Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, April 3, 1875, Page 2

2 ROCK" [SEAND. The Gem of the Westess TWhat B¢ ¥Was and Xs. From the Frontier Fort of 1816 to the Grand Armo- ry of 1876, The Origin and Progress of the Black Hawl War. Efxriy Training of Some of Our Na- tional Presidents, Srecial Correspotidenea of The Chfcaon Tribune, Rocr Ispasp, 1il., Aptll 2.—A vase amount of Intoresting history connectod with Lo early set- tlement of onr country bas nover been weitien, or if wriften has been forgotton. What wo call our * landnrd Histories " confino themsoives so closely to affsirs of Stato that tho reader can earn from thom but little of thnt domuestie lifo which makes up tho aygrogate character and tho real history of o peoplo. IHintory—so-callod—deals with conli- ponte, not lelands; with natlous, not tribos ; with States, not families ; with Generals, not privatos ; with etstasmon, not shopmen, Whne we knowof thedomestiolifo of the anclent Greoks and Romaus wo havo gatberod mot ‘so much trom their historians as from tholr poete, aud what future goncrations will know of our do- mestic lifo must bo largely gathered from such works as Whiltier's Pennsylvania Dilgrim * and Brot {Iarto’s ** Meathon Chinco,” WII0 KNOWA ANSTIHING ABOUT ROCK TSLAND P What writer hes done justico to ita rich his. toria record? What artist hos drawn it rare beautiea on canvas? Wha! poet ban Immortalized ta shady Dy-ways, ity sunny lawns, its forest depths, its grandeur in all that gives zest tothe power of descrip- tion? The great men of {wo racos hnve dwolt upon it, Savage and clvilized havo loved to lin- gor near its shored. Andif Indisn tradition ja true, tho island once Liad a tenunt oven from the Bpirit land. From the fact that Rock Iuland has acquired 2 national promiuence, owing to its being mado the eito of the groat central armory sud Jar- venal of tho country, it may bo both {uteresting and profitable to your readers toloarn somothing of ite carly history, aud its advantages for tho sarposo desiguated, . . TOFOGRAPIICAL. Lest the reader bo contused by terms, it scoma Dest Lo say hero that the City of Rock Island s in Ilinois, on the cast bavk of the Missisaippl River, whilo tho Island of Iock Tsland lies in tho river almosat opposito tho city, Tho island con- ning abous 1,000 acres, and la owned by tho Na- tional Goveroment. It rests on n boso of mag- nesian limestous, clevated apove high-waler wmavk. Its eoil is from 4 to G foot in depth, very rich, and is mostly coverad by a magnificent growth of forest troes native to this latitude, such as olm, ash, oak, and Lickory. Indisns and whites wero attracted to this vicivity at en smrly day, mot so mmuch porkaps by sficknees of goil as by richnesa of scovery. Ihat touch of naturo which makes annkind_akins that silent voico beckoning :lrongh Naturo's lovelioat manifestations, spoko sliko to tha heart of both ricos, and drew them uithier, It was this which mado the one so loth ta departs tho other so doterminod to romain, Under thoso majestio forest trces, hers and shere woven with » dense potwork of wild rince, THE INDIANS ‘oved to ramble and fudulge in the simpla amuse- ments of thelr raco ; nlong theso rocky bauks was their favorite ns'hlng-;.'mund: tho swift curs ront which here pours down over successiva chalna ot rapids ‘was tho scens of mouy o dash and frolioc jn_their frail cauoes; nad bero dwelt tho kindly splrit whoso protecting power preserved tho rod ian from Lerm and over whoso subterrancan homo nona dared to walk but with tho silent step of supremo rovoronco and ano, Diack lawk, the grent chioftain of tho Sauk ludisns, speaks thus of Jtock Tsland : Thin was tho beat fsland on tha Misslsaippt, and bad fong been (ho reort of our young poople during the eummer, 1t was our garden, which supplied us with atsawberries, blackbarries, plums, apples, sud nuts of various ki sud it seaters suppiied s witl puro belnf( eitusted in the rapdda of the river, Inwmy speut muny hapoy deye on (s filand. A wood pirit bad care of it, who Hved in & cavo in tho rocks fmmodiately inder the piace wlern tha fort (Armstrovi) now stunds, osud bas ofien bLeen seca by our people. o waw white, with large wings Me s swan's, but “ten timea larger, Ws wore particular not to niake a noies in thiat patt of the lalaud tor fear of disturbing ki, Tiut tlis 30iso of the fort haa since driven Liln away, und no doubt a bad spirit hins taken his Flace. When the whitss supplanted {ho Indians, and the now civilization drove the latter beyvoud the Miseisstppl, Itock Island scews to huve retnived its ancient jmportanco. In 1810 tho Federal Governwunt built FORT AnMsTRONG on the lower part of tho islond, and from that himeuntil ita ovacnation in 1830 tho island, with its_fort aud garrivon, was alike tho refuge aud the protector of tho fromter set- Yers who gathered under 1y shelter- ing wings, Tho old stockade, wilh ita speclous block-houses and smple port-loles, wag » standing menace 1o tho savago foe, and, when anusual danger threstoned, afforded shelter to tho scattercd eottless who sought protection within its wooden walls. Ix-Gov. Thomas Ford, in his history of Tilf- nois, wrate as follows of Rock Island, §i connac. :iv.»nl with lis acoount of the Indian Warof 1e31: The vohunteers marched to Rock Istand nest morne mg (June 17, 1631), and -bere they encamped_for seve 4l days, prdcirely’wliore tis Town of Ituek Iebaud fa situated.” It waw (hen fu a completa stato of naturs, a -omantic wilderness, Fort Ariustrong was built upon & rocky cllif on hs lower point of an faland aesr the cenire of the river, & litla way abave; the thores on each side formed of gentls plopo of prairfe rxicnding back to biutls of considerabla helght, mada anoof the moat picturesque scenes i thy Western sountry, ‘The river Liere is a Loantiful seot of clear, swift-running water, abont three-quarters of & mile wide ; ite bunknon both sldes were uniubiabited except by Judiaus, from the lower rapids to the fort, sud tl!le royage up gircam, after soveral dags® solitary progress “iiounh a wildertiies country, came suddeniy 10 sighc of tho whitewasbed walld® and towers of tho fost, perched upou 8 rock, surrounded by graudeur “aud beauty of Nature, Lichat a distance gave 1t the ajnesrance of ane of shose enchanted castiea fn s unlubabited desert, su ol described In the Arabian Nights' Entertafuiumch CONROBORATIVE TESTINONY, Ezx-Gov, John Iteynolds, lu lls *Life and Times," corroburates the above in the following lauguager 1 IThe scenery around Tock Ialand ia not surparred Ly sny in the whole length of tha Misslasippd, It secsas 10 “though Nature lisd made an effort fu forming this teantiful sud picturesque country, Hock laland fladf " yreacnis s grand and fmposin spivar, siice, riaiig oub of ‘the waters of the Stiseleippi a soild rock, with many feet elovation, It §s several miics lung and thres-fourths of & mile wide, Tha rucks are covered with & fertile soll, Tho river washics sround M with » rapid curreptof pure and limyid water 3 and Liock River, s few miles south, (s +xen in tho distance, forving itu way with great rapid- 1ty ovee (ke rocky Tayids futo (be Pathorof Watery, o country around fs iuterspersod with beautiful sroves of tiaber, whick give Lo the sceuv 8 awcetness cud Leanty that §s rarely cqualed, The blus hills in fls distunce, dirccing the couree of the river, are scen on the norih snd south 10 rise with gentle alopea frow the water Lo constdersldo elovatious ; 1od he nl.‘\:ymhl-\mn{ Siobrasiug the per, a eoo mi , reagnt a vanety of surface O landacape niver surpamsed. ) © Hurface und beanty I have copicd the abovo extracts, the former written in 1847, the latter in ms&?"w show that language caunot exsggerate, if indesd it can fully describe, the natural besusy of leck fstand and its sarroundingy. e rfis::‘n-‘ma;lmn. Bock Ials sud vicinity figure prominently (o the yloneer hhwri of thoNorthwost, Tio bloge raply of threo Presidents—Harrison, Taylor, sud ~ Lincolu—is intimatcly connected with it, wot to mention other emiueny men who, though equally worthy, failed of the Ligh distluction, A carly a8 1804, Gen. Har- rison, atterwards Iresideut, made a tresty with reptesentatives of the Bao or Bavk Inaiang, at JeQorson Barracks. wear 6t. Louls, by which lhey ceded to the United Btates all their lauds eant 0f the Misuissippi for €3,000 worth of goods aud 2 rmall wouujty. Theee lands included liock Islaud and the oaguificent valloy of the Hock River. ‘Lo princiyal village of thie Sauks won Jucated near the conflueuca of tbo Hock nd *Aliesissippi Bivers. about 8 miles below Kooy leliud, whils the Foxes, who wwro TIIE CITICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, APRIL 3, 1875.