Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, April 3, 1875, Page 3

[ — ¢ LITERATURE. A MANUAL OF HEALTH, Hritrn: A_Mawpnoox rvom 1l £curota, Ty Enwann B, Mo B, (ndveraity of Tandon), sle., otd, New Yorks . Appleton & Lo, Dr. Bmith, an expert in the scionaes of healing and hygiono, has brouglit bis learnlug and ekill 10 tho comporition of & manual on Hoalth that ehall bo suited to thoe uro of studonisin tho Ligher classea of the achiool-roout, aud of adults among tho masscs of tho peoplo. The plan of the worlk {s simple, including instruction in mat- tora regarding food, clothivg, oxorclao, slosp, cleanliness, nir, ventilatidn, the mind, and the special eonsos, that aro ontlrely within the com- prebeneion of the ordinary futelligence, and that, with propor precantions, noarly every per- gon can regulato according to Lis liking, The treatmont of tho varivus topica is, toy, in m.l caers, 80 lain nnil divoct Lhat o child of from l.|' to 15 will not bo likoly o find torus or any statements heyond his understanding. Mora than 5 third of the manual fe davoted to {lin pubject of foods,—n division of epaca that li- dlcates how impottant {s their influenco upon tho biealth. In a conelsa manner the prinelpal articles of diet are snafyzed, thelr conatituouts given, nnd their use and value in noutishing tha body. As tho information hora presented fs gon~ erally unfamiliar, zod yub 18 of estremo uterest, wo alinil reproduce somo of e most. noteworthy comments and concltisions of the author. In s asticlo on bread, it in etated that brown, sye, or bartoy bread does nod fzrco ko woll with children ns whito wheaten bread. Ia tho sama connectiny, an odd hit of antiqua hteraturo It in- troduced in the way of a recipo for makiuy; fruu- onty, or frumily, o dieh In uso n thonesnd yenrs ago, and much estoced by onr eatly Knglish ancoators, 'Tho date of the recipo ia 3330, and (bo languago ia that of the time, ur what 18 styl- od s% O1d English: Nym [take] clons wotn and bray {brutec] 1t in & mor- tar wel, that the holys [hulls or ahoila] gon al of and yaetho tronk oF miurmer} ¥t 118 Lreeta {hurat] and nym up aud It kela [ccoll, sud nyia = irn freels broth 30 eweto mylk of nlmanya {aimotia) or sweto wyik of kyna {cows], and temprr it iy, sl set y¢ o 'on sud mowo 3t fortho wyth ful Yenyeon snd fresl moton (muiton], . As tnploca anil sago contain acarcoly anything but starch and water, thoy aro Jess nourinhing than rice, and much lews 8o thau wheat, Arrow- yoot, & form of tapioen, is foolishly given to childron in the Lelief that it is very nutritiona, 1t is really much inferior to flour in uutntive propottics, and is, morcaver, & costly food. In ihe matter of tmtriment, potaloes”aro much denrer tlun bread, siid thoy who need Lo practice oconomy in thelr dlet should uge the former in amall quantities. Turnip-tops—viands not ofton ased in this country—are protounced tho best of groen vegetablos, and shonld bo caten freely, In discuseing snimal foods, it in_stated that “iho lean meat of every snimdl which fa nold by tho butcher I8 nearly chunlly nourishing, It diTers [n the quickness with which it is di- gosted,™ Tho several joints vary i flaver und tendernesn, but tho cheaper and coarser parts may be rendered as agreeabls by good cooking, nnd aro quito a8 valuablo as food. Halted meat 1 doar and wasteful compared with frosh, tha ralt draning ont the juices and impalring the valuo of the mout, Dlood is recommendnd sy good and agreeablo food, with one-half or ono- hiird tho nourishing valuo of moat, Tripo and cowlhool ara atro called eoxcellent and cqsily- digeated articles of diot, Amoricans, who ara tho most improvidout people In tho world, aud waste, by extravagant maothods ol cooking, ns much food as they consumoe, will with difieulty o taught to appreciato our author's counecl in favor of tho uso of many parts of tho animal that aro now throwh Into the refusc-heap or manufactured into gluo and gelatin, In epenk- fng of the liead, henrt, lungn, liver, aud other patts called the fry, Dr. Bmith remarks, * 1t ls veiy dosirable that the ¢ria yaluo of this Iargo claes of foods should be better undorstood by tho poor, in order that much food which is now o5t to mau may bo retatned,* Codfish, ttl)xu universally han tho reputation of being a cheap dish, is rarcly 8o cheap as tho Jow-priced joints of mont, In proportion to the nanrishment afforded. Halnon 1 seagon iy the most nourishing of )l fieh, and should bo unf- versallv caton. 1ta red blood and abundant oil ronder ila flesh much liko butchor's ment In sustainiug properties. A contintious dict of flsh is said to bo condueive to lepmfl{, and it is cor~ tain that, whoro it i3 used to tho oxclusion of meat, indigestionanl a low state of heaith are conion, Yggy, whon choap. should bo eaten froely, and are . equally nouriuhlng whother posched, fried, or boflad, ‘Fhiy should not, Low- wyor, bo cooked Lard, ma Ly this procers they aro rendered slow of digestion, Tho eggs of all birds sro of equal valuo as mourishment, in proportion to their sizo, Buttorwilk, which is with many n favoritu atticle of food, is loes nourlsbing than skim-milk, Frosh, puro milic isof estremo valuo asa food for both cuildron and adults, In Sweden and Switzerland, where tho men aro lahorious aud strong, they are in tho hablt of drinking sovoral [vlrxlu daily. “Its waluo is, howoever, the greatest in many states of digeaso and partienlarly in consumption, or tho ntala of wboknoss which tondsto that tersible divoase ; aud the aim shonld bo to take two or theo pluts daily, either alouo or made fnto pud- NALne AND ¥, It A, L 120, ppe 198, nge.. Dr. Smith does not disapprovo of tho moderate use of tea and coffos. A warm, pulatablo fluld i peedod with our moals; aud whey milk, which ia pictorablo, is not to Lo had, tesor coffoo “ quickens tho wuso of food and gives ue o ncnso of comfort.,” ‘Lhoy avt, more- over, as & light norv stimulant, snd, clearing and Lrightening our minds, belp us to &n adoquate Hurrormnucn of our work. Ton **{s more fltted for shosa who oat too muak than for the starving, and after & good meal thap in lace of & moal” An excossivo uso of, tho avarago [s vary apt to produce Indigestion, and “thero {8 probably no causa #o prolific of this dis- order among tho poor, It s unwholesomo for children, who nood stronger and loss stimulating food, The effoct of coffce upon tho wtomach and the brainia about tho eamo as thatof tea, Cocon and choculate are much better foods than slthor, and would Lo much wore useful to the 00T, & Of boor, wino, and spirite, it fa stated (ot theso coulain too littlo nutritlyo materisl to bo properlfi catled foods, and thoydo not give strength 1n any proportion to their cost, Thoy nhuu]& bo coneidored as luxuricy or poisons, and not 88 nocossarics. In an estunata of the yearly ‘wasto of monsy upon waltand spirituous liquors, tha Doctor remarks About 120,000,000 of money aro speat yearly in theao subelances, and fherefors wo may “well ark rhelher #0 largo a sum is wlsely spent, If wo allow Lt thera ars'1,000,000.000 of pespla u flie wholo world, and that a'd-pounit Joa? of liread cauld bo pur- cbased everywhors for id, tiat wum would feed the whole world with 55 1 of bread daily for ona monih ; or, if wo tako iho hopulations of Great Vritain an Ireland, Canada, Norih Amorica, France, Gierinany, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greoce, Russia, aud all the tates of Enropo togother, it would five them the same for abont four wmonths, It would aupply % 1 af bread daily o avery porsor fn Groat Deitala Norh America, snd Cauada, all the yoar pound, In point of clothing, Dr. Smith advises that waolon ba worn next the skin throughont the year, and that all garmonts for outdoor wear in avory season bo mads of woolen fabrivs, Thesa Iast are moro aconomical than eilk orcotton, and botter protoct tho body from the i offecls ot ficklo temperatures. FICTION. Victos La Tormrrre: A Nove: Clmrchinan, v, PP 400, Brothera, Tz Raivunow CRern: 12mo,, pp. 270, Lo Ouxrinax ¢ Huty, & Co, L, Dy »_Drosd Boston § llubuxl‘l A _Bronx ov zn 1 £ Wikt 1% G s o0, Ax OLD-Ting hrony, Ny J, L N ,A readablo novel Is & positivo Juxusy; at times, ovena noceusity, When the wind haa been warking seriously over tho abstnuse problowa of Theology, Belonco, Motaphysles, any of the boavy topica thut task tho tnought, Lhere comea » tmo, soonor or Jator, when its pawors give out, and it {urns from the gravo quostions that bave tried it, fu uttor weariuosa snd dieguat. "Tho seneation i tho same as that with which tho stomach rebels mgalust o continuous diet of bread and most and longa for & oustard or a :n)ng 88 & wholedomo, refreshing variation. 