The Daily Worker Newspaper, December 15, 1934, Page 5

DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 15, 1934 5 Page Meeting Attended By Cachin, Thorez; Adler, Vandervelde Appeal by the C. I. for Joint Action in Behalf). of Embattled Proletariat Was Made at the Height of October Revolutionary Battles of the Spanish Workers At the very height of the Oc- tober revolutionary battles of the Spanish workers, led by the So- cialist and Communist united front, the Communist Interna- tional on Oct. 10 appealed to the Labor and Socialist International for joint world action in behalf of the embattled proletariat. To facilitate negotiations and to reach an agreement for action at the earliest possible moment, the C. I. delegated Comrades Marcel Cachin and Maurice Thorez, leaders of the Commu- nist Party of France, to meet im- metiately with representatives of the L. S. 1. On Oct. 15, at Brussels, Cachin and Therez met with Emil Van- dervelde and Friedrich Adler, president and secretary, respec- tively, of the L. S. I. We print verbatim the full stenographic record of these conversations be- tween representatives of the C. I. and L. S. I. The stenographic report was taken by A. Montenez, official stenographer for the Bel- | gium Senate. The conversations were in the French language, and ate here translated for the first time from the original which ap- peared in L’Humanite, organ of the Communist Party of France, Nov. 8, 1934, and simultaneously in the Socialist organ, Populaire. The L. 8. I. did not formally re- ply to the united front proposals of the Communist International until Nov. 18, nearly one month after the original appeal was | made. At that time, the workers | in Asturias and throughout Spain we-e being arrested by the tens | cf thousands, and hundreds were | being slaughtered. The L. 8. I. refused to enter | into any intetnational united | front action, though there was | great pressure from those parties | (France, Spain, Italy, Saar, Aus- trie, et.) who had already formed the united front with the Communist Parties. However, the L, 8. I. declared that it would remove the ban of March, 1933, thereby enjoining the parties in each country to enter into nefo- tiations fer a Socialist-Commu- nist united front. [Words in parenthesis are the | Daily Worker’s—=d.] Vandervelde.—We have hurriedly » drawn up a declaration which is; now being recopied and which will” seon be brought in, but I can tell you right now what it contains. We received the letter of the C. T. on Oct. 11, At that time, Adler was away from Zurich; he was in- formed of it by telephone. He com- municated the text of the letter to certain members of the executive of the Lavor International, who were mecting for another purpose at Prague. They immediately had! ® discussion on the subject. I shall not conceal from you the fact that, among the representa- tives of the L. S. I. this letter pro- voked a rather varied response. The situation among the different coun- tries is, as you know diverse. In Austria, in Spain, in France, the idea of international collaboration is meeting with sympathy; and on the contrary, in other countries the Bena sy: of the parties is very different, particularly among the Scandinavien countries, in Holland and in England. There the fact that the two Internationals had at- tempted a rapprochement 12 years ago at the Berlin conference, and In the light of what passed since, there has been créated a sort of distrust; and this is noticeable in the actual application and renewal of what has been called the man- euver of the united front. SAYS THEIR PRINCIPAL ROLE IS TO LISTEN We should really tell you that we cannot speak here in the name Of the International; our role, that is the role of the President and Seerctary, is principally to listen to you, to take the responsibility of communicating what you have to say to us, all the recommenda- tions that you desire to make, to our Executive. In a way the latter 4s already taken up with this ques- | tion, as a ccnsequence of what oc- cured in France (the united front); it will convene at Paris on the 13th or 14th of November, and there the question of united action will be on the agenda. Briefly, we are convinced, on the hypothesis that an agreement will be realized at all, it will certainly not be consummated before that date. Your letter reviews the events in Spain. Actually at this moment the strike in Spain is about finished; Caballero, a member of our Executive, has been arrested. Even before we received your letter we gave to the Spanish workers the mofal support of the International. In this connecion, we are advised, we do not believe it would be pos- sible to conclude anything like united action around the events in Spain in those countries where such an understanding does not already exist, As we will say in our declaration, we regret that when we made over- tures at the time of the events in| Germany, we received no response | gourse, might be a fortunate pref from the C. I. This is not to sug- | Internationals | | gest that there was any motive in- | volved. We explain, that’as in France a great deal of time passed before a definite pact was con- cluded, it is important not to have in. detailed means any illustons; the conclusion of a pact on an international scale will necessitate even longer negotiations. It seems that our preoccupation now