Diario las Américas Newspaper, February 27, 1958, Page 12

Inter - American News for English - Speaking people er THE AMEHIDAS DAILY : Member Inter American Press Association e For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity SS Ey For a better understanding between the Americas MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1958 5th YEAR NUMBER 199 comes es a eee te SER EEN G@ 4 SAN ROMAN &. W. SMITR 8. SMITR President Vice President Vice President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Managine fditor HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President Editor and Manager Eliseo Riera-Gomez Advt. & Cire Mer. Publishea daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office ot Wiams Springs fla. op February $ 1850. EDITORIAL RESPECT FOR PUBLIC OPINION IN THE UNITED STATES Although there are reasons of temperament, there is no doubt that the political culture of the people in the United States determines, as fundamental factor, the res- pectful manner \in which political debates are held in this country, and the manner in which opinions of the citizens are heard, no matter to what political party they may belong. This degree of culture has made possible the existence of a Republic which carries this title on the solid founda- tion of its institutional and democratic meaning. The- refore, practicing republican life, the opposition parties do not consider those in power as enemies, and viceversa. On the contrary, both know that they are united by the ideal of the Fatherland and their love of freedom. When between those governing and those who are governed there is hate and arbitrariness, it is practically impossible to achieve a political understanding similar to that regulating relations among all the citizens in the United States, without membership in the two historical parties being a reason for divisions extending further than the political programs of those parties. It is to be hoped that the example of political co- existence of the. United States reflects throughout the Americas, so democracy may flourish, surrounded by res- pect, in all the sister republics, among which there are many that already constitute an example of republican dignity. HOMAGE TO THE DOMINICAN PEOPLE On the occasion of today’s commemoration of a new anniversary of the proclamation of independence in the Dominican Republic, THE AMERICAS DAILY sends cordial greetings to the people of that sister Nation, with sincere wishes for their wellbeing and progress, in the widest and noblest sense of the word. Important center of many of the aspects of colonial history of America, the Dominican Republic is looked upon with sympathy by all the Latin American countries, which see in the monuments and the outline of that nation a good reason for remembrances, interesting and full of emotion, for all the countries to which Spain brought civilization. On this day we express our best wishes that the Do- minican people achieve in full their aspirations and ideals, and send congratulations to the sons of Duart’s Father- land residing in the United States of America, in particu- jar the Hon. Ambassador to the White House, General Ma- nuel A. de Moya, and the Hon. Gabino Vega, Consul Ge- neral in Miami. ek OO Ie Me Latin American Finance and Trade News Reports OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXPORT TO LATIN AMERICAN NATIONS WASHINGTON, Feb. 24 (UP) —The Agriculture Sub-committee of the House reports that the best possibilities for an increase of exports to Latin America, seem to be in Brazil, Cuba and Venezuela. The report of the sub-committee, on the records of public hearings, was made public by the Budget Committee of the House, in con- nection with the consideration of new funds for the Agriculture Department. The report reads: “The market of South America for U. S. agri- cultural products is very limited, although in recent years some in- crease has been made of our own agricultural products and some in crease is in sight. “Presently Venezuela and Cuba are our best Latin American cus tomers, and there is a possibility of a greater increase in the future. Prospects of sales in Brazil are good. Probably it will take from five to ten years to expect a greater expansion, “On the other hand prospects in Chile and Peru are not encourag- ing in view of the foreign exchange situation and our restrictions of the mineral imports of those coun: tries and the low prices of their minerals. “Argentine has neither dollars nor need of our agricuitural pro- ducts, as she produces many of them. The few dollars available she uses in the purchase of indus trial imports, Future business with Panama depends upon the help the United States may give to improve the standard of living there. “Although Costa Rica is a small country prospects seem to be good. If Costa Rica is developed it will be a good market for American products, including a great part of agricultural products, “The visito México was short However some American products were seen in the stores and oppor- tunities seem attactive.’ The Committee declares that American technical help to the countries visited proved to be a good investment of American dollars. “The Committee believes the help already given is enough for the time being. However, some of the foreign officials interviewed | believe the United States is not | paying the necessary attention to Latin American countries in her Foreign Aid program. “The Committee perfectly agrees |that assistance with well trained | technical Americans is essential for | the maintenance of strong ties with these countries. “Argentine is the only possible. exception. Our Ambassador there work of Point Four in eivil avia- |tion. There are some doubhts | whether we must bring the Point | Four there, although Argentina has asked for it. Argentina is well prepared and capable, and feels |some pride. Cannot be considered a under-developed country, and it |is doubtful the United States may obtain any benefit with Point Four in Argentina.” PAA Sets New Record fer Traffic to Latin America Miami was again Pan American World Airways’ busiest U. S. gate- way to Latin America in 1957, top- ping all records in passenger, car- go and mail volume. Clipper passengers flying to and from Latin America through Mia- mi totaled 567,620; cargo weighed ir at 40, 324,273 pounds, and mail amouted to 3,137,746 pounds. Despite this increased business, however, the airline reported that profits are not commensurate with the greater volume because of ris- ing costs in all phases of opera- tions. The 1957 passenger volume through Miami was 7 per cent more than the 530, 566 travelers handled in 1956, Cargo showed an even lustier gain — 28 per cent above the 1956 total of 31,505,591 pounds, Mail was 2 per cent over the previous year’s 3,082,742 pounds, Running second to Miami in Latin American 1957 traffic was New York’s idlevild Airport which recorded 364,914 Clipper passen- gers, 18, 23,825 pounds of cargo and 2,272,166 pounds of mail flown to and from Latin America during the year, | | intends to initiate there the first | | guay’s representative to the White} |that “one of the fields of endeavor jin which we must strive for rew |due observance of what is known Ambassador Julio Lacarte, Uru- House and the Organization of} American States, declared in a speech before the Committee of One Hundred at Miami Beach, progress, is connected with the! as human rights”, “The American regional system —he said— was the first to actual- | ly draft and approve a Declara- tion of the Rights and Duties of Man, which was one of the great achievements of the Bogota Con- ference, in 1948. Within a few weeks, we shall commemorate the tenth anniversary of this docu-| ment, which preceded by some} eight months the Universal De- ele ation of Human Rights ap- proved on December 10, 1948, by the United Nations, “Since then, the world organiza- tion has been studying the text of| two proposed Conventions, one on Civil and Political Rights and the other on Economic, Social and Cul- tural Rights, which have still to be concluded and are intended} Know thy Neighbor By ANTONIO RUIZ ARGENTINA — Development of industry in Argentina between 1880 and 1930 was rapid and somewhat paradoxical, considering that the country lacked the main requirements for industrialization, namely, coal, electric power, iron ore, and metals. The country’s growing foreign trade brought in the essential imports of fuel and machinery from Great Britain, which was, at the same time, the country’s chief market for grain and beef exports. European immigration supplied the bulk of artisans, mechanics and industrial workers and tech- nicians. The financing of the in- dustrial movement was provided at the beginning by British capit- al, until about 1870, when French, German, Swiss, and Italian invest- | ments became an important fac- | tor. The Argentine Industrial Cen- sus of 1895 listed 22,204 industrial establishments; by 1914 the third national census showed an increase to 48,779 of which half were classi- fied as “factory type,” including those engaged in the processng of agricultural and livestock pro- ducts. A two-year slump, aggravated briefly by the outbreak of World) War I, ended in 1915. The next ten-year period was marked by an} even greater industrial expansion | than before, in which the chief factors were: 1) the world-wide demand for Argentine food pro- ducts and wool, as the result of wartime shortages; and 2) the ex- panded domestic market for manu- factured