--~-TWELVE P. tho alllce, rolativer, and [ricnds_ of o Baukn, lived on the presont sito of the City of Roek Ieland, According ta tradition, ILLAGE OF THE BAURS Dack at least whites, Cov. largest Indian villago in the West.” Gav, Ford saya it coueisiod of 200 or 300 lodges.”” Tha Ton, John W. Spencer, of this city, In his + Iteminisconces of 'ionecr Lifo,” deseriben Lo stricturo of theso lodges or wigwama na follows: ‘They were hullt by sefting posta In tho ground and rlding with bark from el frees, This bark, cut ale mast 7 feet long, varied fn width from 240 4 feet, ace cording 10 tha alze of tho Lree taken from, They had rafters, and on heso were laid small poles: npan the polea was Lid the bark, sking. A roof ihat tumed raln very ' well, Thelr wigwama for fall aud wiuler wso were very different, Deing of fiegs woyen fnto matling, whicn ranld be rolled up and enongh to cavor a wigwam carricd on ove horee, . 1t was ostimated that the village had accom- modations for 6,000 to 7,000 manls. the larger lodges heing 20 foet wide and 60 to 70 feet long, and dealgnad for from tyo to four families oach, Tvery considoration that conld appeal to tho Tu- dian” mind strengthened thelr veneration and attachment for thin willago. Its snlignily, tho number and durabitity of ila dwolliugs, tha rich~ ness of jta snrrounding fields, and tha sacred- news of its burial-ground, all tonded to mako 1t the spot abovo all otuora dearest to the tribe, INIIAN MOSTILITIES, A portion of tho Ssukw always donlad tha va- lidity of tho treaty of 1801, by which their lands wero coded to the United States, iack Hawk wan tho lioad of this fuction, while Keoknk was tho leader of thoso who ackpowledged the treaty and conformed to ite provirions, This disagreo- ment rosulled in a serious division of the tribe, and led to a series of conflicts with the oarly wettlors which cutminatod in the Dlack Tawlk warin 1832, Dont on vengoahco against the QGovernment for tho alleged crima of taking tho Iands of his peopls williont proper comprnase tion, Black lawk and his warriors joinad the Tieitlh n tho war of 1813-"14. Ilin servico, how- over, waa brief, whethor from lack of scalps or Inck of plunder does not appoar. FRONTIEN FROTECTION, "Tho ovents which led to tha building of Fort Armstroug on Rock Inlaud are Interesting aliko from their resultand from tho fulura omincuco of tho men who engaged in them. — Until 1814 our Government had no established military post in the Uppor Missiasippi Valloy. In the spring of that yoar the British were it undirputed posrcs- slon, with & fort at Trairio du Chien, 1 com- mand of Col. Dixon. In May, 1814, a flotilia of Viarges, manned by United States regulara and volunteors, left 8t. Louis for tho upper river, commanded by Gen. Clark. This oxpodition toached Prairle du Clion In eafety. * About twonty daya beforo thele arrival tho British Com- mandant Teft for Canada with hise ontiin force of regulars and Indian aifies, and Gen. Clark took poaceablo possession. e at oncs began tho erccton of o new fort, named Shelby, after the then Gover- ner of Hentucky., Clark returned to St, Louia aud organize A RECOND EXIEDITION, under Lisnt, Camphoil of tho United States army, to earry provisiuns and reluforcements to tho garrison at Praicio du Chion, Thia expedis tion cousisted of throo barges. It loft St. Louts in July. At Rtock Island it tied up for the night and ghie hoats were vieitod by hordoes of Indiand profura in their profession of friendship. Next morning tho bargen sct #ail and after running abant six miles & slarp wiud_drove Campbell’s Lont on a emai), bushy island. 'The treackerous redskius _maw thelr opportunity, They sram and boated the waTow channel, and under cover of the underbrush epened a murderoun tire on the unhapiy boat, Cawmnp- betl and bis men nde a brave fight, though himsolf wonnded, somo of his men killed, oth ers disabled, bis boat on fire, death or capluro tha ouly apparent alteruative, Tortunatoly, ons af tho othor boats of thooxpedition, under Capt. Rector, came to his reacuc, and earried off (‘t‘m living remnant of his crow. 1lin boat fell a prey tathe savages, and on its luwcious etorcs of beef, bacon, and beans, thoy had s rch fecat, Tho {alaud liaa over sluco been known as Camp- bell's Ietnnd, from this circunistance. In conse- quence of tho disastor the expedition returned to Bt, Louis with its two remaining boats, A TUIED EXPLDITION wan promptly organized at Jofferson Darracks, Miswonri, It consiated of eight barges aud 450 man, aud was put in_command of Maj. Zachary Taylor, afterwards President, This expedition left St. Louls in_Auguat, 1814, Ity uh}enl way not only to reinforco tho post at Prairiedu Cllen, but ta sweep tha river banks of tha cnemy and catablish o fort in tho very heart of the hou- .tila conntry. 'The failure of Campball's oxpe- dition, howaver, left tha littlo garrizon at Pralria du Cisfen an easy prey to the Dritish. ‘Tho fort wae captired, and with its fall tho entire coun- treas far sonth as Lock Island passed into the control of the Dritieh. Tina fact was ovidontly uvknown to Zach- ary ‘Tavler, =and. " when his oxpedition reached the mouth of Rock 1tiver, a few mules below Rock Islond, hio was aurfnluml by o largo foreo of Dritish and Indians, who dlurulc(l hig rnns:na up-streans Zachary anchored Liv boats in the channel for tho night, opposito a amall willow fsland. During the night, tho cnemy planted some cannon 8o a4 Lo rake his boatw, and ambushied their troops on the willow island, *Nough and Rendy " comprehended the pitita- tion, and, instead of walling to be attacked, ushed afl but twonty won to each boat on tho wland, aud * cfounod out” tho enemy, killing some, drowning others, sod driving tho balanco toan adjacent island. Dnt In tho meantimo that Iiritish batzery whacked away at Lis Loats, and, a4 thewo wore hia only moans of rolreat, ho wan finnlly compelled to ra-cmbark his men and float dowy stream, beyond rango’ of the cannon. A council of oficcra agreed that, in view of the great disparity of numbers, It was imprudent to renow tho attack, and tho oxpedition’ rutired to tho presest sita of Warsaw, where thoy landed and built Fort Edwards. Gov, Reyuolds quatnt- 1y and dublously writes: *‘I'eawin tho liarbor of 5. Louia the boats that wero in Taylor's bat- tle at Rock Ieland, and thoy wers riddled with cannop-balla. I think the balls were made of load; at any rate, thoy pierced tho boats consld- erabty," This expedition practically clorod the warin the West, ns F““ wes voncluded at Ghent in December following (1814). IUILDING OF FOUT ARMSTRONG, In 1818 Fort Armatrong was built on the lowor point of Ttock Island by u forco of regulats nl:ulcr Col. Lawrouce. A'tocal bistorian writea thuss ‘Thoy arrived at the mouth of Mock Niver, and er- amined the country for a wito for a fort, aud tho Te- sult waa the selection of the lower end of Iiock lsland as Mo most sultable goint, They landed on ook Island ou the 10th of May, InlG, A4 Boon s thoy Lad completed their ene canpment, Lo (Lawrencel emploved the saldicr to cut logs, and hullt eiorebousey for tho vrovisions, und had & bake-honso and_ oven put up, Tlis wan the sirst buildlng over crected on this faland, The soldiers now sat L worl S0 hullil (o fort, which was pamed Fort Armstrong,—in lLuaur of & formicr Heoeretary of War, ‘There wore at that {ime some 10,000 Indians living on the main shores and adjacons ta the isle and, to whom tha croctfon of the Iort way extremely distasteful, espeelally wo to Ilack Uawk and his baild of Banks. 