'With & like hearty feeling of vellef, tho faded mind addressos itasif Lo an Inviting work of fle~ tion, aud revels beforchand ju the light and sgreesblo entartainment thay {6 to act as & geu- Yo lovic, resluring tono and olauticily to tho ovzrwoikod faculties of the fntollgot. Ho thinke log, wo welcomo (o our table the fhroo novels beadiog theso paragraphs, and, leaniug back in vur easy arw-ciair, look forw day “of rostful work, * Vigtor La Fiasdrably bappens to come fist to the hand, and with ple anticipation we mquire, Who ishe? Al 1 Lo ju an uncomwonly alayer man, with & reusitivo conactunce, & stralghtforward way of 5‘,""““}’"",’-}‘- and bn;n‘ ndepondent tum wind. 1o was bent fr upon being & mlolsters vot, oia, Joulk calae o makc cholco of uts, be found sona with & aseo 80 pRen that bs cudd subscriba t - b I oA d and e argusy TIIE CITICAGO TRIBUNI: SATURDAY. APRIL 3, 1875.-~-TWELVE PAGES, i ints of theology, such as the Trinily, g:'l:;n}f\?\."%:m Doptaviry, Catholiciam, and a0 on, with Jtomanist, Mothodiat, Epscopahatn, and Frae-Thinkers and gota tho hotior of thom fi{a supatlor wit an a alalectician, or, . :}‘l:filg . ldcllnllnpi to tha author’s way ot think aton of the truth of lua position and fug, by thio olcarness of lita convictions, 11is bolinf ta simply in Christ a8 the Divina ex- amplo for mon ta follow, and in the duty of Dbaptism as o public profosston of faith in 1lim, aud of a detormination to imitato Tha lifo, This fundamentai cread, reduced to ona esmential doctiine, Ie roomy onough to inclnde all donominations of Christiana; and Vietor poarclies _thu chuiches througl Aeeking ono Ro lheral na to admit him without o profassion of nnvlhluz{ moro, He wuc. ceeds ot last In getilng into the Episcapal Chinrel,—as through tho aye of & needle,—and is ordained into fts ministry. Ifo Jabors with great offect in & littla conntry pariwh,—the po- eulintitios of hin noobelief rondoring him vb- noslous to tho higtar orders in the Church, and to the politic, timeeserviog rulors in city shes, Lventually ha 18 driven from tho Eunst by a goerct but posrerfulspint of porsooution, and oatablishes himself among the Lenui-Lonnnos, o tribo of mingularly-aphghtonad yet unelvillyod Indisu in Michigan, With thew "he sponds the closiog years of & net protractod life. ut tho atory of his™ experionce s of yery lit~ t1e nccount, except ay |¢ Bervos to illuetrato his cread, ** Victor Ln Totirotto™ is not s novel ; it s A tongh fittle work ou 'hcology, coated over with w fhin, poor varnlsh of fletion, ‘Pho contnversial part s woll written, The author kns o talent for po- lomicy, and reasons skilifully in fayor of his Intitndinarinniam, lud ho presented his systom of Theology by itaolf, fn 161 awn namo, no mat- ter ju what form, whuthor of essny, ecimnon, or conversation, (L would have created a muen wore {avorablo impression. As 70w offered, it Irrie tates tho light reador, who vury properly wishes to bavo Fiction and Thoologr served up in sop- srato coursea ¢ whilo the olliict ol its argnmont ou tho sorlous inquirer is viupaired by iis ad- mixture with a very inforior sort of romance. “Tho Ranbow Creed " in nora outepoken,— its title preparing us for wome tilt against the churches, It s & very harmlass tlli, lhowever, despito of tho writor's evidont._ezcitomeat and derperato thrusts at the windwills before him, "'lio styla of tho author fs—roadov, what isit? \}‘u subuiit two or throa senteucew Lo your critl- clam s Tho Rafnbow Creed! ihe Rainbiv Creed! O, reader, wonldn't you lika o clesr {on thereof 2 Ofcouree, Jiut wa are not going to the universe {uto n coclid liat for your particulur Lenefit, Ho Toava. tital wiiendid ybotonenot suiong the tysterics of tho akios, sud trust o your ingenuly o discover what wa mean, ‘The reader will no doubt bo hinmbty geatetul that our suthor decides not ' to knucit the uni- verue fnto a cockied bat," but ¢ fo icuve that splendid phenvmonon [univorse or ralnbow creed 2] mimong tho mystorles of tho skies.” Whethor jt is worth whilo to oxercias wno's In- penuity in the effort to dlacover-what Lo means to do, is doubtful. ilis attempi to conviet min-~ iuters and church-membors of hypocrisy 18 xo puarilo as to go for pothing. It iy snia tuat pov- cral of tho portraita of clerieal geutlemen which Lo produces are taken from life, ropremintin promiuent divines in Bostou, Of the likonass ol the casricatures wo are unablo to judge. Tho vhole work wo_should quiotly characterizs ag villgar,—au exblbition of bad taste, growing out ncoit and crude eullire. e ' old-time mtory,” ** Oakridge,” by J. Em- ereon Briith, is todiously long-winded. To read 1t from end toend would bo s sovers labor vor tlio most resolute, and labor at novel-reading is tho worst kind of drudgery. The boox shows ns 1o merits, though we hiave falthfully looked for thom, and wo iay it down, the last of the three, with a sonso of “bitter disappoiutment that not ono of the trind could answer the gonuine pir- poees of fioklon : to interest, to divert, to refrogh o tred or tho Jazy-minded, . NATURE AND THE BIBLE, Natune AND THy Biptr: A Counsr or Lrctvnes Derivenen IN New Yonrx 1x Dicxunes, 1874, ox it Mousk FOUXDATION 0¥ THE UNioN THEOLOG. 10AL SearNAnT, Dy 3. We DaWoN, L L Dy Fo It iy , O, 8, Priticial 203 Vieo Chavectlor of Meailh Uisersity, Author of * Aclals,” ete, ete, 1., Pr. 257, New York:® Robert Carter & Drothers, Dr. Dawgon reprosents that portion of tho achool of modern scieuce that adlicres with un- shaken fidotity to a belicf in the plenary inspira- tion of tho Scripturos ; in the litoral word of tho OId and New Yostaments; In tho dcscent of man- Lind frcm tho primitive pair in tho Gorden of Eden ; in tho divioity of Chriat ; in tlo authontio~ Ity of miractes, nnd in the eflicacy of prayer. Whe argument running through the six lectures in- closed in tho present yolume endeavors to show that tho Bibla {s In perfoct barmony with the latest revalationa of Scienco; that, wherover it refors to natural facts for illustrations of apirit- ual truths, ils sccuracy is remarkable,—unex- ampled in sny ather literature, Tho groat apparent contradiction between the Biblical narrstive of tho creation of the eattl, aud the bistory of its origin a8 determined by goology, is dissipated, ascording to Dr. Dawson, by tho cxplanation that the ereativo days of tho irat clinptors ot Genesis really moan wons, nnd should bave been eo rendered by the translator, ‘The reasoning by which this limimony between (Geneels and goology is established is not new to o futolligent rosdor, It hins been prosented so many timea that oll the varioun propositions and deductions nunde nse of are aiready well known, “Cho table presenting conclscly the parallelism of the blical conmogomy with {ho physioal and gealogical hirtory of the earth will be “examinod with intorest, howover, and wo theiBloro give it sntira: ¢ BIDLICAL XOXS. ‘ CORMICAL PLRIODS. Creation of Alatler and The Beginmng, Force, Condennsiion of “The earth without form, and vold, Tarknet ou | nobulous and other mattur thia face of the abys, te form the solar system. B The eurth & vaporous Tossa, Diftured Hight in the solar ayntem.” e earth has a plotosphere, Cous deiiration of luminous matter Within tho earthy otbit, Vesmy of torris- trial photowptiere, Water condensed on the eariliy crust, and coversd with & deuso wass of vapars, Ty Day One, Crestton of liht {0r), Inetitution of Day 'sud Hight, Day Secondl, Universal ocer. . expante placed 71n at of tha waters, § Th the e inatitution of {hoare rangements of tho atmod- vhore aa now exiating, g D THA | bty et thrown ‘na and _ # ars, | nto folde, Tho first - l'cullnu;({ tutroduced, Anents, 2 e Lre-Lanrentian vegein. thon, known ouly fufur- entially, . Day Fourth, teginnl he Cainasine wessneod 16 | map. o Toe fnrene r I'ro-Lozale aga of Comj etlation o the earily, geolog: ompletion of calatiig atato of tho solac wyateul, Dy Figih, Paliazle Time, or age Oreation of 1uverte. | of faveribraten’ Uratcs and fshics (Shorcte zlm of tho waters), Crestion of yrest T niniw, o reptilian sauady, and Blrds, Day Sixth, Introduction of mame malia ax daminant, Crention of wnan and of the Edenio nimals, Y i "Nfl::‘o(o Time, or ke of Neozola or Tertiary Tiwe — Culmination of mammalls, sallone of Te:ualry ana utroductlon - waan Turlody O 10 M Dty Seventh, “The rest of the Crestor, Miatorieal Jlumsn Period, Tiay Einhth, Hanavation of the esrth, Tho uew ileaven sud the Bow earth, Dr, Dawson agrees with Sclence aa ta the an- tlquity of man, sccepting the tcatimony of ge- ology to his oxistence al tho pe when tho mawmoth ranged thraugh tha foresta of the Old aud Now Worlds, “According to Pretet, uinely-elght mammals aro knowa by their re- maiua to have been coutemporary in Lurope with prim(tive man. Of these, fifty-soven aull surviye. In DBritaiy, Dawking cstimatos that Lifty.throo spocios of mamuiale wore cooval with thoe mammoth, Twenty-olght of theso now in- Liabig Hiritain, and fourfeou have bacoms wholly oxtingt. It wonld thus scom,” remarks L, Dawuon, ¢ that man entered Luropo st a time wheu itd mammalian fauna wea ricker than now, and when it was & densely-wooded reglon, iuto which le straggled from bis Ldenio centre of croation, with a fow of Lo snimsls counectod with hlm thers," With regud to tho Dible miracles, Dr. Dawson doclaren Lust they *domot iavolve tho suspon- slon of natursl Jaws, Lut only arraogotenty un- der tuese laws, or the oporation of unkuown lawa; which, howover, may ba as {nesplicabla to us ag i they wore coniraventious of law. Pyayer, in the Beriplural sonso of it is su ap- peal ta One whosa knowladgo and power over 11is own works mie capable of elfectivg results ta us not ovly impoasible, Lut inconceivablo. In maintaiving tho possibifity of miracle aud the L»onr of prayer, along with the unchaugeablo w of God, the Biblo s thus on highor scioutific fnw“nd "‘hl“.,“-ll‘ of auy pf those who call these a\lfil on. 1Wh rofoience 12 1ho wmirais af tha sun Mode; me i Time—Ags of Tn ihe Future, atanding still at tho command of Joshua, and the turning back of the shadow on the sun-dial of Ahaz, ho eays, * o may suggest conjectnral explanutionn; ns, for examplo, An abuorinal at- tnorpheric rofraction. But thero can bo no cer« taluty as Lo thean, and both are Joft as blank nyutories to us as & stenm-ongine or sn electrio tckfin‘t}m would have been to Joshua or Hez- okl RALIWAY LAW. A Diarer oF RATLWAY Drcisions, Cosupninxe Att JEFORTED ANRRMICAN (Anes [N WHIOH A TIMLTAY Cospany I8 A PARIY, AND_ ALL OIiita CAnes ¥ Witicir RATLWAT Ty I DETERMINGD, Ty Jons ¥, Lacey, of the Jowa Dar, Chicsgo: Callaghatn » Law Publirhen, 1n tho work beforous, Mr, Lacey has prosent- ed, in au orderly aud well-digested manuer, all tho American law relsting to railways. After u comparison of hls work with tho goncral digest of thie Btates, and with tost-books on tho Jaw of rallwaye, we can eay that wo have fallad to dis- caver au Instanco in which ho lias omitted to re- cord & decision. Our comparison, of course, has not covered tho wholo grouud goue aver by Mr, Lacey, but it hau boen sufiicient to crealo a well- founded belief that not:n decielon on rail- way law, mado by any Court of the Uuited States up to the timo of publica- tlon of hin book, hias hoen ovorlooked by him. The conclusionn of Iaw are etated clearly, acen- ratoly, and coneinely. The arrangomont Is all thiat can bo desired in a work of referenco, The book ia wuseful, not only as giving ndlfiont of ralway law, but also of all law s applied to 1allwaye, ginco it embracea all tho report. ed casen’ in which n railway company I8 a parly, As & time.saver, tho ook is snply invalunble Lo 1ailway stiorneys, sud lo ol luv?'um whoeo practica rendors o Lnowlodgo of rallway law nocessary. ‘Tho valua o the work 1s enhaticed by & complate index and tablo of overruled caves. Its mechanicat gettmg-np reflects credit on tho euterprising tirm vihich bas fsauod . ESSAYS, Houns v A Linrany, liy Lravie GTeenty, 12mo,, PIn 811, New Yorks Herlbuer, Ansstrong & Co, 3Mr, Stephen hua collected eight papers from Fraser'sand the Cornhill Magazines and tho Zortnightiy Retiew, and given them tho title ** Hours in a Library,” under which a part of them wore origiually published. 'The Yapera voverally discuga Do Foo's novels, Ichardson's novely, Pope ns 8 moraliat, Mr. Linir's edition of Tope, some wordy obout Blr Walter Beott, Natlanial Hawthorne, Balzac’s novels, aud De ulneoy, They disclose ou the part of tho au- thor considerablo roadiug, a_ fair capacity for analyaly, and that proelse mode of plirasing that distinguislios the Boglish fourualist. Thoy are, Lu bisf, thoroughly respedtabla. T'hero ia not a particle of Lumor, of imsgitn~ tiou, of brillisucy, 10 tho wholo of them, Onthe othor hand, they are painslaking, decorous, ntately, aud correct, They sro cwinont sxame ples of dignitied doportment, by some odd caue nection of ideas recalling the elder ‘Turvoydrop. We do not meau to insinuate by this thai they aro in tho Jeast absurd or ridiculous. They are ratlior mnlener gpecimops of the commonplace, iuspiring us with wonder that tha industry and ingenuity that could carry them to such a degreo of porfection on an ordibary level, should uot have been ablo to lift them up into tho lofticr region of aétual talent. "LITTLE CLASSICS.” Lrrree Crassics, Ldited by Rowaten Joumson, Tostascr, 10mo,, pp. 200, Doaton : James I, Os- ool & Co, Lirrte Crassics. Edited TosmTen Jonnwox, MysTny, 16mo, pp. £31, Dodon : James I Use Eood & Co, 'Tho serles of ** Littlo Classica ¥ aro hurryiog to a close, two yolumes sppearing almost simul- tancously, The oune, uunder tho titla of * Jto- mance,"” ombracas the stories: * Iris,” by O. W. Holmes 3 *The Roslerucian,” by Mra, Mu- loch ; “Aho Bouth Droaker,” by Ilarriet I'res- cutt Spofford ; **The Buow-Storm,” by Julu Wilson (Kit Nortb); and “The King of tha Teak,” by Allan Cubuingbsm. The other, atyled * Myatory,” includes oigbt stories, Lieaded by “The Ghoet,” of William D, 0'Con- nor. Antong the group that follow are, *The Birthmark," by Nathauiel lMowthorne; The Siguaiman,” by Charles Dickons; * I Haunt- ed Blups," by “Allan Cunnivgham; *'Tho Four- fifteon_ Iixpress,” by Amelin Il Edwards ; and “Tho Invisible Princers,” by Francis 0'Conuor. Witl tno mora numbers, bearing the namos of * Comedy ™ and * Cluldhood,"” tho sot of tife + Littlo Olusslcs™ willbe complete : and a charm- ing set it in in every way, Iach dainty volume of thoe dozen contains iu 1t varied collaction lit- tla gema of proso fiction thst ars among ths fineat in our luoraturo, THE TEETH, R FAMILIAR LEOTCIE AvOUT THE TENTH, Dy Hxsng . Citask, M. D,, D, D, 8., Professor of tho ** Listi- tite of ‘Denttsliy,” olc,, elo, Second Edition, 1m0, pp. 63, Bty Lonts s Gray, Barker & Co, Theeo twelvo rhort, familiar lectures aro in- tonded especlally for mothors, to teach