products, which the war prevented Argentina from pur- chasing abroad. United States industrial invest- ments, which prior to the war con- sisted chiefly in packing plants, | expanded greatly both during aft: | er the war, in the form of branch | factories for the production of ele- | vators, agricultural machinery, ce- | ment and petroleum products. Although industrial progress was checked by the worldwide depres- sion which began in 1929, it forg- ed ahead after 1931. Domestic manufacturing for’ the growing home market was greatly stimulat- ed in the decade after 1930, as was the case during World War I and again after World War II. By the end of the second war, the value of industrial production had doubl- ed and the volume had increased by 27 per cent. Industrial expansion during the last quarter of a century has made Argentina self-sufficient in the following items: rayon, cotton and woolen textiles, and knit goods; shoes and leather goods; incan- descent lamps and frniture; brass and copper pipe, acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, as well as others. The country is partially self-sufficient in cement, caustic soda, ammonia and other chemi- cals; paper pulp paper and car- board, rayon yarn, rolled iron and steel, steel pipe and wire, electric motors, dynamos, agricultural ma- chinery (except tractors), casks and barrels. During the past years, produc- tion has increased substantially in rubber manufactures, construction materials and pharmaceutical pro- ducts, Nylon factories have been We Must Strive for More Human Rights Protection Uruguayan Diplomat Says, both to define the human rights to be protected, and to devise means for their application and control. “It is interesting to note that Uruguay proposed, some time ago, the creation of the post of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, as a way of. ensur- ing the utmost vigilance over the due respect of the essential rights of man”. After outlining progress al- ready made in Europe and other parts of the world, the Uruguayan diplomat said “the Council of the OAS should continue its studies on the jurisdictional protection of human ‘rights, on the basis of the plans already existing and in the light of its own experience, analy- zing as well the possibility that an Inter-American Court for the Protection of Human Rights be established”. He declared that “this is a wor- thy aim” that should be reached} in spite of many obstacles, and| quoted the Preamble to the Char- ter of the Organization of Ameri- can States, in which the signatories are: “Confident that the true signifi-| cance of American solidarity and good neighborliness can only. mean the consolidation of this continent, within the framework of democra- tie institutions, of a system of in- dividual liberty and social justice based on respect for the essential rights of man”. “Within the field of economic cooperation —the distinguished di- plomat said— there is a conside- rable trend of thought to the ef- fect that trade and capital move- ments among the American repu- blics remain below the level they could attain. Already, about 23% of your exports go to Latin Amer- ican, and one third of your invest- ments are in the same area. Yet, | the potential strength of the re- gion is so enormous that a wide scopes remains for further pro- gress”, He mentioned concern In Latin | America regarding the European | Common Market and the efforts to create a Latin American Com- mon Market, and said: “Of course, yours is the most | important commercial and finan-| cial nation in the world today, and | Latin American follows closely the) trends of this economy. The con- sideration by Congress of the rene- wal of the Trade Agreements Act, | constitutes a case in point’’. He pointec out that the U.S. ex- ports a great deal more than it imports, making up for the deficit with loans and grants, and quoted Sen. Albert Gore, who recently said: “There is one simple rule in any consideration of foreign trade that cannot be avoided: if we sell, we must buy. We were able, in 1956, to sell about 19 billion worth of merchandise abroad, while receiv- ing $12.6 billion in imports. We must face the fact that we can- in this volume, much) less expect to expand our exports, unless we are willing to permit imports”, HEMISPHERIC EVENTS EXIMBANK ATTACKED BY CHILEAN PAPER SANTIAGO —(UP)— “El Mer- curio” continues its strong criti- cism of the World Bank stating that the policy of that institution in the granting of loans, already harmed Western Nations with its refusal to finance the Aswan dam, in Egypt. It adds this may also happen to Latin America. It points out that because of its refusal to loan Egypt $300,000, 000 to build the dam, President Nasser nationalized the Suez canal and