Diario las Américas Newspaper, December 19, 1953, Page 6

THE WEATHER Fair through Friday. ‘Slightly warmer tonight. Miami, Fla., Saturday, December 19, 1953 EDITORIAL POSSIBLE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SAN PEDRO pice! | hururdls ask Slates ee at er lla eae ALEJANDRINO MEETING Through | Latin America. On his fourth and last voyage to the New World, Christepher The Americas D. | | aily FOR LIBERTY, ° CULTURE AND HEMISPHERIC SOLIDARITY Economic Union In South Columbus discovered Costa Rica} Press reports from Latin America have been bringing news about each development in a meeting between presidents of two South American countries. One would have to plead ignorance inorder to avoid attaching significance to these developments. The Presidents of Colombia and Ecuador, along with the Foreign Minister of Argentina, have met to commemorate another anniversary of the death of the ibertador, Simon Bolivar, and by'so doing have added to the meaning of this date through the injection of matters which lately been causing ‘anxiety to our| hemisphere. » The Quinta-de San Pedro Alejandrino has al-| ready witnessed on-one occasion the immortal agony | of a dying man, and now in 1953, it has been the scene of ceremonies whose consequences may influ-| énce the immediate future of Hispanic America. Ac- | cording to the tenor of reports reaching us, spokes- | then from Colombia, Ecuador and Argentina have) been occupied at studying current hemispheric prob- | lems and considering measures which will undoubt- | edly have bearing off both the present and the future | of the Americas. There has recently been a lot of talk about the! formation of political blocs, of partial understandings | d of negotiations influenced by regional considera- tions. People who have a vested interest in pointing ugemispheric differences will no. doubt interpret t@ese reports as indicative of a lack of hemispheric so-| rity. If the basic purpose of current happenings ‘were aimed at opposition to hemispheric unity, then it would be incumbent upon us to concur in such an interpretation. And in such a case it would also be incumbent upon us to direct our condemnation at those elements which are bent on destroying unity among the American republics — the only safe guar-| antee for our present and future generations. _Our personal opinion is that we need not fear! that noises coming from the waves of the Caribbean and from the meeting at San Pedro Alejandrino con- | tain implications threatening our unity. We can be) certain that a spirit of patriotic regard for our hemis- phere was present in the men who conferred at Santa Marta. John Slezak Expected To Assume Direction Of Panama Canal Co. {on September 19,1502, when a sud- }den tempest drove his ship into |Cariay Bay, today the site of |Puerto Limén. Columbus sent his {brother Bartolome to explore the country which is now Costa Rica. | The Indians inhabiting the land at | this time were divided~into five itribes, each under the absolute | |rule of a “cacique’’ or chief. An | agricultural nation, ted such crops as cocoa, corn, beans and cotton, although they still used wooden and stone tools. The Indians reciprocated at} first to the peaceful avertures of | the Spaniards but the subsequent invasions by “conquistadors” were stubbornly resisted. Continu- ed warfare brought about a startl- ing diminution of the population,, including Spaniards and, Spanish- Indians was not more than 17,500. The first Spanish settlement in Costa Rica was named’ Bruselas and was, locatd on the* Pacific coast near the present site of Puntarenas. infortunately 1i k e most of the early “‘towns’’ which were no more than outposts, this one only lasted three years. Al-| though various sttlements started in the ensuing years, none of them lasted for any Ingth of time. The colonial history of Costa Rica really begins with th rule of Vasquez de Coronado, who in 1564 founded the first prmanent city, Cartago. Coronado, the prototype of the humane and magnanimous rule: more than anyone else advanced the conquest of the region by peaceful means Unfortunately for Costa Rica, Coronado was lost at sea during a return voy- age to Spain. During the next two America Being Stepped Up Border dispute between Ecuador and U.S. Expects Fair Treatment Toward American Investors In Latin America numbring Assistant Secretary Cabot so states around 27,000 people, they cultiva- to the Columbus Chamber of Commerce COLUMBUS, Ohio 4 — Assistant Secretary of State John Moors Cabot, in charge of Latin Ameri- can affairs asserted in a speech that every country must formulate its own policis in regard to new investments of foreign capital mage within its borders. He. made it clear, nonetheless, that