them the importauce of praserving the teeth of their children in a wholesome condition, Bf an ntolli- geub caro of iho testh during the period of their growih, much enn be dono to secuve an even, poarly sct, that will romain sound as long a3 their owner sball noed thom. ‘Tho question isono that beara not only upon the lovks, but upon tho health, and sould receivo tho atton- tion of all who hava the chargo of children. vr. Clinso nrfieu tho noceswity of submitiing tho teoth to the Inspoction af” a dentist regulntly ovory vlx months after the child has reachiod tho ago of 3 years, on tho peincipla that prevention of diseasn nud decay is in all eases {nfinitoly boke ter and cheaper than romedy. RELIGIOUS QUESTIONS. UNDANE 4ND 1118 Fitxapy, Ih Mrs, E, Prex1tes, Au- thoe o+ Blorplog Lvatenward ! cla, 12uo 87, New York: Auson D, I, Handolph & Lo, Unbano {s a devout proacher, who haa been In- boring for many yeats in the vervice of his Loxd. Findingimaelf unublo in pulpit-discoursca taane swor alt the queries of bis people, Lie establishes " \vcnld{l ovoulng-meating, fo which aimple col- loquisl instruction {s given to thom, With a Jit- tla band of earncut students of 1hio Bible, ha ox- amines tho questions, What .is tho origin of evil f—flow porfect may wo expect 10 becomo P ~—What_are iunocont smusoments?—Iow far ahould Clristians bo saparate from the world 7— and acelis thoir solutiou in the plain text of the Heriptura, ‘T'he answors conforin strictly to ‘the tukehings of thoe Livangelical Ouurch, BOOKS RECEIVED, o lhs:ul‘h:uv;u’z :er l‘?vlu. 'llylu;:ulA I, Ganvxen, - Authior of * Btolen Walcrs," o 0,y 1ip il Now Yorks G, W, Osslelon 2% ¥ 43 EA"‘gm;rzu;lax A “"K";."' uooa, By G, J, + Wurre-MELvILLE,. Author of + Haiml; » 1200, pp. 810, iadeIpTa Pon:'r“&" ‘c’!..{lf.““‘“ ALtce BnanD : A ROMANGE or Tax OATITAL, Dy A, L. Rinpuk, Author of 4 Bart Rdgeley, aic, 120, pp. 384, New York: D, Applelon & Ca, Ibran IN NATURE OYERLOOKED nY DR, TENDALL NENG AN EXAMINATION 0¥ D, TYNDALL'S Dkie FasT Anbuess, Ly Jamres dcCouy, D, D, LL.D., Lresldent of Princeton Onllego, X2mo., pp. 84 New Yorkt Noboert Carter & lgmihcm MrAveN AN T1s WonDEns, Avp HELL: Frox Tinwas Heanp axp Hesw, ll{ ENANUKL HWEDLHVORH, Oriyiually published Iu Latin at Topdon, A, D, 1708, E.Lmu,, P 453 Thlladeiphiaz J, B, Lipplucatt & ‘Tity: Dircanpep Wive; on, Witk Sng Svcexzn? Dy flh'rlflun A nfl-ur. Author of * ‘Tho ‘:lh:ll:“"“g‘- arclage,” ete, 12n0,, 845, Vhiladelphia 3 T, B, Putursou & Brothers, w - e . PERIODICALS RECEIVED. « Aldine, No. 16 (Now York). litustrationas The Path of Duty ; ‘I'he Narrows, North Pork of tho Rlo Virgeu, Utah; Valloy of tho Dabbling Waters, Utah ; Temple of tho Virgln, Mu-koou- Valley, Utah ; Joan of Ara at the Blege 4; Tho Parisfan Mon of Boptember ; Cedyr Grovo ; Tho Datilo of Lexmngton; Walls Cathiodral (threo viewa) ; Tho Stag-ilounds, Amerioan Naturalfet for March (Peabody Academy of Bolonce, Halem, Mars,). Intereating Things for March (¥, 0. Beach & Charmasi 1 Coll 4 y it yn)lfll or April (Chicsgo Collega of Voi M g S &I;; ;f asonry for April (Jobn V. Brown, TRy S dot HMAIDER MANNEM.J Vhick 1ike you best,” my frlend luqaires, A aaid ex(remly’bold of why % “ Nowan of aeuss, 1 tbiuk, sduilrca _ A lesring oF & lowering o Yor ne, s fuste wiieu L sock ; s ve alous ‘The girl who rudely slaps 1oy chieek, Or voluulears hor own 1" ~Tranalatad from Marnal by John @, Suze, — e ] Colored Lawyor in Virginin, At tho sorsion of tuo Ihul.lm{l Court, in Pe. toraburg, Vs, ono day lust weck, It. Dy Ruflin, a colored may, was, on iy own. fuotion, sdmitted to the lar, aud sllowcd to practice Jaw in tuo courts of Potorsburg, Ho was duly sworn L, tho clork, who admiuistered tho usual oathy, -ui then ql:hu, 100k his seat witlun sho raitiug, Tho new wember is of vory dark color, abous 30 years gf bas, aad i 1000 w giedicaio of Uoward SPARKS OF SCIENCE. el A PLANT AND AN ANT, In his history of tho * Naturaliet in Nicara- gun," M, Loltgives au intoresting account of tie oddiy-intimate relationn exlting botween a plant end an ant. 'Tho former ina rpecien of scacia, oalled Mimosa cornigern, audthe latteria knawn by the name of Fseudumyria -Licolor. Tho trao abouuds on tho dry ssvaunas of Con- tral Amorics, aud ia thero termed the hull's horn thorn, fiom tho strong carved thorns, abaped {ike buils’ horos, that are in paira all over the truuk and branches ien firat de- veloped, thesa thornm are 8ft and filled with w mweotisl pulp that 1a a toat attractive faod for the small brown ants mentioned aleve. Lo get at this stata of faod, the anid boro o nola near tho point of ove of tho thorns, and cat wut the latorior of (ha pair, which commuuicatn at the Juncture, and thus the shella ara laft enlirely hollew. By tho time the treo In well prown, tho thorns ore Jarge and Atrong, and sfferd most convenlont dwelling-places Ior the auts that Lave oxcavaled them. On exmmination, it will Ls found that novo of them aro left untenanted by tho auts, whio awarm out fn & Lollicoss mauner on tha alightest disturbance. ‘I'io anin aro nrmed with tlorcs Jaws, and their Lito leaves a koon, stinging sonsation, \hen ot poaco, the littlo creatures ara perpetually roving abaut ovar the tree, oceupied with thoir” ccitic affaird, ond, et the Aame time, acting ay & body of privata police, protecting the tron from enr- rounding encinice, The eapecial fen of the Mi- moza, &4 of all vegotation in tropical America. s tho foaf-cutting ant, & epecios of fcoodoma, Thin inscct cuts tho leayes from teees in ordor to thateh its dwollinga with them, und will, tn s briof time, rob twig and brauch of avery vostiyo of green, destroying the fife of the plant. If s Mimosa cliances not to eustais 8 coluuy of the Pseudomyrma, it 18 speedily defolisted by the Uceodoma, 1lente it I8 supporeds by naturalisty tliat tho pinnt haa, in the courea of time. heen Bo modifled by tho action of the ants inhabiting it that it produces tho fuod needed by ity protest. ots in suflicient quantitice to lnsute their tesi- denco upon its brauchon. It iy & face contirmiug this hypotheals, that this particalar wpecies af l'acminnyrmu I8 pover found upun uny other i roe, - The loaves of the Mimoea ara peunate, and at tho Laso of each pair of leatlots, ¢n tha midrib, i 0 gland that socretess houey-hike fluid when tholoat 19 youny. Of tine the sutsare very fond, and by meauns of it their constant prescuco on the youny leaves, and their zealous rervics in aniviny off othur insects, aroinwnred, Auother wonderful ptovision for tho support of the ants ot to Lo recorded. At the eud of each of the small divisions of the compound leallet thera grows asmall fruit-Uke body thal, under tho microdcopo, luoks like a golden pear. When the Juaf firat unfolds, tho lLittlo pears re not quite ripe, ot the nutd ara very busy for a tithe going from ono to snother to dlacover wheu they come tomaturity. As_they do not all rijen at oncs, this business again serves to keep (ho auts run- ning over the loarea for & considerable time, As #oou as ono of the littlo pear-like bodies is found to besutticiently ndvanced, some watcbful ant Dites the point of attachment; then, bending down the prize, breaks it off, aud beww it swwy in triwmpl to {8 nest iu the thorug, THE PAPER-MULBERRY, In tho Japaneso scction of tho Vienna Lxhi- Dition, the curiosily wae greatly excited by a large collection of miscellaucous articles made of paper, Thers wero dresses, vapking, Land- kercluofs, umbrellsg, ornaments,—iudeed, al- mont evergthing namablo,—manufactured in o strong and durable manner from this frail ma- terlal. ‘he process by which tho paper wos ob- tained was at tho time unknown, but 2. Zappe, s member of the Oriental Sociaty, Lias since din- covored the secret aud publisiied it, Tho sub- atanco ueed {a the.bark of tho Hroussonctia papyrifera, or paper-mulberry. In cultivation, this troa grows from 6 to 12 feet high, sud bears au oblong, dark-searlot fruit, of o swcol, funij id tanto. 