Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 5, 1874, Page 3

LITERATURE. Seuth Americn. TRAVELS IN ROUTH AMERICA ;: Froat T Pactrro Oorax TO THE ATLANTIO UOEAN, By PAuL Mancoy, Tilustrsied by 523 Ewirnvlngfl on Wood, Drawn by E, Tiox, aud Ten Maps from Drawings iy the Author, Two Volumes, Follo, Now York ¢ Scribuor, Arnie strong & Qo, Telro, $16, Mr. Puul Marcov Is n Frenchmnu of oultars, morns, and leisure, who, for 10aeons he docs not. tommunicale to the ronder, hns spout from five to eight years eojourmng In South Amorica, On loaving the country, ke lald a wager that ho would croes the continent from ocsan to ocoan within tho spaco of threo months, Ilis purpose waa the geatiflcation of n love of advonture, —tho only purposs which ho 1eally secms to bavae {n lifo. Dut, while carrying out this object for the eatisfaction of persoual proolivities, hio bas conforred A valunble bonofié upon science. T'or M. Maipoy is & vagaboud par ercel'onco, 1o has every qualifieation for dorlving the uts moat advantage from travel under whatovor elr- cumatancos, Ho is, atave all, an artist: and ench striling nnd plcturesquo feature or figuro 1u any soono Is instantly marled by his eyo, and, 1t possible, transforred tobis portfolio. Wherey- er lis looks, it {s tho plcturo fn color, or form, spread beforo him, that first fixes his attontion, and rewards him with the keouost pleasuro in Lis jomneyings. Noxt, ho {8 an expers natural- ist 1 nnd, after the osternnl beautios of o reglon tinve been noted, ho turns to a study of its faunn, ound flora, aud geologleal formation, Thou he is an archeologist, and compels every ruin and rello of & post civilization, that comes in his way, to yirlld up to him some portlon, if not all, of tho sccrot of its history. Again, hois a skillful ctbnologist, and delighta {n distinguishing the various races that inhabit the countiy he travorscs, avd as- sigoiog to cach its peculiar physical and montal characteristics. Add to these facultics the ac- complishmenta of tho linguist, tho musician, and the writer, and wo have n sum-total of gifta which have rately boen united in the oquipment of asinglo travelor. Nor must wo omit tomen- tlon the crowniug graco of an adventurers fm- porturbablo goud-uature, which M. Marcoy pos- torsed as a natural inhoritanco. The record of the exporicuces of 8o romark- ablo & man in ono of the wiidost and richest countrios In the world should be roplote with smusemont and instruction. And so it truly is. ‘Tho savan will gather from it fresh stores of msefu) knowledgo, and the nnsciontific 1ender an sbundance of genuino ontertaiomont, There I8 oxtremo diversity in M, Marcoy's nar- rative. Novw, thore occurs an exact description of acnrious and unknowa plant ; theo, n care- ful portrait of some native man or woman,— types of thelr raco; then, n graphie relation of a0 exciting, rerhaps frivolous, incudent Lappen- ing to the aulhor; and, immediately following, o Lzmorous scenn that provolkes peals of laugh- ter. And so tho stoiy moves on, with a varied aod interesting succoesion of events that buve n charm for every roader. On_ balf tao pazes the on-sketch 18 supplemonted with a pencil-draw. ng from M. Marcoy's album, that lends efelent 2id in roproducing to the hife the object or inci- dent undor delineation. AL Marcoy sct out from Tllav, on the coast of Poru, for I'ara, at tho monih of tha Amezons. o ocoupied just a year aud fourtcen days in ac- complisbivg "tho distance, instead of tho threo months i which hohad wagerad to pass over it. Dut tha dificultics of travel ugnu the route e- lected were onormous, and Mr, Marcoy covldunot, Jor tho fvducomont of a thousand wnzers, resist tho temptation to stop, and take rketohes and make collections, wherever tho rogion was par- troulurly inviting, Nothing was of consequence £0 him but to make the most of tne niesout mo- mont, and of tho swrroundines in which he chanced to find himselr. Hia 'ifo en romo was the porfection of vagranor, and ho enjoyed it to the brim, Happy was tt for him, and for the in- teresta of scienco, thar ho bad to cousnlt mmply his own inclination in directing his movements, Yrom Illay to Echaraii, 3, niatooy traveleu by Jand and on horseback; the remninder of the Eumo_v was peiformed by canos and sloop on 0 Rivers Santa Ana, Uonyali, and the Amazons, The navigation of the flrat-named rivers was troublesomo and dangeroua. T'he comnnel of the strenms waa obstructed by rooks, and the surcout was rapld. Tho travelors—M. Marcoy waa, for & fow weeks, accompanied by a narty of uasi-naturnlists, whom ho - oncountered” by &nuun—wem froquentlv compelled to land and mako s pedestrinn tour along the shors, while their canoos wera rwided, by moans of llanos,, over somo particulaily-perilous passage, Duiing theeo oft-recurrivg foot-cxcursions, M. Mardoy found dolightful caployment, *“I, in my own way, studied the effects of light and shade ou the landzcapo; I cuc up flowers; I dissected the leaves; I tried to nate down the song of the birde and the murmur of the winds; I watched, noross tho intorvening epace, the cirro-cumuli, or cotton-balls,—those light olouda which, Iika the doves of Daute, volan per Pacr dal volar portata.” But worse mishaps often oconred to tho voy- Brers then baving to lend and make a fow miles Qu foot. Taelr canoes were, overy now and theu, upsot by contect with a 1ack, or engnlied in a yanid ; and, whilo they themsolves natrowly es- caped drowuing, thelr “bagrage would bo fished out of tho water in u deplurable condition, if not Iost altogethor. In this way, as the pariv glided slong {rom duy to day, cuch member, in turn, parted by plecomoal with tho fow eifccts which gsomed cexential to bis outtlt, and experienced the migory of seoivg his most precions trensures g0 tu the bottom, witle ha kim.eif was etriling out for dear life, Ono afcernoon, it was tno dld- mal lav of M. Mare v to sulfer a complete ship- wreak. Wo borrow his acconnt of the serio-comlo catasironbe : When wo started, our partly was about 200 paces in 3dvance, and, for un hour or’ 5o, all weut on sntisfoc- tory, My youug Indisn managed bis paddls with such Qexlority, und pssed soveral rapids g0 ekilifully, us to galu my confidence. 