Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, April 3, 1875, Page 4

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE 4 . : SATURDAY, APRIL 3, 1875.—~TWELVE PAGE e e e ———— THE PENITENTIARY. An Intcresting Statement by a Recently-Liberated Conviet. B Treatment of Frisoners nnder the 0ld Regime---The Drutal Panishe ments that Wera Inflicted, A Great Chango for the Befter under Present Management. The Institntion Now Deolared to Bo Ono * of the Model Prisons of tha - Qonntry, 2o the Tditor of The Clitenco Tribune: Citicaao, March 30,—~ITaving just beew lib- crated from tho Ilinois State Penitenliary by s pardon ab Lie banda of Gov Raverldge, 1 Lave thought it proper, for the information of the oumeroun ronders of your wldely-circulating paner, to give them s brief statewment of prienn- management in maid inetitution undor the eld regime, snd of {hat of the presont, in whichs 1% w1 be 200n tlat there is A DECIDED IMPROSEMEST. and that tho ofiicers aro fully up to the domands of an enligbtened publie, and that they nre doing nll in their powar to ameliarato tho condition of the unfortunnte, and thun to efect their roforma- zion, and thoreby lessen tho commission of crime. When T waa first committed to said prison tho metagenont and dicipline therein wore strango- Jv 1n contrast to thoso of tho presont time. Then o were obliged to cat our food with onr fingera. Tho food wasof abad quality,—fre- quently belug rpolled bofore covkiug,—bndly cuokod, and worsc served ont. It was bad enongh to wake a hungry plg squeal. Tho dis- cipline and praiohments wera sevoro and CRUEL IN THE EXTREME, For tha elighteat infraction of sny of the multi- farious riles,~even unwittingly committed,~ men wora put into the bath-tub of wator coolod eimost to freezing poiut by tho admixture of 1rom B0 to 100 pounds of ice,—their arms and limba being held by assintants in such s manner us to render the sictim belpless,—aud wero than # ducked * and their hoads held undor tho cold water as Jong as it scomed safo to do 8o, when thoy would be taken out, resuscitated; ami epain and egain was the ducking ropented. as tong and s often as it pleased the fobuman and brotal officers, Men were bandcuffed and mauncled, thrust into a dungeon, fastened up to a “ bull-ring * in the sides of the dungeon by ihe biands, ns high o8 tho head, and sometimes a knaprack, fillad with 20 pounds of jron, strappod on to the shouldars and back, in which condi- tion the poor convict waa kept hours, snd days even, without being lot’ down for any purpose whatever, and without food or water, tbus causing a awelliug of the flesh and limbs almost to bursting of the akin, ~ Whilst those barbari- ties wero Leing practicod, the intmman, ignorant, and unfeeling brato of & keoper would often come around and e SCOFY AT THET: BUFFERINOA, and prnlunali taunt. Mou were boatsn with canes, clubs, billios, sto., uotil their very lives were pounded out of thom. TLo hospital-list wan full to repletion, and there they recelved hut Jittls bettor trontmeut. The guards woro 1gnorant, diesolute, and drunken brutes, some of whom could neithor{read nor write, but the, had the physical ability to put into exccution tho Instincts of their low, “groveling naturen. And ali thin with the Luowledgo and” approval of tho ofticera. Insanity and othor sorions discases often followed as & result of such brutsl trent- meot, and poor And insufiiclant food. The beds woro mworsbla shams, ~ whereon to rost the weary, faint, sick, over- worked, ill-fed, and abased human being, who wan helplossly maio 1o enfler on without a ray of bopo to illumine his iinsgination ss to relief, except in denth. Many a well man hzas thus bacn made sick or crippled for life, Others have LOST TIEUL LIVER, sod their bones lie hidden under the earth of tha adjoining hill to tho eastof tho prison-in closure. Tho clothing of the convicts was of tho cheapest and poorest kind, and oftontimen wan insulHcient, snd so ragged as to afford but tittle protection for the neuds or docsucioa df the wearer. “The abovo recital of mismansgoment In what shonld ke a great savitary institution, not only for the welfers of thounfortuuato in & humani- tarian point of view, but slso for tho interests of community at large, conveys facts which can bo substautiated Dy indubifable proofs. And, as a confirmntion to A cortain oxtont, I will addace .the circumeutancea of my own oxperience, not culy of the historleal accounts of thexe crucltien of “the dark nges ju th* otherwise onlightencd ag0, but also in the acthnt practices of them. 1u ordor to gratify a malovolent spirit of ra. venge for {fl-feclings of » porsbnal nature, nn- #endered by clrenmstances disconnoctod with 1lus vriron, I soon jearned that I was A MARKED VICTIM,— ono doomed ir updergo the bitter experionce of whnt crool, vindictive, and brutal usture conld inflict upon an innocent man, who was powerlesa {o invoke assiutance to stay the Lurri- bl intliction, or to appeal to higher autboritics for coreection of the,villainoun abusos. I have #1id thnt I wasan innncent man s to what theso inflictions were imposed uponme for. Under- atand me, I do not use the term punishment, bee caune that would imply & penaisy or roward for tho commiussion of sune offenss or crime, I bad vot ovon_been guilly of tba infraction of any of the rules of the prison, as 1 shall cleark show vour roaders before I get through witl this subject. Dut, in order to gratify this por- sonal walice, o tictitiouy charge was brought A‘}‘{llllhl e, aud 1 thiat way was I mado to suffer tho . MALIGNAXAY AND VIRULENCE of thia ivhuman monuter clotlied 1n o littlo briet unthority,—L eay brisf autbority, bocuuse hin ign was of shor: duration, but fong enough to lravo its 1ndeliblo tracew on me for the balunce of my lifo. The sramped-up ehargas on which I was mal- treated conmstod in 1y being ropotod for doing but a balf-day's work in adav'stime. Atthistimo 1 Lad beon in prizon but three months, aud was doing s miuch work, and it was ns well done, us others doing the same kind of worl, with an ox- perience of eighteen months. I wus sout to the **dungeon,” whero I was kapt two full days and mghts. 1o the intervening time 1 was visited by this Bond, and tauntingly intermied by him, with an oxultant ‘and sardonio grm, *‘Damn youl 1 will koep you Lere most of tha limne, aud DON'T CAKE IF IT KILLA YOU." Immed)n(ulz aftor this I was chuined to tho “ pult-niug,* and kept in thia condition until tho third day, -wlen 1 was escortea to the bath. uouse, uuder guard of four atalwart uegroes, whero, under tho [muiediato supervision of this Lzuto, I was forcibly plunged repeatedly iuto a vath-tub of could water, and held by thous ne- groce a8 long 88 be dated to, wheu I was taken sut, snd, us I lay on the floor, more dead than slive, gasping, panting, uyd laboriug hard to get oy breath, I wus sgain dended and mockud with e delectable language as follows 1 * Now, you lamned tlnof, huve you got enough of iL?” As evideuco ta disprove the chargen for which { wue pu inhumanly tflruuud, 1 cau producs the ritton statemonts and certiticates of tnose high W suthonty ju said prison st the timo they oc- surred, snd also of thioss bhuvivg personal waper- nwion over we snd of wy work, who wost em- r>¥ically deny the truth of eeid churges, sither nsufticiont” or uuskillful work. Aud, oo the *stber band, the ducumentary evideuco of tho in- Yictlons, und of their effucts upon mo, 1 it any wonder that no reformation of erimi- auls was efected through imprisovmont under she discipline aud mavagamont of such officeis ? [z was only catenilated 1o arouse the very worst pussions of 10ar's nature, wnd caueo Liw, ut the surliost opportunity, to aveuge hig wicugs upon {he community ut largo.. : With & majotity ot the presout officers of ruid Prison, thoro is & - FAB DIFFEBENT BENTIMENT sorvading thelr miuds and jxuveruing thelr teeatmvnt of convicty. » Whilst there I an ehi- cient adberenco to a strict and wholesoma dis- cipiine, there is, at the samo tiuo, Ao appesl to the wanliood, to tho heart, to the thouzhi uxd feelings, of the convicts, An effort is bewig cous stantly 1wade to elevate and gnuoble them in their own estiation, aud in their own conduct aud character. Now thero is a dlsposition to Hive convicts & pleuly of good, substantial, and wholceo: ood, sulliciently covked, and prop- irly sarved; and koivos, forks, and spoous, to was with, togesher with vepper, salt, sod vinogar ; cumfortable beds aud blaukets, pillow-czecs, alisets, ‘towels, cl-c.; goud clothing for their pureons, couwisting of the ususl striped—black- d-white—cuats, Veuluy and pauts, with clures, oo undarahirts, drawers, ceps, shoes, and mitiens, which ara kept clean and whole The punishimonts comprise T SUEAT euk alsn, Tha whipping-post, mack, thumb-string, and dungeon, sro not practice. As a general rnlo, thoto is » ready obe- dionce to all the rules of tha prison, good work is done, and tha sllotted tankis :.-mmr;lg l’;erlnfl:nc«‘ly :m;l pence, harmong, good ordar, and health pre- veil. . Bo far as discipline and good managomsnt aze concorned, this prison may be considerad one of the mode) prisons ot our country, And, for this state of things, too much praiso cannot he ace cordod to Cumnmissioners Southworth and Taylor, Warden McClaughry, and Doputy-Warden Iall, toaliof whom are’tobe attributed theso hu- mane changoes, with their logieal results. 1 would stk yonu, Mr, Editor, s well a8 your rondor, it the picturs I have lant drawn, in con- tradistinction to that of the firal, tanota do- cided improvement, and, in overy posaibla point of view, FAR PREFEMAULEL 18 1t not caleulated Lo develop and cultivale the £o0d Lhero is 10 man ; to raiso mithin the broasts cf all such unfortunates & rirht spirt, s ealm and profitable roview of tlicir formor Uves. and 1o awaken In thom nese thoughts, now foslings, i\nd & firm vesclution to sdopt and lve bolter ivon ? Init not also s great boon bestowed ttpon the prison _ofticials, under-oflicers, kocpors, and gonrda? 1s it not productive of good even to thoso having the respounsibility, earo, and dizec- tion, of so fnrges uumbor of persons, mainly madoup of the warst elements of sociaty 2 Iait not gratifying to contorrplata tho favorablo chianges in human nature thal can bo wroughl by, 1ym-r)nlant, intelligent, but gentlo meaus ? 'o conclude this alresdy toa langhty comma- nication, 1 will briefly advert to the resilts of the inliction put upon me. My ‘‘ditcking,” my conflnement in the dun- goon, chained up to the bull-ring, so impaired my conntitution, and imposed snch lasting injurica upon my phynical system, that thoy waoro uecd aa ood and sufficiont GROTNDS YOR MY PARNOY heforo thoe expirntion of my tern: of mentenca. And e is throngh the humane and intelligent viaw takon of the great injuatico dono me thero- iy, b{ onr vory worthy Gov., Boveridge that I am indebted for my pardon. ¥ Theso benelicial results aro brought abont by putting the right kind of men In the pesitions, and by rr(wicnm mafuly can they bocome good prigon ofticials. Aslong as a wan fills bis poai- tion with integrity and ability, the tenure of his ofiice shonid not bo madn to dopend upon politi= oal inflaences or profermont. 1taspestfully, Ax Ex-Cosvien LUMBER. Statistics of the Maninteo Rexlon. Correapondence of The Chicago Triduse, 3Iawisrre, Mich., March 2§.—Tho lumbering nesson just closing in this viclnity has boen & sremarkable ove for the amount of snow in tho woodg. For tho past threo months the snow has been from 4 Lo 5 feoi deep, and in many in- etancea waa drifted to such an oxzent na to canso tho sbandonment of logging entirely, Notwith standiog this obatruction, and tho universal cry to put ia less logs, the supply wilt bo nearly o large this year as last, and some of tho mills aro 2lready making preparations to run night and day, Dotieving that the amount ol Manie- teo timber put in this wintor Is of vital impor- tance, not only to the lamber-dealers of your ¢ity, bul to dealers ovorywhore, I sond you the tollowiug table, showing the amount of Toga ex- pected 1o bo put in by the breaking up of tho soauon, srhicly, in fact, has already commenced. ‘Fheso wiatistics hove boen carsfully prepared by a gontlomsu who visited the camps iu pereon nnfi obtained the Information horsin set forth. By tho timo the camps bronk up, the amount of feot mny be lessoned by early raina or other cauges ; but It is bolioved thul tbers cannot bo 3 difforenice of moro than 10,000,000 fost made cither way: | For whom put fn. § .'5.:3 .(m?‘:zl of 3 H §| H H si Cusbman, Calklus & Co. Chay, Reitz & Bros,, Glford, Ruddock & Co, Canfleld & Whedler., . Louts Sauds, 1L, G, Peters & G0, Wheeler, Magill & Ambrose & Co ., Bradley Broa,..u.. 1. 1, Birigley & Co, Dennet & Dunbam, Temmey & = £S5 00D mzlessvesnananes s Filer & Bons i S0y Horace Gabo Wl 400,000 Engloman, B [l w1l 4000 Hanaot & 3y 7| aonow Steomach Lumabor Gota. g 1| 40| 6} 2,300,000 il 3o [ 2sowon 3 sl o1 Zawoioen 1 ks IR 4,000, e [, wl Wing & Hunes., o Nine & Inginder, 1 1 o Alurray i Bluwson, i 10| iy 72| 1431 m’ 143,217,043 I BEES, T the Editor of The Chicigo Tridune : - Saurn Beyp, Ind,, March 28,—A recent fasue of your paper contained an article by Sir John Lubbock, who, Ithink,{s laboring under some mistake or old notions about tho bees whon ho nays, **Thoy aro a solfish lot of insects, and tho devotion awarded their queen altogether too great”” Itis instinet and interost, more than devotion, They will pormit any bumbur of queens in tho hivo at once, and, to all appear- unce, troat thum alike, and pay no attention to them an they aro removed one by ono, till the last ono ia taken, when they immodiately come monce thatr doleful wall. They know, if their ueen ia lost, thoy wust perish, T have had a anzon or moro queens in a hive at the sumo tima. I tried the oxporiment of uup»lnf off their stings to sce if bees could not ba kept in very large bives, with queons onough to keep the comba welt filled with brood. 1 succeeded so far aa meking them unable to injare ecach other, but their disposttivns were not changed. Whenover they met, thoy would nave a combat and dosert tho hive. The workors never interfored in the usrrol. 4 Asto the **difference in docihty and intelli- onco,” I bave never boen able to discover any. hio ilalians are cqually vigioua with the native bos when aroused, Thowe most friendly are thoss Joast disturbed. No work shonld be por- formed about the hives in the afternoen or after sundown, neither vory carly in the mormnsg, bo- foro tho workers have left for tha flold; for, at auch times, all that do battlo are at home. A wwann of boos well etirred up will romembaer it for woeks, } 1have nover found that beas have any dislike or preferonce for diffcront individusls. It im only the persow's Lnowlodge of approaching theia, or warding off their sitacks, that gives nse 30 such an idea, Bir John says there are *sgreat paculianties with raference to their time of work.” The poculiarities aro simply a ques- tion s tothe strengih of the eolonies, thoamunnk cf pasture, and the stato of the woatLor, With- out good pasture, fair weather, snd. above all, strong swarms, the pecalwrity will be. 7ou got uo huuy. Mra, §1 AL F. e AID FOR NEBRASKA SUFFENENS. To tha Editor of The Chicace Tribune: Oatania, Masch 27,—1'he Nebraska State Horti- oultural Hoolety, at its late meeting, inatructod mo to ask Eastorn nurserymen aud soedsmen to ald our people