1t i @ nativo of Indis, Jabuy, aud tho islandy of the Paciie coast, Tho troe i opsily vropagated. Ita roots uro ont into pioces J inchos in length, and thrust iuto tho ground, whera they strike root with sur- prising m)‘rldil’. Iu the tirat year iho sboots ate tain a helghtof 9 inches, and tu the second of atleast 27 juclies, Iu tho course of threeyears the plant is full slze, aud, if 1t hay been prop- erly pruned, has becoms a vigorous sbrub, At ho Leginniug of winter the brancliea are lopped and cut into Zeinch pieors, which iro boiled wutil tho Lark strips off readily. ‘Tue Jutter is then laid out to dry in thio air for two ur three days, afier which it is exposad for cwenty-four lowms to theaction of tho wator ina running stream. At tho coucluslan of this process, the bark fs carded, in which oporation tho two flures of which it ia composed are ssparated. Tho outer, coarso tibres, called sarakaica, sto used for the manufacture of au tuferior quality of paper, and the inuer fibrew, called “sosori, for the fiver qualities, The sosori is ~ then rolled into bales of U5 pounds each, nmi agslu oxposed to running + water, dried, and lastly boiled 1o large kettles. Altor tlnwiug sgain in cold water, thete fibrea aro poundod in wonden mortars for about twenty minutes, male up iuto balls, and reduced to pulp. A small quantity of liquid extra ted from Hebiocus man- ho! is wized with it, sud nlso a hittle rico-water, to lprnmr\-u it from tho ravages of insccts. Lhe puip iy then mado into paper m‘um ordiuary )rlacexgn. orit Iy drawn iuto threads to b wovon luto silk, | The 1slauders of the Iaaiflo manufacturo a cloth from tho bark of tha paper-mulberry, but by & procaus quita differont tram that describied. FORMATION OF MINERALS. M, Daubresa has Iatoly brought to the notice of tho French Acadsmy au fustructivo examplo of tho recent formation of inetullic minerals, elmilar to thess froquently fouund in copper- lodes. During tho draluago of & tvell at tho Lot springs of Bourbonue-les:Baing (Tuute Maruo), the muddy bottom was Iaid bare, and lu the surface-doposita were discoverod a number of Toman coins, statucttes, and other objects, in bronzo, filver, and gold. Immedistely balow this level, tho workwen came upon a bed made up of tragmeonts af rock, chiclly eaudstoue, comontod togother by cortain metallic sulphides thut in many cases wera well eryatallized. Theso nulphides {uciuded oxsmples ot copper-pyrites, Duatkupfercz or “horse-tlesh ore,” “coppor glauco or sulphide of coppor, aud, wost notablo. of all, tetrabedral cryntals of o dogble sulphide of copper and’ autimony, {dontical witli cortaln variotios of Fahlerg, The minerals appear to tiavo been formod by the roduction of motaltic mulphnates through the sgeucy of vogotablo matter, and to have been precipitated amoug tho fragments of stone, which they havo comouted iuto a brecels, I'ho thermal waters tseno from the new rod saudstono at a temparaturo of about 60 degroos C, 1t cau bo praved that tho formation of theso mincrals caunot have axtended boyond sixteen centurics, INSULAR FLORAS, The two litllo islands Amsterdam and Kt Panl 1o dn tho Soutts Sudian Ocean, about midway an the direct lino botwoon the Cape.of Good Hops end Von Dloman's Lapd, They aro ouly 50 miles distant from oach othor, and yet Amstor- dam I8 covored with trees, whilo bt, I'aul Is dos- tituto of & shrub, It has long been tho desirs of Lotanieta to detormine tho character of the Ame stordam foroet, but the difiloulty of effecting & Isud[ng on the laland, with other obetscles, hos ‘:mvomed the collection of specimens, At last, owever, Dr, Hooker, ot Kow Gardcns, has ro- eerved the coveted speclmens through Com. Qoadenough, who atated that but oue sbecles of treo inbabita the fslaud, Dr. Hookerldontifios thta with tho Phylica arborea of ‘Thouers, a true which is found in tho remots Island of Tristan d'Achinhis, It 18 o curlous problem for these who study jusular florss, to_suygest how tho eame AV plant can b oxtablished itsolf on those twa littlo specks of Iand, separated by sbout 5,000 mlles of o ‘The Inlaud of Amsterdam i of voleanio urlglu' and hag several hot sprivgs, 1t iy & barren spot, the howo only of sea-blrds, eholl-fish, aud seals, A SAGACIOUS COW. e cow hus not hithorto been suspected of mnch aculoness of fustinct or livelluess of sffoction, but an fucident developed at the Letty Beeslons held recently in un Luglist town tonds to show that fhis mild, dwl animal Is sowetimes eudowed with coould. orable foeling and sagaeity, In the case in quostion, & furmor's wifo was sssaulied by ber husband in a flold where was a cow that tho womsn bad greatly petted, On seelng the man bealing his wife, teanng Lor hsir sud olathes, sud otherwiso smaltreating hor, the sow camo ebarging up tho tuld, sud sttecked tho man with wuch feroclty that Lo was glad to ro- wreat sununatily, J'le cow then took up a do- {fuuaive bouition by the womau's wide, aud sfood porfockly sl while the latiar strugplod to hor fcot aud swpported Lrsolf by leauing on its Baok until sho Lad sufliclently recovared to take Fotugo frox ber busband in dight - It may be taken ax additional ovidence of the uncommon gocd keneo of the cow, that it bad alvays mani. Ierted & strang antipathv to the hrute twho could descaud £0 loy as to beat his wife. MAGNETIC IROM-O3E IN LABRADOR, Targo guantitics of magmetic fron-orv in sand existon the north coast of Lalrador; but, though tho fact ina baen known for pomo eight yearg, unt) recoutly no ouo hes sttempted to so- enro this mincral wealth. Now, Lowever, the onterpriss has Leen undertaken, and, from ap- peatnnces, will be prosceuted with vigor. Thn problems of purifying the sand fu & rapid and economical way, and of making stoel by tho di- rect method, havo been svived. In Juno last, two Qnebee gentleman began to put up tho nee- crvary houses at Black Pomt, betweon B, Jol's Litver and Michigan., Hinco then & compavy of nien has heen conatantly emploved 1n I‘m{mrlnu the eand, which conlainnin the rough state 30 per coot, and, when conceutrated, 99 per cont, of magnotie iron-ore. Quobec hak establiehed & {actory for tho manufacture of mteel from this saud. and saverol tons of tho ore linve heon ul- FAMILIAR TALK. ENGYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA. ninth edition of ths * Encyelopodia Britannica® dendeais a wketch of tho history of fuis grost work apportunn at tho prosont moment. Itfa now a hittlo aver & century since it was profected by Andrerw Lelt, engravor, and Colin McFarqu- liar, printer, of Ediuburg. This, however, was not thotirat attempt in Grest ritaln at a com- prehensive dictionary of learnlug. As carly aa 1704, Dr. Harils, of London, bagan the publicas Aon of hia ** Lexlson Technleum ™3 40 which » rupplement was wided in 1710, Tu 1729, the Cyelopedia of Ephraim Chumbers appeared in two largo folio volumes, aud wan for many sears teld {n the highost eatecn. Bix yoars after tho conclusion iu Frasico of the Encyclopediaof Lidorot sud 1) Alembert,—~that i, in 1771,—tho publication of tho * Rritsuniea " was begun (b weekly numbers. Tha plan of tho work was devised by Willlam fumelli, aud the roady ucut up to tho city, A manufeciory s also Voing erocted at Jintashim PIRATICAL PLAMTS. It peoms thay the Jiroscras (Sundew), one of the geners of planta that prey upon tho inmect world, bave s viclous sido of their nature, that they exhibit toward aninals of tho bighor rauke, ‘The specien nntivo to America are so swall, and grow in sltuations so remoto from grazing grounds, viz.: in bogs and marshiay, that their capability for eerious mischief has not beon tonted. Dut in Auntralia there are mpecles of larger vizo that fall in tho way of eattle and shoey, aud Baron Von Muellor, tho (iovorament Botansst of Melbourne, reports inany grave ro- Bulls of porsoning fromthem, Dr. Mueller s n careful and competent cbaerver, and his tentis mony assnres us that tho Jiroseras aro g dan- gorous as they are romarkable. It will not do for animals 10 attempt Lo beat them at their own gamo and make ralads of them. Thoy are thor- fin;:hly equipped for purposes of offeuso and defense. VIFER BITES. A writer In Scirnce-lioreip states that he was bitton on the Laud by vipers at four differ- eot times last wummer, and exporienced no n- convopieuco from tho wonnds, Leyoud a swell- ing, o slight discoloration, and » deadenluyg wen- gntion of tho arm and haud. Y'Le ouly remedics used were bathing the &wollen pariy with Lot water, and afterward spplyivg oil. No pain whatever reeulted from the bite. Fontana, tho Frouch writer, determined, from 6,000 experis meuts, that®the viper socretos oue wrain of poi- son, while three grulns ure roquired to kill a wan. The viper wust bite two or even threa timea in sncceaslon iu order to exhaust I1s pol- gon; Lence u singlo bite cannot bo fatal, MOUSE AND OYSTER. Certaloly the oddest place in tho world for a wouse to thrust Lin head into was chosen by s little prowler at Angmering, Engi#hd, the other duy. Bome orsters were Iyiug, opep-mouthied, on the Litchen-table, wi.cnmouse, attracted by the prospoct of a wavory morsel, invorted lus Jiesd Letween the jawsof onoof them. ‘Lo Rethor apraug tho kliolls with a suap, and mousia wes canght in a vico a8 strong and ns close san stoel trap. flis death was instantaneous, and weveral persons u the room at the timo will tew- tify to the strange manuor of Lis 4agical demiso, IMFERIAL ACADEMICIANS, Don Pedro, Emporor of Hrazil, bas boen electod a correaponding member of the Freiich Academy of Sclences fur tho sectlon of Geogra- phy and Navigation. LDon Pedro is the third Iwmperial member of the Academv. Tho firat was Petor tho Great, electod & geographical cor- reapondent; nud the Academy still preserves in its records s map of the Casplan Rea which the Crar furuisbied m his capacity of correspondent, 'I'ho second Imperial Academicinn was Napoleon I, who was o mewmber of the asectlon of Me- chaples, but reslgned after his abdication at Fontaineblean, Napoleon 111, made an effort to ot;n}xn a placo in the Academy, but was unsup. ceselul. ENQLISH ARCTIC EXPEDITION, Preperations for the doparturs of tho Loglieh Arctic Expedition aro rupldly advancing, and tho ships will sml early {n June. ‘Tlo commanding ofticer aud his chief asnistants are going through a courso of instruction 1 maguotiam, pendulum obzervations. and speclal astronomicsl work. 1t Is finally decided that no professional gaol- ogist wil accompauy the expedition. Onb or more of the oflicers will fake up photegraphy, and the work conneeted with epoctrum aualysis will be provided for. . e i "THOUGHTS FROM THE PERSIAM. @ years i a pour man valy de Hcaven's gate ¢ Tten, whils ono second he dozed, 1t opened—and closed, - Wit hunt ofter truta 2, Hearel iy thangl, fiot thr book Thamoan ‘4 u the wiy, 1ta finage tu the brody ‘Whost thread of Hife in #irnng with ahining besds Of thought and love, no other rosary ncods, Whatever rosd 1 folla, 1t Will fead mue &0 the Infnite, Tye tual kuowledge, Lord, baths be Who kuowa there's naught to know but Th Mirrorg of Gollicsd s all atoms Iu apace, ¥or each retlgeteths f His porfect face, @ “The vonl o plsinest proof of Gods Probe lo the funermont (by minit-s ‘Tharo surely at 1118 work ahalf thou Pl unlversal Worker fud, 0 thou that burnest eore "¥or them in hell that burn, 1o whoart thou to teach thy Or whao is 16 fo learn Nupposs thou art obodtent, “luat proit 1a's 10 Him 7 B\\)-‘;o-u thou sinnest, csn thy sin 11fa glory dim 7 And oven coull'st thou dn Iim harar, If barm fu tuen did He, Wiiat wore 1his difference, O ma; Hetwixt thy God and thee Thou gentle traveler, who “The world bost waudered through, Hecn the awealest roses blush, Seen tho purest fountuin qust,— Of all thins eyea have looked wtpon, What spot hath brightes| etions ¢ Chlld, ahalt 1 toll thea where turo ‘s woat eholvo aud Lair 7 Lord, X B ating frenchmen. Paris Corvespondancs New York Times, Ilippophagy fs waking rapid progress Iu Frauca on aecaunt of the soarcity of beoves aud the ox- osbitant prices now domanded for all sorts of weats. Tho consumplion of horscflosh in Paris for publio alimentation ja much greater than it it gie i tyglvesnrn & nogro funvral n which & wsn was plowing, * Critz," said one of to lick him, o got out of the wagon, yau {uto the fleld, sud attockod Crity, the procossion hultivg to the result, Crita got the bost of Lis asaailant, und then the rest of the mourners startod for tho spot. Hosiug that the number was ageins him, Crits fod to bis bouss, got his gun, sud tited upon his parsucrd, killiog oua of thenmn That ouded the covtlict. - The doad nexyo was put 1o tho wagon by ourpss, and tho srosevalon moved right aloug. Las ever beon, lts use, oscept iu the mauu- facturo of the woll-known Lyous saussges, is of rovont date, T'ho tfirat equing butchoiies Wora outablishod in 1866, In 3807, after a trinl of oue year, 3,151 Lorscs were butcbered and sold for ood. 1 1869 the numbor of Lordes, afavy, and mulus slaughterod reached 2658 aud the numbor wad Inorossod lo 8,731 m 187 In 1874 the fl%\m)a sove {0 7,181, whith gave, not, 1,205.620 kilogrammes of mest—a logramuwe bolug about 4 pouads. Qo the st of Jauuary of tho prosent yoar there wers fifly shopu in Paris whiero Lorso-loxh was sold to tha public, aud thoro wore fivo more shiops in the tuburbs of the city. luthe provinclal towne the l) rous bas Loen about tho same. 1donot hink that any one really likes horse-tlash biottar thau beef, though somu do profer aruos’ tlosh to boalf ; buk it s wold ab about one-bulf tho prica of beat, uud hience {8 used by the poor far thelr boulilon and thoir pol-au-feu, The usa of horza Hlowh in nnufiah now ganeral in Frauce, aud iar taste tliat Is not uupalstablo, that” peculinr roddish color of the Lyous sausages. 1 ueed acarcely say that only old and broken-down horwos of wunall value aro weul to tha abattolr, g A Tenuvesve Funorals At Thompson's Btation, uear Nasbyille, Tenn., procession was g-mluu » fivld That's old Jobn 0 wournery, ' and 1 want Gueas I'll da it now.” Theraupon ait tho side of tha other priucipal articlea wera written Ly bim, Th agreement upon which tho task was nssumnil ia given i Kers's Lifo of Hwellie,” from which wo axtract it N, Amdroe Sl 13 William Smeliis Hiit: A8 we are engaiped 10 pubiGLiog o % Dictinnary of the Ariu aud Helencen,” and as you have fufisiied ut that there are Mftern capital aclences Wlub you will nudertakn for, 2ud write up the sub-divisions and Aetachtil parie of hem, cunforming 1o your plan, and liknwiss £ yrepata iho whole work for tho press, cie,, elc., wa Lereby sdrea to silow you £2.0 fur Jour frouble. " Smallio begzan life as » compositor. but, deter- mined to nuflulro au education, he putsued two ar thres studies in the Ldiuburg University at e same timo that Lo wan folfowing dus trade, When the datly bour came for bis recitatious be wauld drop th composiug-rtick, repair to the Univereity, sud take his ploce with nia class, and. when tho scasion waa uver, srould agatn ro- turn tothe case. Atthe ago of 19 Le was en- gaged as conductor and compiler of Scols” Maga- e, at & calacy of 168 per week. ‘I'ho Encyclopedia on which Smellio way now employed wag cotuploted o thres smail quarts volames, i 1773, " Mistorical, biographicai, and goographical kubjects wero omitted in thia firat edition'; but, 1 1730, a now impredsion being called for, it was resolved to introduce thse fm- portant departinonts, Hroclio was ut this timo offered & gharo n the publication, but ha de- clined to have avyihink to do with it, because of tho chistige in tho originsl