1t asaured thoir final subjugation and their removal to tho west elde of tho Missiseippi, Fort Armutrong wan & wubstantiat structure af Bown logw, built iu tho form of & square, \whoso sides wers nhout 400 feot in fength. At each nouglo was s block-houso; loop-holea wero provided for the uso of musket. ry within ; & magazine, barracis, store-housos, and officors’ quarters wers erected within tho fnclosure, and soctions of heavy stone wall were Luilt for protection ngainst fire, It had a securo and romantis situation, and for twonty years wag the hoadquaitors of Qovernment authorlty in the Upper Mississippt Valloy, The island was rucccealvely commaudod by some of tho most emineut mllunrf men of two racod, aud {ty hle- tary ls closely [aterwaven with the early hifstory of tho yast Nortuwest, Chicfialns hko Kookuk and Hlack Hawk were succaeded by chioflaing like Scott and Taylor,—tu-day all afike mingling their dust with thy common ‘earth from which thoy sprung. And at this tims it inay be no dis credit to the two lstter to eay that the dipl: macy of b0 two former—thuir milita- :{ and exccativo -ability, and the remark- o skill with which they Lerformed the allotted duties of their wphere—oniv sirengihen our faith in the common brotherkcod of alf men, and demonutrate that genius is tho monopoly of mo 850, nor tribe, nov rece, AX EEA OF VEACR, From the bailding of the fort in 1816 until tho apeuing scenes of the Dluck Hawk War, the Li tory of Fort Armstrong preeeuts littla of mark interest, In 1924 tho Virginta, loated with vislous for the garslsou st Prabvie du Gk touched at the fort. This is eaid to bave buen the first etoswuboat which ever landed ontho islaud, KCln the '.’!mfi of gnauu-ry, 1829, the Rov. John inney preached tho firs wermon ever: deliveced on Rac] lhlmd. “ 1u 1556 Fort Armstrong was abandoned as a arrison, the troups boiug sens to YFloida to ke part in the Buwinole War,* JFrom 1310 to the openlug’ of - the Masiesn ‘War, tho Hfort was used as a_depot for anus and military etores, witor which it lapued Into decay und cedsed to Lavo a living Wistary, By a provision in Sae treary ot L, whicl y & provisios Teaty u! l, which way reaflinmed siter the War of 1812, tho Indisns wigse permibbed 1 edumy thekr Linds east of Lho /’. Miraisnippi Nivor ns long as the United Htatos continued toown them, Tho firet ecitlemonts mado on (ho lamds nesr Rock lsinud wna soma limo in 1324, When iha Bauks retienod from their annual hunt in tho epring of 1829, thay found thelr cornflolds and #evoral of their dwellings occupied by whites, 'rior to 1liig time, hawover, most of tha Lo tribes, under Lho leadersbin of Nookuk, Liad peaceably re- movad to tha west side of tho river, and estab. lisliod themselven near the preacnt eity of Fort Madison, 1, Tt Dlack Hiawk and his band clung to the olil Bauk village below Rock Ialand with determined pertingeity. Je continuod to deuy tho validily of tha treaty undor which tha United Stated claimed the Jands, and resolvell to ocenpy Lho anciont dwelling-placo of thoe tribo ot alt hazards, During 1829 aud 1R30 it scems tho aoorigines and thelr white meighbora lived” and enltivatet the land _ together in comparative peaco and harmony, Of courso, thero ywas an occaslonal neighborly quarrel over nome whito man's cow or pig which hiad ndvanced sufticiently in the grade of civilization ta defy the rude fences of the Indians, and, entering the tempting but forbidden trnek+patel, foast on tho growing corn and vegetabley. TIE ORIGIYAT, TEXPERANCE-CRUSADER, It is related, also, that Black ITawk, who ;n eo uncivilizad as to bo a tolal-nbatinence an, and oppored to his * bravea " using liquor in M‘f form or under any circumxtances, on ona occanlon went to & whito man‘a whiky-shop and tapped tho Dbarrels with his tomahawk, For this act Lo was reprimanded by the Indian Agent at Tort Armatrong, and tho asmo nct fignred in _tho It of *outrages" rocounted to COov. Teynolds to ald in improssing that oflicial with tho neceseity for calling ont the militia to wajntain tho mailena- blo righte of tho free-bom Ameiican whisky- suckar, ‘Tho winter hunting-ground of tho Sauka was in lowa, Thither thoy wont, after corn-husking, with all their movable ehatlels, and romained uvhl spring. Tho settlora near ltock Island hoped that”the trilio would not return to_their cld villago in 1831, Dut thev did, and they evidently camo back to stay. Thoy stored their meats; tho Industrions squaws begsn to plant corn, and Bllack Hawk notifiod the nottlers that at the closo of that seazon they must leavo, and sock homo and fortuno eleowhere, The settlers naturally felt for their scalps. Potitions -woro sont to Goy, Tteynolds for protection, which re- snited in a call for 700 militia, who rendezvonsed at Deardstawn, Of this forco Gov. Rosnolds in his * Lifo and Timea " saya: “ Tho brigade, or- ganized and marching in”tho Iargo prairios to- ward Rock Island, madw a grand display. Thia sminll army was composed af tho flowor of tho country, and norgeased rtrongg senseand unbound- cd onergy. Thoy alen pousesvod rather an oxcees of the Ludian {ll-will: ea that it required much rontlo persuasion to restraln them from killing indiecriminately all the Indians they mot." Gen. Gnines, of 1o United States army, alao prococded to Rocl Island from Jofferson Bar- raclia with & force of rogulars, 1le camo upon tho steamor Intorpriso, commanded by Capt. James May, ono of our oldest settlors and rivor men, Gen, Gaiues hela A COUNCIL WITIT TIIE. RAURS on Rock Island, whoro only resnit was to con- vioco him time tho Indians would fight beforo thoy would loave tha east side of thartiver. Tio advised a1l tho ecttters in the vicinity to retreat to Rock Tuland with their familice and movable property, Tlua they did, and the effectivo malo Portion’ sere thera organized inta n military company known as the Itack Rivor Naugers, Here John W. Bpencer, of this eity, was First Lidutonant of tho company, Tho volunteer force, undor Gon. Joseph Dun- cai, reachied the Rock River, opnoaita thio Susk village, and near the present sito of the thrifty ‘Town of Milay, on the 20th of Juno. Qun. Ganlues Lad poeted patt of his fureo, with & cannon, on tho binff overlookiny the Indian village. and was himealf on the Mttlo steamer Winnobago, rrmed by n amall forco with a swivel gun, which had ma'up Rock River and anchored: near whoro Soara’ flouring-mill now atands, It was supposcd tho Indiaus had ambushed on Vandrufl 'a Island, op- posito their villags, Lo meol the attack of tho whites. When ovorsthing waa ready, Gainos’ cannon openad an the {aland to drive the Tndisus from the bushes. But nota singto rodskin was chaged out, nnd when the rituation was mora eloaely invostigated it was discovored that Ilocle Iawk, with his entiro following, had alipped nacrosn tho Mirelsaippl the night proyious, and left his village tho nudisputed prey of tho whites. ‘The volunteers, with noble rage, PIRED THE 1XDIAN LODAES, end reduced this aucient seat of Indian clviliza- tion to aglier. Tho war cloted without a shot from tho fos, and the only material suffering it entalled on tho gettlers was tho loss of their foncea and tho invasion of their Lon-roosts by tha volunteera winle they lav at Rock Island waltlag to be musterod ont. Gen, Gainea and Gov. ltesnolds concluded a troaty with Black Iawk, at Fort Ammetrongz, Juue 30, 1831, {y which his entiro band sgreed to remain wess of the river. + Notwithstanding this troaty, in the epring of 1832 Dlack [awk mustered bin entsre fores and rocronsed tho Mississippl. During tho winter ha liad labored to combina the Iudiane of the Rock River country in & concon- tratod effort te roclatm thelr lands, An old Winnebago prophiet who fived on tho present site of Prophetatown, Whitesido County, ausured him that his effort wonld ba successful, Acting on {his dolusion, he pacicod his followors in canoes and crossed the river April 6, 1832, Gov, Ioynoldd saya his forco *‘amonated to 500 warrjors,—women, children, and doga in pro- Ebrli\)n,-—uml bt with them ail their horses, sgango, and woalth.” The llon. Iailoy ])n\-anrort. Mnyor of this city, informs un that Dlack Hawk labored with Keokuk, tha principal ehlof of tho Sauks ond