Diario las Américas Newspaper, December 17, 1957, Page 12

li ie / : i } / | { | a ete : Inter - American News for English - Speaking people ee 5th YEAR G A SAN ROMAN President FR. ISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Managing fditor c. W. Vice . SMITR 8. SMITR President Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice @resident Editor and Manager Eliseo Riera-Gomez Advt. & Cire Mer SA Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs Pla op February 8 1950 NN 2 EY C<DITORIAL GOOD EXAMPLE OF POLITICAL COOPERATION When President Eisenhower called, for consultations of great national significance, his most outstanding political opponent, Adlai E. Stevenson, he was sure that the states- man would answer the call, in order to lend his advice in something of great importance for the Republic regarding her international relations. With a high sense of civic responsibility, the twice candidate to the Presidency, defeated by Eisenhower, ar- rived in Washington to study the problems placed under his consideration and give his opinion on the matter. All matters connected with the current Conference of the powers belonging to the North Atlantic Treaty Organi- zation are very serious, and the President of the United States wanted, with very good judgment, to know the view- point of the head of the opposition, Mr. Stevenson, a person of recognized and great ability. Without disregarding the interests of their own parties, Eisenhower and Stevenson, acting in a highly patriotic man- ner, exchanged opinions on certain matters which, by nature, are of great international importance for the United States. Gestures like these are frequent in the United States, even in matters like the one we are commenting, which did not require at all Mr. Stevenson’s opinion. However, for the sake of greater peace of mind, as it were, for the Exe- cutive, the above mentioned statesman of the opposition was called, so that he may contribute to enlighten the poli- cies that, in this case, the Government should adopt. These beautiful gestures of national cooperation are the product of a high sense of civic responsibility, and na- turally, are based on the democratic sincerity which, here, makes up the government and forms the opposition. In humanly irrefutable elections, popular wishes are what de- termine who will make up the government and who will make up the opposition. And Mr. Stevenson knows very well that Eisenhower is in the White House, only because he obtained more votes from the people of the United States. In reality, what happens is that, as Stevenson said during the previous election, in his congratulatory message to Eisenhower, when Eisenhower won in the elections: that which unites us as citizens is parates us as politicians. x *& *® stronger than that which se- Ke Latin American Finance and Trade News Reports latin American Economy Union Proposed in México MEXICO (UP)— An _govern- ment official suggested that the Latin American countries, which mainly export raw materials, should reduce their offers to the world market in order to get bet- ter prices. Miguel Manterola, Director of Commerce of the Department of Economy, insisted that México should take the iniciative in creat- ing a Latin American Economy Union. A group of seven Latin Ameri- ean nations recently met here to limit their coffee sales in the world market in order to stabilize prices. The National Foreign Com- merce Bank recently suggested in its “Foreign Commerce” publica- tion, that “perhaps the most im- portant aspect of the Mexican Cof- fee Agreement was the effort for Latin American co-operation which it showed, which could well be used as an example for other important articles on the Latin American export list.” Manterola said that one of the principal problems of the less de- veloped countries is that they have to buy manufactured articles at high prices and sell raw materials at low prices. “The only solution which is practical — he said — would be to reduce the offers of raw ma- terials in the world market.” Manterola stated that this could be done with various products, ap- parently taking into account the coffee agreement. BOLIVIA IMPLEMENTING HIGHWAY PROGRAM WASHINGTON, D. C. — Excep- tional progress in the highway field has been made in Bolivia since the Bolivian-American Co- operative Road Service took over the administration of certain roads according to Gordon Dabney, Di- rector of the Service. Since February 1956, when the Cooperative began its maintenance and betterment program, vehicle travel has increased 400 per