1 had, 1 suct, begun to redoncile inyself to the edtustion, aud to thiukof the emyloy- mtnt of soveral rowers 88 un unceasouable supeiluliy, ‘whon sn slluvisl dep of sand aud slouts, upon which I bind not calculated, barred tho bed of the riv- er, and divided futo scveral orms the mues of ftw witers, The canoos in advance nad pasced throngh ho widest of thess chanuals wittiout sccident ; 8o, turning to my pllot, I iudiested with my finger that his ‘was to folow thuir example, Ho dil bLla bLest to follow my iustructious; but the curreut was_strouger than Lis will, and, Leariuy our eraft to tho ol Wueu we shou.d 'have kept to the right, drovo us along the longest und nurrowest of chanuols, wuare the water was ougulfed wita extreme violenco, We, novertheless, contiuued our course sufely as far 8 tho projection'of a tongue of land ut the uther eud, Shen T saw seilh. drous st suosmons zock, ugainsi ‘which the water furiously burled itself, Tlo oustaclo ‘waa atill far enough off to give ms the opportunity of warning my pilot ; but the youth did not sppeur ta Le ouncerued, g\‘a smiled and,shook hin heud, with an alr which siguified, ** Thero is uothing to fear,” His calmness, wnich I took for iguorince of the danger, rather exuaperated s, I gertioulated mote carucaily ; but, the moro 1 excited miysolf, the more plessusily he feilow smiled, The cusrent which bore us aloug secmod to doublu 118 apeed, We wers Dot mare thun twenty steps from the rock, I sprang tomy fcet, and, whh arms exteuded, propared wyeelf for tue feartul shock, The Auiis contiuued his placld smile, ‘Wheu the cauoe, driving furiouely with e current, sppesred ta we to bs in close proxinidty Lotue rock, I beut forward snd stretchied out my arins, thinking to usa 1l rock without touching it ; ouly, the fuclination of 1y body and the abrupto f 1oy movemouts, at 1h's cxitical moment, uyeet it, and in au instant 1 'was under tue water, O rioiug to tho surface, with my poncll betwaen my teoth, the canco was floating kecl uppermost, snd tue young Inatau, clhuging to 1us side, aliowed hitnelf to by towed slouy’ witns t. I struck outy and, huviug reached the couoe, climued upon it sud st ‘astrldes il that moment, woved by the fnstinat of self-preservation, 1 hud_norved mysolf to meet the douger, Thud conyuered it, and, like Alox, ¥ felt wyscl wtrong enough 1o brave the wrath of tho yodss but, when 1 saw my sketching books, my Roto=Louks, und wy book of rhumbe, oirried away by 1hio stream, wnd the box which contefned mauy iubos riously-accuniulated ductients tumbiing ubout in the wuter, all my stolclsm sbaudoned mo, aud I screswed Jixe a 'peacock, Tortunately, M. Marcoy's books and papers weta rescued, in a vouked yvot uot rumed condi- tion, &od, buving resumed hiy seat o the righted boat, bo conteplated colazoounly the results of tho musadventuro, Ilts bammack, mnttross, weartng appatel, and o:lier artioloy of tho first necessity, wers goua Inatriovably, A singlo minute sullioed to work this groat disnuter, and had travsformed o from a rospoctable {raveler, proporly povided with stoclings and shurt-fronte, to 8 paor devil reduced to tho merest nceessitics.” Vet ho could endure this doss without o murmur: In fact, with a lauh, it wan only when Ins eketchos aud papors, noxt in salue to bis life, were nfloot and 1g davger of destrnction, that fortitude torsuok him, and Le *sereamed liko a peacock "1 1t ia eoly ey thueinsms (hat inapire beroism In human nature, When M, Marcuy had at lust reachod D'ara, Lo rpeat a elnglo day explorivg its streots and ob. Eorviug its peonliaritios, snd the next moring wmburked iu o stoamer for an 0CeRN-YOYNZo Lo Lims, Poru, “Al tho rato at whioh [ truveled, this wus anothor year added to the length of my Journoy, lut how manv yoars ono loses in smuch mnmPromluun pursults during o Lifetimo, And then, I must confess, 1 was by no menns prossed to return, In traveling, as in litoratuso oud may othor thinge, to wttay the ond it i pecssuary (o hasten slowly, A pradeut slowness i3 a0 ntcoseary condition to.all sehieyemonc, THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1874--TWELVE PAGES. Tornco han ereated thla formula into a maxim; the claseio Despreans hias mado jt the subjoet of an a oxandrine § and, it this long recita] i sup- nosed to need & ‘moral. " could not subjoln a lottor.—vale." Mesnrs, Beriboor, Armatrong & Co., have Pibe lisned the woik in A sumptuous edition. Tho engravings, aftor orlxinnla by M. Marcoy, olicit the highoat praiso, whilo the other accossories aro oxvcutod fu & riol aud attraotivo stylo, Bret Murte’s Poompm. ECROES OF THE FOOT-HILLS, B 16imo., pr, 140, Toston T James 1, Dsgent 3 o Among the canploof dozon pooma asssmbled in thia collectlon, thore aro soveral which rank with tho bost taat Brot 1larto hias aver writtan, All the suthot's power of pathos, skill in working out & plot, aud art of hiding & uilmax untl tho in- stant it is roachiod, are displayed in tull force fu tho Bpantsh ldgl, « Conespolon Do Argtusallo,” andin tho dialect poom, *Tho Dabes in the Woode." Wo quostion it #r. Iarte has produced anything, in prose or vorso, which ox- cels fn dramalio effact tho Iatter poom. The whola long, ea story of love's ocatasy, tompta- tion, ain, rorrow, and sudden oxtlnctlon, is tn. folded in its nino brief stanzas. 