the, United States expects fair treatment toward American zns .who hav already made bona | fide investments abroad. Cabot déalt with-the question of foreign: investments in 6a speech Commerce. ~ Mr. Cabot said: ‘‘The record of were | Amrican= business in Latin Ameri-| considered in absolute terms. It} ;ca hasbeen increasingly improv- ing It*ig up to the various. Latin American governments, rather than to.us, to correct the abuses that may remain and ‘to see to it that businesses operaing in their countries, are carried on in a way designd .to bnefit national intr- ests; | He added: “I beliv that it is fact“that at the present time more-sins. are committd in Latin Ameriga against foreign businesses than are committed by the latter. That in some respects several La- tin American governments have has helped the Canadian worker to vie with American living stand- ards. mutual agreement. But a country! ‘Finally, it must b pointed out dos itslf a dissrvice when it re-| that Canada has not been forced) sorts to unilateral expropriation, |to grant ,special privileges to for- | “We cannot cast any doubts on| eign capital. Capital has gone there | the right of a soverign country to becaus it has learnt over a pe- |expropriate foreign proprty undr|riod of years that ti can expect \its control. But we insist on/|fair tratemnt. That this has not |prompt, adequate and fair com-| failed to benefit Canada is evident pensation. In the same way .that from the fact that the interest rat every nation has th unqustion-|on Canadian government bonds able right to declare war on an-| avrages around 3 per cent; ~as jother nation if it so ses fit, by) compared with 8 to 10 per cent in the same token it cannot be argu-|the majority of Latim Amrican| sovereign right does not imply re-| countries. This high, rate repre- |Spect for international rsponsibil- sents primarily the ¢ost that Latin |deliverd bfor the Export-Import/ ities. In other words, the problem; America must pay because of the | Club of*the Columbus Chamber of/of treatment of forign capital is| additional risks with which foreign not essentially one of the exercise! capital is confronted there. of a right, and it must not b| , ‘To sum up, we can and must is a question of what constitutes | 40 Several things to help our sister national interests and what will| "Publics economically. But for the “It has been suggested that there | ™ost part, their economic future jis no availabl capital in the Uni-| ies within thir own hands ted States for investment abroad. | and half centuries Costa Rica had’ gonego far in their efforts to hin- | How, then, are we to explain th |flow of direct capital investments |to Latin Amrica of around $1,- 700,000,000 between 1946 and 1952? |How are we to explain that our | people realized a net direct in- |vestmnt of mor than $1,000,000,- | 000 in Canada during the same pe- |riod of tim, without mentioning | portfolio investments? “Tt has been suggestd that for-| Cabot ended his speech by say- ing: ‘Finally, then, the problems we encounter in our inter-Ameri- |can relations ar principally eco- jnomic oné$, and fundamentally, | they are rduced to th qustion of how we are going to cooperate conomically for our mutual bene- fit The first requirement fr such cooperation is mutual understand- ing We must understand how they | interpret our trad policy, our loan SANTA MARTA, Colombia, (#— The Presidents of Colombia ana| Ecuador, Gustavo Rojas Pinilla and Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra respectively, along with Argentine Foreign Minister Jeronimo Remo- rino, presided over impressive ceremonies commemorating the} 123th anniversary of the death of| the Liberator Simon Bolivar at | the Quinta de San Pedro Alejan-| A minute of silence was ob-| sepved at one o'clock in the} afternoon, the exact moment of Bolivar’s death, in the same| teem where he passed away. The| \eeremony came to a climax with hpnors rendered by military! |bands and artillery salvoes fired by detachments of the Colombian navy. The function began at 10 am with a meeting of the Colombian cabinet during which several spe- cial decrees honoring Bolivar were approved. At 11:30 the official retinues of Eeuadorean President Velasco Iba-| tra and Argentine Foreign Mini: ter. Jeronimo Remorino arrived} at' the Quinta, and the meeting} of the two presidents took place immediately afterwards. A crowd) of people gathered to watcht he ceremonies, assembling along the fence surrounding the old house, which has been made into a Rational museum. A requiem mass was held jin the tiny chapel of the Quinta, while the Colombian national band | ference matte: Peru also discussed at Santa Marta themes conference nomie cooperation were touched upon at