cent. Throughout the last rainy season, all roads maintained by the Co- Operative remained open for the first time. In addition to increased traffic, trucks can now carry a third more payload because of the (mp:oved road conditions. Originally responsible for 1240 miles of highways, the Cooperative now administers 1984 miles under some of the toughest road condi- tions on earth, including rainfall - of up to 270 inches a year. During the last rainy season, for instance, one road slid 800 feet down a mountain and had to be complete- ly rebuilt. Servicio has six districts with headquarters in La Paz, Cocha- bamba, Oruro, Sucre, Camiri, and Tarija. One of the more important roads being built is the one run- ning from San Pedro to Caranivi, a distance of 22 miles. When finished, it will complete the link- age of La Paz with Santa Cruz. Servicio recently took over con- trol of three more roads. One, from Oruro to Sucre, is 279 miles long; the second, from Achacacchi to Puerto Costa, is 74 miles in length, and the third, running from Palo Blanco to Sanandita, is 56 miles. The Bolivian part of the Pan American Highway is now passable in all weather except for one short section not maintained by Servi- | cio. IMF EXTENDS BOLIVIAN STAND-BY ARRANGEMENT WASHINGTON — The one-year stand-by arrangements of the In- ternational Monetary Fund and the U. S. Treasury with Bolivia have been extended by one month, to the end of December of this year. Under the original arrangement with the Fund, which made $7.5 million available, Bo livia purchased $3 million in Dec- ember 1956 and $1 million in Jan- uary 1957 It nas not drawn upon the $7.5 million made available by the U S. Treasury. CABLE PLANT FOR VENEZUELA WASHINGTON, D. C. — Vene- zuela will get a new electrical cab- le plant under an agreement re- cently concluded between two U. S. firms, Zenera. Tire and Rubber Company and General Cable Com- pany, and the italian firm CEAT, Turin tire manufacturers. The new concern, to be located at Valencia, will be known as CE AT Genera] Indvstria Nacional de Cables Fléctricos y Telefénicos. The stock will be divided one third each to CEAT and General Cable and the balance will be held jointly by General Tire and a group of Venezuelans, The company will produce $6 million to $8 million worth of rubber and paper insulated cable annually, | gress flow into the interior of Bra- | Communist Catholic Chu RIO DE JANEIRO, Dec. 16 (UP) — Colonel Danilo Nufez, Chief of the Brazilian Political Po- lice, in a special U. P. interview | in this capital, said that the coun- try’s communist party is planning to return to political activites with a new man and a new program which has been totally revised to make it seem more democratic. The principal theme of their pro- paganda and campaign will be na- tionalism, to incite the Brazilian people to a nationalistic spirit against powers such as the U. S. Niifiez said that the main reason red leader, Luis Carlos Prestes has Know thy eighbor By ANTONIO RUIZ BRAAL — Regarding territor- ial expansion, the history of Bra- zil has some resemblance to that of the United States. Both spread | out to the west and both had to} struggle against the Indians, and | the hardships of the backlands. In} both cases, determined pioneers had to open trails of penetration in their desire to conquer new lands. Even today it is along these routes that civilization and pro- zil. The North Americans, however, began their task later and com- pleted it sooner In less that a cen tury they crossed the continent from coast to coast, sowing the seed of civilization that the pil- grims had brought with them. Bra- zil started earlier, in the first cen- tury after her discovery, and has} not yet reached the journey’s end. For, though its explorers soon at- tained the farthermost limits of their territorial expansion, giving | the colony a grester area than that | of the United States. they left be- hind enormous stretches of virgin lands inhabited by people as pri- mitive as those encountered by the first Portuguese who landed at the Atlantie shores at the be ginning of the 16th. century. yy The Portuguese and the Spanish had been for a long time disput- ing each other the priorities of overseas discoveries and the con- quest of new lands, The fleets of | the two countries sailed on long voyages, returning laden with fa- bulous wealth from the lands they had found: gold precious stones, rare fabrics from India and China, spices from Malscea, etc. For that reason, the news of the discovery of America by Colombus, in the name