in the fronticr counties who lost their (roen tho past year by the ruvages of the graasboppors. (roves and orchards ure essen- tial to the growth of any country, and partica- larly on these wide prairics. I am watisfiod that thero ate buundreds of nurserymen who would fienorouul_y respoud, a3 our Eastern frieuds buve done with food aud clothing, Qur fitate js distributing, forseed, whcat, onts, tatoes, otc., t0 tho amount of #50.000. Geun, mhbln teleyraphs the slupment of %00 bush- is {J! barley'from (aliforniu, douated fyom that tato. Now, what is wanted in the way of soeds is beot, melon, onlon seed, olc., for garden vepo- tablos essentisl to the health of the fawlly, Currants, gooseburries, aud orchard treea of uny kind, with young forest troes, wilt be gladly recolved, snd the names and sddress of the douors publishied in our Btate papers. All puckasges should be directod, *Stato Ald Bacioty, Omaba, Neb," who will seo that a zopor distribution ju made through the Local amitteos, Tho Hocioty bave made armnpe~ menty with the railrcads for the freight. What over s donu should be dous et vuce, and wo hoge for & ready respoues from Iilinows. Yours tsuly, J. T Avrax, Preatdent Rebraska Mortlcuitural Huelsty, 8 bath, bullering, Imnr A Chapter u I THE FARM AND GARDEN, on Kitchon-Gur- Aening. How to Raise Vegetables, Both Early nnd Late. Some Suggestions ns fo the Caltivation of Corn. Laboling Troos and Plnnta—Sp;ing-I‘eod- ing of Bees, Prepared for Tha Chicagn Tribune. ' A CHAPTER ON OARDENINO. Lant week wa quoted * Bpring has como.” We kmew it nad not come, and eaid so. In fach, at the time of writioe, big fires werp tho order of tho doy ; bnt, as the last wosk in Mareh ap- peared, it graw warmer, and March, which came in liko & lion, went out lika a lamb. 1t has been said thst fools can guess right half the time., Why shonld ther not? It is an even chance. Popular superstitions ars eaid to bo founded in fact. Perhapnthoy ere ; and popular suporstitions are right about as often au fools,—uay half tho time. 'Iho fact is, if the proplicey hits, it Is remembered ; if it misses, it in forgotten: and mo fools who are prophetio ofton get tho eredit of boing wive men, Well, spring did como March 1, according to the almanne, but not apring weathor for the birds ; but tho let of April--All-Fonls' Day—found apring woather in the alr and birds in every treo, Bat “ The Farm and Garden " thinks that the Lirda will yot have cold loes beforo warm wehthor comed. * Ono swallow duos ot mako & summer.” 4 . On that last March day and on that flrst day of April, how baliny way the alr, astho sonth wind came crecpiog ita way into the north, sug- gustivo of BITING YLOWINS, : How it molted the grost drifts of enow and manses of ice that atill lingered in fonco-cornera and hehind wicd-breaks, As thoso sollds wero changed into & liquid, how thoy trred to “mn down toward (e " soa.” Wo say tried, for the waters did not sun far, Upon saudy soils, the frost waa softened to the depth of 14 inches, and it drank the water lying about, overy drop, sud wanted moro ; and the soll was frisble ond solid. On the black soil, the frost was out to the dopth of 6 inches, sud that also drank the water as fast ns it was mado, and it ram Moes not come o thoronghty eoak the carth, by the tino thofroat Loalsftto the depth of 12 inchos, the ground will ba thoroughly friable and in condition for plowing. Lucky—no, sagacious—ars those farmera who, with their land fall-plowed, snd their sced, implements, nnd teams ready, took time, as they wonld a liorse, by the forolock, and sowed and covered in their grain when the frost had lofé the ground to the dopth of 8 or 4 iuches. They will be especlally lucky, this late seasan, if they havo douo mo, should hear{‘ rains come to keep tho gronnd sonked, Nevortheless, in droughty distniets, tho ground. being dry to a great dopth, will soak up au {ndofinite amount of water, IN THE KITCHEN-GARDEX, also, no time ahould be lost in preparing the sofl 88 400D Ay it is thoroughly eettled and friable. It is absolutsly nceossary, in order to insare a good crop, that pess, lottuce, radivh, splonch, turnip, and = onions shom!d be sown fust aa early in the epring as the "ground will sdmit, This epring especially 8o, since il {g lato. In sowing peas, sow oarly, medium, and Jato sorts, all at one time. Thia yoar, gel a succossion, and bave each early, Danial O’Ronrke, although old, ia stillono of the best oarly peas; sud Champion of England, the very best medium early pos. For lato peas, and for the genoral crop, the lngo Marrowfat 18 hardy and as good n= nny. e of tho mistakes mado by kitchen-gardon- ers s in supposing that boots and carrots must not be sown until about corn-planting time, and that dwarf-beans muat not bo planted until about the 1st of Jumne. to beats and carrota, thosa wauted for the early crop slould ba sown 18 800R aftor the Jottuce and radish as possible. Thus you may get nice roots for the tabla somotlmes jn May, always in June. Tho early blood turnip-beet i8 & good ‘one, and French ahort-horn carrot is the Lost eurly, Thore nre fow better grocns than beef-tops, and, in thiuning the orop, slways save thom, Thoy will coma fn immediately after spinach s gone. ‘Therefors sow thickly; you are thus suro of a good staud, and thosa thinned out are good for tho pot, Tho same rule wili apply to all garden-noody s Bow thick and thin quick, ia n good rulo. You must weed at any rate, and, whilo weoding, it iy but liltle moro trouble to thin tho plants thaa simply to wecd them, Sulsify, or “vynmblo—oynton" is auother root that should bo oultlvated in every garden. Thoy aro wot much lilie ovsters, it ia true, even in flavor; but they makae a very nico dish cooked iu any of the simple ways usual, They roquire rich soil and the wholo season to grow i, aud, in a dry soil, will stand any winter without cov- ering. ~ Most paople leave thom in the gronnd during the winter, but it ls botter to dig thom in tho fal), aud pack themia sand in the celiar. Thus yoit may Lave thern in their proper senson, tho wintor.” A fow wmay be loft In tho ground to ho dug in the upriog ; if o, aftor being thoroughly trozon. They should he thickly cover- ed with mulch, and uncovernd to” thaw in the apring as you waut thew. Tho sume rulo mit np&!ly to puranips, Bow !fll]{{ a8 oarlyin the spring sa possible. Tho carlier thoy aro gown, the better the crop, usually . For winter use, carrots anil beots shonld not bo sown until about the 1st of June, and oven the last Wi ofte: a good crop. Thoy do not make large rools, it is true, but large enough for culinary use, You want them tender and succulent, and thos you may have thom so. Long dark blood- beot and orango earrots are best. Parsuips should Lo sown about the Istto the middlo of May, I'ey want the whole scanon to grow in. The hollaw~crowned variaty la EMOOTY, LONG, AND EXCELLENT, The Weat 1s not a good climato for turnips of any kind. It s too botand dry in the summoer. Tor thisreason, sow them cither very early or very lato, oxcept Swodish turnips, bess will oftan givo a good crop sown tha last of May. If you wait A month later, vory likoly thuy wil cither be eaten by the Ay, or elso be burmed up, or both, foro they got root. With flat furnipa for winter use, you must take your chances. Sow tho Isiter part of July, and contioue to sow at Intervals until the mh{dlo of Angust. We haveoven tuised fair thre vipa sown the Iast of Auguat, aud bollevs for the hEla that, liie pickliog cucumbers, the amsliar the tnmlr the butter. We all liko besno, but it ia not every ons who “known beans.