Foxos, to join with iim in this afost to reclim their lands, Dut Keokuk refused, and nsed the oceasion to make one of thoso sloquent and impressiyd speeches to his tiiba for which Lo was noted, and dissuaded most of them from engaging in TIE FOOLIARDY ENTERUDINE, Dlack Hawk's real objective yioint was Fort Arm- strong, on Nock Island, Tho garriron then did not uumber over woventy-fiva to 100 offoctiva men, who, under tho skillfut tactics of Dlaclk Hawlk, would havo fallen an easy prey to his ravago troopera, Bonding hls baggage up Rock River in canoos manned "by tho nawa of tho tribo, ho stealthjly bronght lils fighting_force acroes tha intervening blufs b{ night and marghaled them on Rock Irland, abovo tho fort, Fortunatoly for tho garrison, a tarrific snow-storm delayed tho oporations of tho Iadlans, and by 9 o'alock [n the moruing the threateued fort receiveda boat-load of reinforce~ monts. Thus the great opportunity was lost. Biack awk withdrew hia force as stoalthily na ho hiad collectsd it ; $he fort wna saved, and ‘the disappointed savazes rojoined their wives and cantinued their journoy up Nock River. This was the opening of what is knawn as tho Dlack Hawk War, Acting on the fmportunitics of the cttlors, Gov. Neynolds called out 1,800 volunteers, who rondezvoured at Deardatown, Thoy wore put in_command of Gen. Whitosido, snd marchied to Rock [sland, where they uoited with the United Biates traops under Gen, At- kiuson, and followed the Iudiand up Rock Ltiver. A OALLANT ADNY, Among the forco was a regiment of rogulars commanded by Col. Zachary Taylor, and & compauy of volunteers commandod by Capt, Abraliam Lincaln, In the sogiment of the formos was & Bocond Lisutenant named Jeffer- son Davis, Though not lors noted than either of his compoers, his memory is scarcoly treay- ured with oqual respoot snd coneidoration. Although tha Black IHawk War of 1834 fignres prominontly in our history, tho only noteworthy oventa connected with it were tho baitle of Bill- man's Run, fought May 14, 15 miles shavo Dixon, in Leo County, anl the battle of Ilad Ax, on the Mississlpp, fonght Aug, 8. Tho lat- ter closed the war, and with it thomilitary careor of Black flawk, 'he remnant of Lis tribo re- (Ired to a roservation on the Iowa Iliver, whera Waclk Mawk died in 1810 av tho zipo old age of 73 years, ADYEXT OF OKN, 8COTT, On tha 7th of August, 1832, five daya after the Vattla of Lal Axe, ou, Winfleld Beott arrivad ot Prairs du Chlen. 1lo had loft Forirouy Monroe with & regiment of infanfry, under oiders from the War Dopartment, sud by rapid transit bad brougnt them to tho Northwest to sasist In qnelling “the [udian disturbonces. At Naflale, Detroll, and Chicage, he Ifound the Aulnstic chiolera pravalling, Loth amgng tho peo- plo sud the United Btates soldiors, Titia wag then » new diseasa in thy conutry and wes ex- [ veedingly fatal. proatly docimating the scanly garoisous on the frontier, 2 ¥rom Prairio dn Chien Gou, Beott went dowa thoriverto Fort Armstronyt, on ltock Teland, Thora wero then some 1,600 troops collected here. A virtent tvpoof cholers breko ont among them, which wes only chiceked by ecattor- iog the troops up the Jowamde of the river ln rnall encampmonts. It is esid that in vhis emergency Uen. Scott dintingnisned himwolf ay much by fiia perdonal atteution to the auffaring soltiers as ho evor did in bis most Lritliant vic. torics un tho battle.field, (en. Hauts called tho Chiefs of the Ssuks and Foxcs into coneil un’ Jock [utand, sud on 1ha 218t pf Heptombor, 1878, concluded n trewty yih theo, by W ihoy ceded to tho United States large torritory iu Tuwa, for an annhuity of £20.600 w{th o allowsuce of tobacco, flour, palt, pork, iron ete. . Asun itom of local interest it 1uay bo mon- tioned that 3tr. Joln ‘Thowpson, of this ci; HOW som0 §) yoars of age, woy & Hergoaub Zachary Taylor's ragimont, and participated in tho campaign of 1833, recciving & wound fu the ‘log 8t the battloof Dad Axe. THE ATMORY AND AUSENAT PROTNCTED, ‘The rrnjeet of a Westernorcentral armory and arsenal acema Lo liave beon entertatond by iho War Dopartoont at an carly dax, Tho rapid growth ~of the country ~anl the fach that it was [n the Wort und Bouthwest thnt onr army was chiofly neaded. naturally sig- Rosted tho economy if not the actual necessity for stich an entorprine, 1t was probably tho Lica that Nock Island sas tho beot locatlon for the fiuture great amenal which prevented its aaloand held it aa n military reservation, Escepting a quarter soction suld to Col, (eorgo Davenport, and a Iractioual quarter Lo D. 1. 8aars, no part of thoIaiand pnesed ont of Lho posseesion of the Govornmont. The above salos woro anthor- ized Ly rpocial act of Covgross, and (o lands thits Bold woro repurchisted by the Government whon tho work of Luitding the Rock Ifand Arm- ory was decided upon. 1t innesdices to add that thie orlginal aala wan not n good epeculation for tho Govaynmont, flnaacially, TUE 1SLAND YO BALT. 1n 1850 tho fsland had n remarkably narrow escapo. Tho Seerelary of War coucluded to offor it for sale at public auction. Gen, Mason was zont ont 2o executo tho ordor and conduct thosalo. Tho lands_ wero survoyed and adver- tised and tho day fixed for tho safo, den, Ma- non, howover, was 8o deeply Impressed with tho tenuty and uiility of the island that hio tool tho liberty of romonstrating against tho cale. Tho surrounding seitiers also sent a remonntranco to Wanbington and asked that tho ralv bo aban- doned or at least postponed. Tho day of ralo srrived withont reply from Washington, Tho hour for tho salo had come, and with great roluetanco Gon, Masou atarted to (ho is- lanil to oxecnto lie order, when, fortunately, Lic was intercopind bya telegram from the Hecrolary of \ar, ordering the enle postponed. Thua Ttock Island was saved tothe notfon for lho grand uso to which It §s now being appropriatod, In 1841, a nulitary comminsion, conposod of Gen, Armistead, Co{ Long, and Burgeon-Gen- oral Lawsou,was sont out to oxamine and report upon A BITE FOR A WEATERN AUBENAL, Amonzz atlior poluts, - thin Comtnlesion visited Rock Island. TLo ity roaliz- ed tho Imporlance of coltivating thicza gentlomen, and, among other dewonstra~ tionm, got up & grand Immfim‘t in their bohall, A prominent citizen of Tock Inland was ap- lnomtn(l to preside and malke n_suitable address o tho dintinguishod gucsts, 1N remarky wero Driof, snd wero #ontoshat a8 follows 1 CINCEAN ELOQUENCE, QrsTLEsEN : Woare in the midd of a valley which can provislon tho world, We liava water-yower whiel cantura the apindles of o yation, We_lisve coal anid timber (n quantities ineshoustiile, Wo have n soil cqualto tho Valley of tha Nilo fo richnoss, and o ciimat which strire death of fia terrors, Wa hava neonery unmurpasned i Leauty,—iu ehort, gentlemen, for an”lumblo fnidisidual Ifke' myself to atiem porlray tho Lieautlea ainl adyantagen of thls locality, would Lo liko casting poarls bofore swine. Tho Commisiton smiled at this burat of clo- r{umlcu. but maintained a dignifiod aflenco. Next day tho spokesman of the occaslon met the Ilon, .Ynluepu D uox, an old and lonored resident of city, now n praclicing attorney of Chicago, at did you think of myapeech?” was {ho fires query. ” **It wna very flno," wsld Knox, wonly [ thonght vou made a little mistuke.” *Whiat was that 2™ Well,” gald Kpox, “ vou alluded to your adidress as casting poarls befora swins,—dou't you ace, you made pearls of ?vnur romarks, and d—a hoga of the Commisslon? "Tho snealier, it is presumed, esw the point, Tho banquot avidently failod of its intended &ffect, ‘Thy Commisaion raturned to Washing- ton and roported in favor of Fort Massac, on the Ohio River, aa the site for tho Weatern Arsenal, In nccordance with ihis renort we undorstand work was actually begun """”J’"""’ but wiser «counsecls subzequontly corroctod the mistako of the Commizajon, and recognized tho suporior advantages of Tock Island as the sito of tho great contral srmory nod arscur! of the country, Asking the pardon of tho reader for this nomowhat 1 enthy proluds, detaling thoe earlior hintory of Tlock Island nnd tha Indirect events whicly finally established it an the