8o ronl and in- tenra Is it, that tho mind mtaggora undor the omotion oxcited, as 1f it hed contomolatonl an aciual tragodr. And so, in tho pieco firat montionad, tha ** Concopeioa Da Arguollo,” the depth of ngony vocxpectedly revealod tn tha finnl clansd of tho carolnding veran givas tho reader a shock that smites like s Llww. It 8 a cannummata attist that prensros suoa starthing and ovorvhelming culminations, . There aro other pieces unly {nferfor In finteh to theee, a8 “*Afior the Accident,” “ITalf An Monr Aftor Sipper,” “Grandmothor Tonter- den," and “The Idy) of Botile Hoilow,” Tho talo of *Luke" iy ‘deftly told; but, unfor- tuuntely, tho mpreeeion {8 weakened by tho vio- lonce doro o good acnro in tho_ absurdly-mis- placed affection of tho Lerolne. It 18 a capital satire on novel-ronding, it muat bo confo ed. QOcoarionally, in the effart to conktriict & riddle (hat sball bo moxplicable until the last moment, Mer, Hnrto obscures ns poem in so danso a mys- terv thint the olution cannot bo determined, and tho roader remaina in a provoking stato of doubt. It is oloamant to bé led along blindfold, be- Ing eure in the end of full lght; but, if you are fluallv loft groping in the dark, tho ex- perionco 19 most unsatiafactory, It Mr. Harto Lnd clonred nway a littls mnra of the obscurity enveloping ** For the King" and “'Don Diego ot tho South,” it would havo been comforting to somo not wholly utupid intelligonces. Fine nnd Oranamental Arts, HALF-TIOUR LECTURES ON THE HISTORY AND PRAOTICE OF THE FINE AND ORNAMENTAL ARTS, By WiLtiax B, Bcorr, Aeslstant Inwpector in Art, Db‘mr(mum of Scienca and Art, ele., et*, Third Edition, Revited by tho author, With 70 Li- lutratinus, Engraved by W, J, Lixton, 16mo., pp. 870, Now York: Scribner, Wolford & Armetrong, 1n the nineteen lecturos embraced in this vol- ume Iscondonsod the entire story of the fine and ornamental arts, from the commoncemeont of the Christian ora. Tho wrlter has praoticed an ad- mirable economy in the use of his space, and has erammed, it with valuable avd unfomilisr facts. It has been his object to put the ntmost informntion into each half-hour; and ho has, therofors, mado an art of laconiclsm, and froighted overy sontonce with all thoe intelligence 1t cou'd carry. Tha stylo of the work is o model of brevity, while the matter it contains has been carefully gathered from many and scattorod sonrces, an moat akil'fally meihodizod. An account of the nrogress of the Arts in- volven o history of civilization ; nccordingly, wo have horo a minute und succtnet revisw of both, In the chiaytor nnon Enntish Domostic Architec- turo from 1100 to 1530, tor examplo, tho deiailed derarlption of the homes {u whioh the English prople dwels for four centuries convers a com- plote idea of thoir coctal babits, and of the amount of ittolliconce and refinement thoy pos. segsed. Bo with the cbapters npon [lumination of Books and Printing, upon Tombs and Monn- ments, Earthenware, Porcalain, (ilasy, oto,, eta, In tracing the history of any art, & multitude of particulna fall into'the narrative which aro of decp eigzmileanco in illusrrating tho stato of ro- clety durtng the period under treatment. Hence, the wzerest of this volume is not confined to those who nifact o study of tho Arts, but exteuds to the great bodv of tlio Sublle; who are curious to know by what slow and awkward ateps man- kind have advauced to their present condition of culture and civility. A ¥indoo Ihilosophical Poem. THE BHAGAVAD-GITA ; O, A D1scoUnse ox Divine MATTENS BZTWEEX KRISANA AND ABSUNA, Tramse Iated from the Bonskrit by J, Coox Buax Tuoxaow, Membor of the Anlatic Socioty of Franr, and of the Antiquarian Bndelg of I’«ormnndg. 12mo,, pp. 278, lchllcngg:’: Religio-Philosophical Publishing Housc, ice, 43, This colebrated philosophical poem, taken from tho great Sanslkrit epio called tho Mababs. rata, s been hithorto accessille Lo the Euglish reader only through the translation of Chatles Wilking, & loarned Ortental echolar, who flrat brought the work to the knowledge of Earopo by au odition published in 1785. Severalzoc- tions of the poem bave sinco heen rondered, in Lalln, Greek, Fronch, and German, accompanied by moro or lcss coplous notes sud commentae rics; bub the need for an improved and nng- monted edition for tho benolit of the Auglo Saxon public has remained to Lo met L the present tianslator. Tho work now appenrs [ a form calculaled to malko it olearlv inteltigiole to ovory reader. It ia pretneed with an infroduc- tion covtsining & peneral view of he principal sohoots of Iudiau philosophy, and s cnt- ical _cxposition of tha dootrines embodied in the Bhngavad-Gita, The translation bas boen corefully roudered with a view to preserving the seirit of the poom without loss or chango, and otill to convev it in pure English, Foot-notes turnish explanatlons for overy obsoure word or passage, and av index of proper nawea gives T ther pesistance to s full comprohension of the work, It i3 treeented in tasteful siylo by the Amoilcan publishers, Artistic Gema, THE BIRTII AND TRIUMPH OF LOVE, With Ii Justrat ons ef.er DAKTOLOZZ1 und TOMKINE, | Square 8vo, New York: G, W, Caleton, At tho birth of Goorgo IV, thie Princess Eliza~ beth, efeter of Georgo 111, produced, in com- memoration of the event, & eeries of twonty- four designs illustrating the birth eud triamph of Love. The designs weio afierwards engraved by P. W. Tomkins, a pupil of Bartolozzi, and Uistorical Engraver fo Qucen Charlotfo, In 1828 the dosigus wore published in convection with a poem, nntten by Sir Jamos Dland