasioniste’ have'a protty firm hold, Most of the now exhibitors favor a fo ———_+o. NEW PUBLICATIONS, A MILITARY GENIUS: Life of Anna Elia Carroll. Complied from Family Records and Con- gressional Documents. BLACKWELL Washington: Society. THE INSPIRATION OF THE BIBLE: A Square Talk to young. Men. By H. L. Hastings, edi- tor of “The Christian,” “Boston. Second Mil- lion. Boston: Scriptural Tract Repository. OUR COMMON BIRDS AND HOW TO KNOW THEM. By Jown B. Grant. With sixty-four — New York: Charles Scribner's Sona. ashington: Brentano's. EIGHT BOOKS OF CSAR’S GALLIC WAR. Wittta Raiwey Hal PhD..and Hex Foumax, PLD. ‘Rew Your number of Saran ELLEN oman'’s Suffrage Bex CUSHING Aimerican Book THE RUDDER GRANGERS ABROAD, and Other Stories. By FKaxx K. St0cKTON. " New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Washington: Brentano's. OUR DISTINGUISHED FELLOW-CITIZEN. B CaRLTON MOCARTHY, author of “Soldier Li A.N. Va.” Richmond: J. L. Hill Printing Co. MADEMOISELLE RENEE MAUPERIN. A Real- istic Novel, from the French of EDMOND and JULES DE GoxcouRT. New York: Belford Co. IN THE HEART OF THE STORM. By Maxwait, Guy, au fe Silence of ‘Mait- land,” ete. New York: D. Apploton ‘THE LAIRD 0’ COCKPEN. By “Rita,” author of “Sheba,” “Countess Daphne” etos ets: New York: United States Book Co. ALITTLE IRISH GIRL. the “Duchess,” ‘author of “Molly Bawn,” “Phyllis,” etc. Phila delphia: J.B. Lippincott tye GERMINIE LACERTEUX. A Novel. From the French of Epwonp and Ji ‘York: Belford Co. IN SPITE OF HIMSELF. From the French of Dusvr DE Lavoxsst. By Frank Howard Howe. New York: Belford Co, wEnowEe WIFE Poe WEDDED MAID. From French. jaMkS SCHOXBERG. New York: Belford Co, MONT-ORIOL. A Novel. from aa DE avrascawn ‘yee tone EIGHT Days. RE Touchstone ot pen Book Co. author of “The ‘ork: United States A WOODLAND JUEEN. ANDKE ‘Chicago: B &Co. MAGDALEN. A MAgiurTus: Rew Tork beltra Go, ~~ for Mra. me oF Sea) in | ville, in the members will also be the recipients of like | Dy" The Ro; 7 | he By | It's a pretty ran » | the check. oe NEWS FROM ROCKVILIE. Politics Getting Livety—Work of a Condem- nation Jury—Other Items, Rocxvium, May 16, 1891. Correaponden ce of The Evenins Star. Jury of condemnation, in charge of Sheriff to view the land to be condemned for that pur- pose. The jury after argument on the case of Samuel Lytton allowed him damages to the of Mr. Thos. Kirby at Bethesda and determine Set smnbans of amagee be is entitled to for Passage of the railroad through his erty at that place, Wm. Moore, ed paint wo highly ected cil suddenly this morning at the residence of his daughter, Mra. J. Clinton Dore; in this section of This morning about 4 o'clock Mr. Nathan Cooke Dickerson died at his residence in Bealle- Ville, in the eighty-second year of his age. Dur- ing many years Mr. Dickerson was one of the leading inen of the county, both in business and Politics, and nected for some time as county commissioner. He also held other positions of public trust. ‘The fine rain which fell here today was quite ‘s boon to farmers, as the wheat and grass crops were suffering from the drought. Politics, so far as the democrats are con- cerned, are getting lively in the county and from present appearances the number of can- didates seeking nomination on that ticket will large. There is scarcely a meeting or pub- lic gathering of any kind in the county but is by a score or more of these aspirants for votes, and if they ali conclude to have their names placed on the ticket at the primary elec- tion it will certainly be a lengthy one. Among the recent names announced are thoce of Mr. Eugene A. McAtee of the second election dis- trict, for county commissioner, and Mr. Chas. J. Maddox, jr., fourth district, for county sur- veyor. new building and loan association has been organized with Hattersly W. Tal- bott, president; A. J. Almoney, vice president, C. W. Prettyman, secretary; John R. Brunett, treasurer; H. Maurice Talbott, attorney. These entlemen, with Thomas Dawson, Warner W. elsh and W. R. Pumphrey, will also act as directors. This is a branch of a Baltimore as- sociation of the same kind. A gang of fifty-three Italian laborers arrived here yesterday on their way to the Great Falls of the Potomac, where they have been en- gaged to work on the repairs of the Chesa- peake and Ohio canal. ‘Two or three car loads of laborers of the same nationality also here on the Metropolitan Branch railroad for points on