should before all be to prepare | for the near future and to see if it is not possible, in case other events take place, not to be taken | by surprise any longer, as without doubt we were concerning the events in Spain. tion that, just as you suddenly be- gan to support your ends in Spain, we did likewise; this supnors naturally goes to all the workers engaged in the struggle. For the moment we do not believe it pos- sible to do anything else than to carry out this parailel action, which we commenced on our own initia- tive, Adler and I are here with the desire to listen to you and to learn how the C. I. conceives of united action, TELLS HIS OPINION OF ESSEN- TIAL TASK IN NEAR FUTURE 7 AGG. as fy. Derennat Word, and | oist-monarchist reaction in Spain, here I no longer speak as President of the International, that the main question shculd be in what manner to organize the cooperation be- tween the democracy of Europe with the Union of Soviet Republics. This, in my opinion, is the essen- tial task for the near future. It is in that spirit that I am about to listen, and I do net doubt | that Adler possesses the same sen- timents. Adle:—One question only. “Have yeu received our letter with the ap- peal, which was published this morning in the Peuple? CACHIN BRINGS FORWARD CONCRETE PROPOSALS OF Cc. 1, Cachin.—Yes, and we thank you for that call, which we answered with great pleasure. Tonight we bring you some con- erete proposals in order to explain in a real manner the full sense of the general proposal which was presently come back to the expose of citizen Vandervelde. Let me tell you, in all sincerity, our impression even Of the terms of the appeal and we will finally return to the precise proposals regarding immediate united action in favor of the Span- ish workers and peasants. You see, the mandate which the C. I. has en- trusted to us is not so much a mat- ter of thé general problem of a united front between the two In- tornationals as it is of posing this precise question of immediate ac- tion in favor of our Spanish com- radeés. Here is an extremely grave situa- tion; fascism threatens to install itself in a new country; this is an extreme danger not only for Spain but for all the rest of the Interna- tional. We have been asked to de- mand of you if, without any general examination of the ulterior prob- lem, there is not some means in- Stantly to agitate in a practical manner, and to come to the aid of the Spanish strike, to the aid of the great Spanish revolution which has now begun. At this hour it is in a desperate situation, but in our eyes it is not dead. Even admitting that it would be practically difficult to bring support to the revolution in order to strengthen it with a new bond, there is now in Spain a situation which is extremely tragic, hoth for the militant Socialists as for the militant Communists, for all the workers struggling in battle, who are even menaced with death. This attitude is not particularly | which we propose. Finally, we state in our declara- | Communist Party of France) | which we received? ours. in the Populaire (organ of the French Socialist Party) that the menace facing all our Spanish com- In these conditions we are charged essentially with asking, exciusive of any deeper discussion, which, o! ace, if the two might not, as they are, accomplish immediately some act of defense for our Spanish comrades who are s0 tragically menaced. Here even are of carrying immediate action We will formu- late them with as much prec! we can, and finally we can discuss even the terms of the problem. through this of all, of the text of the appeal of the ©, I. | Adler.—The one which was pub- (organ of the and lished in Humanite THE APPEAL OF THE COMMU- NIST INTERNATIONAL Cachin.—Yes, but it would not perhaps be amiss to read it again at this time. in Spain has hurled all the forces of its army, its navy and the avia- tion flotillas against the working ¢lass and the peasants now fighting under the leadership of the Work- ers Alliance, which has effected united action between the Commu- nists and Socialists and which has cemented this union with the blood shed in battle. The victory of fas- after the rise of fascism in Ger- many. and Austria, would not only bring with it incalculable suffering to the working class and peasants of Spain, but it would be a hard blow struck at the entire interna- tional proletariat. “Only a united struggle of the world proletariat can bring effective aid to the Spanish workers and bar the road to Spanish and world re- action. At this decisive moment, when the bourgeoisie is attempting to wipe out one of the advance guards of the world proletariat, the Spanish workers, the C. I. has ap- pealed to its sections fo organize in common with other working class organizations in mass meetings and demonstrations to assert their soli- darity with the Spanish workers. peals to the Socialist International with the proposal immediately to release numerous united actions, as much to aid the Spanish proletariat !as to oppose any support of the made to you by the C. I. We will| Lerroux government by the govern- ments of other capitalist countrics. “The C,. I. charges Comrades Cashin and Thorez immediately to make contact with the representa- tives of the Socialist International in order to coordinate the concrete forms and the practical execution of these united actions.” Signed: EXBCUTIVE COMMIT- TEE OF THE COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL. For united action we propose the following: 1—To organize demonstrations gan: Down with the Lerroux gov- ernment! All for the defense of the Spanish workers and peasants in their struggle against reaction! 