Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, November 21, 1880, Page 4

mt , 1880—E1IGHTEEN PAGES. Ye Tribune. “BSCRIPTION, ‘TERMS OF BY MA’ S ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPAID. $12.00 ureday. and ani ‘ednenda: % saturday, per vear.. 0 Friday. per sear.. Spee'men copies went (reo. Cire Fusi-Uuicw address in full, including State and Coumy. Kemitiances mav be made elther by draft, express, Poxt-Qmicé order or in rezistered letter, at Our Fisk. ie TO CITY SULSCRINERS. Fafly. delivered, Sunday excepted, 23 cents per week. Luily, delivered, Sunday included. 30 cents per week. Aduress THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Entered at the Post-Ofice at Chicago, Ti, es Class Matter. Forthe heneftt cf our patrons who desire to send simile copies of THE TRINCNE throuzh the Dail, we s1VC Lerew:th the transient rate ut postage: Dosnestic. Fight and Twelve Page aper. tlxteen Page Paper... Hight und Twelve Pare bixteen Vuze Paves TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES. ten CHICAGO TRIBUNE bas established branch “° Siticed fur the receipt or subscriptions and. advertise; Rents e+ follows: * NEW YORK—ltoom 2 Tribune Bullding. FT. C- Fappen, Manazer. Bi GLASGOW, Scouand—Allan’a American News cr, 31 Rentiold-st. N, Enz—American Exchange, ¢@ Strand. Agent. 319 F street, SOCIETY MEETINGS. GE, NO. 41,A. F. & A M.-The ETA Ory huuited to attend 9 regular fthe lodye to be held Weancs- yerening, Nov.2 atthe hat eorner of Randolph , and Halsted streets, at 7 Bo puck, Mase see ind f i eid letting DReLuFER Bre COMASIES SMITH, W. CH. BRENAN, Secretary. SHMAN LODGE, NO. 6%, A. F. & A.M munteation Tuesday evening, Nov. 2 corner West Madison und itobay sts, Laewonsof Masonry,” by Me Worralh UP. DML AM. invited; CORINTHIAN | CRAPTER, NO. @ Ro A, M— si Convocation senday, evening, Nov. = for work un the M. M. deere. SB ced Companions are he toe always welcome. TY ate MALCOM, Bf. . IL P. JOUN 0. DICKERSUS a Secretary. AVETTE CHAPTEI, NO. 2, A. M.—Halt, ninted Convocation Mondwy esentue, Rov thar eideelock. Workon Mf and 3. Degree: Vi! we elcome. corde! Nisin Companions ee FORSYTH, Me B. EL P. RD COMMANDERY, NO. 33, K. Conclave Weduesday evening, Now. 24, at ‘Dispeuxation from the HK. i. Grand Com- thuucer appaee for. Work on the Orter of the ited Cross, Visiting Sir Knights are invited. By order jOLLN D. M. CARE, Commander. 3.0. DICKERSON, Kecorder. 1.0. 0. F, EXCELSIOR ENCAMPMENT, No. 108.—. Witlasscrble at the tent, corner of Clark and Wash- Ingion-sts., next Friday evening, Nov.2i Important: Duainess, Visiting Patriarchs in’ rder ity 0 Ik BALN, C. P. E. v, REINERS, Scribe. BLAIR LODGE, NO, 30, A. F. & A. M.—Brethren are qucsued to weet at the fiall Sunday, Nov. 21. at PAE Aialgch*Pusetal by sxrtaces to Moeehill By . Sheldon, Fane os tO Ohler ee YE BLAISDELL, W.2. ‘MH. BUZZEUL, Secretary. —The Lit- APOLIU LODGE, NO. 68, «A. F. & ALM erury und Musical Entertainment under the auspices bis laxize will take place Tuesday Evening, Nov. ‘24 commencing at 8 o'clock. * APOLLO COMMANDED . L KNIGHTS TEM- PLAU—There will be 0 C ive Tuesday evening, \ov.2 Ish By order of the Eminent Commander. ‘HL 8. TIFFANY, itecorder. SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 21, 1690. ‘Tne war on the Gas Trust of Philadelphia has succeeded so far that the Common Coun- cil has appointed a committee to examine the hooks of the Trust, with authority to employ expert accountants, if deemed neces- sary. The appropriations are also coupled with the condition that the Board shall’ in future sit in open session. It ought not now to be difficult to learn very soon whether the Gas Trust is, as alleged, **a Republican Tammany.” Affairs Have come to such a pass iu Philadelphia and public suspicion is so much excited that the Republican party cannot afford to let the Gas Trust alone. It must be condenmned or acquitted. ‘Tue Chicago Medical Society, at its meet- ing afew days ago, adopted a resolution in- dorsing the proposed Ilinois Training School for Nurses, and pledging the physicians of the city to its cordial support. The Commit- tee on Hospitals of the County Board has voted to admit the Training School to two wards of the County 11ospital. But for some reason the project hangs fire, and cannot ob- tain consideration in the full Buard. As Tue Turcne has already pointed out, the plan of the school is entirely feasible. The experiment has already been made in Ticllevue Hospital, and has succeeded there. The request of the managers for the admis- sion of their nurses to the County Hospital is reasonable and ought to be granted. The opposition to it comes froma few individuals not members of the Board and not physicians, who, perhaps, are tho least fitted to pass judgment on the merits of this case. - Tur suggestion is made that no new ordi- nance should be passed for the Western Indiana Railroad without a provision that, upon the straightening of the river, the route ot this railway shall be changed west of Clark street, so that bridges and viaduets may be thrown ever both the river and all 1 ilroad tracks adjoining it on either side. This suggestion is wel! worthy the consideration of the managers, not only of all the railways, but of the elevators and other property on both sides of the river between Polk and Eighteenth — streets. Strushtening the river between these points would give a greatly enlarged territory for occupancy by railroads west of Clark street. _ The space now available for such purpose is extremely timited, and by this improve- ment tie railroads would gain an enlarged area fur their business which can be gained in no other way. This point In the future action of the city on this general subject should not only attract the attention of rail- | road companies, but should command their Wuex the New York Times first an- nounced ils scheme for a popular subserip- tion to a fund of $250,000 to be invested ver- manently for the senior ex-President of the public, whoever he may be, THe Trpuxe expressed its lack of confidence in the frui- tion of the plan. This doubt was not proupted by any opposition to the proper provision for ex-Presidents, but arose from a feeling that an appeal to the people was nota dignified or proper manner in which to reach the desired ann, Though the Times heme was proposed only a few days ago, though a good many subscriptions have 1 received in the meantime, that journal already to have given up the project npracicable, and witliholds for the pres- < some other