since then a dangerous “anti- imperialist” policy was initiated in that country. PEIXOTO NOMINATED FOR RIO GOVERNOR NITEROI, Brazil —(UP)— The Regional Directory of the Social Democratic Party designed Ama- ral Peixoto, Ambassador to the U. S., as candidate for Rio de Janei- ro Governor in the elections of Oc- tober. y The designation is virtually equivalent to a proclamation, al- ly be ratified by the Party State convention, April 19. The provisional Party President, upon announcing Peixoto’s desg- nation) revealed the candidacy is established, as well as laboratories for the manufacture of penicillin, Spanish Version Page 3 supported by the Social Progres- sive Party and the Popular Repre- not expect to continue to. export} though the candidacy must formal-| to: Mufioz Marin Will Testify on Latin American Relations SAN JUAN, P.R., Feb, 26— (UP)— The Governor of ‘Puerto Rico, Luis Mufoz Marin, has ae- cepted an invitation of Senator Theodore Frances Green, Chair- man of the Senate Foreign Rela- tions Committee, to testify in Washington about Inter American relations, Governor Mujioz Marin said he he expects to leeve for Washing- ton for that purpose on March 10, Kubitschek Orders Invitation Sent to Dr. Frondizi RIO DE JANEIRO. — Brazilian President Juscelino Kubitschek has given instructions to the Mi nistry of Foreign Relations to in- vite the Argentine President-elect Dr. Arturo Frondizi, to visit this country before assuming the Pre- sidency. At the same time, he instrueted the Foreign Office to send con- gratulations both to the winning candidate and the President of the Provisional Government, General Pedro E. Aramburu, for ‘:the magnificent show of democracy demonstrated with Sunday’s elec: tions.” Meanwhile, Brazilian press greets the elections as a victory for free- dom in Latin America, but some express doubt about Argentina’s future under Frondizi. The press is unanimous in its praise of the role of the Provisional. Government during the elections, Cuban Gunmen Attack Finance Agency in the Heart of Havana HAVANA, Feb, 26 — (UP) — Revolutionary gunmen this morn- ing attacked the offices of the Na- tional Financing Agency at Amar- gura and Cuba Streets in the heart of Old Havana, and burned several files, after disarming the guards. The attackers quickly got away taking several employees with them. The initial reports do not say | exactly what files were destroyed. The National Financing Agency (Financiera Nacional) houses sev- eral divisions of Cuba’s National Foreign Economic Stability as Well as WASHINGTON. — The Presi- dent-eleet of Guatemala, General Miguel Ydigoras Fuentes, during his press conference here, gave signs of a deep political sagacity and of a democratic conviction undoubtedly the result of his years of exile and his long stay in Europe. He surprised some with certain assertions which, indisputably, save him from what was said about him during the electoral campaign. We point out, particularly, the fol- lowing statements made by him: “T -will live in my own home Jeaving the Presidential Palace va- cant. My greatest desire as’ ruler is to live close to my people with- out separations by the guards who make of the Chief of State a pa- lace prisoner. As a family man, I want to preserve my daily home life”, : Later, the President-elect em-| phasized the manner in which} President Lemus of El Salvador, | and President Villeda-Morales of Honduras, live, saying that he no- ticed they only had one or two guards, and then he mentioned President Figueres of Costa Rica, who, he said, did not even have that. Referring to the magnicide of which the late President Castillo Armas ‘was victim, the President- elect assured that because of a spirit of justice and to comply with the majority position of his people, he would not rest until discovering who was or were the authors of the crime which ended the life of the chief of the Anti- Communist Liberation Movement of, Guatemala. Up to now, the name of the soldier who shot the bullet is known, but Guatemala wants to know and to punish those who inspired that hideous crime. Referring to the democratic process, he affirmed he was great- ly impressed by the fact that in England the opposition party re- ceives a subsidy in order to carry out its activities as such, and he added, “unfortunately in Guatema- la the people will pay 85 cents or a dollar to go to the movies, it reduces its alms when it goes to ehurch, and spends nothing to maintain the democratic activity of the parties until the moment the electoral campaigns actually start. This encourages political continusm which later, inclusively, degenerates not only into the im- ‘position of a candidate if conti- nuation is not possible, but that in other circumstances leads also to the