2.—The common plan of the trade union organizations to prevent the transport of troops or munitions in favor of the Lerroux government. 3.—The common intercession of the two parliamentary Socialist and Communist fractions in each coun- try in a demand that parliament be convened to protest against the bar- barous executions, of whith the Spanish people is now becoming a pal councils by Socialists and Com- munists for the same purpose. 4.—Immediate coordinated ma- terial aid, given in common for the Spanish proletarians in the struggle and victims of repression. To these very limited proposals I only add a single commentary, relative to the first point. We think rades is that of immense danger. | ion as | I should like to remind you, first | “The fascist-monarchist reaction | “At the same time the C. I. ap- | and united meétings under this slo- | victim. Also activity in the munici- ; Photo shows the fascist troopers holding up workers at the point of bayenets. Men and women trav | papers or other literature against the murderous Spanish regime. ae = (se Ra! . = eat o) ‘a ° = >| ie! ; oe 2 ° yj = et <1 P| iS =| > op] > ae 2 | WM = = > = oe | =) hed for news- were scare! I was reading this morning | that at this moment, in the pres-|the only country from which to en-|in no way have been able to modify ence of serious danger, not only| gage in any action on the Spanish | it. should the national sections of each frontier is France, for all other pos- | of our Internationals agitate vigor- | siblities are excluded as far as Italy | ously by demonstrations and com-| and Portugal are concerned, There | ¢ mon meetings, but that in France, remains then cnly France. There in several major European capitals' you have your united front; you| Spanish frontier, it is necessary that delegates of the two Interna- tionals, as such, carry their aid and nd perhaps more especially at the} can agitate in common, there you! English 1 have all the united action. Then when I consider the other requirements for} support to the comrades actually | countries, permit me first of all to| in the danger of repression. think that if, without waiting for We | exclude the Soviet Union, because | I shall not ask whether you have the conditions and the guarantees) 4 united front with our Russian | comrades (the Mensheviks) at this which are necessary—and we are very well aware of them — for a more ample and more complete ac-| ticn, we can make ourselves heard | fea] impe immediately among the Spanish | soviet Union, I am sure of this workers and peasants who are s0| forehand, you will do nothing persecuted, this action to be above all our particular aim. face of the world that the two In- ternationals are ready to enter into the struggle for the Spanish comrades—t] vould be a great hi great event we think orical act, a which would give to | the whole proletariat, not only the Spanish but the international, aj tre: dous confidence in itself. These are the terms of our man- date, concrete, precise, practical. And while we are disposed to dis- cuss by way of information condi- tions Which are still remote, above all we call these concrete proposals | to your attention, WE MUST ACT QUICKLY divergencies and for this one | We attest in the: fense of our | | tively for cur Spanish comrades. ment; I do not desire any use- discussion on this point, but I led to say that in the in that direction. On the cther hand, we have a jmnumber of fascist countries like | Germany, Austria, Italy, Latvia, | Esthonia ... | Vandervelde. — Poland. | Adler—There we have semi-fas- | cism. I am taking first those coun- | tries without democracy, without a| parliament; without a single pos-| sibility of accomplishing anything | practical. Doubtless, our party n | these countries could influence the| general spirit, perhaps, in illegality; | but they could do nothing effec- | There remain then the other countries. What could we do in} those countries, especially where | the internal situation in our par- ties is most difficult? These are j intervention of those | diate danger | In the case of Spain, it is quite Then, without in the least pre-| at Britain, nmark, Mand, | tending to make any demand that| Grea Britain, Denmark, Holland you advance the date of the com- ing session of your executive, never- theless, don’t you think it danger- ous that immediate united action should be delayed by a whole month? From now on the most serious events may develop. We submit this question in the most) loyal spirit. Let me add a further word with- out entering too deply into a dis- cussion. You say that there would have to take place long convetsa- tions, per! 