suggestion for carrying it The fact is thot the ‘Republic ought to Ic for its ex-Presidents in some modest fitting way, in order tnat they may be re- ‘ed, if pour, from the natural temptation oT undertaking enterprises that would not comport with their previous eminence. The -Aerican people, whatever their admiration or affection for any public man may be, must feel a certain Imuiliation in making up individual subseriptions for his support. The Pivecedine umouuts to an admission that the Government is ungrateful and ‘niggardly. This sentiment probably accounts for the cold reception which the project of the New York Pines met. In the particular ease of Gen. Grant, who is now the only liv- ing ex-President, and who'will shortly be the senior ex-President, the Government might most appropriately confer upon hima mar- tial distinction which he could enjoy as a re- tired ofticer, with prover pay attached there- to. This plan would be in keeping with the past services of Gen. Grant, and it would come with special grace from the present Democratic Congress. Aside from this, it would be becoming to the Government to provide a pension in some form or other for all ex-Presidents, and such provision could be made without much risk of a large out- lay, for the number of ex-Presidents will al- ways, in the nature of things, be limited to two or three at the most; there will rarely be more than one ex-President, and at times none at all. ——————— Is New York the law requires that the election returns shall be sent Into the Sec- retary of State's oftice in duplicate by mail and by messenger. All the mail returns have been received, but some of the mes- sengers are tardy. The official announce- ment of the vote has not been made, but the mail returns,avhich will not be altered by the duplicates, give the following result: For Gartieid, 555,544; for Hancock, 534,611; for Weaver, 12,375; for Dojy, 1,517; for Phelps (anti-Masonie), 75 Garfield’s plu- rality, 20,933. Garfield’s majority over all, 6,908. The aggregate votes of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Ilinois—the four largest States in the Union—in 1876 and 1880 compare as follows: State. 1876, 1880, Gain. New York... 1,101,120 36,790 Pennsslvanin.. br 8s «S914 Ohio . G5S,49 24.059 06,304 Alinoi: a S54.a33 wwe 67.429 Relatively the gain of Pennsylvania is most and that of New York least. Illinois gains slightly on Ohio, but the Buckeye State still keeps far ahead. Tue Passion Play, which it is proposed shall be brought out in New York, with Mr. James O'Neill in the part of the Savior of Mankind, does not get on. The protest against its representation is very strong. Petitions ure circulated in the hotels and all public places praying the Mayor and Council to stop the exhibition, and many thousands of signatures have been obtained. ‘The peti- tioncrs request the enactment of the follow- ing ordinance: Section 1. Itsballbeunlavful forany person to exhibit ur take part in exhibiting in uny theatre or other plice where money is charged for ad- mittance, any pliy, performance, or representa- Hon displaying, oF tonding to display, the lite and death of Jesus Christ, or any play, or per- formance, or representation culcutated or tend- sng to profane or degrade religion. Sec. 2. Any person violating the provisionsof this ordinance shull be guilty o€ a misdemeanor, and punished bs a fine not exceeding $1,00), of imprisonment not exceeding six months, or’ by both such fine and imprisonment. As this is a subject on which Catholics and Protestants of all shades of belicf think alike, it is probable that the petition will be favorably acted upon. The fact that the Pas- sion Play, if it is given at all, will follow Sara Bernhardt at Booth’s Theatre, under the same management, shows that the al- leged religious zeai ot the actors and promot- ers of the enterprise is not unmixed with sordid motives. Tue people of Kansas have voted for the adoption of an amendment to the State Con- stitution prohibiting the manufacture or sale of intoxicating liquors. The majority for the amendment was comparatively small. Gar- field had a plurality in the State of 60,963. ‘The majority for the amendment was 6,547. Some Greenbackers and Democrats voted for it, About 30,000 Republicans voted againstit. While Kansas is a reliable Re- publican State, it is a very uncertain Prohibi- tion State. Its experience in the latter capac- ity will be watched closely by all persons in- terested in the attempt to suppress the liquor traffic and intemperance by law. The amendment of Kansas is in form much like the Maine liquor Jaw, but the circumstances under which it is to be tried are widely dif- ferent. Mnineis an old State; Kansas isa newone. The former has never depended much upon immigration to develop its re- sources; the latter is largely settled by for- eigners, and is holding out strong induce- ments to immigrants to take up its lands. It has been assumed—perhaps with too much haste—that German immigrants will not knowingly go to a State where their personal liberty is to be inter- fered with. The German societies will cer- tainly use their influence for a time to divert their countrymen from Kansas. Whether these efforts will be successful remains to be seen. The manifest advantages of Kansas may outweigh the objections of immigrants to its liquor legislation. The amendment is not likely, in any case, to remain in full operation. very long. Either it will be re- pealed, or amended, or permitted to fall into disuse. There isasection to this effect in the Ohio Coustitution, adopted thirty years ago: No Hcense to traffic in intoxicating lquors shall hereafter be granted in this State; but the General Assembly may by law vide evils resulting thereffom., Peo E Ie eee Appropriate legislation has been taken under this section, yet both the laws and the constitutional provision are dead letters. They have not diminished the sale of liquors, or mitigated the evils resulting therefrom. All other States that have tried liquor prohi- bition (excepting Maine) have modified or repealed their laws; and Maine can hardly be quoted as 2 fair example of whatis useful in a new Western community. , The question must always be, in discussing enactments of this nature, not whether the suppression of the indiscriminate sale of liquors is desira- ble, but whether it can be effected by law. THE WESTERN INDIANA FRANCHISE. ‘The orizinal ordinance granted to the Chi- cago & Western Indiana Railroad Company the right to