Lamb, Bart, The book has long been ont of priut, but tho fortunats owners of a copy have prized it as a rare treasure, uot on acconnt of the postry, nlhich ia commanplaco, but of tho iliustrationy, which aro exceadingly graceful in design and olegnut in exeoution, Lhoy are, in fact, perfect zoms in the wav of engiaving, Nofhiug can exceed tho delicacy with which tho 1airy- thougats of tLo oesigner bave beou dolincated by the burin, 1t was a iuppy thonght of Messrs, Carloton to ropuolish thesa”lovely’ designa, apart from tho poem which cumbered them., They lack the flu- ivh of the originnl cugravinge, me copies gen- erally do, yet atill rotoin 80 miich beauly asto give Pleasuro to the connoissenr. Ensays, ONIENTAL AND LINGUISTIO STUDIES, Second Berles, THg EAST AND WERT ; RRLIGION AND Mo THOLOGY ; ORTHOGRAPIY AND Pliunoroox; HINDY Avrnonony, By WiLLiait Dwiaut Winisey, Pro. feawor of Bunskrlt und Compurative Philology 1n Yula Colicge, 12mo, pp, 431, New York: Scrloner, Aruistrouy & Co, Tho pupers which composo this volume have been coilectod from the different literary and soiontific mogazines to which thoy bave been contributed during & poriod oxtending over alx- teen years. A glancoss a few of thoir titles will show the scope and erudito character of their contents, vi Tae British in Ingin; Chna and tho Chineso ; Chiua and tho West; Tow Bhall Woe Spoll ? I'ho Eloments of Lnglish Pronunciation; Ov the Accont in Sanskrit ; On tho Luvar Zotino in {ndls, Arabla, ang China, These esrnys—tnov numbor a dozen—aro tae product ot ripo achoiarship aud keon, eritical acumen, and wil command the respect of studious and thoughtful minds, They address thomselves to a romowhat narow cummumty but, in this, thoy will be eatoomod as veritable contsibutions to history, philology, and astrouo- ny. Iente Field Spuin, TEN DAYS 1N S8PAIN, By Kats Firuo, Dintrated, 18ma,, pp. 27, Hoston: Jamea I, Osgood & o, During ten days in slow-movivg Spain, the mont active and cnorgetio traveler can accoule plish littlo more than totska a flyiug look at Madrid, cat o dish of oil sod garllo, smoke o cigarotto, discaver tho provailing dirt and dis- oomfort, poihdps witucss s bull-fight, and surcly bleed at evory pote In suppors of a vast population of Bpanish flean, Kate Fleld, though 0ne 68 the mos clever and rosoluto of her eos, did not much mora. Btill, sbe has contrived to mako s piquant httle book out of her Linsty visit, Slio dock not profuss to ‘ann In iy tho slightost information that would be of uso to any. body, Indecd, sao oxprosely deolaros that sho s ‘“not o Murray;" but sho doos 1clate, with uncommin dasly, portness, and pomi. the bistory of Lor expori- cngo from the moments when tho first 1den dawnod upon her, on tho heiehts of tho Pyrenacs, whero shio hnd undergone a singularly deprossing eanttary segimen of *'lukewarm wator, ume brella, and foot-muffs,” to the time when slio re. turned to the sesport of 8t. Joan do Luz, after ¥ha tip to Madrid and an interview wit Castollnr had becomo accomphished fnots, Hor little book 1s put forih 1 tho neatest form. nnd is juat ono of thono trifles to plek up and divert oneself with for & half-liour, Gazotteer of the United Stntes, TIE OENTLNNIAL GAZETTEER OF TIHE UNITED BTATES: A GEOORAPMIOAL AND BTATIRTICAL e OYOLOPEDIA OF THE BraATES, 180, TOWNBRILPS, VILLAUKS, TAING RIvERY, LAKES, ET0 T, IN TUE AMERL ©CAN UnioN, DBy A, VoN Srrinwenn, A, M., Author of Ioisctlo Berlos of Beliool Geograpbies, oto, 8v0,, Pp. 1,016, Obicago: Ziogler & MOurdy. It is twonty yoars ainoo o Gnzottcor of tho United States bas boan givon ta the publio, and, in tho moantime, great and Important chiangen havo takon placo In the history of our couutry. Vast tracts of wildernesa Lavo boen opened up to civllization and commorco; Torritorios havo boon promotad to tho dignity of Statos; villages bavo grown to bo oities; population bas inoroassd; Industries have been devel. oped, nnd woalth has angmented. To keop up with this rapld movemont and expansion a work which protends to mliror the life of tho nation must Lo renewed at frequont intorvals, A Gaz- ottecr which has eximed s singlo decado s al- roady antiquated. It bas survived s purposo aud usofulnoea, It mist bo replaced by unvther baaring the date of tho current year, The Jrosent work answors tho fivet groat do. mand for tho lntest atatistics. It Lns been mado up from the most recent oflicial tovorts, and its various and comprehonsive data oxbibit the avte tual congition of tho United Btaten. It has boon compiled by oue fitted by entorprise and training to accomplish thorouzhly thio task bofore him, and it may bo accounted trustworthy in ol pare tiounlars. "The convemsonce and valuo of the book for reforonce will be readily apprehended, There ia nood of it in overy business-place and avory libravy. Tennitoutes, Qoun. Tosr-Orvicks, Mouxe Woolney?s Internntionnt Lnvw, INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF INTERNA- JIONAL LAW : DESIGEED 48 AN AD IN TBACH- ING AND IN IIBTORIOAL S1unies, By THFODORE D. Woorser, Lufely Freddent of ~ ¥nle College, Yourth Editton, Nevited and Eulorged, Bvo,, pps 487, New York: 8 ribuer, Armstrong & Oo. Thls work has held the place of o standard text-book on International Luw for the past four- teen yoora, it grew in LLo beginning out of the suthor’s experience, in the cluss-room, of tho need of o euitable manunl for the student’s uso whilo pursuing s course of political history, Tho subject {8 oue which Dr. Woolsoy, 18 Presi- dont of Yalo Colloge, was accustomed ror mony years to expound, and which, by Lis learning and halits of researoh, he was cminently udapted to treat, T'his now edition presents numorous ameundmenta in the form of “corrections of tho main text, additlons totho llst of wuters on [nternationsl Law, of collectors of diplomatic docaments, and of tho principal political ticstien sinco ths Reforma- tion. "A note discnssiog the case of the Vir- injus is also Introduced into tho third appendfx. flr this 1evision tho worls brought down to the presout (imo, and its usefulvess considorably enlinuced. Tiooks tiecoiveds OUITINES OF COSMIO PHILOSOPIY, BASED ON TUE DOOTRINE OF EVOLUTION ; Wrex Omini- cisvs 0N 1nE Postmve Puilosorny, By Joux Ersxx. 