's on delicate points, cenesrning the central problem of a united front; this is possible, but I am not altogether sure of it. Please notice that the objections which you offer to us today were formerly posed by the Socialists in France; and really, they could have given you good advice, because of the result of the understanding which ‘has so fortunately been concluded between the two parties. Since duly 27th, if we did have some dif- ferences you were kept informed of them, but at the actual moment all in sight of their solution and it was these little questions of detail were recognized that mountains were be- ing made of a whole series of things which now certainly appear to be very small indeed. In any case, since the beginning of united action one fact has become strik- ingly clear, the French proletariat is in a state of extraordinary satis- faction, and on every occasion it is demonstrating that the united front in France is really a great experi- ence for the genéralization of united action, Here then are the concrete pro- posals that we wish to submit to you, and moreover, if you pleese, we are broaching more than a mere conference of information; for we vigorously desire to arrive at an ac- cord between the two organizations as speedily as possible, in connec- tion with the four points we have submitted to you. ACTION IN THE FASCIST COUNTRIES Adler.—Vandervelde has told you that we are in serious difficulties, that some of our parties are in a situation where it is not possible to speak for them without prelimi- nary conversations. The situation in other countries is very different, especially after these twelve years which have gone by since our first attempt at a united front. But allow me for a while to dwell on the situation in the different countries. According to your four proposals,’ of united action in England would | Latvia, the countries where our ac- | events in Spain, were holding their | England refused to do anything in tion might have some real infiu-| ence, | However, in these countries our} comrades have already taken action on behalf of our Spanish brothers, ACTIONS OF SOLIDARITY IN ENGLAND In this connection, in England, | the situation was excellent; our comrades at the beginning of the| annual congress; there they passed a solemn declaration in favor of our com-ades in Spain. But, after that, I find a violent | attack in the Moscow Pravda| (Communist Party Organ of the Soviet Union), saying that this! Labor Party, these traitors in} favor of those who were defending themselves against the counter- revolution in Spain. When this article was translated for me I could not begin to unde:stand. I demanded more information (con- cerning the conference of the Labcr | Party in England). But that had occurred as a slight incident at the last moment of the conference. A man had then proposed a resolution | at a moment when the general strike was not even known to have taken place. He was a Young Com- munist who had come to the Con- gress of the Labor Party. The con- ditions of o-ganization of the Trade Unions were such that this could happen. He had made the proposal at a moment when it was not on the order of the agenda. And after- ward a great noise was made of this little incident in order to raise a grand attack against our Engl'sh comtades, who were in reality dis- pesed in favor of solidazity with cur comrades in Spain. I don’ consider this small incident a: tragic. I have had long expe. rience with this specie of accidents; but you understand that this clears up the situation remarkably. | Do you really believe, however, | that if action in favor of the Spanish proletariat were under- taken in common with the small Communist Party in England, the result would b2 practical for our Spanish comrades, do you actually } believe that their danger under the; menace of deeth weuld be any loss? I admit that I would be altogether satisfied if throughout the world we had a united front; but so far as the influence we could have exerted at that moment over the Spanish events is concerned, I am entirely convinced that the practical result I believe great action has been taken in the government—this is only bet —I do not know whether discover yu would pap Herald. But , such as the Daily have an imp-es done this morning, IN THE CASE OF AUSTRIA I can ‘tell you, moreover, that in the case of Austria, where after February the situation was just as serious as in Spain, we agitated in| this same direction among the west- ern nations, then had ar velde at Brussels, Leon Blum a Paris, and Hende:son at Londen, were put in motion a cuced a real effect in favor of our | Austrian comrades. The same thing happened in the case of Latvia, through the effective our young comrade, B:uno Kalinn, would be court martialed, and hi: trial was postponed. We imme- diately agitated a few weeks, but the great imme- has been repulsed. natural that we should agi the victims, make all possible speed in aiding them. But, we must cat-y this for- ward but under actual condi te for any mention of it in the | j¢ th ; that something has already been | nd they pro- | three same | ; comrades. We lost our fears that in the different | countries and we were successful. | The trial will take place perhaps in | and that we should | Full Report of Conversations Between Representatives Of Communist International and Labor-Socialist International on United Front for Spanish Workers Brussels Sessions Opened at Period Of October Fighting Discussions Carried on in the French Language Which Appeared in had been accumulated {j= "Pht happened that in several | countr! the first impression has been that this was t a quéstion of any thing else another so- }called maneuver of the united front. “The situation in the parties. af- filiated