lay down and operate its railroad within the city limits, “with one or more tracks,” to such terminus as it might estab- lish between the east bank of the South Branch of the Chicago River and the west side of State street, and between Sixteenth street and the south line of Van Buren street, in said city. This same ordinance further provided that the privileges therein erantetl were upon the express condition that the tracks authorized “shall be laid down and constructed within one year from the passage of this ordinauce, and, if not so constructed and in operation, all the rights and privileges granted by this ordinance to such Company shail cease, and We null and void.” The ordinance was passed Sept. 15, 18 The validity of the ordinance was attacked in the Courts, and the Appellate Court de- clared it to be void, and all operations under it were restrained and prohibited. The Com- pany appealed to the Supreme Court. Pend- ing this appeal, the Council passed a new ordinance, which, however, was vetoed by the Mayor, and then, in 1880, came the de- cision by the Supreme Court that the yudg- mentof the Appellate Court was erroneous, and afiirmed the validity of the original ordinance. : ‘The Company then resumed the construc- tion of the railroad through the city north- ward from Sixteentii street, and on Sept. 15, 130, Jaid its tracks across the several Streets, but not continuously. Tke Company then | provused formally to the Counvil to waive ; the right to lay its tra street, provided the City of Chicago would not interfere with or oppose the Company in the exercise of any privilege acquired under the ordinance as to the territory south of Warrison street. This proposition was re- ferred to the Judiciary Committee of the Council, which Committee reported adversely to its adoption, and reported an ordinance re- pealing that of Sept.15 granting the fran- chise to the Company. This subject will come up to-morrow even- ing before the Council for action. ‘Ihe report of the Committee was made by Alderman Shorey, and will be championed by him. The argument is that the acceptance of the ordinance was not merely an agreement to construct and operate the railway within one year, but it was an acceptance of the graut with the express limitation that if the tracks were not laid and the road in operation with- in that time the grant itself should cease, and be null and void. On this point Mr. Shorey makes an elaborate argument, fortified by numerous judicial decisions, to the effect that in all enses of such grants, limited to the performance within a time declared, the grant ceases to have any validity should the performance not be made within the prescribed time. Further, that in this case the tracks were not laid down, and therefore could not be in operation on the day fixed by law. He further argued that a partial con- struction of the tracks was not a compliance with the condition of the ordinance, because the grant was for a ¢ontinuous roadway, and nasuch construction had been made or was in operation on the 15th of September, 1880. In fact, the Company had not at that time procured by purchase or condemnation the property necded for its right of way over the ground on which it was proposed to lay the tracks, Hence the argument leads to the conclusion that the Company has forfeited the entire franchise granted to it by the ordi- nance of Sept. 15, 1879. The application cf the Railway Company to waive the right to lay its tracks north of Harrison street, provided the city would not interfere with the Company’s rights, un- der that ordinance, south of Ilarrison street, is claimed by Mr. Shorey to be noth- ing more than an impudent attempt to ob- tain from the city an extension and renewal of the privileges under the original ordi- nance, which privileges had been forfeited by the failure to comply with the limitations of the grant. ‘The fact that the Railroad Company was delayed and prohibited in the construction of the road by injunctions and other legal restraints is declared to have no legal force. The city, it is claimed, was not a party to the legal proceedings, and its right to resume the forfeited franchises can in no wise be impaired or destroyed by the action of others. The Company cannot pro- tect itself against the rights of the city by pleading legal proceedings to which the city was not a party. The grant to the Company | was a special one, in derogation of com- mon right, and must therefore be construed strictly against the grantee. The repeal of the ordinance, it is claimed, would be a clear affirmation on the part of the city that it waives nothing, and stands on all rights which belong to it. To repeal the ordinance vould: leave the city and the Railway Company just where they woald stand had no such ordinance ever passed. On these grounds it is claimed tho old or- dinance should be repealed,—not that the Western Indiana Railroad shall be ex- cluded from the city, but that the city may by a new ordinance gfant the right strictly defining the location of.the route, includ- ing the terminus. The necessity for this certainty in the designation of the route, itis claimed, will appear from what this Company has already done. It was granted the right of way for one railroad on one route. The map of the territory. as it now stands, shows that two distinct and sep- arate routes, with a public street between them, have been Inid out north of Sixteenth street; it further shows the purpose of the Company to occupy, if it can, the entire space bounded by Van Buren, Sixteenth, State, and Clark streets. ‘Making a great railroad yard of all the land from State to Clark street, south of Harrison,” is de- nounced as “imposing a disastrous limita- tion to the facilities of travel as well as of business.” The repeal of the ordinance, it is claimed, will enable the Council to act understand- ingly and with reference to a permanent pro- vision for the railways entering the South Division. Once master of the situation, as by the repeal of this ordinance the Council will be, a new ordiriance may then be framed in harmony with the future necessities of business. CRIME IN CHICAGO. It has been noted before that crimes of violence were of unusually frequent oc- currence in Chicago during the past sum- mer; but the fact is vividly brought tomind by the description in Te Tripune of Wednes- day of “Murderers? Row” in the Cook County Jail. There were found there nine- teen persons held on the charge of murder, of various degrees of atrocity.. The accused include whites and blacks, men and women, old and young, some persons who would properly be classed with the brute creation and others who have enjoyed the influences of education and civilized society. The motives of the crimes range from alleged self-protection to the. most degrading passions. Drunkenness . figures largely among the causes that Ied up to violence, but the commission of some other crime and greed for money were in many cases the preliminaries to the murders.’ The varicty in the stations of the murderers and in the character of their crimes baffles any philo- sophic theory that might suggest preventive measures, but there are two or three prac- tical reflections that will naturally occur to any one who thinks seriously about the mat- ter. In the first place, one reason forthe un- usual extent of murderous assaults may be found in the .so-called-“ liberal” policy which has been followed by the present City Administration, There has been an evident purposé ever since the present Mayor was elected to license all kinds of dissipation rather than to repress it. The theory of this policy is that the police can control the vicious classes more elfectively and do more to prevent actual crime by recognizing and protecting the resorts of vice than by prose- cuting or “pulling” them. Acting upon this theory, the gambling-houses, the places of prostitution, the State street concert- hills, and low dives of all kinds have been permitted to run, ostensibly under the surveillance of the police, with only an occasional and spasmodic effort to reduce their number and restrain their offensive character. ‘Murderers’ Row” in the County Jail and the daily records of crime that have fortuitously stopped short of actual murder do not inspire popular con- fidence in the efliciency of this polit There would have been fewer murders and less vio~ lence if the various phases of dissipation had been more energetically hounded by the police. The resorts for gamblers, thieves, and prostitutes are schools of crime. ‘To the extent that vice is indulged crime is pro- moted. ‘The experienced police of a large city will understand the difference between a auict barroom and a low dive: they can always point out the resorts of the v and the dangerous places; they know by sight the gamblers, the street-walkers, the confidence-men, and the suspicious; room- renters. ‘Their knowledge and experience in these matters are of Jittle avail if they: under- stand that the policy of the City Government is to let alone these people and thelr favorit haunts, and merely to watch them for the apprehension of those who rob, slug, or murder, ‘The function of the policejshoula be to harass the vicious classes. Thesd people soon learn to know tne difference between a strict, repressive policy and liberal concession to the indulgence of their passions.. They are attracted to cities which give them license to carouse and flaunt their vices be- fore the public gaze. They avoid those cities where the police make it uncomfort- able for them. Chicago has. suffered from the former policy during the past year. The rough and dangerous classes have developed. through-drunkenness and libidinous associa- tions a recklesness that might have been largely suppressed, and a consequence has been that crimes of violence have increasod in their frequency and atrocity. ‘There is another reform which “Murder- ers’ Row” sugecsts. Public morals and pub- lic safety demand greater promptness in bringmg criminals to trial, ‘The jail alone has no particular terrors for the hardened criminal or dissipated wretch. It is onlya temporary abiding-place. There is always a prospect of getting ont with theaid of shrewd attorneys and associate criminals who are at hand to prove alibls or swear to a fraudulent defense. It isthe Penitentiary and the gal- lows that make the criminal classes quake. Promptness in prosecution and relentless execution of the spirit of the law aro two of the most effective agents in the repression of crime. The presence of nineteen persons in the County Jail await- ing trial for murder isa scandal to this city and county. Fortunately, the addition of four new Judges to the county judiciary of- fersasolution of the problem. There may henceforth be two Criminal Courts instead of one in this county. There is no danger that the civil dockets will be’ overcrowded, with eleven Judges to dispose of them; two Judges may sit on the Criminal Bench regu- larly. Itmay be necessary to authorize the employment of additional assistants for the State’s Attorney, but the added expense will probably be smaller in the long run than it will be to board untried criminals atthe pub- lie cost. But, even if the prompt disposition of criminal cases were more expensive than the present dilatory plan, the public money might be much better employed in this way than by useless adornments of public buildings or the enrichment of public con- tractors. The protection of human life isthe first and highest duty of organized society. The reforins suggested by ‘Murderers’ Row” must be accomplished in part by the City Government and in part by the County Government. Mayor Marrison must aban- don the leniency which has been shown the dissipated classes under his administration. ‘The County Board must make the necessary provision for two regular Criminal Courts,— one to clean up the accumulated cases, and the other to dispose of the current cases re- ported by the Grand Jury. When the Jail shall once be rid of its overcharge of brutal- ity, there will be no further difliculty, with two Criminal Courts in constant session, in bringing criminals to speedy punishment; and when this practice shall once be im- pressed upon the criminal classes it will bo found that crime in this city can be mate- rially abated, THE PROPOSED SMOKE ORDINANCE. We understand that the ordinance designed to abate the smoke nuisance will come up. ‘for special consideratién of the Common Council at its regular meeting to-morrow evening. The purpose of this ordinance has the sympathy and approval of the public, and there is reason to believe that its provisions. are calculated to produce the desired effect of reducing the amount of smoke which of late years has become a curse to this city with- out working injury or injustice to any indi- vidual or corporate interest, The opposition it has encountered is suggested partly by a misapprehension of the effect the ordinance will have, and partly by a selfish