™ bou‘l. wait too long befora you plaut brushi-beans for the firut crop, Plant some as early as the 20th of April, I the ronnd is In condition, or about the funu you wontd plant your first crop of corn, Buppose tho frost does kill the firal plantiog of beana; supposs the frost nips your firut planting of corn; you are fhen ay ready to roplanc as your wait-awhile ueighbors. 1t it does not, you are ahoud. ‘The mere plunt- ing is not much, sud the socd costs but litrls, Tho frost will not kill more thau one your out of three, Lepond upon i}, no man, or woman sither, will fot eurly vegetablea unless tho{ sre planied early, Market-gardenera know thin, and eo they sell” the walt-awhile gardeners tho varly atull at high prices, aud lewve them fo wone der why they camnot got vegetablos an ¢atly au tho gardeners, There aro only two roasons: Tho lirst is peglect in plantiog” early enough; tho socond is want of good cultivatlon, —stirring the soil aud weediug. COLTIVATION OF CORN, A correspondeut at Jowa Fails, In, wants “The Furm and Garden * to tako up the subject of corn-culture aud discuss it thoroughly. "lle Bays truly that it is tho mont importaut crop in the West. No, we must excepl gross and bay ; for, if it Innos, it should ho. Wo rather thivk Wwo will do e next wesk. Lvery mau thinks he knows ul} about ralsing cori, *The I'arm wud Garden” thinks it kuows somncthing sbout it. Moy roised as Ligh a3 1,000 acros in ouo season, Can givesowe tigures trow the farm-book. How many farmers kouvuun; and, if not, why pos # IL it an oldiuduge, **Wot aud wartn for luding curn.” But wo bave fouud a dry June to conatitute one of the prime Intsgers in u good corn crop. Wo suppone some of Tux InioNg readers in various Westorn Statos will be trylng for a pre- mum crop this season, Why not? You get your pay, whether you get the premium a4 ths furs or nat, % THE UOW TO DOIT is a8 Jotlows ; ‘o beginning whould have boen wade last fall, by drawivg on to the land, aud pMowing m beam.deap, on well-drained land, at lonat forty good twt-lhorso loads of long ma- nure, Thon haal mora or less—tho more tha tester—of flne manure. durlmf the wintor, Whon the land is_n coudition. harrow thin in after apreading. If the woods start before plant- ing time, harrow agaiu. Just bofore planting time, bub always when the land ia no sr;' lhlgll will not be Inmpy, plow tha land’about 4 or 5 inchies deop, Mark 3 feet 8inchaa apart, and plant—dropping four grains of soed that you are sure will grow. Hurrom, swhethar thor aro woods or not. just as you find some of (ho gralns of com begiuning to gorminate, aud rtoll immodiatoly. As soon a5 you can nco the rows, harrow again, and, in two or throo days, culti- vate with a walking cnltivator having very nare roo hull-fongues, instead of the ususl plowa, noxt tho corn. Caltivate eloso to the coru, and deop, since the narrow tongnos, 214 inchos wito, will'vast but littls dirt, Thus work thecorn both wase, 'Then revorso the teoth, putting Lthe nar- raw ones fartheat from tho corn, aud eot themn 80 thoy will work deop, while the wluo onot nnxt the corn work more shallow, Go hoth ways through tho corn in this manner, Thou con~ tinue to cultivate, any once a weok, nutil the com gots Loo bigh to work. It weoits continus to grow, and if thoy do not, culttvate with one horae and s horae-hoo, but not deep until tho first éassols of the eorn ap- pear; and, if thy nesaon in a good one, you will 2ok corn 08 big: an it can grow, and a hig'crop of corn Lo boot,~from 100 10 125 bunliela per acta. This you way incrosss Lo 150 bushiels an acro, if sou chiooso 4o takathie trouble to make a com- post of hinll a barrol af plaster, 200 pounds of Ruano or blood-manire, threo or four barrols of unleschiod 2alies, and a wagon-load of dry woil or barn-yard ecrapiugs, mized intimatoly together, to bo usad on twoor threo acres, apiphiod aver tho check-matks of the planter immudiately afier planting., 'This coats some money, but it is one of the ways, and, in many localition, the very bost and the choapestplan, uf rataing corm. LADELING ORCHARD-TRELA, 1n nino cases out of ten, the farmer who nlants an orchard will find no little difficulty in distiuguisbing varietion of irnit after tio Iabels attached, ong to each bundlo of varieties, have bocomo illegible, which, being marked in pencil on & stzip of wood, they soon do, Upon plant- Ing sn orenard, whother of pip or stone fruits, or avineyard, or even a plantatiou of berrles, A diagram’ on paper shonld_be mado, showing aceuratoly tho location of each row, and the va- rietics thorein. Tho way to do this will oraily suggeat {tsoll, I( trees are last from hord win- turd, or any othop cause, nud are replaced by otlior variotioa, corresponding alterations ehould bo made in the map, e found, years ngo, this plan to work well, Now, if to this you addaa good, durablo, logt- ble, and conspicnons labe! to each tree, viie, bush, or shrub, not only yourself and your fame ily will woon bacome familier with varicties, buc a_little obsorvation will enablo any onu soou to distinguivh very many of them st sight by tho paculiuntios of wood at growth, One of tho difficulties in this diroction is that, if the labola aro put on with twine, 8 singlo uce- gon rota it, and the Iahel i lust. It put on with wire, poonor or Iater is girdles tha limb to which 1414 attached, VARIOUA PLANY FOR SIARRING havo been sdopted from timo to tino, many of thain patented, nad uone of them ura especially valuable. Among the latest labels wo linve doen ara vory small onos of zine, atamped with any namo desired. Those are, of courso, as lnstinig a8 (he matal itaelf. but they aro inconapictous, and, wa think, praposterously high in prico, By fastening at ono cnd a stripof red flannel, or other light cloth, either by pnnching and wiring, or, better, by leaving & strip lang enough 8o it might be turoed over and the cloth fastensd in the fold of metal ; by painting, orby tho various othor nave that will onsily nupgost themuelves, it wonld be an improvement. The word various s used becauso wo sish to cover the whalo ground, vo that thy averaro inventor may not steal tho fdes, and rush down the place whoro a patent is given for anything that enrrien the feo with it. Ho, this combination of metal sua cloth, paint, ele.,»ineures both durability and conspicuousness, If the othor ond of the Iabel be piorced, and » wire attached, ending fn u loop at the otlier end, through which a tack or vory small brad may be put, and driven into the troe; or, better again, if somothing like a s:lnzlor’u polot, piorced for tho wiro, be nassd, which may easily bo drivon into the smallest linb, or {asténed in any way excopt around tho branch, we havo very nearly perfection iu thia direction. Wo want again to cover the gronnd nramnl plant patants, and thua you may hiave a labal beyond which little noed bo desived ; st loast we found it six yoars ngo, excopt wo uged labelu marked with indelible ink on strong whito eloth, which were troublesotne to write, and not all thal could be dusired in ather rospects, +“Whon at tho nnesory Arthur reant, Jr., near P'rincaton, 111, Jist fpll, we suw n eystem of Inbels iu 1.e thero thal we considored jnvain- ablo. For the gronud. stnkes aboul 18 inchoa long wera preparcd, we think with somo comnpo- tition of grs-tar, otc., #0 far na they entered the ground. Tho top was theu soaked in_oll, and atencilod with common lawpblack. Tho treo- lahels wero slins of wood, large cuough to take a feir-sized lotlor ; thoy were soakod it o1, and then stonciled like the staken. Thoy wors at- tached to trees by Im)nfi laaped to & Nmb with atrong twine, sonkod, likathe lahels, in oil, Thus loopod on, of courso there could bo no danger of glrdling & imb, or of damago tbcrelogby strangulstion, Tho question of IMPLRICHADLY, WOODFN LABFLS, nnd how to make thein so, bes long