with our International dif- fers greatly according to the coun- try. “In France the bases and guarantees of united action have been found; on the contrary, in other countries, as in England, Netherlands and the Scandina’ countries, distrust and objections | have greatly accumulated in these t years. ‘In these countries the numerical connections between their Socialist nd Communist Parties have been | that this very morning a! spoke in ‘the name of these parties endency; even then those who | managed things on their own initia- een US | tive and worked on their project of forming pacts of united action as i ey represented a very important | fraction of the proletariat. “Under these conditions our par- | ties in these countries did not re- | ceive in any pleasant spirit any | propositions which were inspired by | these methods. NOT POSSIBLE TO TAKE ACTION understand, “You will in these ich | circumstances, that it is not possi- ble for us at this conference today to assume any obligations which “But nevertheless, upon ourselves the duty of report- ing to our Executive the proposals and suggestions that sider suitable to convey “After what has passed since the last twélve year ny united ac- tion in an international sense must, on any hypothesis, be prepared by preliminary discussions and cannot be subject to brusque solutions. “It is for this reason that in the appeal which we have com- municated to you we engaged our | parties in agitating without any de- workers, “On your part, you have taken @ parallel attitude and you have also involved your sections in action | without waiting for long drawn out ns N in whatever way we can. In France | conversations. you can agitate in a united front | “Many long weeks passed by in with the Socialists but for the mo- | France before the conclusion of the ment I do not see how we can take | pact of united action. any responsibility for our parties in England, in the Scandinavian coun- tries and in Holland, for united ac- | that negotiations can | “You will recognize international sphere it that in the is inevitable proceed no tion. We regret it; but united ac-| more rapidly. tion cannot be prepared at the last minute, especially in the interna- | tional sphere; it is necessary to prepare a long time in advance, in such @ way as to be ready to act , when the eyent breaks. Vandervelde.— The crystallization (of united action) would operate eas- ily on both sides if there were al- ready a tacit understanding before- hand for working together. But you! yourselves have taken note of the fact that in certain countries where our International is powerful, that was far from being the situation. | You are aware of the considerable | strength of the English Labor Party; compared with which the Commu- nist Party there is far from having | the force it has in France. When it | is a question of causing such dif-| | ferent forces to march in step, the | team work of both is impossible. We would like to say today that | we are anxious to organize this co-| , that | operation as scon as possib we would be denounced by those whom we represent, who would conduct the most powerful opposi- tion against us, if we were not for the united front. We are thevefore obliged, at the outset of this dis- cussion to take note that, as de- sirous as we personally are to come to a result as soon as possible, we must fortify ourselves within the limited mandate given to us. A DECLARATION OF THE SEC- RETARIAT OF THE L. 8. 1. I was saying before that we had ‘awh upa declaration. It has just ed and I am going to zeed it, with apologies for its has:y editing, “We stand firstly, on the declara- tion which follows below. The let- | | “We regret that these negotiations | were not begun in the epoch when jour International made analagous | | overtures to you, that is to say on the eve of the coming to power of | the Hitlerite fascis ‘Tf such had been the case | our united action would have been the response to the events in Spain, but we believe that for the re- mainder of these events our con- | versations here may have important | consequences. “What has just occurred proves mon action that intercession may really become effective. “The quéstion of our conference today has been for long on the re-convene at Paris in mid-Novem- ber. “Its position on the agenda was provoked by the events which ac- curred in France, and the informa- tion that you give us will very naturally be an important element in the discussions that will take place.” I add this. You know what an international organization consider it materially impossible to be able to discuss the question be- fore the 13th-14th of November. {, from now cn we could count on the cooperation of your sections, I would say to you—let us adva: together; personally, and I spe for Adler also, we could ask for nothing better. meet with the most vigorous oppo- | sition in Holland, England, in the | Scandinavian couniries, etc. ter and telegram in which the C.1,| THE SETBACK IN UNITED charged you with entering into re- | lation with us was not received be- | fore Oct. 11. “By a great majority our bureau immediately agreed that we accept ACTION WILL DAMAGE THE ACTIVITY OF BOTH SO- CIALIST AND COMMU- NIST WORKERS Thorez.