the held here by the preside: of Colo 1eld here by the presidents of Co- ombia and Ecuador and the Ar- gentina foreign minister. Following the ceremonies com- memorating the anniversary of Bo- livar's death, Presidents Rojas Pi- nilla and Velasco Ibarra and Jero- nime Remorine engaged in a priv- ate conference in the Hotel Tayrena facing the ribbean. It was later reported by authoritative sources that the men r hed agreement on various mat: especially on how to intensify economic relations among their three nations The Argentine foreign minister promised to do his utmost to have Argentine s' lines extend their servic: cuadorean and Colombian po: eby contribut ing to increased ange of Ar- gentine meat produ wheat and oils for petroleum, cacae and cof fee. It was als Colombian yp asco Ibarra tt learned that he sident assured Vel- Colombia “will cooperate with Ecuador in resolv- ing its (Ecuador’s) boundary dif- ferences with Peru,” pointing out that Colombia will support any measure related to this matter that may be presented to the inter- American conference at Caracas. Sources closely ted to con- rs indicated that the and the foreign nged view point de la Torre, ago sought two presidents minister also ex: on the case of § who almost five y Played a number of concert} WASHINGTON (# — —Informed quartrs here expect that John | Recek will assume the chairman-| ip of th board of th Panama Canal Company on Jan. 25 when he becomes Underscrtary of th Army, although no official an- Rouncmnt has ben mad in that respect. The appointment of Slezak to succeed Earl D. Johnson as Army Underscretary was announcd by the White House Tuesday. The Canal board chairmanship-has been assigned to the Undersecretary, ‘but informed quarters pointed out that administrative reorganizations could alter that assignment, al- though there was no indication at present that any such change was | contemplated: “Slezak, a businss man by train- ing, has been Assistant ‘Secretary. of the Army jn charge of. mater- iét since last” April, He -obtained: acleav of absence “from ‘th. presi- Aviateca Plane Crashes In Guatemala — {GUATEMALA - CITY, . (UP) — Searching parties located: the bod- jes of North American pilot Rich- {ard Archer Davies and his Guate- malan co-pilot José Arturo Miron among debris of-an Aviateca plane that crashed near the town of Tec- pan, about 129 miles from Guate- mepia ORy. The bodies were torn by the violence of the crash. Davies is survivied by-his Guate-| majan wife and a nine-year old Jdaughter, Lila Ninntte:- ‘it’ was announced that the plane erastied when jt was ret B:qwansville | @ load of fruit. “This is the.first. accident ever suffered by Aviateca company in m~.~ than fourteen years .of oper- from} dency of the Turner Brass Wroks | An aide to Slezak said that the} Canal Company board would like | to visit the canal, if circumstan- ces permitted, to familiatize him- | there, especially since he has never | visited the zone. | There are no plans for such a| visit at prsent, howver. An aide in the office of Johnson | said thre has been no decision | yet as to whether Johnson will rmain on th. board of dirctors after’he retires as Undersecretary even though he does not continu sto fill the office of chairman. They said that would dpend on higher | authorities. Johnson resigned the | undersecretaryship to become prs- j ident of the Air Transport Associa- tion. but his nw post would not preclude his membership on the Canal board if the higher authori- ties requested him to remain on it~and he wer willing to do so, they said. A Canal Company spoksman said that the operations of the baord would not -be brought to a standstill pending a change-over in -| the chairmanship. He pointed out that the board met last Monday and was expctd to meet again early in January prior to the de- partur of Johnson from the und- ersecretaryship. Batista Honored By Venezuela's Regime HAVANA iM — Venezuelan am- bassador Leonardo Altuve Carrillo, decorated Presidented Fulgencio Batista with the collar of the Ord- er of the Liberator, granted to Venezuela. The ony was hled at the preiiestal of Doctor office with attendance Luis Sanchez Tirado, embassy counsellor; Lt. Col. Ino- taché; J. M. Garcia Gruber, first secretary, and othr high Cuban cente Barillas Molina, military at-| government officials a succession of Spanish rulers. | During this era, Costa Rica was| administered from Guatemala City, | the seat of the Captaincy-Gneral, | the central administrative organ, and the Audiencia, the judicial | body which had some administra- twe functions also. The two gov- erning bodies ruled the Central American region, at that time di- vided into eight provinces government was in Guatemala, the king’s treasuries