oconpied aciontific investigators, An oxcellont, cheap, nnd sjmple plau s given in the London Qurden for rendering wooden Iabels imporiehable, by a partisl petrifaction, artificially. After tho labols aro made, thoy aro sonked ina stroug molution of sulphate of irom, Lhen thor- oughly dried, and aftorwards sonked in strong lime-water,—the cloar solution, not nilk of lime. In this thoy must remain until tho lmo.wator has (horonghbly pormoatud the poros of tho wood. Thus insoluble sulphate of limo will ho formed throughout tho poros of the wood, pro- vonting tho abaorption of water, and consoquent docuy. Twine for fying plants may be treated in a eumllar mauuor, - APBING:FEEDING OF BEES, Bwarms that aro wesk must bo fed. . Honey is best : hut & tolerably-thick sirup, mads of good sugar, fs good enaugh. The ingonuity of the boa-keaper will cally auggest a lask bored with holos to support Lo bees, nnd through which they may eat. 1 the baes have plonty of ators, of courao thoy need not be fed honey ; but thoy shonld alwa: ba mupplied with plonty of rys-meal, aud the feeding of this should be continued until bees can gat plonty of polien outside ; for, altor blos- som ¢ime, thoy will vot requirs, nor indesd will thoy est, thin artificial food. Oat-moal, and r{:-munl. mixed, ara prob- ably proferablo rye-meal, alone. If sunplied, the boo-keepor. will find tho bivea will contmn bread and young = beos far eoonor and in gronter numbers than if foeding is withhold. 11 oithor honoy_or meal is fud outside, menns must bo taken o provent wastetrom tho weather or otlior causce. It must be fod in some l\'nfl whon light may be admitted, sod yot in pucl mwannor that the bees will have no ditiauity in finding tho entranca and oxit. It ia always preferabis, however, to feed either honey - or roal n the hive if possitlo ; and this i easy encugh whero modern bives are used, . ——— Semnter firrice’s Tousorinl rriviogos. Waahinaton Special tu Philadelphia Timae, The Civil-Rtizh bill has eome home to the United ftates Honate in & moat uuexpected mane nor. Attaclied to the chambor for the ure of the mumbers s & frst-class barber-shop, the artivts it which are paid by the (iavernment, and* pro- vided at it sxponeo with an oxquisite stack ot toilet articles, ‘Cho uew colorad Henator from Mivsizgippl, Bruce, whio bs a full-blooded negro, urailed himeelf of this tondorlal perquisite the nscond day after be was sworn in, and hag been sluce then au occupant of one of tho chairs for atleast an hour every day. Aw so0n mm he ar- rives in the moring, ho "has hia hair nicely curled by his colorsd friends, and bofore Lo Jeaves in the aftornoon ho gets fized up again for dinuer, Bomu of the muroe fastidious Senoe o8, who visited the place s fow mornivge agu, wete astoundod at the unnsual sight of s negro in tho Souatorinl barber-shop, the cowbs snd brushes with which they were sccustomed Lo ba adorned deftly flying through his kinky hair and over hiu awariliy fuco, The result in, they Lave ever since givan tho Heuate barbor-shop s whis berth, and held rovoral indigustion-muctings on the subjuct, e Popular and ofticlal bostility seom to have combincd ta obstruct 80 much material progress a8 was ropresentod in Chinn by tho telegraph. Foreizn romdents built a line from oochow to Pagoila suchorugs, Lhe Lot of the formar city,~— dintunco about 1) miles. Fucouraged by their sticcpis, hoy sttempted tu construck suother L “to Aoy, ——sbout 200 wiles down tho eonnt. ‘Fhe people of Ubina buliove that evil influences aro broughit un the laud by thess mysterious sgents, and they have destroyed the work done butweon Foocbow and Awoy, The Government never sanctioaed the building of tha line, and was undortaken at therisk of foreigmers. ‘P'nis duastrous end of what sestuod to be & promisiny schome for tho {ulroduction of the telegrapl Into the Chiuess Emrlre. showa protty cloarly what $ho pocole and their rulers bink of wue of our wyeutions. STORIES 1Y TOLITICAL, ECORORIY, | DT MAUDIOE BLOCK. Transtatsd from tha Afth French edition, for The Chés caga Teitune, by Alfeed B, Masen, PRLFACE. ‘With vory rare oxceplions, all men Iahor, somo with thelr heads, othors with thoir hands. All naeful Jabor deserves and receives pay. The products of labor are oxclianged and thns brought, littls by little, nearer tho consumer. "Tho deatiuation of theso products Is to be con- sumed, Man labors, thon, Lo livo. Wa can almost say he livos Lo labor, Labor and its products aro studied by cconontisls, Thoy have mads corlain observations on this matter which noed to ba known, Theso obrervations hiave beon summarized i the pagen which follow, Tho nutlior has tried to mako them clear and intalligible. Hohas strivon to put them withio reach of young people, aud aven of children. Lot youpg people learn how work munt bo done. They will have to labar to gain their live- litiwod 4 it 38 necessary for them, Lhen, to know lio lawn of labor, which aro the laws of produc- tion, 1t Is noedful, alan, for them to know the way in which products pses from producer to consutner. X After having rosd thia little book and thonght over it, they will know the fundwmental facty in rolation to theso matters. 'I'noy will only need to doepen thoir knonledge in proportivn as they zdvnnco in age. And they will have corroct irdeas,—-idens such 83 esperienco has demonstrated, Thess idoan will eanable them to Judge of tho orrors scattered abrond by theignaraut. Thoey will render a bot- ter acovunt of their acts, will appreciato thair conssquence betior, and will koow how (o use their politico-economical xnowledga. Thoy will find it of worth, for they will become lahorions and economical. Labor and economy will help themn to practice maoy otler vittues, v THE STORIES. L. DTILITY AND VALUE—WUAT JOfN SAW LY PANLS, Whon Jokin came back to the village, Lo could not forzet that ho hnd seen wator sold 1n Parin, Itis comrndes would not beliavo it. **It is im- possible,” they suid; ** water coats nothing." TLoais, the Lest uchol with an important air: among them, ndded, Potatoos, wheat, boof, lows, shuns,—these are the things poople buv ; but water, no! Wo dip it out of the river ordraw it up from the wolln.” And sl John's comrades mado fan of bim, But John stood his greand, *Tho water,” said fio, ** was in a great barrol on top of a cart which way drewn by n horso; the water-nollar Iled twvo buckats with it, and sold 50 much for 4 centa,” ‘The question was takon to tho teachor. *4Jobn 18 right,” said bo. This toade Joln's comrades opon their oyoa very wide. “'Seo bore, my clitldron,” askod the taacher, “ean you geot ulong without water?" é No, no," thoy cried front every side, **It ia then uAoful—evon indispessable, Tut why do you not buy it?" ** Becauso wo gat it for nothing," said Philip, who was alwaya quick to augwer a gnoation. “That's right," continued the toscber, ** But it you could not gel it for nothing, you would pay forit. Woll, now seo, & great river lows through D'aris. Everybody can druw water from it, and nevertuolesa people pay the water-car- ricws, Now, {8 it really the water thoy pay for 2" *+ Tt Is the portor,” cried Philip again., * It {8, indeed, the porter, or rather it Is hiy 1abor for which vou pay. Yon give im 4 cents for the troublo he hastaken and the time bio buw spont in sooklug the water.. Hold,—moroovur, wo do not need to go to Parls to soe wator prid for, Yeople pay for it even here, In our villaye, althongh wo havo a littla river here.” The toncher spoke in too serious a tono to lot' thio childrou think bo was jesting, Thoy looked &t him in silonce. Aftor an iuatant, he asked: ¢ Where do you draw wator?