—Just a while ago, our this interview as a matter of in-/| friend Cachin explained the inten- formation, although the suddenness of your action did not fail to cause some speculation on the part of cer- | tain of our members. “After the twelve years which have passed since that conference at Berlin, which was the first and last occasion at which the repre- sentatives of the C. I. met with us, a great many mistrustful feelings as to the possibilities of united action tion of the Communist Interna- tional. when we can yet actively intervene | together in the events in Spain by {cur common organized solidarity in those countries wherever this is pos- sible, and we can also intercede in sire to participate with you in the most rapid united action. Cachin formulated to you severai the | such as to be considered a negligible | may bind the parties we represent. | we will take} ou will con-| lay for the support of the Spanish | that it is by a preparation of com- | agenda of our executive, which will | is; Ij But we know very | well that if we did do this, we would ! At a moment so great, ! other international events, we de-} Are Translated for First Time from Original L’Humanite, Organ of Communist Party of France submit them to | Executive. the session of the | I should like, after Cachin, to re- | state how much I regret that we } are unable to effect united action | around the events in Spain before some indefinite far-off time. Since we are here to speak frankly, I think I can assure you that in Spain firstly, and in France espe- cially, your decision will result in @ great deception among the work- ers, Communists and Socialists. We have had the good fortune in France to have been the first to effect the united front and we feel great satisfaction in stating the excellent repercussions of our unity of action, how with us the Social- {st and Communist workers are accustomed to consider that these | are no serious objections in reality | to the organization of the united front. They have become accus- tomed, precisely because they did | effect the united front, to think | that everything which could be in- |voked against the united front maneuver, and otherwise, had ab- | solutely no importance when such serious events as these solicited our attention. The very fact that our ; Communist International should ee: addressed itself to the S. L. | | I, the fact that we consider very important the president and the secretary of the S. L. L.'s accept- ance of this first meeting with the | delegates of the Communist Inter- al without a single doubt provoked in all countries, in France particula: a tremendous interest | even a tremendous joy, | That is what we said in the huge | public assemblages, notably the onc held at Bullier-a-Paris en we read the appeal of the Communisi International, and where the So- cialist speaker Zyromski declarec that he considered a favorable an- swer to this appeal possible anc necessary. And now there will follow a great disillusionment when tomorrow we | will say that it was not even pos- sible for us to arrive at an agree- ment to organize an internationa meeting between Socialists anc Communists, in France or in some large capital. FOR AN INTERNATIONAL MEETING I can already forecast here the objection. It is not a questica only | of a meeting such as we had de- cided on in our Committee of Co- ordination, set up in France, be- | tween the two parties, but an In- ternational meeting where we will | desire the participation of a rep- resentative of the Socialist Inter- national, side by side with a rep- resentative of the Communist In- ternational, beth duly empowered | for this function. Such a meeting at Paris, and above all in the South of France, would have another significance, an altegether different importance for the workers of Spain as well as of France. This would be a demon- stration of a common will on the | part of the two Internationals to aid, by every means, the workers | of Spain and to encourage with all their strength, and among all nas | tions, the realization of the united front. 1 must tell you very frankly that the greatest illusions will become current. Perhaps your declaration cannot naturally encourage - this united front toward which we are both tending, in those countries where it does not yet exist. If you say: “We ourselves have al- ready decided upon actions of fraternal solidarity for the aid of the Spanish workers, our Labor Party is agitating, our Belgian Labor Party is active, both the ‘large parties of Sweden and of { Holland have been activized, we do not see cur way clear to cooperate | with the small Communist Parties ‘of these countries;” then you are : certainly not encouraging the reali- zation of the united front, Vandervelde. — You know very well, Thorez, that in Belgium, as in other countries, the dispropor= tion is such that... Thorez.—I want to answer this objection by openly saying that it is dangerous for the entire inter- national working class perhaps, to persist in such a manner against the united front; you cannot say that | & party of the working class, even | though it might not be quantita- | tively as important as a large party, is a negligible factor. You are ; Well awere that our little Commu- | nist Party of Austria struggled and | still struggles, that our small patty in Englend also fights, that our small Belgian Communist Party jan agreement exists even at this moment in that country between | (Continued on Next Page) struggles with equal effectiveness;