indifference to the welfare of Chicago and to the health and comfort of the people who reside here. The ordinance is not. constructed in the interest of any patent smoke-burner,-and does not even require that smoke-bumners shall be used. It simply provides that the smoke nuisanceshall be abated whenever and where- ever it shall be offensive; the means to that end is left to the discretion of every person who offends. The work of Inspection is in- trusted to the Health Department. The process of repression will probably consist first in warning and advice as to the method which has been found most effica- cious in reducing the yolume of smoke, and itis only in those cases where. perverse and unreasonable opposition to the abatement of the nuisauce shall be encountered that the tine will be imposed. Every one who is will- ing to concede that the community has the right to enforce from individuals proper deference to public health and interests of property must also concede the fairness of this proposition. The railroad managers have offered more opposition to the passage of this ordinance than has come from any other source, and they are the very Inst persons who ought to antagonize it, The railroad corporations en- Joy exceptional privileges in this city. Their depots are located at central points, and they have always been treated with favor and for- ibearance. When they are asked to refrain from blackening the houses, choking the respiration of the people, and ruining the property of Chicago, they should be willing to comply with the demand, cven at some cost. But the fact is, that the rednetion of the smoke-waste in the railroad locomo- tives will be at the same time 2 saving to the railroads, and they may make this saving by more systematic supervision of their engineers. The Illi- nois Central Railroad has demonstrated this fact by actual experiment. Some time ago the officers of that road, by means of repeated trials, arrived at a close estimate of the’ amount of coal which is necessary to enable alocomotive to do a stated amount of serv: jee. Since then every engineer in the em- ploy of the Company understands that he will be called to account if he shall use more than a proper: sliowance of fuel, The Illinois Central engineers have thus learned. to economize their coal, and not waste it in smoke. They fire more frequently and in smaller quantities of fuel, and thus assure more complete combustion. Smoke and soot are only aloss of carbon that ought to be consumed in heat. It is the Inzy and care- Jess engineers who chill their fires by piling on a great mass of coll fuel in order that tney need not feed so frequently, and it is this practice whieh produces most of the black smoke that pours in great volumes from locomotives and tugs. The employers should welcome a city ordinance which will have the effect to make engineers and firemen more careful in- order to avuid a fine for committing a nuisance, since such restraint is bound at the same time to reduce their coal bills. What is true of the corporations is equally true of individual employers, who ought, moreover, to take a local pride in promoting the cleanliness and good appearance of the city, Chicago, dnee freed frum the unueces- sary smoke emitted froma thousand chim neys, will be tne handsomest’ metropolis on this continent. No city in the New World can point to its business centres with so much pride, The buildings are stately, modern, substantial, and gratifying to the eye. The chemists have supplied a prepara- tion that will clean the Western stone and give it the appearance of white marble. If there wereno more smoke in this city than there ought to be with due reference to economical fires, the new Chicago would be a model of beauty. If, on the other hand, the present wasteful and senseless manu- facture of smoke be permitted to coutinue, the time is not far distant when Chicago will bé.as black and disagreeable as Pittsburg or London. If there were no better reason for demanding an abatement of the nuisance, local pride alone would suggest the proposed reform. - The Council should be governed by these suggestions of the general interest of the community rather than influenced by ignorant objections which are made by men and agents of companies that stand in their own light. The smoke ordinance ought to be passed without further delay. POISONING FOOD. David praised God because, ashe declared, man is “fearfully and wonderfully; made.” Was the Psalmist reflecting on the resistance which the human stomach offers to the malign effects of the vile compounds im- posed upon it? Certainly in no respect is huinan endurance better attested than In its power to withstand the assaults of the fiend of food-adulteration, whose namo is legion. Man desires butter,—the essence, s0 to speak, of pure milk: he is given a com- pound of lard, tallow, and other worse grease. He desires cheese: he is given a horrible mixture of buttermilk, skimmed milk, sour milk, clarified ofl, and saleratus, He calls for coffee: he is given chicory, peas, rye, beans, and a dozen other base counterfeits. Ile asks for sugar: he re- ceives glucose and sand. Ie orders a barrel of flour: he gets a compound of—nobody knows what. He calls for a cup of tea, and gets a decoction of tannin.. Man is nec- essarily engaged in the oceupation of con- stantly surprising his stomach, poisoning It, playing tricks upon it, disgusting it with practical jokes. But the stomach gets used to it; the man still lives. He does not live to be a thousand years old, as the Seripturo patriarch did, but he lives forty, sixty, eighty, ora hundred years, and then dics from the effects of adulterated food,—is assas- inated, as it were, by his, grocer. And the grocer dies too. There is some satisfaction in this, The mixer of villainous compounds is no respecter of persons. Heisengaged in carrying out the Malthusian depopulation theory, and he kills everybody, froin the man who retails his poisonous counterfelts to the undertaker who boxes up his victims, and the sexton who buries them out of sight. And then the mixer dies. He 1s bound to take the cup of hemlock; for while he is mixing one kind of poison his. neighbor across the way is mixing another kind. The present system of food-polsoning may be called the mercantile theory of life. The sole object of the adulteration is to make money. Said the Yankee to his son: “ Make money, my boy; honestly, if you can; but make money.” And the boy went into the wooden-nutmeg and