81, A., LL. D., Awistont LiLrarian, aud For- merly Locturer on_ Philosophy, wt Larvard Univr. slty,” Two volumes, 12mo, oston: Jamos I, Ou- flond & Oo, TUE DAILY SERVICE: A Boor or Orviors you Dty Usk THROUGH ALL THE BLASONS OF THE YEAR, 18wo,, pp. 404, New York: Hurd & Moughton. Price, s OUR IELLN, By Soemz Max, Autlior of “The Ductor's Davghiter,” eto, Tilustrutod, 1omo,, pp, 312, Tioston:™ Leo & Bhispard, PROGRESSIVE PETTICOA' on, Dnrssep 7O DEATIL. AN AUTOUI00RAVHY OF A MABRIED MAN, By Roueur B, ROUSEVELT, 12mo., pp, 3i6, Now York: @.W, Carleton & Qo FROM MY YOUTH UP. Dy Mirtoy HARLAND, Au-~ thor of * Alone,” ctc., ofc. 12m0., pp. 30, New York : @, W, Carleton & Co, BRAVE AND DOLD : On, Te FonTuNes or 4 Fac- rouv-Boy, By MORA110 ALOER, JI., Author of 4 Ttagged Dick,” ete,, etc, 16amo., pp. 442, Doston : RUNNING TO WASTE : Tue Sront or 4 Tox-Bor. By Gromoc M, BaAKem, duthor of % Awuleur Draman cle. ‘1mo,, pp, 45, Doston: Lea & separd, THE LILY AND THE CROSS ; A TALE 0F AUADIA, By Frof, Jases DE Mitee, 12mo,, pp, 264, Hos: ton ¢ Los & Buepard, BERMONS AND S0NGS OF THE CHRISTIAN LIFE, By Epoxp a1, Seans, Aulhor of ¥ Tho Hesrt uf Christ, Gte, "12wo., po. 34 Boston: Nuyes, Holues & Co. Perlodiculs IRceeived. Theological Journal for December (Szmitel It Wells, New York), 5 Sl;l)xl(arian for Decembor (A. N. Bell, Now o1k). ANational Teachers' Aonthly for November (A. 8, Barnes & Oo,, New York and Chlosgo). Literary Xtemn, The works of Marion Hailuud bave beon sold to the extent of 500,000 voinmes, —The now volume just ruvlished tn Paris by Vietor 1Tugo. entitlod ** My Sous,” ran througl threo oditions within oight days, —Juarez, the lnte Promdent of Moxico, left in manuscript an mLcr:stqu sutoblography, which I3 to be sliortly push: hod, —Tno Rov. Dr, 8, Wells Willisms has juet pub- lished vis Chineve Dictionarv, aud will ‘soon 1e- trn to tho Uited States. Lo will bo tondored tho Profotsorslnp of Oviental Languages in tho University of Californin, —r. Murray aunounces “ The Diary of T, 31, | the 8hoh of Porsia Duiing bis Tour through Eu- rope in 1873, Translated Verbatim from tho Original. BvJ. W, Redliouss, Fellow of tho Royat Asintie Bocicty," —AIr. Berjeant Cox has in the press o treatise on ¢ leredity and Hybiidism," in which he wiil edduco tlhio various facts and arguments that sup- poit his theory of the siructuse of all organized bolngs by the junction of two gorms, —Viotor Iugo is expected immediately in Guernnoy, but werely for a short visit, in ordor to arrange his privato affairs s that fsland prior to Lls quitting it for good. Flugo s decided oo relinquiehing Hautoviilo Mouse as # residence, aud in tuture will live permanontlyin Paria, ilis dnughter-in-law, Madama Oharles Ilugo, and her children, littls Georees aud Jeauno, who aro now iu Genon, will also takeup thoir abode with M, Victor lugo in Paris, « —Edmund ALout writes to the Athenaum : ** Jules Verne, who bus just obtained o preat suceess with o drame do feerie geoqraphique, is the most instructive of our noveliats, Nobody comnits euicide i bis hooks wor pays addrosses tomarried women ; pasaian is absent from them, and crimo Is unknown. But never has the brain of an honcet man found the secrot of attacte h;,-z re‘-dnm by mora uovel or more varied do- vicea," ~3Ir, Gladstone's pamphlet on the Vatican decrees and their bearing on cwvil allegianco will bo published by the Harpors in a fow days, an octavo volume of about 130 pages. The volume will alno contain an_important and in. torenting artlolo from Prof. Sehafl's forthcoming work ou *‘the Creeds of Clhristondom,"—in which the decreo of Infallibility is examinod from n theologienl point of view,—as well as the full text of tho Vaticun decrocs, In Lutin and Eoghsh, —Ilarper & Drothors have beaun fhe publica~ tlon of & kories of claxsical toxt-books, embrig- ing the writings both in Groek and Latin of tho eatly Christion fathors, ‘Tho sorica owes ity origin to an endowment by M¥, Benjamin Doug- laes for the study of thoso authora 1n Lafayetto Collego, The first volume of tho acries is Latin Lsmne, Tho seoond volume comprises_extracts {rom (he Ecclesiastical istory of Eusebiue, with noten by Prof. Owon. —The (Tunterian Club, savs the London Athe- naun, hnving mada considerable way with the roprints of Ramuel Rowlands, ourious in tho il- lurtrations they afford of contemporary lustory and manners, has determined Lo give the works of Thoraas Lodge, the woll-knows associato of Nash, Pocle, and Greene, Of alitlio Elizaboihan writers whoso works have not bitherto been ropiinted, Lodge is the most intercsting and important, Philiips, thanophow of Miltou, &ud, according to.Waiton, hils_mouthpieco at times, apeaks of him aa “distinguivhed for his poetical talents,” and as ‘*oue of.the writera of those urettv old pastoial songs which wera yorv much tho strain of tnose times,” Hig ** Rosnlynde, Euphuos' Goldon Legacle, 1640, bias boen yeprinted by My, Collior, in bin Shake upeara Litrary, on account of its resomblancs ta ** A8 You Ltke It." Hin play of *Tho Wounds ot Civil War" i included In tho latest volume of the roprint of Dadsloy's old plavs, * Glau. cus and Soylia,” with