vite of the ua- tion's grand central armory and arsanal, I, at tho samo time, beg the priviloge of auotlier lotter, Riving the presont condition of thowork and tho deeigns of tho Ordnance Departmont in cou- nection therewith. While the enterprise is nn- tlanal in character and jmportance, 1t 18 practi- cally local to the great Northwest, and no fnfor- mation concerning it cau fail to be intorosting to our peoplo, L. M, I1AVEUSTICR. e L “CONTEMPT.” Some resseConiments YWhich Wil Not Appeur in & The Times?? Detrolt Trivunr, A nowspaper grown tlch ana powerful, and controlled by n Charles A, Dann, a James Cor- don Bennott, or & Wilbur I, 8toroy, pronoses to tolerata no Interforenco with its liberty to say und do Just what it pleasos, and takes rofuko under the sounding name of *the freedom of the press ™ for Ita justification, It will turn it~ soll foto A maral peatilonce, It will load down its columns with every detail of crima thaf it can industiiously gather from overy quarter. Noth- ing shall bo too shockivg or too Indecent to bo eproad beforo tho public; Indeed, the more grozn tha details the better. No copsiderations of the effccta npon the community, or the dis- tress visited apon iunocont individuals, are to bo allowed a feather's weight, A dopraved public tasto craves this pabulum, and, furnishing it, in- flames and increnses thie appetite. Thus monsy s made, tho facilities for supplying useful news that every busincs-interest inust have are multi- plied, aud the paper forcos itself upon tho de- cm‘l portion of tho community while fluding a welcome amang the depraved clasaes, and avery- whero sows thick tho sceds of moral disoase. in doing sll this it muat not ba intorfered with. ‘Fho petitiona of iis decent readors aro sncered at, proleets are visited with ribald denunciation, and anuuuun is met by persistont attacks up- ou oll partice conuected with it, gouerally so ma- liciously adroit as to dodge tho logal peualtica of alibol, ~ For this freedom Lo ba a law unto itself, aud alteruately s torror and a nulsancs to all de- ceut peoplo, the modern newspaper of tha Chte cago Zinies and the New York Sun stripe aro roxdy to do battle, and invite all respectabie Journals to join them on account of the general principiea involved. We do not proposo to bo in a nurry in acoepting the invitation, St Paul (Winn,) Deees, Tho circumatances of Btorey's caso ssparato it by a wido line of dewarkatlon from the broadest powyible dotinition which can be given of the lib- erty of the press or of tho citizen to criticisa the Courts, . . . Tho offense waa tho sama {n {8 natnre as it Ar. Htoroy hiad writton o eeries of lottera Lo tho mombera of the Grand Jury, " blackguardiug them as male etrumpots, cto., and throstening to exposothoir private sius, uud to hupt them down with calumny, If they dared to perform the duty imposed upon thern Ly thoironths., . . 7, t must be ad- mitted that Btorey's caso |5 an oxtrems aud ox- coptional oue, and that, 3f it doss not fall within thu liue whore the oxaroise of the judicial power of pualshment for contempt iscloarly justiiable, it liod 80 cloeo upon thio boundary s to e burdly distinguishiablo from the most flagrant cnso of contempt in the presence of the Court, Huston Globs. Whether wo are to look upon it a8 a triumph of tho pyoss ovor law, or as s picce of judiclal Lluudering, ono thing is certsin, that the release frum prison of a Caicago editor by a Judgo of the Bupremo Court, on o simple telegraphio cssage, 18 8 novolty In legal ctiquotte. Bhould it Lo fouud that this mode o filmccdum is allowable, tho Lonotits wonld ba incalculable, For instance, Judgo Nehson ‘might ga on a shiort vacation duriug oné of the arguments of counsel, and telograph his rulings, iustead of sitting {brough thewa sud hoosing at tho ond : * Your lonor will pleaso noto onr excoption,” New flacen {Conn Palladium, Mr. Btorey, the editor of the Chicago Times, wmay porsibly he, sa Lo bas taken pains to sesitro us by tolegrapls, tho victim of su unjust Judge, butho baa loug pursued & courso of rocklers dof. nmation and ecurrilous siandor that robs him of suy claim to sympothy, It speaks woll for the civitization of Chicags that e has not boon lony stnca shot down Iiko & 7abld dog, i paper i ore neandalously sudeceny than the Jerald usoa to Lo before it toox to'virtuous paths, 1Itiy ovon more noscrupulouy thiss the shoot edited by Mr, Charles A. Dana, Laguyetts ({nd.) Journal, Thero id certamly o ditforauco hetweon falr { exitcii o1 tha oiticial acts of aUrand Jury, auld wtiguatdzlog ts members personally, sud in sweeping collectivo torms, us *male sirumpets,” * buwigers,” ** frequenters of brothels,” +* compe ey drunkands,” ¢ gumblers,” and disroputa. bie men, * Yhle s certaiuly azcaeding tho bounds of ?\lul eriticiuto, unil descending to vilo abune, which 1o plea of ** liberty of the press " shiould eover or cxcuse, This is nat liberty, but tho mont dangerous and unwarrsutable liconse, 3 Ainneayolia (Hinn,) Lribune, Hloroy {e o man who, as an editor, hag outraged ulf $he propriotics of Journulism, and done us muchi o nng other one man to prostitute tho profession and Diieg it into dierespoct, On punnrsl principles Lo i not entitled to one par. ticlo of bysopatby srowm biw brotler-editors orthe publie, Dubique (fu,) Tines, On gener! principles ¥ Would uot be amias to w:;l r. Hiotey $0 prison, sud to kevp him 210 WISCONSIN. The Politicnl Situation In the Badger State. The Republican Party Can Easily Carry the*State Next Tall, That s, if Tt Is Well OMcered and Well Handled, Some Roforonces to O, 0, Washbura, Matt H, Oarponter, T, 0, Howo, and E, W, Eoyes, *To the Edttor of The Chicana Tybune: Minwaokex, March B1.—Tho politleal eitua- tlon iu Wiscousin {s extremely Interosting, and, at tho present niomenk, {6 may in truth bo sakd that Loth of the great parties aro in an oxcoed- ingly orlticnl conditlon. No Siato in the Unlon Just now offora both sides such strong induce- maents Lo labor with a rensonablo hops of success nest fall; in no otlier Stato aro tho chances of vietory apparently so evonly balanced ; no Btate, North or South, 1880 peculinrly situated in re- gatd to focal complications ; and no othor Btato presonts a moro fruitful fiekd for both political partica to cultivate, than will bo found in Wis- consin during tho spprosching summer aud autumn. Jct ug GLANCE AT THE PAST for a moment, in order that wo niay fully appre- clate aud compreliend the present, even it wo do not attempt to divino the future, For eighteen yoas, beginning in 1867, the Ro- publican party has held undisputed sway in Wis- conein, clecting andall, liarvey, Salomon, Lowis, Falrchild, and Waehbnrn, to the Exceu- tive oftico, ond controlling hoth branclics of the Legistature, duriug all thoso eventful years, by vary Iavgo mojoritios ; a0 that, whatover of gool or il come 1o tho peoplo of the Commonwealth by reason of laws onact- edand euforced, tho Htepublicans took credit for tho good, or boro tho blam for that which was wunjust. Tho Hiato voted tho Ilepublican ticket for Presidont by much larger majotiries than it did for Stato ollicors,—Mir, Lincoln's last yota reaching over 25,000 majority,~zand both of Grant's votes showing nearly double tho ma- Jority that waagiven for tho Ropublicen Gov- crior who wae chiosen $ha noxt yeara sfter his election, The party was compnot, well organized, well disciphned, well oflicored, rosoluto, unitod, sud courageoun. 