plan of the work., r. Jumes Tytler, n nian of uncommon lesrning and a prolific writer, way thorefore ongaged to resiso end cnlarge the tew edition, Through his la- bors tho wark was extendad to ton vclumes, and, of thess, 1,500 coples wero inesed. A third cdition waa undertaken in 1738, aud complatord in 1707, It cousieted of clghteen volumes, of which 10,000 coples were printed. The profits sre said to havo amounted to &210,000. In the production of this editton, the sorvices of saveral omineut writers wero secured. after it was commencad, tlie uditorsbip was givea to Dr. Gleig, of Sterlivg, afterwards Bishop of Brechin. I'rof.Joln tobison, of the Utdversi- ty of Ediubure, was A voluminous contributor, furnisblug the articlos on Tides, Telescopos, Dhysics, Koelstavee, ete., renewing the miticle on Optics, aud argisting the editor iu the pro- duction of tho article on Philosophy. To tho aupplement of two voluwes ultimately added to this edition, Prof. Hobiron also contributed Targoly, writing many of the ecientifio articles, including Astronowy, DLypmuncs, Electricity, Maznetiem, Thunder, Trutmipet, and Watehworks, Thae fourth cdition of tuo Encyelupedi angmented to twenty volumes, wus fnisbor in 1410, nuder the sapervision of Dr. Jamey Miflor, ‘I'bie impresgion wus small, comprising but 3,500 copies, aud did not include tho eupplemens, which had been gold to Archibald Coustable, a l'i!dl),’i publisher in Edinburg, for £100. 1n 1811 Mr. Constable rurcunawj the copyright of the cutire work, end immediately set abouc improve ing and ealarging it. A supplement of aix vol- uines was projecied, snd placed tader the skill- ful nanegement of Prof, Macvey Napter. Duygald Stewart commenced ono uf thoe cele- brated preliminary disssriatione,--that on tho Thtors of Aetaphyaica and Ethical nud Political Philosophy,—but, dyiug vefore the work wes concluded, it'fell into tho huudn of Sir Jawes Mackintosl, e also was taken awny ere the task was done, and Psof. Lechatiniehed it, Thus Stowart wrote tho History of Aletaphysies, Mackintosh tha Fistory of Ythical, and L'rof. Playfair, and comp'etod by V'rof, Tho last voluma was publinted jn 1824, In 1329, the copssizht of the “Britannica™ aesed fnto tho possession of Mesurs. A, aud C. luck, of Edinburg, The seveutl lmpression was edited by Prof. Napier, assistod by James Lnoiaous expensed wers i currod to render the work accurate and compre- ‘T'he preliminary Broyn, LL. 1, heueive In all its departmenta, dinsertations wero tho disticguisling feature of tho edition. . The eeventh {mpreesion was undertaken in 1930, —tho firet monthly part appoaring it March of that year, and thg' last in January, 18{d, Young, “Malthus, Mill, loget, Wileon, Do Quin- cov, and other emiuent echotsin and sriterd, aid- ed in tho brilliant succees of the entorprise. Tho i total expense of {ho tweniy-oue quarto volumos wad no feas than £1253,657 Ya 44, "The mate wost of presontation cojuos was L4108 Gs, while tha Jduty on the paper used exceeded £6,000. For tho litorary worlk on ths first valumo of Diener- tations upwards of £3,450 was puid out, ‘The | propriotors were properly remarded tor their { sreat outlay by an immedicto aud <coutinuous zale, g l ‘I'be elghth odition was begun at tha close of 1£52, sud_nine years wers oecupled in it Y“b\h i wstlon, Tho editorial charge was intrusted to . Er. Thiomas Stewart Trall, Trofessor of Modical Jwarisprudenco in_the University of Edinburg, | $he oew _contributors included Archbishop Whately, Trof. Diackio, Dr. Forbes, and Lord Macaulay. 1o latter firnished fivo of the lead- ing blographies, “aa a tokion of fricudship to the senlor proprietor.” Tho editor announced that 80 thoroughly was tho work rovised, and wo large wero the sdditiond mado, * thal nino- {nuthq of its contenty may bo sald to boabse- utely now.* Thyeulnlhnndlutodlllfln—lhoflrfillnunllm-nt of which is now iu cironiation—is superintonded { by Prof. Bpeucer llaynes, 'Whe plan of the ,work has undorkono ® frosh change, iaud, fostead of opouing with the Djsser- | tatione, it begins with the regnlar matier in alphabetical goquenco, w1 wmers dictiouary #wonds * belng oxcluded. OF tho contents of tho firet yolume we may stato that the articlea unon Amplibia sud Actinoza havo been written by P'rof, Huxley ; 1bat on the Alpn by Mr, John 1all, The diwsortation on Auatomy, filling 100 pages, bs by Lrof, urner. he paper on Accli- matization [4 by M. A W Wallsco; tho articlo on Adulterstion iu from the Land of Laothoby, Notwithstsnding tho cara that las bsen ox- pouded on esch cdition of the * Dritaunica,” probably uot one has requlred tho moditications that will be nooessary to hring thiy sbreast of tho timos, 80 markod has Loon tho advance of junnan thought in tho various brauchos of kuawledgo durivg the lnst ton or ifteen yvara. SIR ARTHUR HELPS, ‘Fhe late Bir Arthur Helps, whose premsiure denth is mournoed in two cantlnents, was ouo of the most elogaut scholard aud gracefal eesayiuty of the prosent gonoration, Hoon after leaving ho Univeraity of Cambridgo, Mr. Xlelps bocamo Trivate Hooretary to Alr. Boring Rico, snd after~ wards to Lord Morpoth, then the Becrotary to the Lord-Lieutonant of Ireland, In both theso positions, Lis suporiur cullure and attractive charscter oouvorted his oftioial relations with his chistu juto Jasting bonds of friondslup, After tho siega of Copenhagen, Bir. Ielps way np- pointod oue of the Couuaisulon for tho sctilos ment of cortain Donish claimu; but, with thiy tritling exception; his life was for many years de- voted exclusively to lterary purwuits, About twenty years ago, Mr, Helps recelved the oflice of Clerk of the I'rivy Council, s placa which ke fillod up to the tima of his death with great pradenco and fldelity. The traitu of the man and of tho ofifelal 80 commonded him to the Quaen, that far wany Eeun ha was regarded by hior not ouly as & capable and trusied Becrotury, but a4 a wike and faithtul friend. 1% is related of Sir Artlur, a4 an evifenco of his oxttaoidinary ivgle-learteduess, that, on lodiug bis private forluue,—a calawity fuas oo~ ourred after his appointment to the Connol,— L fustautly placed hig rouiguation in tho rouls s, uaying that tho post wes ona that ouglit uot, for constitutional roasoud, to bo beld by au fmpovorlshed man. BirArth- was, from his youth, sn indefatigas Dle Iaborer, uotwishstauding s conatitution was ougiually lackiug 1u strongth and vigor, A fricnd sayaof bim that uo one who had ot tho eutry to his study could fora an estimate of the amouat of toil expended upon his writiuga, “If there wasover a willer in zeforenco to whom it could bo satd that geulus and fudusiry were con- yertibla ferwa, it was No expanditure of toil or mone, o evor sllow {0 staud between him aud a truil of auy kivd. Waro tho ouly copy of & wauusceript st Blmancas, to Suuagcay Lio would go ; were & book iuaccesalble savo by purchase, bo world bay i joworo It writtentua Tha appesranco of the fimt volumo of ti | Leslio thint of Political Philosophy. Tho diskertation ou Mathomutics oo Psuleal seisuce was begun by Lanlio, Others amoug the splendid hist of coutributois to this enpploment wera Araco, Biot, and Davy. 3 !M{mnga hn did not know,~bitler expericnss had given him an absoluts distrist of tranela. tions, —ho would set to work to etudy that lan. nge. it Arthur was 8o woll reqd in the literatares of four Liviug languages, besiden ltis own, that it i eaid to have E‘o‘en nearly imposeibla ta com. 1nenes & quotation in any of them that ho could not finjsh, His attamments In acienco were vore consilerablo, while of tho fine arts, cape- cially of music, ho was a discriminating critle sud’an asdent admirer. The cotsiogua of bis writings 8 0 lonr one, hegluning with a small collection of “Tugughts,” produced boforo he left Cnmbridgo, With 1o ambition to bo a brilliant talker, Siz Arthue yeb utlered In conversation many a ron- tentioas porase that reealled the numerous vl orisma seatterod through his writings, s volee was low, his msnuer quaint and formal, accord. Ing well with his thoughiful distonrse, {n which a grave playfulness tous the place of Lumor. BREAD AMND BAKERS. | In primitive times bread was wmade of wholt grain soaked in wator, subjected to pres=are, and then dried by natural or srtifloial heat. The next atep waa (o bray or Lruiso tho grain In a mortar, or betwoon twa fiat stones, betore moiat. cniog or heating it ; and to thls process of bray. fng or bruising, romo ctymologista have ree ferred tho origty ot the word bread, Unlear- ened cakes, consisting of bruisod grain molst. eued with watar and rolled luto thin slioets, form the dampers of Austialia, the bannocks of Sent. Inud, tho sconcs of the Iast Indies, and the Pasaover-cakea of tho Tnraclicas, Leaven was probably first used in Egypt, whera tho finast of flour was produced ot a vory romote nge. 1t wnd alterwarda employed by the Grecks, who aro eatd to have been tho hest Lread-makera in tho world. 