and the seat of the ecclesiastical rule were in Ni- caragua. The conquered Indians were gathered into ‘‘pueblas’’ and | their labor was farmaed out to th colonists under the “encomienda”’ | | system, which was somewhat sim-| ilar to the slavery systems opera- ting in the southerm. United States | before the Civil War. The natives! worked the land for the benfit of the owner, in return for which they were provided with a have} subsistence. The governors of the) province of Costa Rica lived i Cartago, the capital of the prov- ince. Exercising political, military and judicial authority, they were appointed for a five year period at a salary of 2,000 pesos annual- ly The cities within the province were governed by “‘cabildos”, or councils, which offices were sub- jects to purchase and sale. The people of Costa Rica, during the entire colonial period of about had to face extreme hardships and idanger. Both their coasts were continually ravaged by the raids of the Mosquito Indians of Nicar- agua on the one hand, and by the dvastating attacks of the English land Dutch pirates on the other These raids, however were sec- ondary Perhaps the greatest bur- dn they had to bear was the | Stagnating effect of the mercantile | Policy pursued by Spain in the New World, which preyented any ‘exchange of goods betwen eithen the colonies themselves or the col- onis and any nation byt Spain | pendent upon what they could raise | and import from Spain, thse early pionners were, for the most part, | poverty-stricken Conditions grew ‘so bad that in 1707 the governor at Cartaga authorized the we of coca beans. for money. Neverthe- lss, the population of the province increased, although slowly, and by | the time independence was won the inhabitants numbered. 60,000. On Sptember 15, 1821, Without | a drop of blood being shed, the’ independence of the Central Amer -| ican states was declared at Guate-| mala % fe Ambassador Tezanos- | Leaving Mexico | MEXICO CITY m — Argentine | | Ambassador to Mexico Julio A de Tezanog Pinto will soon leave for his country after being recalled by his governmnt, according to dip- lomatic circles here He was men- tioned potentially as the next Ar- | gentine, ambassador to Venezuela der and? rstrict that they have discouraged new investments es-| sential to their national develop-| its pople. How then are we to | Policy and our economic policies explain that around 70 per cent|—and that what for us seems to of Chil’s xports, around 97 per, bé of little importance may mean ‘ment.,I- have in mind the many, cent of Venezuela’s and at least onrpus.. economic controls which, | > per cent of Costa Rica’s are 16: uae tie® words “f° Dr. Muth produced by foreign companies? ed exprpriatin.” | Evidently, the truth of the matter Further on, Cabot said: “Latin | § that these companies improve j Amrican, spokesmen aaa hoon we | Salaris and working conditions. have the greatest respect here in/ !the United States suggested not so|ign capital tends to dominate the nw American investments for|present momn in Canada Ameri- their respective countries Allow can investments total $8,000,000,- |me to make it absolutely clear|000 — figure much greater than \that the United States government |that for our investments in all of is not trying o force. American! Latin America — although the pop- |does not want them. We feel that/tenth of that of Latin America a country’s policy toward new for-|Our good neighbors to the North ign invstmnts is a matter that) would be deeply offndd, bcause is its exclusive concern, in accord-| they know that any suggestion that ance with its idea of what its na-|our invstments influnc their po- | tional interests are. | litical life is untrue . . treatement for our investments al-| “‘Candada has ably utilized its rady mad in good faith. W be-|domestic capital to the greatest lieve we are justified in making | possible degree, but it has not hs- jthey haye been denied relief or|able. New capital, both domestic | by national laws, or if valid con-| and forign, invested in Canada tracts signed with those govern- ments have been unilaterally vio- lated and justice has been denid them. The protection of our pri- | vate investments does not figur as the foremost of our objectives in our intr-American policy, of course — our national security, for |example, takes predenc but, “It has been suggested that for-| itwo and half centuris (1570-1921), | | Deprived of obtaining goods from| jth outside, and consequently de- | | it is an objective and an important duty. In viw of their present stag | of development, we believe that it should be an ven more important | objective of our sister republics to cultivate a rputation for fair treatment of foreign capital. . |No on, for