basswood-ham busi- ness. He didn’t poison anybody; he merely cheated his customers; that’s all. It is, however, only a step from cheating to murder, a3 the food-adulterating fiends have amply demonstrated. The first food- mixing cheat put only a small quantity of poison in his compound, with a view of de creasing the cost, and so of increasing the profit. When his theretofore honest neigh- bor found he was being undersold, he put a little more poison in his compound in order to undersell his brother cheat and poisoner over the way. So the rascals went on com- peting in the business of cheating and slow polsoning until now they have made a verita- ble hell of the public stomach. And this is the mercantile theory on a gradually im- proving seale,—the theory of the mixer, that, as other merchants mix, and cheat, and poi- son their customers, he must do the same, or fall behind in the race for fortune.” The crime of food-adulteration is several degrees worse than that of the footpad who takes what loose change the travel- er has about him at the pistol’s muz- zie, because trifling with the stomach tukes away the power of earning money, and eventually makes a corpse of the man who owns the stomach. But the mercantile theory knows no law but that of gain. And, as the passion for gain grows by what it feeds on, the proportion of poison to wholesome food in the thing vended is ever on the increase. The chemist is taxed to the utmost of his scientific knowledge to keep up with the de- mand for new tricks of concealing deleteri- rious substances and insidious poisons under cover of wholesome and nutritious food- preparations. He toils night and day over his crucible to invent new masks behind which may be hidden the lying devices of the honest (?) merchant,—devices by which acheap poison may be made te assume the appearance and take the place’ of some nutritious substance in universal demand by the public. “Singular that the merchant should desira to as- sasinate his fellow-creatures,” exclaims the innocent reader. Bless your soul, he doesn’t desire to assasinateanybody. Buthe must, or he and his family would die of starvation, or at least be reduced to the rank of paupers. “They all do it? One bold, bad man having inaugurated the custom of adulterating food, all his competitors are compelled: to follow suit or fail in business. ‘They all become dishonest fellows because there happened to be ata remote period of the past one black sheep in the flock. The whole batch of rogues make no more money by the general system of food-poisoning than they would were they all honest. But if one of them should be struck by lightning, and transformed into an honest man, as Paul was that dark night, and turn reformer, as Paul did, he would be ruined. Hence, they continue to mix food and poison the stom- achs of all mankind. And the publie—good, easy soul—continues to eat and to diea linger ing death. SUNDAY IN SCOTLAND. While the Free Kirk of Scotland is in.a state of distraction lest there may be heresy in Prof. Robertson Smith’s article on “He brew Language and Literature,” lately pub- lished in the Encyclopedia Britannica, and the United Presbyterian Church has hardly got quieted down after her troubles with Messrs. MeCrae and Ferguson, and the Zstab- lished Chureh is hauling the writers of a vol- une of “Scotel: Sermons” up to the theolog- ival snub-post, the people who are outside of all these ecclesiastical bodies have tormed a Sunday Society, of which the Glasgow branch was organized near the close of fast month under the leadership of Prof. Tyndall, who took the ground not only that the Christian Sunday should in no way be identified with the Jewish Sabbath, but that the Jewish Sabbath itself was not nearly so fonnidable a day as the Puritan Sabbath. The Professor’s attack upon what is known as Sabbatarfanism strikes the ques- tion from a new direction, for the advocates of the Puritanic conception of the Lord’s Day have always rested upon the theory that it; | beyond the prohibition of “servile labor,” “to comprehend them. supplanted the Jewish Sabbath, and was to be observed with the same degree of sacred- ness, Prof. Tyndall points out tha: the Jews haye not now, and never did have, a day cor- responding to the Puritanical notion of tho Sabbath. The word Sabbath means rest, and it was given as a name to the seventh day, accord- ing to the Mosaic account of the Creation, be- eause God ‘rested on the seventh day from, all His work which He had made.” It was for this reason that He “blessed the seventh day and sanctified it,” and setit apart as a ay of repose from labor. Work was as dis- tasteful to the Hebrew mind as it is to ours. It was the curse of Adam. The explanatory part of the commandment for remembering the Sabbath day and keeping it holy is that “in Itthou shalt not do any work”; and with that prohibition, and the reason for it, the commandment ends. It simply imposes a cessation from labor, and so the Jews un- ‘derstood it. They made their “Sab- bath-day’s journey” a short walk of about a mile,:to avoid laborious exer- cise. In the wilderness they gathered two omers of manna for one man on the sixth day, because “to-morrow is the rest of the holy Sabbath unto the Lord,” and further on it fs said, So the people rested on the seyenth day.” ‘heir Sabbaths were not ex- elusively on the seventh day of the week, for on the tenth day of the seventh month they hada “Sabbath of rest”; and on the first day of the same month they had a Sab- bath wherein they were to ‘do no servile party lights are scattered broadcast over the land with the design that the cheap trash orators shal faithfully copy them. Two purposes are subserved by this course: The- cheap trash orators are furnished with a substitute for brains, and the spirit of lick- spittleism is fostered, to the great advantage of the bosses. The snob who is content to repeat aspeech which he lacks tne brains tp conceive as the boy recites, “You would. scarce expect one of my age,” etc., will be proud to be lashed with the party whip, Snobbery flourishes in the shop and the counting-house. The clerk who is not worthy but aspires to become a junior parte ner becomes a snob and apes the dress, mane ners, and business deportment of his em- ployer, and flatters his employer's wife ang daughters, He is lavish in expenditures it his employer is extravagant, or penu rious it his employer is economical.