of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, was not well received at the Court of the Portuguese King, Dom Joao II. To avoid a war between the twu countries, Pope Alexander VI div- ided the world w be conquered by a line that was to pass 100 leagues to the west of Cape Verde Islands, an archipelago 300 miles from the coast of Africa East of this line of demarcation. all the land dis- covered was to belong to the King of Portugal. west of it to the Span- | ish Monarchs, In the vear 1494 Portugal and Spain agreed, by the Treaty of Tordesillas to extend this limit 370 leagues farther west from the islands, and thus they traced the | Line of Tordesillas, separating the |Spanish and the Portuguese worlds. When Brazil was discover ed six years jater by Pedro Al- varez de Cabral, a Portuguese ad- miral, the geographer calculated that the line of demarcation cut’ through the new land from the site of the present city of Belem Ge Para, at the mouth of the Ama- zon River, to a place called Lagu- na, in what is now the State of Santa Catarina. In that way the limits of Brazil were estanlishea even before the country ..was discovered, and this also explains why, in South Ame- vica, the Portuguese settled on the Atlantic side and coast. Eighty years later however, Philip II of Spain. was acknowledged also as king of Portugai. and the two Iber ian kingdoms were united under one crown in 1580, The Tordesillas Line ceased then to have any sig- nificance, Both Spanish and Portu- guese could then extend their conquests all over the world without hindrance, since they belonged to the same mon- arch The Portuguese began to ex- plore west of the line of demarca- tion and to occupy terrtory be yond it, in the direction of the Spanish colonies established on the Pacific coast, and in a few years the area of Brazil was more than doubled. Spanish Version Page 3 ondersternding between fhe Anvericas Infiltration in Brazil Reaches Even rch Groups asked the courts to annul the ar- rest order against him, is precisely in order to direct new activities and reorganize the party. Prestes’ request is now being studied by Judge José Montradi, and it is is expected that it will be granted, as it is based on the same arguments used in favor of red chiefs Iguatemi Ramos, Austroge- silo Pereira, and Fernando Lacer- da. Prestes has been inactive since 1952, when he was accused of sedi- tion for having signed a commun- ist party document which violent- ly attacked the government. Niiffiez stated that when Prestes “returns to legality” he will con- sentrate on consolidating red for- ces, presently divided into three different groups: the traditionals, headed by Prestes; the nationals of the “renovating group,” headed by Abel Dobarata; and the Trot- skys, headed by independent red leader, José Mahin Lapirism. Meanwhile, Jaime Cardinal Ca- mara, Archbishop of Rio de Janei- ro, said that communist agitators have managed to infiltrate into Brazilian catholic organizations, in their clandestine campaign to con- vert democratic groups into com- munist spokesmen, He lashed out at both the left and right wing politicians for hav- ing failed in their duties to fight communism. He said that the reds take advantage of reactionary con- servatism and the closeness of the left wing to Marxist materialism. He added that in a recent ex- amination for vacant posts in cath- olie radio stations, the communists won the first six positions. Luck- ily he said, an investigation kept them from getting the positions. He also said that a “commun- ist group” has recently been ex- posed in a Rio de Janeiro congre- gation. The Cardenal stated that the communist campaign to gain pop- ularity in Brazil is developing through a well organized and co- ordinated plan. “Radio Moscow,” he said, trans- mitts very intelligent programs of penetration and conquest every night in Spanish. In Prague, com- munism has an institute for the study of Indo American relations, where they prepare agitators, spies and saboteurs. “There is a so called Atlantic Junta operating in Montevideo, which orients the operations of the communists in Argentina and Chile.” Stressing that the people have “too quickly forgotten the martiry | of Hungary,” Monsenior de Barros Camara ended by _ saying; “we do not deserve God’s protection against communism because we have done nothing to avoid the Pérez Jiménez Wins Majority in Venezuelan Plebiscite CARACAS, Venezuela (UP) — The government claimed over- whelming victory today in a na- tionwide plebiscite on whether to keep President Marcos Pérez Ji- ménez’s regime'‘in power for