establishment of dynas- ties”. “The electoral law in Guatemala has 17 chapters contained in writ- Bank, sentative Party. Signs appeared in the proclaiming the candidacy. Principal oponent of Peixoto is Roberto Silveira, leader in the State of Labor Party heirs of Ge- tulio Vargas. FRONDIZI‘S ELECTION NO PERONIST VICTORY SANTIAGO —(UP)— Florencio Galleguillos, Chilean Deputy in- vestigating Peronist infiltration in this country in 1955, declared those who think that Peronism has triumphed with Artuto Fron- dizi are mistaken. _, On the contrary, he affirmed, it is evidence of a vigorous demo- cratic awakening, tending to a re- storation of democracy im the neighbor country. s Tipical Peronism, he added, was represented by Atilio Bramuglia, ex minister of Foreign Relations of Juan Perén, who said Peronists would cast blank votes with or without Perén’s order. “I have been informed, on the other hand, that Frondizi never made any pact with the ex-Dicta- r. The Argentine President-elect is a faithful example of the demo- cratic movements struggling for streets 1 justice and liberty in Latin Ameri- ca”, COFFEE GROWERS IN CONTROL AGREEMENT ing in a pamphlet, but also it has BOGOTA —(UP).— Golombia, Brazil and the Central American coffee growers, agreed upon a mu- tual system of controls in order to totally comply with the interna- tional agreement about witholding of part of the production of those countries. The agreement was reached dur- ing the meeting in this city by re- presentatives of the coffee grow- ers countries. Central American countries and Colombia will carry the control onthe Brazilian with- holdings. On the other hand, Bra- zil will maintain the same control upon the Central American and Colombian ‘withholdings, in order to prevent excessive exports from causing price drops. “MONSTER” TERRORIZES COLOMBIAN FARMERS P.)— Some groups of farm work- ers say they have been threatened by a savage in the wilderness, who they hope to attract with food placed in spots which they think the monster will reach, The work- ers say he is completely naked and that he only speaks gutural sounds They have described him as com- pletely covered with hair and with Ydigoras \ Continuism, Dynasties in Latin American Countries Will Guarantee and Encourage all Investments, he Stability Brings Political Declares Democracy, he Says an unwritten one which can be summed up in conspiration from within and outside the palace, in- cluding the painful circumstance of magnicide”. Referring to his tour of Central | America, he declared that through | \it he was trying to cement an: eco-| nomic unity which could be trans-| lated into a common market. “Economic stability is what cer- tainly assures political stability and with it the functioning of a positive democracy”. Concerning the coffee problem, the President-elect talked about} the enormous importance of main-| taining fair prices for this product | on which depends not only Guate-| mala’s’ economy but that of the majority of the nations of Latin) America. iews Polit ical éy centigrade Three Latin American Armies Have Well Fulfilled a Historie Responsibility Ia Honduras, Colombia and Argentina, countries that have been ruled temporarily by pro- visional military governments the people went recently to the polls in an atmosphere of demoe- | Taey, to lay down the founda- tions for the constitutional re- organization of their respective Republics, With only slight vari- ations in procedure, Honduras, Colombia and Argentina have provided magnificent proofs of earnestness, the first with elee- tions that exalted Villeda Mora- les to the Presidency; the see- ond, with a plebiscite of trans: cendental meaning to determine the new routes for national res- toration; and the third, with About relations with the United} States, he was enthusiastically | friendly and stated that the basic| points of his interview with Pre-| sident Eisenhower centered around the health of the Guatemalan people since, as he expressed, a sick people cannot progress in a dignified manner, and around United States economic aid} |through the International Coope- ration Administration (ICA). Concerning investments of for- eign and native capital, he was very definite declaring himself without doubt in favor of not only guaranteeing them but also of encouraging them. In answer to a specific question concerning the United Fruit Com- pany, he said: “She was a pro- blem in the past, but at present she is not, and I expect that re- lations between her and my go- vernment will be carried out in a justified cordial manner. Concerning the question of la- bor organizations, the President- elect expressed his belief of res- pecting them as such and only observed that he considered that for the better benefit of the labor