* Many at oneos * At tho woll.” * Did the well mako iteelf ¢ “ 'I‘e. has boon dug,” ssid Johu, ** our well cost 220, “Well, if the well cost 820, and it lnsts twonty years, how much doos water coat 2" Aany : *“T'wenty In twonty, once ; #1a yoar!" * And wo do ot count in this eitlior the ropes or tha bucketa." “'The things for which wo pay,” eaid the toaclier, finally, * thal is, the things which we buy, have value, Thia is why a person asks Liaw miuch & thing is wortl, or what its value ln. But the things we get for nothing, lke air, rain, sun- beams, aro useful, withont having value.” 11, BEAL AND 1MAGINARY UTILITY—THE UAME OF TEN-FINA, “ Air, rain, and suobeams aro useful, without Daving waluo,” ' eald Louis, thinking of the teachot's words. * No valae? My ten-plis, which are not usefal, nozortholess . Liave valus, becauze I bought them. Are there, thon, things which are valuuble without belng usoful ? ‘I'nat ovening, whon Pater aud John asked bim wgluy ton-plus, the qusstion oceurred to Lim, and ho put it 10 his comrades. They only knew snnugh not to roply. Luokily, the teachor came bydu»: thon, *' 8ir,” said Louls, after having saluted him, ** bave ton- pios sy value? " * Not for me, because Ido not play the game.” he answered, “ But our neighbor Ciroatman does not play it oither,” sald Peter, **uud yet ho buys ten-pins.” **T'o nell thom agaia,'’ said Louis. 24 Mr. Greatman,” Toplisd the teachen *buys the teneping at Paris and sella thom again to children for s littlo more, in order to pay for his trouble; with the protits Lo buys something which is, to him, uanful.” *But we," orind tho children, *we bny the mnTlun to s;lay with them.” “In the hours of rocreation,” replied the toachor, It "piven you “play i permitted, pleasuro and -you are dinpoeed to spend somo- thing eimply for onjoyment. ''his in why a thing that cuuses plonsure can also have vplue, Lnjoyment has utility, too,—utinty of a low sort, no doubt. It must bo taken with modera- tion, and only for recroation after work, ‘There are evon thiufic which have value, although you and 1 would find thom noither useful nor agres ablo; but Lion there are other persous who wish them for ons or another reasou, and 3a long as theso persons are disposed 1o buy them, thoy oo value," ¢ Lowis—“Thuas everythiog which is sold or bought bas value !’ Tho Yoscher—** Tiot us rather asy, eyery thing or avory nervice which any ono is disposed to get by Pt\ylnu for it bas yaluo. ‘Tell me tho thiugs wli il pouple wish to buy." "utor—"* Broad, clotltes, & ol book, a horse, and many other things, . ‘Tho Veachur—'* Now tell mo tho services for which peoplo are disposed to pay.” Paul—*"Plowing, harrowing, harvesting, and sowine,” Lutis~~*‘ Poonle pay all sorts of workmen for a1l morts of work," Thie Teacher—* You think only of manual la. bor ; bul thore are atill othor sorvices fur which pevple pay,” - Louis—* Foon are paid to a doctor.” ‘T'bo ‘'sachar~'* And knowledge,—bas it uot vuluo 3" l.imhw—“ Ob, 1am vory gind I know how to rend,” . Poter-~** And I, because I can eiphor. Mam- mb hus e to do all the sunms," 'I'he Toacher—** Once more then, things and sorvices of an imagioary utility (Lhings of pure enjoymont) have value, a3 loug au thers aro per- nlulun &‘;i'i{mlw to glve monoy in exchauge for them. s . I, PUOPERTT—THE LOST TEN-PIN, A fow days after the conversation, s lively discussion synu‘l up tu the echoal-yard, during recosn, botweon Louls and Joromno, loole had found a ton-piv, sud sa Joroma bad lost one, lia olaimud that this belongod to Lim. Dut Logis duclared that Lo lost tnu-ghu himsell il tho while, and thut ho had probably found one of his own. Philip then thought of askivg Jorome whoth- er tho piu ha had l:fit wan big uf littlo, It was big," replied Jeromo. Theu they showod that the plo which bad boeu found was httlo, 0 Lonis could Xeep it, “Tho teschor, #hio had heard ail thin withoat belug seen, then approachoed, in order to draw uu_t:j this little ovent tho inetruction it oone tained. . * L 8oe,” said hio, **that vou underitand the right of properly, without having boen tangut it If onoof you hus mude himself & kits, or it iy father hae given hio » pug-top or a tene Eln‘ Lo copsidera thia kite, thia tup, this pla, as elonging to him, as his property, with which he cs0 du whatever bie wishes, He 18 the exclusive waster of it. If ueed be, he would defond his right to It vigoronaly, aa he would defend his oars if ll\{ oue triod to cut thom off. " \AV‘:)‘, I' 13 well that this should bo no, “\Why $ ‘* Bocause the certainty of enjoying tho uee of what yoo own glves you greal energy and graat porseverance, You wish 0 increase your wealth. Proporty thins Increanes production two-fold, ten- fold, & hundred-fold, whore, in oldan timas, & hundred savages conld scarcely find necissary {. food, thero ara now nctually ten thousand fami~ lioa, living in abundance, esch posscesod ¢{ some woslth, each augagod In induatry, 1t property did notoxist, no one wuald plant & trao from which noine one alas could plnek tho frult; no one wonld build & house which anothor wonld claim the right to oceupy : no uno would rear a horao it his neighbor could poassss him. nolf of 1t; no ons would ow flax for the sake of making cloth which he could not ase, *Can you, my childron, imagive & country whorq each person could talke with impunity what other pornons ownod 2 Whare Johu vould tako away Pater's top aud Ihilip could noize James' hoop? Would yon like te live jn euch s country " *No, nonol" eriod tha children. ‘* Now lot ua sco hiow onouan acquirs prop- erty,—that is, a thing, a baak, an ox, & house, & ‘;ne‘fn of Iand, which ulready bolong to some- odr,™ “Yon can bity it,” aald Phillp. That s, you can glve sulnsthing in cxehange {gr ll.;"faid the teachor, **\Yhat othur waysero ors “You may got it as a gift," answored John. te there not atill othar wayn 2" ‘o1t can inhorit it,” snld Petor, Git mhy oven find i€, bk then you have not tha right to appropriate it uoless it bolongs to uobody. ' 'Truo, there sre atill countring without auy inhaitaots, In them you can Inclose and enitivate a pieco of lnnd or build & houss and Yive in it,“Bud this Lead and this honse shua rightly bocomes your property, bocauss you ‘have apont your lubor upon them. ** Jorcover, the wiier which ¢ bencath the earth bhslongs to nohody; ‘but if I have a woll dug, the water which anters the well bolungs to me, Iecan giva it avmy or Aellit. 1 havo appro- printed thls wator Iy7 my labor, or, what 15 the anuio thing, by payiag for laber with the monoy swhich L have earne.l in another way, and which belong to me. ) can disposa of it an woms blc_m to o, 85 lony au | respect the laws of nor- ality.” — IML.—WIAT I8 LNDOR ?—THY. BEGGAR AND THE WOOD-PILE. The other dny a strong, merry beggar ssked almy of Mr, [Yant. u rch Innd-owaer in the neighborhood. ‘* Why, are you not ushamed to bog " waid tho latter. 1o it because I have no work," ho auswered, *‘[ am golnq to give you mome," xeplicd Mr. Dlant, = **Carry tho wood i this pilo from the foft Lo the right hand sido of the ucurt, and you shall havo 40 contn,” At tho oud of somo boara this was done. Mr. Plaut, when paying bim tho aioney for it, sdded : * If you Lizve no work to-morrow, como back to me."" Tho man camo back, and Mr, Plant told him to cnery back the wood from tho right to the loft gide u/'tho court, Whon this was done, he paid lim. Far romo days longer the wood was carriod trom laft to gt and from right to left. Thon thyn man did nol come bocir, although he had bedu paid tho wages sgroed apon. Mr. }Xant had eatd: ‘*1t is not honorable to yoceivemouoy which you have not eareed; snd ‘bupgary should not _be encduraged.” Tho man who crarried tho wood from one side of tho court to thn other had finally found 1t uobesrablo to fatigyo himeelf without producing any usoful rounil. Tlhto mattor waas talked over in the villagea geod deal. Everybody agresd that labor was lomnthh:f olsethan & moro movomont of the arens and logs. A person can fatigue himsell wy) make great efforts in playiug, rinco thero aira playa which requiro doxterity, Labor must tiways bave a usoful end,~-it wishon to pro- Juce. Bomo persons produce by laboring on Jand; thoy obtain agriculturzl products, Othore lubor on iron, wood, cloths, and a thousand other things, sud got {ndustrinl products, Othors la- bor to tranapert commoditles, to pack thain and to rotail $heni s and thoy aro paid in proportion to thotr ‘services, 4lowshould we have tho cof- fea of Brazil, the pepper of India, the warm furs of Russia, 1f thers wero no comuerce ? The childron hourd such talka 24 these, Then thoy sskod ench other: *What do wo prodace when we labor?" . ' What do you produce?