five more years. The victory meant automatic re- election of a government — spon- sored single list of candidates for a new House of Representatives. An estimated 3 million Venezue- lans voted in Sunday’s election. They had only two choices: yes or no. There was no slate in oppo- sition to Pérez Jiménez. An hour after the polls closed, Interior Minister Laureano Va- llenilla Lanz announced that re- ports from poll watchers all over the country gave the government 2,182,000 out of 2,700,000 votes cast by 2 P. M. The first official results, from two sections of Caracas, tended to support the ratio. There were 52,- 262 affirmative votes to 14,359 ne- gative. Another 2,871 ballots were declared void or blank. Since all ballot boxes were be- ing sent to Caracas for tabulating complete results were not expect- ed to be announced before the middle of the week. MANAGUA OVER UNDERGROUND LAKE MANAGUA (UP)— It has been discovered that this capital is built over a subterranian lake. The discovery was made when a well was excavated in the build- ing of the Christian Brothers in order to build a swimming pool. The liquid element was found to be 19 meters deep. Managua is surrounded by six lagoons and Lake Xolotlan. The water comes down from the near evil.” mountains. Latin American Population Growth Faster Than in Other World Zones WASHINGTON, Dee. 16 (UP)— The Population Reference Bureau, Ine., a private firm Which is de- dicated to the study of the grow- ing world population, says, in its December bulletin that population in Latin America is growing more rapidly than in any other part of the world. The bulletin says that it is not unusual for an annual 3 per cent increase in the Central American nations, while from 2 to 2 1-2 per cent is “typical” in “tropical South America.” Citing a report of the United Nations about population, the bul- letin say that the majority of the Latin American countries “have registered a significant decrease in mortality in the post-war pe- riod.” This rate is between 10 and 20 in a year out of a thousand. The birth rate, nevertheless, “in general terms,” is the highest in the world — from 40 to 50 a year out of a thousand — with Argen- tina and “probably” Uruguay as HEMISPHERIC EVENTS CRUZ SALAZAR RUNS FOR PRESIDENT GUATEMALA— Colonel José Luis Cruz Salazar has resigned from his post as Guatemalan Am- bassador to Washington to enter the presidential race on the Re- publican Party ticket. The party chose him by acclamation during a convention held here.At its con- vention held last Sunday, the Na- tionalist Democratic Movement(M DN) party uninamously voted to back Col. Cruz Salazar as its can- “notable exceptions.” The _ birth rate of these two countries accord- ing to the organization’s estimate, is near 25 out of a thousand per year. The life span in Latin America is estimated at this time as be- tween 40 and 50 years, says the or- ganization. The infant death rate, it adds, is around 125 to 175, with the exception of Argentina and Uruguay, where it is around 100. They list Puerto Rico and Japan as the two countries which have most drastically reduced their birth rate since 1950. In the case of Puerto Rico, the post war industrial advance, the highest grade of education and im- migration, have all helped to re- duce the birth rate from 42.2 in 1947 to 34.0 in 1956. In the case of Japan, the legali- zation of abortion and sterilization for economic and social reasons, has contributed in reducing the birth rate from 34.3 in 1947 to 18.5 in 1956. Latin American didate for the presidency in the January 19 elections. MEXICAN WAR GAMES ARE SUSPENDED CUERNAVACA,MEXICO, (UP) —The annual war games held near this resort city as part of Mexicois Military College final exa minations, were ordered suspended after three officers were killed and six others badly wounded by the explosion of a mortal shell. The tragedy was attributed to a defective shell which exploded Grancolombiana to Extend Its Service to Pert NEW YORK, Dec. 16 (UP) — The services of the Grancolombia- na Merchant Fleet will be extend- ed to Pert, on their route from New York and other ports of the U. S. North Atlantic Coast. The announcement was made by the company President, Alvaro Diaz, who said that the new ser- vice will be inaugurated on the 3rd of January with the departure of the S. A. “Ciudad de Tunja” from New York to Callao and Ilo, on the Peruvian coast. The line also has routes from Philadelphia and Baltimore. This will give Pert service by the Grancolombiana from three coasts; the Atlantic, which will be weekly; the