otber Iyrical and pastoral poems, was glvon iu Binger's reprints; two prose tracts woie printad by the Bhakepeara ecioly; and other worky wera included in the sories of Al Halliwell and Mr. Arbor, SPARKS OF SCIENCE. orsTERS, ‘The orster fs romarkablo for its fecundity, According to Poli, & singlo Indindual produces abont 1,200,000 youug in A soason. Other ob- sorvors inoroans thia ostimate to the enormous number of 2,000,000. Tho oyster may bs called viviparous, a8 tho oggs, after loaving tho ova- rios, arajrotained and hatohed within the mantla, Thore thoy swim about in a whitielh blacous fluid,~myrirds of thom finding room to move without jostling in & einglo drop of the liquid, When tho younglings aro roady to shift for thomeolvos, thoy aro expelled from the parent shcll 1o Hitlo jolsof tho crewmy substanca in which they had boon cradled. In the spawning sengon, multitudos of oystors fn tho samo bank will omlt tholr offspring simultavcously, and, though onch sonds out but a small quantity of spar, tho water bosomes clonded with i, At this point of thoir oxistenco, tho young orptors aro individusily almost fuvisible. It fs tho massing of millions that gives color to the water and malies thoir presonce percoptibio, Wheo first ojcolod, the tiny fry are in great danper of destruction, Tho larger part nbro walted away by ourrents and driveu on uofa. vorable grounds, whoro they soon porlsh, or thoy aro devowied by fiahes and othior marino animals, Ench one Is provided with an appara- tuas tor swimming, by which it propels itxoif in thie water ubil It has found_ somo swtablo body on which it may faston aud begin its growth, After it ks booomo fixed, the pad snd alin with which it made its fitst and lnst jowrney duindle awWv, and it continues siationary for the romaindér of ils lifo, When it fivst comes forth, tho ‘oyator 18 sbout 1-120 of an Inch in longth, and 2,000,000 may bo pucked Ln the Lilpncu of a oubio uch, When n month old, it is the sizo of a pos, At G months of ago, it iy about the eizo of a lali-dolinr; sud, at 12 months, 1t has grown as Inrgo s o dollar, At this ago tho euoll is inarked with longitudinal” yldses or fluting; but theso gradually disappoar, aud, when the oystor is 4 or 6 years old, thoy ave gencrally lost aitogo.dicr, In very favorable situstions, tho oyster grows so rapidly as to be flt for the table in o yoar and a Lialf or two years; but, inordiuary eircumsiances, {trequites about live vears, Lhero are many differeut spocios. all inhabit ing tho sors ur warm and tomporate olimates, Lhoir favorite babitat 13 1n bays and estuarics along the const, where the water is not very deep, ‘Lhey will thuive equally woil In situationa wlhoro thev are constantly covered with water, or whera they aro lefe dry by the ebbivg tide. Immonso oyster-beds oconr on 1ho coauts of Eue rope and Amerlea, Tho farms of Rochello anu tho Islos of Re and Oloron, sre famous for the qualiy of their produco. Very fine oystors are geown on somo paits of the Brtish ooasts, Noarly 2,000,000 ncics of oysters-hoda aro pos- sesned Ly Virginia, whilo tho shoros of Goorgia abound in Lauks of great extont. It is estimn:ed that o man requiros twolve ounces of nitrogeuized suvstanco for his daily nourishment. To furmish this "Wy' Rixtoen dozen oysters wonld bo required. 0 atticla of diet 18 80 ensily dlgoslod, or containg so httle uutriment, TUE ANERICAN 3{USEUM OF KATURAL RISTORY, Miss Catheriuo Wolfo Los recontly presentsd to tho * American Musoum of Natural History,” Now York City, & conchological collection num- berlog 50,000 specimens, and valued at $10,000, ‘Tho collection 1 at present stored, along with the other possossions of tho Musenm, in the old arsennl fn Central Park. The specimons aro ad- miravly prepated end classitied, and, arranged on ten huge tubles, ocenpy an entiro story, With the shells, Miss Woife's contrbution included a ravo conchological library of 1,000 volumes, among whicl are mauy costly illustrated works in differont languages. At the reception held Nov. 17, in honor of this munificent gift, it is supposed that uo less than 10,000 peopla visited ti2 plnco whero it is oxhibitod. Ahhough the American Mueeum is not yer five years old, it bas slrendy becoms an im- portunt inatiiution, ‘surpassing, in the extont and vuluo of some of its departments, all othern of tho kind in the United States, The dopurt- ment ot Zaologv embraccs numerons large and tmportantcollectionn. ~ Conepicuous among thein is tho remarkablo Lody of mate:ial brought to- gother by the Germin Pruco Maxinilian of Nourvied, which ia cspecially valusble for tha uumber of tyj.es it contains, Ono collectlon, of North-American birds, numbors over 2,50 speci- mons ; another, of buttortlies, numbers 10,000 spocimens ; aud ono of Leetles nnd insects num- oers 4,000, A recont contribution Lo the Bato- molngical Depaitwont includes 8,000 spocimons of American colcoptein, epresentig 8,000 species, A gerlen ot sixteen completo skeletons of tho Moe—a gigauntic, but oxtive:, bird of Now Zenland—is one ot the chiof trensnres of the Museum, procured at & cost of $18,000. The Mineratogteal Dopartment incluaes 7,000 cabinet apoc msud, Lho musoum is bt poorly accommodated In Ita preseut quarters; but tho City of New Youk putting up an editice £)r ity uso which will amply supply It with room for every parpose. Lhe tirst #o:no0 of tho Immense structurs will be com- pletod and reaay for occupation tas onsuing yenr. This scction {3 but one-cighls of llln‘yru- Jected buildivg, yet ita cost 13 essimate €600,000, Tho present has been tho most pros- peroits year jn tho exporience of tho alusenm, t liag trebled its fisy of annual aubscribers ($10 eaoh), on which iy deponds for the paymont of 1ts curront oxpenees; and the gifts to its varions departments bave peen numerons and importaut. 