™ sald the teacher, who lhed hoard the quesiion, * You produce kunowledge nnd ragacity, which make you wise and good,‘wmch"lu yonu galn s livelihood more aasily, which tond to induce you to lead honeat lives, and to be usoful to yourselvos and your neighbors. An for me, I labor (o teach you, just as tho doctor labors to cure you. foms people labor lhnpl{ in producing means of onjoyment for which othera will pay ; because, if & man la- Dors, it I8 woll that he shonld slao have his hours of recroation.” IV, LAXOR 15 A NECLSSITY=—** TIIR GOLDEN Aa."” ¢ To it really true,” Paul asked one day, * that grain usod to grow of iteolf, uud tonl thero was ;ho‘r} ?nn noed of sowing it or of cultivatiug the earth? “'that hnpponed, doubtlees,” replled the teacher, smilivg, ** ot thoe time whon grain used to haryest iteolf, when it carried itsclf to the mill ta bo ground, and when flour bocame bread \vltho'ulnt auy ono's moking dough or heating the ovon. “Thon what is called ‘Tho Golden Age’ ia ouly a fable,” said Paul. “ Cortainly.” Byl trees grow of themselvos,” said a child. *¢ 8o thoy do.” answered the toacher, ** but what ore their fruits good for? Thoy ‘are tiny and tastaloss, If thoy aro to become good, the troes must be grafted, trimmed, cared for,—and all this is Jabor.” 3 % “'Lm thoy graft grain, too 7"’ asked Paul's little rother. **No," the toachor ropled, *but the lund is plowed, is covered with munure, and is sowed with selocted soods. People labor an a fleld in difforent waya, too, In ordor that ths earaof grain may bo hlg and tho kernels large,—so that, linally, thoro may bo somothing with which to make broad for evorybody. If Inbor was not ex- pondud upon land, some wrerehed littlo cars of grain mwight porhuru row, hut nover insufilclent “tiuantiting to supply 51 people with food,” * Then," sald I'oter, * clothes, houn: ook, and many othor things, would not exist at sll if somebody did not malko thom.™ *That's s0," cried all the children at once, “You soe," tho toacher remnarked, ¥ that tabor in anceosnlsfv. Without Iabor, thore would not bo cnough food or enouch clothing, or a thou- sand other moro or lesy usefol shings,” ¥. LAUOR I8 HONORABLE—WIAT PAUL AXD FETYR « THOUUKT." Paul relloctod a woment over what he had junt fia"di' Then Lo crioa out: It i3 very hard to abor 1" The Teacher—*It Is truly often tiresome to Iabor, but only thoe idlo lind labor hard.” “ And idlenosa s o vice,” eaid Toter, * Exactly wo," roplied the teacher, 1le contin- ued : * Labor aeems Liard only when you distiko todoil; but many people work choorily,—we might asy with pleasure. Whut wonld happen it nobody worked on land any longar ¢ Charles—* People woald die of hunger," The Tuachor—** And if nobody made any more houses or clothes 2” Touin~—" Peoplo wonld cateh cold.” The Teachor—* And if nobody cured the nick, many porsonn would remain woak; if nobody taught children thoy would remain ignorant and wicked. In a word, all thoss who work, whether with hands or head, aro useful, rendor services, and should ba honored,” - l':l:r—" If 1dleuvss is o vice, Inbor 1 a virtus, o'tk 2 “I'he Toacher—* Cortainly. It i often tira- aome, sometimes poiuful, to labor, but it s necessary that tho work sball bo done. There ara porsons who canuot labor. Those who labor for thom are their benefactors, Itis Lhus that parunts sro the bensfactors of thoir children.” Touls—* But suppose labor is paid for? " The Teacher—* Lubar which is P'M foris not a favor, bus an utility, Wo wocept favors whoa wa cunuot do otherwise, and then with grati- tudo; but we hold ournelves bound, aud this ia a point of honor with us, to render service for #ervics, one useful thing for another, You can almost say that wo labor iu order to pay for the labor of. othurs, bocause nany persons muss Isbor in order that oor noeds way bo watiatiod.” (20 ba continued, } ©Chtcngo 1o the Sen, Pouladelphia Press, v Last weok wo oalled attention to tha fact that the ecoptre of political power was suroly passing wostward. Wo showed that the ocontrol of tho United Btates Houate has alroudy gone far be- yond the Alleghoutes, and at the present 1ate of wettloment will, in the lifetime of thoss now liviug, cross tho Mmaissippi, Ta-day we preseat s -ploca of significant rallway “nows demoustrating that the commer- cial domination of the country Wit accowpeny the political supremscy on its wealward tmarch, it it does not proceda {t, ‘The Ilhwoiy Centrul Rallway, for this spring and sumgmer, advortises through tickets to fla- vana aw.: seturn for €100, and alao from L‘Muru to the City of Mexica and retura for 6170. lu both cased tho youts 1s via Now Orleans, This is the first 6tbp toward maklug New Orleana the soaport of thoe Mississippi Valley and the greut North and Weat, and Chicago thoir groat com- morcial ceutre or metropolis. It is the first stroke towards outting off the Atlantic slope snd re= ducing it to amere provincial suctionof ourgreat continental empira. . I'he rovolution which this bold movewont por- tends uny tyro in the grand stratcgy of trade aud travel can mrfllulxond at s glauce, Already the comstwisa trade of Pbiladelphia ard New ork is gono, or at loast we earry no longer for the whole conntry, bt nnly for that ot this mida or i Al Mo, - o ety he whols Misaissippi Yolloy,—tha atrelch of tarcitory rainol by th SOl and Bilssouri, with thnir great brane Il :\rfi-do‘:\‘:‘nlrlnflvl«& ity fl;lfllil'ly:l Rralu ang ccm.;: W way to D BOX Al world by ug"inlur-iau{non. ™ 1l the gug ‘- Thin ambitionn stroke of the I8l demonatrates {10 fact that the Wes!. ?:'.'::lx‘: b the woudorful pomaililition of its eoninereis) g, turo, and when wo know the rosintioss engr.s and daring achisvement with which it sactsY pusbes forward overy work and ontorprisy ot may feel sure that thiat futuro in noar, b Porhapa in tho new light of this idna, to0, || main body of the contiriont finding an ey . world by a port directly o the Routh, som .3 tho ekentical raflrosd kings may hegin (o uey ! atand thia fnll moauing and ides of thy Sutt and Houth railway systom, and seoita rslnlfon (h tho ultimate davelopmont of the whots ennnlr,‘ ———— L4 oLl I"lCAl; EXCERPTS, QRANT, CONKLING, AND DLATXE, Pittaburg Gazette, Mareh 31, The aitempt is boing made, in asveral “inda pondant” papem, to creato the impresslon tha Drosidont Grant will pnt forward Senetor Conk, ling sa hin sucoessor in tho Presidency, I”; amusing to notice what abuard idoas are thyy a4 vaneod, from timo to time, Trenidont Grang a ruilo, keepn postod a3t the drift of senvimyy within tho " pacty, and is far from likely top enptured by tho royal Conlding. Wo donhy 1] tho Tresident taks any pact in the moye. mont .10 nominnte tho next Iresilany, Al ; A any o, tho peoplo will® cont little mattor. E‘h-p time [';:lnsu'e.