Pacific, which has been every two weeks for two years; and the Gulf coast, which is every 10 days. Besides, Callao and Io, which will be terminals, Grancolombiana will serve the Peruvian ports of Mancora, Talara, Paita, Pacasma- yo, Salaverry, Chimbote, Huacho, Chancay, Pisco, and Mollendo, Diaz said that the new service “will give Peruvian exporters and importers more cargo space and a new source of transport, especial- ly for exporting minerals and oth- er natural resources of Peri.” Red Infiltration in El Salvador SAN SALVADOR (UP)—~ The President of El Salvador, José Ma- ria Lemus, stated that, from abroad, communists are trying to infiltrate into several of the coun- try’s organizations.” In a message delivered on the 9th anniversary of the Revolution, the Chief Executive said: “It is my duty to inform the Salvadorean people, especially the labor, sector, wherein rests a large part of the nation’s order, peace, social tranquility, and harmony, about the maneuvers which are being planned from abroad, to achieve communist infiltration in different organizations in the country, in order to arrive at the absolute domination of the unions and political parties; and to put into play the most abominible measures to provoke disorder, sow confusion, and start violence.” THE AMERICAS DAILY Fer « better MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., TUESDAY, DECEMBER 17, 1957 | . : Member Inter American Press Association e For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidaritv NUMBER 139 One Killed as Cuban Army Patrol Clashes With Rebel Group Trying. to Set Fires BATISTA SHOUD REMAIN AS HEAD OF ARMED FORCES, OFFICIAL SAYS HAVANA, Dec. 16 (Special to THE AMERICAS DAILY) — The Army General Staff issued an of- ficial report this morning saying that an Army Patrol in Vista Her- mosa Colony, to the north of Es- trada Palma Central, exchanged shots with a group who were sur- prised by the Army troops while trying to start fires, and that one of the agressors was killed. He will be identified, if possible, by fing- erprints, The other rebels escaped. Another official Army report | stated that wher the Rural Guard repressed the attempt, by rebels} on Severo Lolio and Maria Delia | Pérez, who were shot at with a re- volver, one of the rebels was kill- ed, and was identified as Idinio Castellanos. The others escaped. The chief of the Holguin Regi ment reported to have found, on the road to Cacocum, the car which was used by those who at- tacked the escort which was cover- ing those arrested for the death of Colonel Cowley. Four rifles were found in the car, which are thought to have been those used in the attack. BATISTA MAY REMAIN AS ARMY CHIEF HAVANA (UP)— The Under- secretary of Education, Eduar- do Borrel Navarro, government spokesman on the radio insinuat- ed that the President of the Re- public, General Fulgencio Batista, will be named as the Supreme Commander of the Cuban Armed Forces when he steps down from the Presidency after the 1958 gen- eral elections. Borrell said that Batista’s milit ary “experience and knowledge,” as an Army Major General, gives him outstanding reasons for car- rying out the role of Supreme Commander. The Undersecretary’s statement constituted the first official ac- knowledgement of the insistent rumors that the recent unification decree of military commands was designed to prepare the rank of “General in Chief” for Batista when he ends his presidential term in February, 1959. The spokesman stated that the Republic needs a man like Batista at the head of her Armed Forces because the East and West are on the road to an armed conflict in the near future. and Cuba would be in direct danger in every way in a third world war. He indicated that a popular mo- vement could be used to make Ba- tista accept the high military post, and said that the acceptance of the post would “naiurally depend on the country and the people’s call- ing, the needs of the Armed For- ces, and the understanding and ac- ceptance of the next President.” Borrell Navarro also made it clear that the governmental presi dential candidate, as _Batista’s successor, does not necessarily have to be an unconditional sup- porter of the present regime. He should be, he then said, a man whose name “does not provoke passions. .who can be defended hy the press au radio, . .who can inspire confidence in his antagon- ists. who can act as a moderator for national solidarity.” SEVILLA SACASA HEADS MISSION TO HONDURAS MANAGUA (UP)— The ex- | Foreign Relations Minister, Oscar Sevilla Sacasa, will preside the Ni- caraguan delegation