118 rosorve fund ($100 subscriptions) is used in the purchase of additional seieutilic material, Notwithstauding the unfavorable character of ita present location, fts halls aro thronged with vigitors, Frequeatly tho number 1eaches 10,000 1 o single day. ‘lo doys of the wouk aro sct apert for tho visits of school-children with their tonchers. At all times tho Museum s frecly opon to the public. A GIOANTIO WATER-LILY, While the celebrated travelor, AL Marcoy, wan exploring the tributaries of tho Amazons, bo found in the Nuna Lako, near tho mouth of the Ucagali River, a gigantiospocics of the Aymphea, whict o eoncluded to belong to tho eano gonus a8 the Nymphwa Victoria, Tho surface of tho Iake was, in places, covered with tho immense lenves and magnificont flowers of this huge water-lily. The loaves, of & brownish-greon tig, Iay like broad carpets on the water ; and a wul- tituds of plovérs, ibiscs, spoou-bills, Brazillan ostrichios, and othor tropical birds, wero 1unning over chom without any danger of being suo- merged. The outer petals of the fluwers wora of 8 milky whitoness, and the iuuer onesofa dull red with violet epote. The weight of o eingle loaf which the discoverer ss- cured “was 141¢ poands, and ity cur- cumforence wns 24 feet und 9 inoles, The towor, which mensured 4 foot 2 inches I clr- cumfereuce, woighied 814 pounds, Its outer petals wore 0 mchen in 1ongth, A bud woighed 23 ponuds, ‘I'lic stous stoms of the tlower and bud wero coveied wilh bLwirs 8 or 4 wclies 1 length, The lenf-stulks wore a8 Inigo ns u slip's oable, and resisted tho combiusd elforts of novoral men to dotach them from their l«uchomfin at the boitom of the waior. They had to be severed with a woodman's ax. ‘Luo veius of tho leaf, which was perfugtly smooth on its upper turinoe, wero au iuch in diumetor, snd bristing with prickles. Tuis giant plant sbounds ju vai: ous wators in tho region of the Awmazons.—its interlnoing stoma otion formiug su effoctunl barzier 1o tha progross of & oanuo. PHOTEOTION AGAINST LIGUTNING, 1L, Nouel, a Frenoh solontist, has rocontly do- vised au original plan for protecting buildings rom lightning, ‘'no idea is not to prevent tho boltstrikiug a house, but to direct its cuirent so that 1t slall bannlessly resch the giound. Usually tho higlest polnt, say the obimnay, of & Louse, attructs tho fluid, Tuenco it innkos lts way from ono motallls projection or surface to auothor, until it attains tho spout, whon v fol- lows the stronm of water to the ground, As nator i8 an sxuellont coudugtor of oleotrivity, M. Fouel suggosts that tho chimuoys of city-uouses bo proviacd with an ixen bar, or oven with fun. vels, which shall be united with the spout by plates of zing, Thus the ligh tniug, lirst siriking the chinmoy, will leap along the traox lmd down for it, aud guter the ground without deflecting from ita courso and caumng damage to thie louss or it wmates BEA=WEED, Bea-weed s bacommy a produot of consldore ablo commeroinl value, It has heen lonyg used lor mauure, and =6 a materix) for packing; but & now dlsposition of it haa latoly been Invented, andquuntities aio wow converied into astifiolal obcny. The process cousists in fst treating tho plants for two hours with dilute sulphutic aoid, then drying and grinding them, To GO party of this powdor ave added &6 parts cf lquid glne, & purts of gutta-perchs, ang 2ty pirts of Indin-yubber,—the two latter being dig- solved lu paphiha, 'Lner, 10 parte of coal-tar, b partn of pulverizod sulphur, and 6 parts of puls yexized roain, aro addod, and the whola heated to 800 dog. Falir, When cooled, & substance {s obe tnined which, in color, lnnfm-us. and oapaoity for rocorving w polish, roscmblen ebony, and is miteh choapor. ‘This malorisl i boing manuface tured ou a largo scalo, and ia omployed for nenr~ ¥ ail tho uses to whioh obouy is npp{lud. DISCOVERIES IN CALIEORNIA, Dr, Harkness haa roported to the San Trane clsco Acudemy of Hoionces the digcovery of an oxtinct voleano, It {8 upon the line dividing Lamion and Plumas Countlos, Galiforuia, and is8 milos long by half & mlle wide, The ground is vold of vegotation for soveral hundred ncres surrounding tho orator, and flakes of lava, from 8 oubio foot to tho sizo of o ton, lio sonttored about. It is tho optuion of the Doctor that tha Yoldano Lias boen sotiva within twanty-fivo yoars, The satao porson aiap roporis the discovery, in the rogion of the yoleano, of a Iake largor tban Takoo, and hitherto nuknown, oxcopt to an oc- cazional hunter. The inko is 7.930 reot above tho ses,—nu altitudo abuve that of any othor lake known.: It has beon named lake Living- stone by tha discovorer, in honor of the Rroat oxplorer. I'hie rogion extending from Dlumas Qounty to the Oregon line ubounis fu variod ang maguiflcont eoenory, It i rich In bioad vulloys, aud in tracts of hoavy timbor, OAT-AIEAL, According to Lieblg, oat-meal fs aimost as nu- Eritious as the beat English beof, and is richer than whonton brond in tho oloments thet go to form bone and muscle, Prof. Jorbos, of Edinburg, was fn tho liabit, for soma twonty years, of meas- urlug the broadth aud height, aud testing the atrongth of both tho arms and lolus, of the stue dents of tho Univorsity. As the resnlt of thoso exporiments, ho found that, in height, breadth of chess and rhouldors, andin muecularatrongth, the Balgiaus wero ab the bottom of tho Mut; & Littlo above them were tho Frenels ; very much bigher woro the Englsh; whilo abovo ihom all woro tho Scozeh, and Scoteh-Irish from Ulstor, Wlo, kko tho natives of Siotlnd, ato acous- tomed, o