example, looks ask- ance when a government appro- priates a foreign ntrprise after Technical Aid Successful WASHINGTON (® — —Th Advis- ory Board for International De- velopment said that Latin Ameri- ca stands as the best proof of the of technical cooperation_sponsored by ‘the United States. The committee pointed out that th program has made an effec- itary, farming and ducational conditions io many countries of Latin America. The committee is headed by mo- ‘vie magnate Eric Johnston and in- | cludes many outstanding figures of business and scienc. Prsident | Eisenhower ‘created the board to study U. S. participation in- the programs of technical cooperation for underdeveloped countris. A report rendered by the com- proves the effectiveness of the program,: which has been in oper- ation since 1942 under the Insti- tue of Inter-American’ Affairs. Asia and Africe have received help only sinc the middl of 1951, and the results can not be determ- ined yet, according to th com- mittee’s report. _ | The encouragmnt for Latin American coyntries to deveop thir own resgurces was on of the most important results of the program, tive contribution to improving’ san-| | WASHINGTON, D. C. P.A.U.) ;—Visual and oral means of cerat- jing better understanding between the Americas is seen in the use of educational exchange programs on growing Latin American television +| networks. This is the opinion of Seymour N. Siegel, manager of New York City’s Municipal Station WNYC as | Teported in the September issue of Television Opportunities. Mr. Siegel envisions an exten- jsion of the present National As- sociation of Educational Broa d- casters’ Tape Network of radio stations which effects exchanges of tape recordings between sta- tions. “We need to know more about |the Americas and their peoples,” |Mr. Siegel says. ‘‘They need to {know more about the Unites Sta- tes. Television is a masterful teacher. Its facility to demon- strate, its unlimited diversity of | methods and techniques, its force- |ful impacts place it above all jother media of communications. \It is capable of creating hemis- phere goodwill and maintaining §it. “Once the adult education auth- orities of all Latin American coun- tries get together to decide on |comparable or nearly comparable jprogram series as exemplified by |NAEB tape recordings, there | would be no end to material for ent countries The variety of pro- grams would have great values now and in the future.” As to costs involved in the ex- change of programs, Mr. Siegel pointed out that research has proven that a sound system of ex- change can be worked our by us- ing kinescopes. The aggregate number of prints would cost con- siderably less than the original presentation. TV programs originating in differ- | ial. disastr for them At the same time, our sister republics must responsibilities which our position as a world lader has thrown upon |our shoulders, and they must un- derstand that the treatmnt which |they extend foreign capial is of Though the center of political long ago that they do no favor| political life of a country. At the larned that capital and labor can work together for their mutual | bnefit We must not allow our- selves to be mislead by selfish- ‘ness or mistaken agitation from co- | operating economically with our e | investments on any country that/| ulation of Canada is less than one} sistr republics for our common | welfare Our sister republics will follow our guidance in world af- \fairs only if they feel that it is |to their advantage to do so As |for the possibilities of going it |alone, I recall th wise words of | Secretary Dulles in regard to this ;matter I trust that for lack of foresight we shall never find our- in | Tepresentations in their behalf if! itated in resorting to foreign capi-; slves forced to defnd our xis- ltence as a nation along our own border” TW And Tape Recording Means Of ‘Amprovin Hemispheric Education “With the cooperation of foreign |educational and governmental ag- | encies, the costs of inter-changing kinescopes would be insignificant,” | Mr Siegel observes. In the United States the tape recording programs are assembled at network headquarters in the Di- | vision of Communications of the University of Illinois. After check- ing and editing, twelve copies are made of each program, then ship- ped around 12 georgaphical ci r- cuits, each made up of five or six stations. To save time in shipping, an economical duplicating system has been devised which permits copies of each program to go to each station. This method accel- rates and expands. operations. By switching from tape to kine- scope, a similar system of dis- tribution might apply to all Latin American countries By using mag- netic sound film two or more languages