to the inau- guration of President Ramén Vi- lleda Morales in Honduras. Chilean Doctors in Mass Resignation SANTIAGO, Chile (UP)— The 5,500 physicians, dentists and pharmacists working for the Na- tional Health Department under Chile’s socialized medicine plan, said they handed in their resigna- tions to Health Minister Jorge To- treblanea today because the gov- ernment has turned down their de- mand for an 80 per cent salary in- crease. The government explained it had no money to grant the in- crease. DIPLOMAT’S WIFE IN BOGOTA KILLS HERSELF BOGOTA (UP)— Mariette Mar- tin, the wife of the Belgian consul in this city, George Martin, com- mited suicide by fastening a rope around her neck and throwing her- self out of her-second story bed- room window. She was. hung about two meters from the sidewalk. The suicide was attributed to a recently discovered incurable eye disease. WASHINGTON (UP)— The dis- position of Latin American Re- publics to seek new solutions for old political and economic prob- Jems has caused an optimistic un- dertone in year-end speculation here about events to come in 19- 58. Perceptive diplomatic observers of Latin American affairs during 1957 have noted a new spirit of imagination, originality and bold- ness in many republics, which sus- tains confidence in the growing political stability and economic progress in most of them. Despite obvious problems of un- satisfactory commodities prices and uncertain economic trends in the United States and Western Europe, the predominant expert opinion here is what Latin Ameri- can total commerce in 1958 will be about at the 1957 level, and that News in Brief before being fired during exercises yesterday. The dead were: Maj. Francisco Chavez Martinez, 38; Capt. Hector Torres Orendain, 32, and Sgt, An- tonio Ortiz Galiegos, 25. The wounded are:. Maj. Rodri guez Olvera, Maj. Victor Vargas Ceniceros, Lt. Gabriel Preciado Hernandez; Sgt. Maximiliano Or- tiz Cruz; Pvt. Gerardo Guzman Santiago and Pvt. Tomas Centeno Padrén. 4 the record flow of investment cap- ital during the last year will not be checked. The México City coffee stabiliza- tion program was typical of the bolder attitude of Latin America in its economic planning. Symptomatic of the “new spir- it” which will influence external opinion concerning Latin Ameri- ca, the following events and ten- dencies in 1957 are commented in various expert circles: 1. Latin America, concerned by possible effects of the European “common market” began explora- tion of the feasibility of a Latin American “common market,” and also gave increasing attention to the neighborhood grouping of va- rious republics for larger econom- ic cooperation. This was an out- standing aspect of the Buenos Ai- BOLIVIAN EXHE DIES IN CHILE SANTIAGO, Chile (UP)— Ga- briel Gonsalvez, exiled Bolivian Political leader who made an un- successful bid for the presidency in the 1951 elections, died here pitty in a public hospital. He was He once was head of the Boliv- jan Union Socialist Republican Washington Circles Optimistic About Prospects for Latin American 1958 res conference im August-Septem- ber. All of the republics have awak- ened to realization that greater trade among the Latin American republics offers a potential field for commercial expansion. 2. Many of the Latin American countries became more conscious of the possibilities of capital ac- cumulation within their own boundaries, and also explored the expediency-of banking institutions predominantly to be financed within Latin America. Venezuela, among Latin Ameri- can countries, blazed new econom- ie trails by buying large interests in North American Banks, and by consideration of lending projects to other Latin American Repub- lies, as Ecuador, Haiti and Para- guay. Financial “self-help” within the Latin American area may become increasingly apparent, experts here believed. 3. Traditionally,!’ the Latin American tendency has been to base hopes for economic progress chiefly upon the volume of mer- chandise trade, with relatively less attention to the “invisible” factors in their total blance of in- ternational payments, such as transportation costs, tourism in- come, and the miscellaneous ser- vices to international transactions as for example insurance. 4. A majority of the — Latin American republics in 1957 gave new encouragement to both for- eign and domestic exploration of potentially new petroleum and mi- nerals resources. Oil exploration was stimulated in nearly all coun- Party. Friends said he died in ex- treme poverty. tries of middle America, and the Caribbean countries,