movement there should be esta- blished in the leadership of those organizations a necessary and healthful alternativeness of their leadefs since, just as in politics, that is a basic principle, consider- ing that in the labor organizations there also should exist a renova- tion of leadership, which would guarantee against their corruption and the constant improvement of them. ’ The interview undoubtedly. de- veloped in a climate of cordiality and frankness which honors the President-elect and its organizers, the Chargé d’ Affaires of Guate- mala. in Washington, Mr. Julio Asensio-Wunderlich, and Mr. Cur- tis J. Hoxter. Latin American News in Brief — tact with civilization. PERUVIAN .GOVERNMENT FORBIDS CARNIVALS LIMA — (UP) — The Govern- ment has forbidden the Carnival in all Peri, through a decree, be- ginning 1959. In the future the so called Car- nival Monday and Tuesday will be working days. People who want to hold cos- tume parties on a paying basis in Carnival days must file an appli- cation with the Police. k The measure prohibiting a fes- tival dating since the Viceroyalty, has been adopted for many rea- sons, mainly the fact that every year the number of casualties in the celebrations grows, amounting to the thousands in Lima alone, STEEL PRODUCTION UP IN MEXICO MEXICO CITY (UP)— Méxi- eo’s iron and steel industry has tripled its output in the past ten years and reached an annual pro- duction of 1,040,000 tons, it was announced today. Pascual Gutierrez Roldan, Chair- enormous teeth, However, they think he must be some child aban- doned in the forest some years past, probably during the violent political struggle in those regions, and that he grew up without con- man of the National Chamber of the iron and sieel industry and Manager of Altcs Hornos de Mé- xico, said that plans are to in- crease steel output in the next five years to over 2,000,000 tons. presidential elections that will open a new chapter in Argen- tinian life, when the constitu- tional term of Dr. Arturo Fron- dizi gets started on May Ist. To this moment, there is no reason to doubt of the integri of the conduct of the crataneg these three Nations, and there Is No reason either to think that they may destroy their moralizing job, by supporting or by performing actions harmful to the dignity of the Republic. These armies are conscious of their historic Tesponsibility; they were decisive forces, or impor- tant determining factors, at least, in the change from dicta- torship to democracy; and they have already had ample time rete eaat aad to prove their patriotic intentions by retyrni: to the people, tieoten an banage and decorous process, their po- litical sovereignty. i In the history of Honduras, of Colombia and of Argentina —if nothing darkens this chapter of dignity— the armed forces will be accorded national and con- tinentalwide Tecognition, inas- much as they will have effee- tively contributed to the ze establishment of the genuinely institutional order, which neces: sarily implies peaceful existence, democracy, respect of humap rights and administrative integ- rity. 2 For those who, for reasons: of authority or for any other cir- cumstances, were determining. factors behind the actions of these armies in the face of insti- tutional crises in their respec- tive countries, the judgment of posterity will be the best re- ward. As of- now, they must already feel, perhaps in the mid= dle of many passing hardships, the moral gratification produced by the knowledge that they have been the artificers in the job for the democratic reconstruc: tion of their Republics. ee AMNESTY BY HAITIA' GOVT. BRINGS OUT POLITICAL REFUGEES PORT-Au-Prince — (UP) — As a consequence of the amnesty de- creed by the President of the Re- public, Francois Duvalier, politi- cians of the opposition are being released from prison, and coming out from their hidings and from other places where they had sought asylum, : An estimate of one hundred per- sons for political reasons were jailed, and an approximate num- ‘ber were hiding for periods from four to eight menths. The Government has not af- nounced the names of those. re- leased from prison, but some haye been seen in the streets, the ex- Mayor of this Capital among them, Ex-Under Secretary of the In- terior Max Bolte left the asylum in the Venezuewwn Embassy when he received securities given to Ve- nezueian Ambassador by the Fors eign Relations Minister of Haiti, EX-PRESIDENT'S NEPHEW ARRESTED IN HAVANA “HAVANA, Feb. — Unofficial sources report that Manuel Hevia, young nephew of the ex-President of the Republic, Engineer Carlos Hevia, was arrested at a movie theatre in the Cuba capital, accus- ed, it seems, of distributing poll- tical leaflets. . pe a ExPresident Hevia is no’ resident of Miami, a8 a . {