1t deeorved the sccers it achioved, und tho peoplo cruwned it with viutory becaneo it waa faithrul to its principles, and beeauga ita principles were corract, and itn leaders honcal and consclontious men, Lat, in 1873, tho poswer of this grand old party was brokeny its once victorious legions” wero dotoated aud overthrown ; fho old flag that bad waved in triumph over a hundred Lattle- flelds was trampled in the dust, and its traditional enomy took possossion of tho garrigon. QGen. Washbyrn sarrendered to Gen. Taylor; a Qrangor eat dowa iu the Lxocutivo Chair, and the rogimo of the mo-called Reform pacty commenced for tho first time In Wiscousin, Taylor's majority was over 15,000, and it wns a3 much of & eurpriso to Lim ne it was to the aupporters of Gov. Wash- burn. Tho last-named gentleman had served omo dterm nm Govarmor, and it {8 tho uniform testimony of all Lonorablo mon of both publio parties that Wisconsin never had o better Executivo oficer. All agreo that ho was lionest, pure, faltuful, sble, of unbendlng in- tegrity, and snimnted by thio best Intentions to do bis utmost for the good of tho whols people. That euch a conscientlons and expericnced publio sorvant should bo stricken down, aud an untried wan_inatallod in bis placo,~tspeowmlly when Mr. Washburn's party was known to ba’ largely in tho ascondant in the State,—was a surprise and a puzzlo to nll who judged from a super- ficial viow af tho canvass, Tut the fleotest raco-horsa that wos aever trained for tho course mar bo #o heavily handicapped that o will'loso tho toy, sud Washburn was die- tanced two yonrs ago by reason of tho dead wolghts that ho wasmado tocarry, Tho Graham law was one of tho acts whick alienated noarly all tue Gormans from him, and united tho liquor interest bolld againgt bim ; tho railronds wers all opposed to him; tho tlcket was bur- doned with at least two unpopular caundidatos, that welghod hieavlly § and, tlually, worst of all, 3lr, Matt I Carponter, thon a maomhor of the United Btates fenate, made & speech nv, Jancaville, tn which ko dofehded tho ‘back-pay aud frout-pay salary-grab acta of the precoding Congress, and thus com- mitted, ac far as it was in his power 03 a Hopub- lican Heuator to do so, tho Ropublican party of the State, including Washburn ond the Hiato ticket, to thosa lufamous noasuros ; and, tomake tho whole thing sttll more odious, lie went out of hisway to apologiza for and defond tho Credit- Mobiher swindlo, Look at tho resuit! Thirty. oight thousand Nopublicaus who voted for Grant in 1872 ptald nway from tlo polls in 1873, and did not vote ot all, Others voled the Hoform tickot a4 a temporary axpedient to punieh and bring back to its sonscs tho party that thoy loved, but which had gone asiray. o much for the past, THE VIESENT AND TUE FUTURE aro full of encouragomant, warning, aud lhope for tho Republicans, and may have nomo loa- wona for their opponents, From a Reform suc- cass in 1878, that carried iu tho wholo Btata tioket and o mrn majority in tho populur branch of the Loglalature, tho State swuug back ta Topublicaulsm in tho fall of 1874, clecting _ thirty majorlty on jomt ballot of tho Logisfature, aud senuring a United Htalos Honator and fivo of tho olght Mom- bers of Congross. Iut the dofoat ot tho Democrats wax only pattial § for, whila thoy lost tho Legislaturo aud tho United Btatos Sonator, thoy gamed one momber of Congress, quite uu~ uxtocludly, in what was considorod o gafo Ite- pul lican district ; aud they carried tho Stalo by o small majorily on tho popular vote, This en- courages them to boliove that thoy will bo able to carry the Stato agaia npxt fall for Qovernor, and ta hold ik for their candidata in tha great Lresldential raco of 1876, 1 raight sy, in passing, that 3r, MoDill, who wad boaton by Judge Cate in tho Eighth Dis- trict, was tho only Canixrcualonul candidete who oponly avowod himself tu favorof Mr, Carponter's ra-clection ta tha United htates Scuate 3 uud the result of anck avowal la beforo the publie. Novo of the other Ropnblioan sandidatos did so declare himsolfy and it is eafe to predich that M. Melill would not do 80 agwin, i the oxe eriment was to be ropoated. 13ut moro of this Souatorial busfuess at anothor time, when 3, Carpeates's defoat, in all its longely, braadth, and thickness, will bo fally dlecussed, At prosont it 1u sulliolont for my purposo to conalder TUE ¥ROBFECTS OF TUB REPUBLICAN PARTY, its numbers, fl;zmlns condltton, tho ablhty snd sagacity of ils leaders, and the probe able' result of the contest that (s to como off next November, Loth partios will bo tuapited with the hopa of victory, and, ns I Lave showa, not without reasonablo expoctations of nuccess at tho polls, which will incite both slden Lo put forth oyery effort to gain the day. The llopublican me hns an undoubted majori- ty in tho Btate, §? itavoters can bo held in hne fn support of {ts candidates, and rallied ut tho polly on ¢lootlon-day, Dut tho grand old party has {'uap been torn ssunder aver the eloction of u nitod Beatoy Honator, and the wounds and am- putatod hmbe that Wwero brought away from that oosanguined fleld ere .uthl sore and blgeding; aud it Iy too early in gho carmpaign to speculate upon the eltéots of that contest upon tho result of tha noxt election, My, Carpouter's friends are still wullen and [y cousalablo over thelr aefont, while it may be said that those lepublicany who aided fn his ovor- throw ara doternunod to Lo neither road out of tho party vor to surronder it into the sbsolute coutrol of tho vlug that Carponter aud Lis wup- porters orgunlzed, The Carpenter wen fucl that thoy were cheated out of (he election of their wau after o hnd obtsinod the yegulur caucus nomination ; but to this their oppouents make angwer, ihat the nomluntion was ob- tained by s sort of larcony, aud taat it is notoiously true that Alr Curponter waw not the cholce of » ml']orlty of the Republlean party, Tho disgraco of the soe tion of those who rofused to support Carpenter way wholly wiped out by tho’ election of a man who s Mr, Carpentor’s oqual n ever; unhuil ox- cept oratory, whowe baptiem into the lepublican party autedatos Matt’s by soveral years, sud who'in Warhiugton yocently gave aid and com- forc to tho llopublican csuso aud party, =s au ollsct to tho rellring Hooator's Democratlo specch on the cfvn-mghu bill. Car~ peuter's lueb will ' aad geotamont b0 the Rofublican party was a 8poach nealust tho polioy of tho Mopablicas Admimetraion, mAds upon (ime nssiened to him by the Damae craty, and which was applandnd by svery Vemoaratic Senator thut followed In the” dabato, It wes Mr. Carpentor, and not Ar. Cameron, thiat ought to hinvo been voted for by the Demo- ciate for United States Sonator. becauno tLo Iato Sanator wonld bavo renderal them valnable norvice, no donbt, {n the eix yeara tocome, which seom alicady preanant with groat and exciting national ovents. Tho Democrnoy of the State ara the mistake thoy made now mich more Platuly than they did on tha 31 of February last, ithen Mr, Camaran was olected. 1ACK OF LEADERSINE. What tho Iepubliean party of Wisconain niceds f“"’ now as much na anything olso, {8 competent undmhw.—lo pln Ita_campaigns, inspiro it with confldonce, and lend it on to \'lclor{. Mr. Carpontor’s rotiracy 1s no loss to it in this wpoct, aa it {a notorfonsly trio that Lo was in no AenAn nloader or party-mponagar, OF oyen an or- \lmnr&' politieian, clas lio contd not have boon de- foated for ro-clection with his party strongly in the ascondant in tho Legislature, and all the ma- clinery of tha party, tuoluding all ths ofiletal atronago, prozent and prosnective. {n hisliands, Tho sanio mav be esid of Lis old antagonint {n tho Bomntorlal roce, Mr. Washburn, lio I8 quito as incapablo of Lolping Timsolf ns Matt is, elko hio would not have peiniitted himself to havo baen ln;ilurlmwly defeatod last winter and driven frotu the fleld, with o cloar majority in his favor. Tivory man who knows anylhing about it knows that Mr, Washburn was the first choico ot tho peoplo of tho btato for Benator, and, if the election had taken place during the firat weck of tho sesefon, ie would have been chogfen 3 but ho sat stitl, and ** Boss " Koyes and hin supnorters literally stolo his men away To- from I, Dosides, Mr, Washbum's defest for Qovernor, and his defeat for Hen- ntor, havo ~practieally put bhim out of tho ficld for the present, although no man ever stood higher with the people of the Stats than hio who has sorved them so honeatly'and so wall. 1lis sorvicos will bo nsoded yot in a higher si:hore of dutythan suy to which It is in the power of his cliosen Stato to call him, While it oannot bo said of Washburn that ho ever led the Tiepublican party of Wiscopgin, (¢ is still an ad- mitted fact that ho haa represented it moat faith- fully and signally, bath {u Congress aud in {ue Lxecutive oflico, AEXATOR