- He goes to chureh if his employer is pious, or plays) billiards Sunday if his employer is an infidel, He is an imitator. If the model is good he may become a good snob, or if bad a bad snob, but in any event he becomes a snob, Fashion is a great promoter of snobbery, If the top snob has but two buttons on his coat the bottom snob has but two, But it the top snob has his coat “all buttoned down before” with a gross of buttons, more or tess, the bottom snob will bankrupt himself to buy buttons. If the top snob wears a big solitaire diamond in his shirt-front the bot- tom snob wears a yery small solitaire dia mond in his shirt-front,—again the fleas, In work”; and on the fifteenth day of the same month, when they had “gathered in the fruits of the land,” they were commanded to “keep a feast unto the Lord seven days,” of which the first should be a Sabbath whereon they should take “the boughs of goodly trees, branches of palm-trees, and the boughs of thick trees, and willows of the brook,” and “rejoice before the Lord”; and they weré to “dwell in booths seven days.” All this reads more like the directions for a harvest-home picnic than for a gloomy conyocation, and the festive season which commenced on a special Sabbath must have included one of the regular hebdomadal Sabbaths as well. The entire seyenth year in the land of prom- ise was also appointed to be “a Sabbath for the Lord,” in which they should neither sow the field, nor prune the vineyard, nor gather the fruit thereof, nor reap, for it was to be “a year of rest unto the land.” Nehe- miah, the son of Hachaliah, complains that he saw “some treading wine-presses on the Sabbath, and bringing in sheaves, and lading asses,” and thatthe men of Tyre “ brought fish and all manner of ware, and sold on the Sabbath unto the children of Judah, and in Jerusalem,” wherefore, “* when the gates of Jerusalem began to be dark before the Sab- bath? he “commanded that the gates should be shut, and charged that they should not be opened till after the Sabbath ’; and he com- placently adds: ‘So the merchants and sellers of ail kind of ware lodged without Jerusalem once or twice.” Trading was pro- hibited on certain other days besides the Sabbath, as, for instance, on those of the new moon, The Prophet Amos calls upon the people who are saying, “ When will the new moon be gone, that wo may sell corn ? and the Sabbath, that we may set forth wheat, making the epheh sinall, and tho shekel great, and falsifying the balances by deceit 2” ‘This idea of the restfulness of the Sabbath- day, when all ordinary work and the pursuit of gain were laid aside, is the leading one that runs through all the Iebrew Scriptures that have any bearing upon the subject; and in the Christian Church there was for ages no law affecting the observance of Sunday and this even was not forbidden until the decree of Constantine in the year 921, which applied only to towns, leaving people in the country “ freely and without fault”? to ‘at- tend to the cultivation of theirficlds, . 2 . lest, with the loss of favorable opportunity, the commodities afforded by Divine Provi- dence should be destroyed.” If Prof. Tyn- dall can convince the people of Scotland that they are mistaken in confounding Sunday, the first day of the week, with the Jewish Sabbath, the last day of the week, and in their understanding of the Jewish Sabbath itself, he may possibly do more to advance the cause of Christianity in that region than all the synods, and presbyteries, and assem- blies are likely to accomplish by their search for doctrinal heresies. SNOBBERY. Every avenue of life is choked with snobs. They permeate the community and impress upon the mass an airof vulgarity. They thrust themselves to the fore, to the exclusion of modest merit, They are seen in thedraw- ing-room, in the college, in the pulpit, in every profession, and in every trade, The society snob makes no effort to conceal his contempt for poverty, and is equally frank in exhibiting an obsequious devotion to wealth and its gaudy trappings. He imitates the dress and manners of the most distinguished man in his circle, and is proud to dog his footsteps, like a spaniel, that he may catch his phrases and parrot them to the retinue of lesser snobs, as the flea Hag smaller fleas that on him proy, ‘And these bave siuuller tleus to Dito em, ‘And s0 proceed ad injinitum, The literary snob imitates the stylo of the most popular author of the day, stealing from him everything but his ideas, and leav- ing them to their owner only because he fails The pulpit snob paro- dies the dramatic passages in the sermons of the preacher who happens to be the fashion with coarse, offensive “rant,” which con- yerts the solemn church-service into a farce. ‘The theatrical snob imitates Booth, or Bar- rett, or McCullough, and, as he stalks across the stage, his eyes ‘in a fine frenzy rolling.” muking comedy of tragedy, provokes roars of laughter, which he interprets as applause, and duly acknowledges amid more merri- ment. The legal snob imitates Webster, or Choate, or Ingersoll, and the Bar chuckles and the jury chuckles, and the snobbish fool —loses his case. And all these snobs have their imitators, too,—again the sinaller fleas, with still smaller fleas to bite em. Nothing could be more appropriate than the flea simile. The'snob is the meanest of all parasites. He is an echo, and the echo grows fainter and fainter as we follow the descending scale of snobbery. The snob is an arravtcoward. Ile dare not speak until the copy has been set, and then he speaks hesitatingly, lest the man he echoes should unfortunately change his mind. The snob is courageous only in the absence of the great man he imitates. It is then that he shines in his borrowed plumes. Ilaving studied his part, he plays it with audacity because without fear of ‘contradiction. Lf there is one snob more despicable than an- other, it is the oraiorical snob. Who does not remember the political campaign of 1876, after Bob Lugersoll’s famous speech in nom- inating Blaine at Cincinnati? Every cross- roads snob from Maine to California imi- tated the great orator in matter and manner. And what vile unitators they were! To listen to one of them was to tempt the spirit of suicide, No doubt many persons were rendered isrsane, and others plunged into tne gulf of idiocy, by those frizhtful travesties on oratory. The politician is a natural snob, and the spirit of snobbery is assiduously cultivated by the managers of every political campaign. Jue pack- ages of the printed spey of the great every neighborhood there is a