the canal west of this place, where they will be engaged in the same kind of work. Mr. Natban Cooke Dickerson, « highly re- spected citizen of thiscounty,now in his eighty- second year, is critically ill at his home in Beallsville. Mr. Thomas Culver, aged seventy years, died at his home in Colesville district on Sunday last, leaving a wife and two children. Mrs. Christiana Cashel, relict of the late Samuel 8. Cashell, died at her home near Olney 5 , ~4 nm. On Decoration day, 30th instant, the mem- bers of the Vermont Avenue Christian Endeavor Society of Washington will hold picmc in Homer's near this place. ‘They will be joined by similar societies from Hyattstown, Redland and Rockville, and it is expected that alarge crowd of friends of the order will be presen:. The Montgomery County Medical Society will “hold'a meeting at this place on Tuceday next, 19th instant. It is expected that the next semi-annual meeting of the Medical and Chi- rurgical Faculty of Tana will also be held =a aM. ° —_——— THE AWKWARD NOT ALWAYS SIMPLE. An Over-Confident Man Buys « Little Ex- perience. From the New York Tribune, timidly up to the hotel clerk and asked if Ar- mand Withersbee was in his room. “Armand Withersbee?” replied the hotel clerk. “Don’t know him.” “Hasn't he a room here?” asked the man. “Not parlor D,on the second foor?” he gasped, as he mopped his face with a handker- chief and produced a check for $100, payable to “Armand Withersbee,” drawn on the Fourth National Bank. “Did he tell you he lived here?” asked the clerk. “Yes,” answered the man, “and he promised to be here at 7 p.m. sharp to repay me the €40 borrowed from me.” “Been lending him money, eh?” “Why, yes, but he gave me good security. I wouldn't lend money to s man I had only known for a few hours without good security. He gave me this check for $100." iow much did you lend him on it?” “Forty dollars.” “<The bank was cloted and he had to got the money somewhere at once, to meet a pressing uth, yen; that itexactly. Hi , yes; that was it exactly. ee ly. How did you “‘Hear of them every day,” replied the clerk, “ana i their victims.” “Vietii You're one of them.” “Yes, you. You ought to know better than tolend money to casutl acquatutancns ‘ou may make in this greatcity. You must to keep your eyes open and read the newspapers. greenhorn that be taken in by that old dodge.” “Pll thank you not to call me a greenhorn, sir,” rey the man in an angry tone; “I no fool, Iean tell you. Iean read charac in the face. This Mr. Withers! “but I'm going to sit here Mr. Withersbee.” one sub ee Fhe tain tet ames San quamiiy man lown t ou the door for about katfen baa tr seat een nbaew ay Serna “You; I ain't to abandon human ee "ll come.” Sek weeaM “Bet you $10 he don't,” said the clork, tan- “Well, I'll risk it,” “ naw? it,” replied the man. “Who'll Wi saluted him, e: in check The Cag 4 wed An awkward-looking man walked somewhat | $3 ro 4 SLOouTION AND ORATORY. annual opens June Five Fae ERS at see BS eee, Se ten heanona, 80 for twenty lemone, x DOARDING AND DAE sd a Under th Bh leading edu tore and euite of Washo deer ey. ssf GAILLARD SCHUU! c Sim Ta ACES ove, AND PAINTING TavonT AFTER wethod by ties HLLRN A, Malcie SGUpGL, OF FRENCH LayacamecoNpooTED Spe Prot: Pout B. Vorwets prone a he Francs. Heduction of elaae race or form." 1334 Use. Osice hours 410 pm apaehet W Sana IN GONSERY x: 12u5 loth st. nw. twent: Ol * a to Parent Eeeve i etly. Crayon. pas painting. Saturday ot Seoere a ae areal ‘celebrates: ENCH OLASs AT a D BT. ednesays at 5 = Peduced PRUD HAMM L irotecatur ae rreweets A. © STARING onthe, Gay ang evening eesahone instruction: students prepared ior olvt sini tiudents advance rarwaiy ik writing, three wonthe, 810, vate sind mrviee ™ = ¥. SCHERL, THACHER OF PIANO, ORGAN, dateoiorarissies eee teres Fevtormnor or tachers” Taras ocderin® AMY C. TEAYED OF BOSTON, PIANO AND HARMONY. _Leesons during the em SLOCUTION, ORATORY DRAMATIC ACTION Ra Soy ee Bethiodd, 1317 13th et new ee i aps wee, 0 MBIA COLLEGE oF COMMERCE. cu are. oppomte city pow Secure a uncti wiisation st ater urine the vii macenas tS ‘asunacy f ‘of Bpencerian 1. of Science ool of Civil Rervice Tra oT mouthly rates. Day and night sessions, ‘ite or call tor’ Avustreted eurbouncensent ma fhe aka Y Speke, fomeret Tue BERLITZ SCHOOL OF LANGUAGES, ‘733 14th st. nw. Best and Most Practical Instruction. ’ ‘Terms #10. 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