“ whon 2 fen polftician can foist"an 13 Eurty any persan they may Linppon to rhooy incoln Aud Cirant wern tho peonla's exndidate and, I prosent indleationn are borno out, Biyy will bo he cboico of ihe people in 1876, Iy it not morely popular, but avpiiable,—far more sy than Conkliog. Ila i possessod of a Particulsly good record, and is s shrowd and virorons my, ager, Miu caroor in Congrous is of the bea, 121 the E{yenkcmmp was adniinistored by him wiyy rara ildelily sud succons. is conrao during 1y paat roesion of Congress was alngulatly Praiam worthy and judicious. Altogother Lo la g ™y availablo candidaia for Presidont. A VIMHNIA COLORED COXVENTION. Tha colored membors of the Virginia Lagls. luture havo {ssucd the following addross, calling for a convention of colored men in Richugny vext Auguat, Thoe nddreas goes into no detally, but the tnforence drawn thorefrom is, thay ity purposo is to ontablish & party organization ty bo comprised wholly of negronss T the Cotored Peopls of Virpinis: ‘Tho undersigned, Stato mpune‘nlnuva;b.‘ leave Lo represcnt to yon tho urgent expodion:y of liolding a convantion far tho purpossof s sidoring and adjustiog all political, #nd othor questions touohing your intoreats [ prosperity os frecmon snd mombers of a g Commonwealth. The following startling fiu should bo sufliclent fo inspire you with hope, and at tho aame time prove thal yourown hans, your own enorgles, and your own genius, mut eventually lift you from ‘tho difficultics and em. barrassmonts ‘with which you are surroundel, Yon_conutituto five hundrod thousand {bextly ono-lall) of the population of your Buia You buve no préss! and whatovor meatiments you may hold, or whataver. omotious may bura in yonr bosows, aro almost totally gg. knows to your own fellow-citizane, 1o aay tathe ing of the outside world. Many problsms prae Bont thomsclyes; and it is clear as sunshine thy you, yourselves, and not othors, aro competast to offer a beneficial and untural solution, Yog will at onco ses the wisdom in reflecting your own viows aud your own spolicy, to tha ond int Luman rights may be sccurad and preserved, asl the filorv and prosperity of Virmnia enhsnea) by the labor and sacrificen of it citizens, Itis thereforo, suggeatod that esch city and county elect trico ths number of delegates now pro- Yided for in the Constitution for tlio Houss of Dolegates, and that esid delegates convengin tho City of Richmond, Thuisday, the 1%thdsy of Anguat, 1875, at the lLour of 12 o'clockm., for tho purpose of considering questions abosa indicatod, and all othor mattera which they msy deem right and proper. And upon our purposss and dosires, we Invoka the favorabla considsre tion of all good citizons, A NEW DURDEN. New York Tines. Tt is reported on appaveutly good anthorit, sud the assortion 1s intrinsically probable, il the Hon. Gilbert 0. Walker, of Virgiois, willae troduco at the moxt session of Congross s hill for the assumption by the National Governmeo) of sl the 8tato debts, Mr, Walker, who s pow 8 **Conservative * member of tho Houss of Roprosentatives from the Third District of Tire ulnia, was formorly Governor of that Stste, ils is an active, shrowd, popular, aud ambitiona po's itician, sud the ides of the assumption of the Btate dobts by the National Govornment {5 ocs which Lo has'loag ontortained, and has sdrocate od with iogonious arguments. Mozt of thess il be found in his spocial movsage o the Vife fania Legtalatire, dated Fob, 17, 1873, ‘When Mr. Walker comes to Iay beforo & Demoe cratio Houes of Reprexontatives his propasitioa to assume the Htate dobts, he will, porliaps, vea- ture to onter on a discussion of this importh proliminaty quention bofore ho recites his argue ments on tho sdvisability of the zction enggest ed, It makos littlo difforenco how desirabla ita effects of his plan may be, if Congress has o power to carry it out, " But it ix poeaiblo that ks will roly for the acceptance of his suggeetion on other grounds than eithor its constl tutionality or dosirability, Llo mar constder that tho paymont of the BHiale deb would not Lo a bad sluctionoeriog projet for the Democracy. Tir Cniocauo TRIbCHE, ¥8 notico, considers that the Detmocrata may sdoph the proposition on thw sssumption. It points out "that the Btatos may be divided into tho which are ‘either Democratic or sure tobsin favor of this plan, and which have 130 electorst voton; Btates which are Republican, sud will be opfi)ned to the plan, which have 153 elecionl votoy; sud Btates which may bo won over tathe plan, and which bayo 83 oloctoral votes, Itcone alders thas the notion of the Democrats is fo galn the votea of thero latter, uod to inake ik sesuniption of Htats dobts au isena in fbs Prese dontial compaign. This would be quite in harmony wilh thd apirit of the party in recent Limes, Oncsibe protector of the Troasury, it hias grown to ba il most insidions and invatorute aseailant, Tbe history of the efforts of the Demoeratic pary to break down the aredit of our bonda i8 100 ¥¢ known 1o allow na to suppose that it would 1e futo, from any scruples, to father 3r. Walkesds progosition. Bt wo shall not cousent $o baliots that it wonld rush upon a fully s unprecedented as this, It certainly woull be reckoning withe out ita host if it aupposed that snch & proj 4 could bo permavently popular. ‘Ihe t dzuqo rocent changes in lEmblla opinion is all sgansh the Yr nciple on which it ia based. Wo proferia think, unleds we are forced to do otheraiss. lfdfl Mr, Walker's pet schero will find fo friesds outuido tho Bouth, and that it will ba allowsd dio the early death which it desurves, TR COLONLINA IN THE SOUTI Memphia Avalanche, Tan Cmoaao Twsune hus printed serenst strong editorials deprecating the existencsof 3 color-line in Bouthern politics. It urges glu cob ared peaple ta divide polukall)"u"-l"‘ms_ divide, Tux Tarsune deserves tbanks 1:12 4 vico which, it followed by tho blacks, woaid i sult u much good to both races. But uu; @l,‘ temporary weaves into iis argument sod fl:" ou the Basertion that s atrong secessiot I e sélm in n‘x: Bouth, and arguen that this eleme:! roatens harm to the couniry. Nothing could be more wufoundod, a2 T62 ‘Tainoxk would know if ity editor wero to ept 2 thrae months in the South, acquirivg m"lmad- tiou ou th btl“‘v Tuo (aw old seresiion le: - ors are Generals without armios. Thoy uo ga . posaesa sufiiciont strenglh (o ssue cumllz Ay oven to phantom buttalions, Their ho ;l:\_. thie Houthern maxses {s weuker thun that of B old Copperhiead leaders on: thu North: it were largely in the minority in 1860, and 2074 the South roads m ther axploita she history B4 fallore, Praotically, no such leadorshin =3 such an elemont, {4 known fn southura p‘:iru- Carpet-baggors have for years porelot¢atir 1o serted that & {um antl-Union or secednion I‘o oxlsta in tho South. 1t was thew intercst ¥ 80, the easior to secure indorsement Ly 87] i to popular projudico fn the Notth. Tulm o e NE, a3 & resulteaf long belief of untrud Larert eortlona made by theso polbitical advest it whom it now repudiates aa utterly bsukrupl character, etill ¢linga to this chumplon false o] forgelting its origin_and purpose. ”-"] e whose ovil deods in tho Honth have uoSTY U stroyed the Republican party, whick for “".,nm years haguphold, aud (s sharetore rusp?! e Tor, them, performou thuir work well, i,:,u e wous uot in symrathy with thom could Li oY) heasing. 'I'hey retatued control of the blad s convinciog thom that a division of ihe'fl‘r‘hm would 10-cnalave thom, and deluded the No "rq o publicans into the belief that the Iflll&m “ s whita pooplo of the Houth were lmm - ‘hhil ‘Uufi\on. and wote sacretly propurniug - ellion, i But for the offeotn.of thees perelstent m"fl rescutationa upoa ths North, the fluu.h-r:de 5 Jom would have been satlufacionly clv ago