family’ of snobs where snobbery is taught and prac ticed as a religious duty. The parental head. of the family imitates the parental head of a richer or more prominent family in the same. square; the maternal head of the family of snobs imitates the wife of the head of the richer family, and the children, big and little, of the poorer family imitate the dress and manners of the children, big and little, of the richer or more prominent family. If the richer family are not snobs they pity the poorer family, but if they are, snobs they ace cept the parasitical adulation and patronize the parasites. ‘ Perhaps the army evokes more snobbery than any other public institution in thiscoun- try, and this fact has tended powerfully to promote snobbery in the army. -The snobs out of the army and the snobs in the army So actand react upon each other as to ele~ vate the practice of snobbery to a fine arti The Colone! imitates the General, the Major: the Colonel, the Captain the Major, and thei Lieutenant the Captain. Whether the Ser-i geants and Corporals are guilty of the lowe! est form of snobbery, we are not prepared to. say. Probably they are. With snobbery in the army doubtless the blue uniform and brass buttons have much todo. In his unk form alone the arniy officer possesses two stroug incentives to snobbery. 1t is the em- Diem of his right to command, and makes him look something like a peacock. Conse- quently men envy his authority and women admire his personal appearance. What won- der that he becomes vain and proud, and struts his brief hour upon the stage with tho air of a grand seignior! And this is all that is necessary to promote an abnormal deyel- opment of the spirit of snobbery through- out the ranks of civil life. To know an army officer, and to be on terms of intimacy with his family, is to be within reach of the high- est round of the ladder of snobbery. If the army officer isa snob he dazzles the admir- ing snob with frequent views of his uniform; if he is not a snob he makes a butt of the parasite, laughs at him, and uses and abuses him as he would any other fool. Astronomical. Chicago (Trmmune office), north latitude, 41 dog. 52m. 5is.; west longitude 42m. 183. from Washington, and 5h. 60m. 30s. from Greenwich. The subjoined table shows the time of rising of the moon’s lower limb, and the ollicial time for lighting the first street-lamp in each circuit in this city, during the coming week, unless ordered sooner on account of bad weather. Also the following times for extinguishing the first lamp: Moon rises. Ste p.m. Light. 45 p. m. Extingutsh. 10: Wednesday: Thursday... Friday. ‘The moon was in apogee yesterday. She will be in her last quarter next Wednesday at 9:15 p.m. : The sun’s upper limb will rise on Monday at 6:59 2. m., south at I1h, 46m. 90.15. a. m., and set at 4:33% p.m. ‘The sun’s upper limb rises Friday next at 7:00 Q. m., souths at 1h. tim. 43.1s. a. m., and sets at 4:31 p.m. The sideral time Thursday mean noon will be 6h. 20m. 10.763. Mercury wil! be In inferior conjunction with the sun next Tuesday, and then pass tothe westward, rising before the sun.” Venus will south Thursday at 2:16 p. m., and set at 6:40 p. m., or 2h. 8m. after the sum. She is now an evening star, and would be bright but that she is rather low at the time of sunset, ow- ing to her great southern declination. furs is now a few degrees west from the sun. He will south Thursday at 11:07a.m. He may be scen in the east just before sunrise, but is not prominent yet. : Jupiter will south at 8:16 p. m. Thursday, and set at2:280.m. Friday. He is an evening star, and still very bright, though waning. His ap- Darant diameter Is now 43%; seconds of arc. He isnow very nearly stationary with reqpect to the earth; that is, we are being carried away | from him nearly in the line of sight from us tothe planet. His distance from the earth, ‘Thursday, will be almost precisely 400,000,008 | miles. Saturn will south Thursday at 9:07 p. m. and set Friday at3:din.m. He is 12% degrees east from Jupiter, and the angular distance between them is decreasing at the rate of ‘about one de- &ree per month. The greatest apparent diame- ter of his ring system is about 44 seconds of arc; and least do 10 seconds. Uranus will south Thursday at 6:41. m., Tis | ing at about 12 minutes after midnight. Weather permitting, his position will now be observed, with the meridian telescope during - the remainder of tho year, for determining the corrections yet needed to the assumed clements of his orbit. Neptune will south Thursday at 10:20" p.m. Right ascension 2h. 42mn.; and declination 1 degrees 48 minutes north. ———————_____ Iw reference to the French spy-system and . political detectives, the Paris Fiyaru of ith ot | October, After reterring to the many victims of that system,—Bazaine, Lebauf, Trochu, Fros- sard, Failly, and now again Gen. Cissey,—sayS? And, after all this, speak of treason and traitors, and of tho reptite-fund which fs used in maintatmng this abuminabie system of ¢3- vionage ull over France! What stupidity to accuse Bismarck of such profuse squandering of Spies? Why, are not the party mem- bers in France the best spies in the world? Are not all of them as good as Prusgian nygents,— most admirable agents,—who play no other role but, to demunstrute to the world f their political opponents and competitors are dunces—dunees in the political sense of the word, dunces in a social sense of the word? And ‘after every one of them his per~ formed his job, and every one bas sulticiently pletured the infumies of the other, and ull the proofs and evidence are thrown together and - conclomerated, what a splendid tout qrscmble to behold France standing there, covered with the shitme of the whole worid! Cun the Prussiais invent anythiug. more detestable? Could thoy dishonor France more successfully? The Prus- sitns possess prent dent of intelligence, avarice, and hatred, but they could not think of un. thing more degrading aguinst us than what wo have said uguinst oursetves. ‘They could oot jt ra invite & more infamous pusquil than the. Lita one for which we every day furnish the materi! seb asta 5 Tue Tiflis-Baku Railway, now on the eve of completion, is not Itussia’s only evidence of netivity in the important fegion between tho Black Sen and the Caspian.! A railroad is pro- jected along the east coast of the Black Sea from Poti to the newly-acquired port of Batoum, and thence iniana to Kars. These lines, once completed, would make Russia mistress of tho