can be recorded on the same film, doing away with lang- uage barriers, and permitting re- peat performances in different lan- guages * Kinescopes might be’ released to educational institutions and auyth- orities in countries where telecast- ing is done, either by government- al or private interests. Each coun- try could produce its own films and thus produce variable mater- As the plan progresses in each country and when the exchanges are completed among the partici- pating country, there might be ar- ranged a competition for the best presentation of the year accord- ing to type or class of program, further stimulating interest in achieving better understanding and knowledge of the hemisphere through its most modern means of nam eminication, “In the United States, we have! pieces, including Chopin’s funeral march. After the mass was over, Velas- |co Ibarra, Rojas Pinilla and Re-| | morino offered floral wreaths, and | \the Presidents of Colombia and Ecuador both delivered speeches. | When the ceremonies had fin-| \ished, the official parties return-| jed to Santa Marta to attend a| luncheon which was tendered the} | visiting Argentine and Ecuadorean | officials by the mayor of Santa Marta. | In his speech President Rojas pointed to the fact that Ecuador could count on the support of} Argentina and Ecuador. In an al- lusion to the commemorative na- |ture of the meeting, the Colom- bian president said: | “Tt is high time to put an end to suspicions and mistaken) interpretations of conferences be- tween presidents of friendly coun-| |tries, when they want to study, problems of mutual interest. These | conferences cannot be considered |as aggressive military alliances) or threatening pacts, for |refuge in the Colombian embassy at Lima, Peru. ording to informants, Rojas Pinilla reaffirmed the ix tient ~ his government to find a solution for the problem, at present being aired before the Inter-American Peace Commission of the Organi- zation of American States. Remorino limited himself to list- ening to Colombian and Ecuad- orean view points on the case of the Peruvian poltiician, although he emphasized the need of strengthening the institution of the right to political asylum. The same sources stated that the three conversed about the proposal of Colombia to create an inter- American court, through a mea- |sure to be presented to the inter- American conference at Caracas. It was reported that Remorino pre- sented objections to the plan. Rojas Pinilla and Velasco Iba- rra proceeded to Bogota Friday, where they were to engage in a final conference dealing with their policies at the Car s_ parley. The Argentine foreign minister tradi-| tional respect for international en-|was to spend Thursday night in gagements and treaties remove) Barranquilla, and at 4 a. m. Fri- any fear that controversies be-|day, was to fly direct to Buenos tween our countries will be re-| Aires, where he would arrive at 8 solved through resort to the use|in the evening. He decided not of force.” | to overnight in Lima, as had been SANTA MARTA, Colombia —tp—! planned at first. In Buenos Aires Problems related to the frontier | he will report to President Peron differences between Ecuador and/|on the Santa Marta conference, and Peru, the case concerning the poli-| on Monday he will travel to Santi- tical asylum of Haya de la Torre,| age, Chile to attend the inaugural matters that will be debated at the| meeting of the Grand Council of Tenth Inter-American Conference the Argentine-Chilean Economic and the best way to improve eco- Union. | SPANISH LESSONS FOR BEGINNERS By G. B. Palacin Professor of the University of Miami, Fla. LESSON 31 (e) Expressions with the verb Tener The verb tener followed by a noun is often equivalent to the English to be. with and adjective. Ex.: é 4Cuantos afios tiene usted? How old are you? Tengo veinte afios I am twenty years old Ella no tiene razon (0 esta equivocada) She is wrong calor warm frie cold hambre hungry sed thirsty sueho sleepy miedo afraid razon right suerte lucky The English very is often translated by mucho in such expressions Tengo mucho gusto en conocerle I am very glad to meet you Lais tiene mucho calor Louis is very warm Translate into English. — {Cuantos afios tiene su hijo (de usted). 2. El hijo de Thomas tiene diez afios. 3. Tengo mucha sed. 4. El nifio tiene mucho suefio. 5. Maria tiene prisa. 6. El gato tiene frio. 7. Usted tiene raz6n. 8. Ella dice que tiene mucha sed. 9. E! nifio tiene miedo. 10. ;Tiene usted frio? Translate into Spanish. — Ann is twenty two years old. 2. How old is Ann? 3. I am very sleepy. 4. I am in a hurry, 5. The dog is thirsty. 6. Mary is lucky. 7. I am right. 8. He is cold. 9, The father is sleepy. bee Is the child afraid? £4