1'rom Grenco, tha secret of tha mauufacture traseled ta Rome, and thenco to all tho civitized sworld. Tha Invention of ovens {x sscribod to tho Hebrews. They wern at firat very small, but tho Jlomans improved upon the origiuat princlple, and constructed mueh largee ones. In the timo of Philip Angustus, the firat guild of hakery was eatabliehed, under the presidency of the Court Baker. Thiglast hold a lucrotiva oftice, whicls ws perpetuatorl among Kuropsan uations until the sear 1711, Dakers weto oripl- nally called riftess, from the operation of sifting thio ground ffour. In the thirteonth century thoy reemved the name of boulangers in ¥Yrance, frora the sbape of tho loaves they made. ln 1703 thero wera 250 boulangers in' Tmis. Frdm tho carlieat times o limit wasm sct by the laws of Yrance to the unmber of peopis engoaged in tho teado. In 1700 the enactment regulating the in- duntry wera rendered rLill mare oppressive, bt in 1863 Napoleon §11. freed tho Arado from s unmeaniug sud unjust trammale. DIAKA. Shie biadd 1 hawe of yellow horn, Like the old moon st early morm. £hia had three srrows, rirong and good, Bivel act In featliered cornel=wood, Lito pursst peas] Ber 1et Lreart shons Khove Ler Elrtle's emcrald zoue; e rlght wan bound tn stk well-imgt, Lzet lier Lowstriug whould sever it, Ripe Jipe thie had, and clear gray eyss, ‘Aud bar, pture gold, blovn holden-wice 3, | Acrces bier face ke shining mist ‘ “Tuat with dawn's flush s falutly kiscod Her 1imbs, how matehed and round fine | Mow free, ke sung ! Bow strovg, like twips" And, timed to mnsiz wili] and nweet, Jow swift ber siverisandoled fevt § Bingle of bieaet and strong of hand, Wind-iike she wandersd through the land. No man—or Kiug, or Lard or churl— Darcd whiaper lote to that fate girl, And woe (0 Lim wha came npon. : Her wudo, t bath, ke Action ] 0 lrs Lis fats, that ane who hesrd . “The tutter of 3 bathing bird— Whint time he crossed n breers woodes Felt sudden quickening of his blood, Caet one shy laok, (hea ran away Vur through the groes, thick groves of sy, Afeared leat, down the wind of spring, 1ie'd hearan arrow whlsperiug ! —Tiiney Havrice Thompeon tu Atlantie Honthly. e o Court Munncers in Japan,. Falt Mall Grzette, Clievalier von Sclafor, late Diractorof the Austro-llungarian Chaocellery in London, bas recently bad an_audience of tho Mikado, fu his naw capaeity of Minster-Itesident 1o Japan, and tho Vienna Abendpost gives an amusing sccound of'the proceedings on this occasion, The Jap- ancro court bas, 1t apnears, under tho intluence of European civilization, nbaudoned sl the Orfontal magnficence wh formerly character- iz0d tho reception of a forcign ambaseador, and tho ceremony is now iarzed by asimplicity oven groater than that which prevails in _mauy European comts: Tho Minfster and his_suito were conveyed in earriagen, but without any military” cscort, to the palaco, which was guarded by only two sestinels, who {;rumled arme on their arrival. On entor- g the palace, eix chamberlaing I black drees coats usnored them into tho waiting-reom, wiich was furnished [n the Europesnstyie, witha black mirblo mantelpleco, snrmuunted by s looking- plassin a plain frame, chaira and tables, and a Drussels earpet. Tho Lord Chamberlain and tha Vice-Nivister then fed Herr vou Bebafer intu the audfouce-chamber,—~a large haitl divided iute threo_partitiona by two parallel glaes wal's Who Mikado, & somewhat tall, slim yonn man, looking older than bhis ago, aml clad' fn_a rich uniform elmilar 'to thal of a French Field-Mamiinl, stood fn tbe contro compartment, fn froot of a plam armehalr, which apparestly did sorvico for ¢ throno, e recolved the deputation geaciously, gently rubbing hin hands _aud smiling whenever a pai i:ulnflf well-turned compliment was ad- dressed to by the Miniater in tho coursa of hls speechr, ‘Tho Mikado resd hia reply, which way much tho same aa that of a Europoan mon- arch would liave Leen under shmilar circum- stances, and then dismissed Lid visitors with “a gracions nod.” Bhortly after tho Minister was adwitted to an audlenco of tho Empress, She stood Iu tho eame partition £d tho Mikado had proviously occupiod, and loaued agalust tho samo armchair, I'he Mikuko, bowéver, waaalons, while the Fmpress was accompaniet! by thresof her ladies of honor, who stood with & paper um- brella in the partition on her loft, ho was dreased fu wide trouscrs of deep red eilk, which eutirely coverod ber fest, an upper drees of thi same stuff, sud o white silk uuderdress, witk wida sleoves resching alnost to the ground, Oa her shoulders was » violst usntio embroidered with flowers In gold, and a broad rod #ash was folded several times round her bady, or hair wan comboed upwards over & very bigh pad,’ whence it hung down on her Lack, and sho word on her hoad & maguiticant dindem worked in old and gilver, representing eranes carrying flowers, Bhie held in her hand a huge fan covered with gold brocads stuff, ‘ho Enpress oxprosaed miuch in. tarest in tho huating expeditions of the Emproay of Austrin, the Jopsnesv being alyo iotedd te tha plonsuras of tho chaso. . Detroit Fres Pross, Tha other afterncon s boy wua seen to suds denly sliout out of thu door of a liouso on Lo- cust street and sorawblo to tho top of a board ‘fence. Hiw mothor was Just an {ontant too late to catch him, and, concouling the potato-mashor behiud her, sho Jodked up to her won with a awile and uaid 1 4 + Como dowa, darling.,” + Not jess now I" replieg tho boy, aticking out Lia tonguo st ber. i “ Corue down, dear Williaw, and we'll cut tha Lo cantinued, *You can's - fool me s cent's worth," he ac. swored, hitchiug alouy. » Won't you drop down here for just a min. M ghe pleaded. 1 toll you it'e no use 1" ha exclaimed. *Untli 1 am thoroughly conviueed 1l our intentions are pucifio 1 shall remaln #itusted at my preseyt gecure altitudo, 3 Blie threw tho masher at him, mivsed, and én. tered the house Lo wait for hunger aud thirst to Vbring bin down, e Tho Ohio Cannl Rini. ‘They bave & Caual Riugin Oblo, sud the Cin. clouatl Commercial, which hsg Leon (rying with couslderablo auccess to Iob u littts lighit into it, makes this comparleon betweon the mothods of Goy, Tilden aud those of Obio Doveraors: % QGov, Tilden's simashing asdault upon the Canal Riug of New York haaiuade an immenss noiss lulfilt State, The rsvcals complain that the peoplo at large will call thom thioves, and though they buve boen kteallog the Jvn\mu monoy they do not liko baryh uawca sud bard wordd. No Goveruor of Oblo bas evor baen st tha trou- ble {o diz up tho Caval Riog, It has besu the habit of our Goveruors to read the reports of the Boards of Publio Works. Hlate Nugincora aud that sort of ofiiclel traub, and frapuo theiz messagen accondlogly,” E)