TIOWE. Sonator Ifowa would make n capitalloaderof tho party now, in its present critical condition, it it was not for bis conatitutional consorvatiam, that cripplen his enorpzies and weakens his inlluence, 1l possonsca all the wisdom, skill, knowledgo of party tactics that are necersary, and recruits his ranka woll in Lis apeocties from tho stump : but ho Incka tho courae to move his army upon tho en- omy's worke after {t la drilled, srmed, and equipped, Like Gon, McClallan with the Army of the I'olomac boforo Richmond, Howa would got his troops in aYlundm fighting condition, hut ho would nevor fight thom. e lacks tho ng- grearive qualities of tho warrior, and, 2 o leads ntall, it mustboby the enunciation of impor- tant privciples and’ party policies that will rally Lo hosts, tnatead of rolying upon ** blasts upon hia buglo-horn " to summon bis followare, attar tho mannor of Rhoderick Dhu. Howe hasalwava been much mora of a partisan than Carpenter, aud at home and in Congross ho has always Leon more dopended upon to ** keep Wiz gait” and atand by tho party, and thorefora Lias been moro trusted and looked up to by tho rank and filo. Howao's great popularity with tha Repablicans of Wizconein may be inferred by tho render, if ho doces not alrcady kuow it, whon the fact is called to mind that twico the Scnator has been olected without oven tho formulity of = eaucus to nominate him, sud " in tho Jolut Conventlon ho received overy Ropublican voto. ‘Thin in a braco _of cumr“monln rarely paid toa public man, and it may in truth bo gaid that it is vary rarely & public aman in thoss degencrato daye descrves tham, 1lowe's groatest mistako was his offort to Lielp his coflengue to a ro-clec- tion Inst winter ; and what is known now ns tho “ Markbam lottor,” writton in tho interest of Carpontor and against Wasbburn, has bad tho elfeet to cool the ardor of many warm frienda of Semator Ilowe. Dut it wns only tomsing a plank to » drowning man who was about to sink out of sight forever benealls tho angry surf of our ditty politics, and ——Whose bulililing oy, Tdko some strong swimier ii Lis Lgo.2s « ia atill ringing in our cars, ‘I'ha peoplo, who know enough to elect Timo- thy O. 1lowa three times to tho Sonato of tho United Btuates, woro also competent to reject his bad advice given in fayor of an Wnruly and naughty publio servant, whom they had takon in hand to disoiplino and pumisn; aud wo the Henator's friendly lottor wus void and of no of- feet. As thnt opietle was tho offspring of Lind. nees to s follow-sinnor ta_groat distress, it will cortainly bo forgiven and forgotten when tllo ex- traordinary circumstancesthatcalled it forth havo pansed away; aud pass away thoy soon must, to- gether with all recollcction of tho bitternens which wan engendered thereby, U'ho statuto of limita- tion ought to be pormitted to run on men's hatrods, a8 well ns npon their dobts, Henntor Howo feols very cordial towards our newly-clected Benntor Cameron, and they will worle well togother, with the utmost harmony nnd good fellowship, to advanco the intorests af the Republican party in tho State and Nation. Howo expressos tho opluion that tho party in Wigconsin s really bottor off, if It is proporly handlod, than it ether Washburn or Carpenter Liad Loca olected to tho Sounto. Thogo to men, without intonding it, bod soparated tho party into two violout and combative factions, each anxious to lavo tbo other knock the chip from {ts shoulder, o that an cxouss fora DIt of a shindy might Lo afforded, - With theso two bolligorent chioftians disarmed and doprived of their commands, and tho private soldiers par- mitted to choosa their own ofiicers, it In reanon- ablo to indulge tho hopo thst the Ropublican army may bo ngain united, sts docimated ranks fillod up with pew recruits, its demoralized von- dition be onred by ordor and disclpline, and its careor in the futuro made as grand snd auccoss- ful asits past bistory has been briltiant and glorious. TUE CUAIRMAN OF TIE ATATE CENTRAL COMMIT- TEX. Ono of tho most important things to bo dono in ordor to rcorganizo the Ilepublican pasty in 1hin Btate, and put it_in good firhiing trim, ia to displaco BIr, E. W. Koyes as Chafrman of tho Btato Central Committce, and havo & man in whom the entiro party hns confidonce placed in tlio porition. Ieyes has many oxesllont quali- tios that it hita for that oflico, but unbappily thoso good sttributes aro neutralized aud de- stroyed by {firmltics of tompor; aud Lo plavs tho oxtrome partisan botweou membors of his own party, when +ho should simply be sn impar- tinl aud’ oaudid wspectator. The troublo with Koycs 1is, that lo cun no mora koop hl4 fingers out of a contest goiug on bo- tween Republicans than a bolligerent Irlshman car hide his shiliolah when the tight is freo and thora ata nlnnl{v of hoads to crack in plain nlrht. Any man who falrly comprehionds tho functions of the ofice which Mr. Ioyes now accupies, would naturaliy concelve it to Le his duty to stand sloof in n contest for the United States Sonato be- twaen worthy and eminent mombors of his own party, snd leavo the settloment af thie cane to the wisdom and deliberation of the Logistature, Tho Ropublicau party certalnly did not eleck Mr. Koyca Chnirman of lis Central Commitieo, and clothie hiim with tho oxtyaordinary powers of dic- tator {n cases that require all the good sonso and exparionce of the entire organization, But Mr, Koyes always Las lus **winto” aud his pro- gramme ready-made, and generally also he lins tho ways and means provided to carry out his schomen and fulfitl whatovor ho undoriskes, But not nlwaya, A good atory is told of his froedom to mix ju party affairs that don't concern him, which runs in this wises A Vost-Ofiice iu ons of tho back towus in Qconto County, whoso yearly rovenus 10 the Postimasier was only {hree dloliars, was o eourco of 1auch annoyance to tho lon, Thilotus Bawyor b‘ reason of yonaated rosignations of the Postmasters, body wanted to be bothorad with it, oftice was too important to tho !Jm%nlhilx twluh:h xt 'lli(luu!l.'d ls é: o no bright morning, Keyes and Eawyor met In the rotu“ndl of mn%npkzl at Washiugion, when Carponter had recaived tha canena nomis Eailtug to eavo hin friend, It waa though (% e wonkd be adrott ehongh to pavo hinwelf by unitlng his forsen 1pon fOMo comproming und’ date, ol thos hiold his fnthwance ovor e 1o Bonator by having nided in his olcction: Tut jim oxigenoy of tho batils pasnad withon ity tho wivantago of it, and hoth Senntor and Gl man wera overwhelmed fn the Waterion ng dule; Lo gathier, Kaves onighit to ““accept tha roanlty of the war,” and step down and ont, withont Any iy, thor saccmouy, me 1t tho wtverea) bnifaf (1o such o courae on Lis part will b preductivy of ;T:\‘co and unity in the Republioau party of the ato. 1 Intended to present Rame of tha di snadangom Lt contrant thoomoeratiepern 3 the tatog but I find thix lottar hus growhon liands Lo such an extent that I loave the Reform nth of tho politieal situation for another [ casion. SOUTHERY WINTER-RESORTS, A Eow More Detnlls 0f 8te Auzunting Sudden Changes—SensWallaohjoe, tions 10 Floridu—-Summary of gy, 1forts=A Good Word for Charies, 10n, Savannah, and New Orlenns, Speefal Corresponenca s I'hs Chicano Tribuny, Ciantstox, 8, O, March 25,.—For over tren, ty yoara [ haso beon an intorestod and roguyyy reador of Tur TotnoNe (not for ita malu poy. ical tendencios, but In spito of them), ehiefly fo its steady progress, Ita oulspokon words of g, nunciation of humbugs, and tho proscalation of bare-faced truth toits renders, and ils encoyy. ngement to correspondents to o {ho eamy, Ilear mo for tho causo of THE INVALID, Lam of that niimerous class, sit/l Vingering heyy * bolow, coming nuder tho head of Invalids, I heon dolng protty well in Clicago and viclnity for yonrs paet, thongh nob aatiroly well ; eon. cluded L would do better ; went to Florida, and —didn't! Tho kimile you will rocognize ns tho case of that diasatisficd man who was well, wielicd toty better, took physle, and now rosts fram hig i, Lors in Ioschilll FLOLIDA AND CICAGD, To go to Florida and not visit St. Augnstine, it for a IToosior to como to Chlongo and not stop ¢t oua af the grand Lotels and read the momipy TamoNe at broakfast! Bo I went to St. Augns. 1ino, some 363 yoars nftor tho other man, gy told you in my numbor one, if you got it ; andp simply wish to add to the things tlen eald fhy tho sun was out the noxt day nud up to 83 ds groes, and tho following morning tho thermeme. ter was down to 49 degrees, with another tapd. blow. AGL AND ANTIQUITY. T have great rospact for the ramnants of (- quity, whother of tha dead past, or tho linzoring on sarth of the yot feehlo living. DBul, wheny wida-swate Now-Yorker, undor 40, opens his ho. tol in Bt. Augustine and other places, aud meets you afar off at various Inudings, and coaxes you 1o his lair, with glib cloguence of thess localan. tiquitics, and tolls you, though his hotol is full to-day, *it will bo all right in the moring'sxd for fhio time boing rooms at o lovely cottyzs awnit you, on the leading commorcinl s treei, with an ontlook on tho “groat Hos Wall" tua keeps back the * swells of occan ;" aud when, fn fulillmont of thoso pledges, you aro, shonly -nftor arrival, dumped at tho door of a littlo ye- Tow Liouso,—in which, by tho by, I recoenize the Dbaggago-man of our frain, With hia dusky brster man, both clover follows, and bothof when seen to be occupying apartments In and abous #aid yollow houso,—-and am compelled tobear all this, of courso Imust growl. 1laving * vior. od tho landscape o'er,” and boing of a practical turn of mind, with a foot-rulo in my pocket, 1 fud this loading straot just 13 feet” 9 jnehes across, A for tho **Hea Wall,” olevated in ax- bient air, the prido and Loast of thio guldo-boais, on which it 1 eaid lovers dance quadrilles by moonlight, and promenado four abreast until morning; on which, at revellls, tho enrly mom. ing-drill of rogimonts {s bad, ete.,—of thisgrad &xmnluuado lot mo giva you tho dimensions: ‘rom tho nbutting streot to tho top of the ml is nuravorago of 22 tches, and the top stouesso 29 juchen aordns | SNOWDS, FLEAB, AND DISPATIAFACTION. All the, lcldlngxlncec!hrour,llmlt thoState, in cludiog Jacksonllo and tLo ontirs lepgth of tho Bt. John’s Biver, aro now, and havo beenfs: gomo eixty days past, overrun; and swhenyou combine In ouo grand total mean accommoli- tous,—includlng tho want of frash food,—ike audden changoes of weathor, tho nevor-cesucg depredationa of tho gand-tles, tho well-known nong of tho mosquito, tho todious inodes of travel mado neceesary in your visitings,—I ss suro you tho threo to glx lours of balmy wether yout really meeb with weekly, with the grand emmry of fiving nt, and always missing, tha gen. tla nliigator, wfio shods his ekin much oftcoer than thoys historle tears, In + O ADIQUATE CONBIDERATION, a1 a burly darkey said to mo the otber day nhea 1oMerod him adollar to onrry mo ovor & black, mnddy stream, fo tho {ntortor, on hin back, Tho baliny woathor of tho guide-books, snd tho genarsl idonof viattors ta Florida, aro alare coupled with pulling sweot-flavorod oranges from thoir paront stems. Tho Biate and peopls of Florids aro poor, and the crops of choica grovoa aro sold early to tho donlors of Savanoal, Charloston, and_Noyw Orlaana, for use and ship- mbut, and but few cholco ones romain, and ¥4 dozon is the loweat price asked o Florida, FLACES TO 00 TO, T mako bold to say that the averapa Chitago bnaineas-man, slck or wall, who shall have teken f\lnl such a lrlu as 1 have, vis Now Orlesns, M2 bilo, Mantgomory, Macon, Tlorida In detsil, Savannal, avd Charleston, will sottlo dows ca this s0lid basia: that, if you wish forn * winker. rosort " of an avorago mild climate, you will pis out, In the ordor named, Charlestan, Bsvaatab, and New Orlonna; go direct to tho ono eleeled; aud, whon through, go bomo, Tho hotels 3 hoarding-houses are ?w" at eithor city; climie tho best' to bo found; the threo cities ora the lLandsomest; and moro sonrces of amneemen and reflnemont sro centered thors than insoy places outsido of Chicago. Let the peoplo knaw tuo truth, and thongh I may bo too Inte to do much good for thlsses o, yet put it on record for thio Iuwxcuhum THE JUCILEE SINGERS. To the Editor of The Chicago Tridune: Ciricaao, April 1.~ ‘bollovo tho interests of tho public, as well as ustico to tho JubileaSiog: ors, demand that the troupa uow einging nocer that pame in Chlcago bo exposed, Ielswell known that the Jubilco Bingors ara a compaoy of studonts from Fisk Univorsity, who, starting oub threo years ngo, undor tho ausplcea of the Amorican Misslopary Assoclation, Lave won for themselves tho higheat indorsomont in thiacoun® try and in England, not ooly on accoust of the grout excollenco of thelr einglng, but also0n account of tha nobla object to ralso money & build and ondow o eohool for tho educstios of blacks, ‘Tho remarkahlo muccess of this com: pauy bas brouzlit maveral counterfeit tronpeh inta oxistence, whio, taking tho namo Jub ll'!l Hingots, dogoiva tha public, aud moat nojushy dofauo the company whooa name thoy use. 08 of theso counzerfult troupen i now uln};h::d Chicago, J wont to liear thom sing last Tuck !‘Y ovemug fo Unlon Park Church, nndlc:j""’ conaelve of o greater wrong thun iy juflice ”“Il‘; on tho Juvilous by tho singlng *shouted ‘ that audionoo under the namaof Jubiloselvg “E’ 'Lliero was a very small audionico proseat ‘! the next duy was flaunted in tho sight of, traveler, oi Madizou strook, between s and Clark slroots, tho_lie, +Jubjlea Biucersi Crowdod Ax tho fraudulent charactor of this cnmp\s&.‘ tion causo the Youns Men's Olristian Ast pex the lattor hailed the ** Doss ™ with, **Iollo, Koyen, you ara juet the man Iam looking for, T'hero fa & littlo Post-ONice 8t ——, in my dis. trict, and tho salary is only &3 per annum, I con't get 6 man to bold it but 1 know you can fiud iislf-a-dozon who will take it." - Hawvyor says that uover until that moment did Koyes jmauine that the appointmonts botunged to tho mowber from the distriot {u which the ofticen aro located ; aud, bo snilingly adds at the couclusion of tho stosy, **fiuce thon, Mr, Keyce has woyer tronblod mo with any gratultous ad- vice about affairs that do not conceru him," Mr. Koyes has beon beaton ofton enough in his ret scliemes to couvineo Lis most urdent admirors that ho s oftentunes woak in resources, and not always infallible in judgment, When Horaco Rubloo sad tho Iate U. I Hopkins furnished the br:lnlflnl' what is tezmed n}. ‘A.‘] Madivon Ite- gouoy,” Koyes was an sdmirable licutenant, who {:mlgl oxoouto the plans aud sohemws which Lty superiors [n political diplomacy Lad resolved upony but Rubles iy I Hwitzerland, sud ifop- Kkius Is in his yrave, sud tho Lot-leaded liougens ant fails fu tho higher suliers of duty and leador- sbip. Tt was under tho command of Keyes tuat the Nlepublicaus lost tha Hiato two years ago; and {6 was in epito of all hia efforis tiat Matz I, | Carpontor was defoated for the DUnited Btstew Beoato, with thirly Republicay mi- Jorlty o stho Legislature, aud afler Mr. was docelvod iu_gottiog ¢hem hers, the DTresident of ung Avsociation thoy publiatid a card oxplainiug that oY aro not tho bund of colurod singors ‘-m‘:flodu' Huivomt ,u'ut |; lias cnll:l? tod’mwyhtmmd“ hat peoplo clsewhora are belu h i i n v{:m fo gacd tho bl from dieepi sinte those faots, Lot theso siugers take & namo of tholrfif":; and honorably win distinetion on thd merith o) their singh-g{! 11 bave any. The name 3 at u' Bingers” huy bocomne distinpuishoed under sloging of {he company that first ook it 'E"fhl tha Adeance of this woek truthfully saye {he ex- origiul Jubilcon bave ay clour & right to > cluive tze of the namo thoy have made w‘}"’h‘ wlar as & manufacturer has to & trullnlll“c' hus mado fumous.” Hapiug thet tho cBIECh o decoption by this troupe may bs brief, au il Ahe excellont usine of the Jubilsa DO Ty, suffer wo further barm, [ remain very vours, Jadky POWILL, mm¢ Becretary of tho Amerlean Mistsuary 40> PN NS, ~ LEXINGTON AND CONCORD. odif New Yong, April 2.—Fresident QGrant v accepted tho fuvitation of the Commiltes 0! Maesackusetts Loglsiaturo lo asslst ab the £00° fonulal oolobratios of $he Laties of Lexioglos sud Concords udlenco.” 1 baye hicsitated to deckai |