thoir oarly years, to have oue meal a day of uillkk and oat-meal-porridge. T'his ovi- douce I8 held s atrougly supporting thoe conclu- sious af Licbig, LEATHER FROM INTESTINES. A patent has been recently takon out in France for thio propsration of leather from tripe, futes- tines, nod otlior animal membrancs. These nro soaked in milk of limo while still fresh, thon washod in water, and finally immorsed in & pasta mado of starch and white” of egg. The sub- utance thus formed is to bo usad for glove- n‘mlldng, etc., and aay also bo tauned or cur- vied. —_— VIRGINIA, Davrisony, M., Nov, 27, 1874, 7o the Fiilor of The Chicauo Trivuns: Sin 1 I obsorve iu this morning's Sun tho fol~ lowiug extract from a recent lettor of your corro. spondent, Mr. George Alfred Townsoud : "Tn OMd Virgiols the Stata doen not puy in- Lerost om its debt. I know that, us n bondiulder, Why not ? Becauso tiro people wiil not pay thoir taxen, Thoy cav pay them well onough ; and if tho Stato wonld colloet the tazes and pay eff the biudboldors, crodit must expand m Virginia, But the peoplo solaco themacives with tha reflec. tion thnt they lost thoir slaves, are poor, und not ablo to pay tho Commonwealth. Hence negli- genco males panic worav,” Ar. Yownsend speaks so confidontly, as Jrom knowledze, that his sssortions, uncorrected, might be roceived by your readers as cstablished faots, ILa holds ap Virginia ns s dishones!, not an impoverished deblor, 1o avers that Visginin **doos naw pay into.est on kor dobt,” and adds, *“Lknow that, asa bondholder” Iho fair in- ferenco ia, that chis 8.0:0 paya no interost on her debt, Tiwe fack is, th vt sho bas paid two-thiids of ber January interest —i. ¢, 4 per cont—in money, to all wko opplied. 1f Mr. Townsend holds her bonds, with the coupons receivable 1n puyment of all Btteo claims, then bo is ovtitled to aiz per cont, and. those coupens find o ready salo at 91. ‘Tn pooplo of Virginla, thon, did pay their taxes for 1878 i3> an cxtent sullicient to moot 4 por cont on her dubt, Wiy he conalndes ber pooplo will vot pay tee taxes of 1874 I do not underiske to quire. * Her ofilciuls eny they will. ‘Pheso iaxas oro not payablo uatil "the i5th of Decem- ber coming. Itis Liue that Virginia cannot ruise in money suflicient 10 pay G per cont,—usao can bacely paiy 4 per cent; vet, whon you kuow hor roul conde don, you will agroo with me, I am sure, thut'tuo wonder is thut eho pays anything, I am enizneatly in favor of pajing (o the fullest eapacity € the peoplo ; aud, to sustain tho opins ion uf ow* Goveraor aud Treasurer, I oxzmined into the resources of tbe State, and my couclu- aion is, thiat it would be unsafe to proulise more taun 8 per cent, I vou will examine the Stato and Unitod Siatos ofiicial records, you will dis- cover, t/ur ada, tlat Virginia fads to provide gran enough, meluging potatoes, to feod her atocland people, on u bhiort sllowauce, by many millions of bucbels: chat, with a population of 1,300,000 pooplo, tho ontire products of her duil, couvaited into monoy, at murket-rates, with no allownuce for tho cost'of cartinge to marko:, would bo &2d per head per anuum, or ¢ $-10 conts per Load perday; that the adult mules number (taking ihe registration) about 300,000 ; thag, ar tho moderato alluvauce uf H0 conts any, tho market-valuo of tho products of her soil will fead ouly 273,831 people,—nutling beng allowed i either cags for othor neces=ar.cs ; thac tho tax now pud by her peoplo aggrosates one- third of thiaso market-values ; that the products of her swil, less st of production, but exelu- #ivo of costi of transport, yiolded ouly 43 per cout upon the farmer's investment; and that the tax now levied is 8 per cont on the same,— lenviug ouly 12{ per cent as tve rotwrn on his nvestment, wiich averages about £8,700, or #65,50 par snouin to the tarmer for the ude of big property ; tuat less than oue-fouith of her umproved Imuds ore under cnltivation ; that her prosent taxei ejqusl 8 por cent on the assessed value of her reuland porsoaal property ; that bor asdersments arc above what can be roalized tor bor Inuds whon offered on loug credits ; that Judemonts ¢c the amount of millions upon mill- tons of dollars o unsatisfied becauso thyee- 'M:lmm of the aesvsucd vaiugs canuos bo real- izod. I might yvursuo this malter farther; but onough hus Loou cited Lo slow your vee.ders thut Virginia can bear no lieavier Lindens thun now imposed ; that, however impover.shed, she is noi Justly obwoxious to the legitimate inforence from Mr, Towunsoud's lotter, tuut she is dishon- oot 3 and thiz {8 tho object of thiu note, fur which I rexpusttully ask o placo in your columns, Very rospoctiully, B, Basserr FneNoir, Of Virginin, CYMBELLNE AND THE QUARRELERS. Oymbeline, {he: King, snd bis Queon Wonu with: o loruly train to1ide, T'o eve the, laud iu its Sununer prids, And what beslides thoro wis Lo be seen, Praucing along with laugh and song They founel a quarrel of man aud wife Al thezo, when ueled of the causo of trife, Each on the oikior cost too wrong, Each one snid, *“That ever I wod— Wed with & ereaturo so fruward and {1l [7 Bpake tho 3l Ing with # right good will, Lot thom btk (o the palace Lo fod I That ssme niglst, when Jsmpu wers bright Over tho lords uud ludicn tlers, Gymbelino suid with Lis klugly atr, #Dring thu Lwa wo found at gt " Muto with shatne the culprits came, And ench vrus sot ta stund alons 0ut before ko royal throuo, Whilo Gymbelle spoke to Loth by name, Baylng, * As wldo as slde from side Of tho heavan above us I sct you twain; Lach fu free to marry agalu—~ Chooso from the Courtw bridegroom and bride,” Each in guiss oft blank surpiries Looked arottad on the circle thors, Lords so fine sud ludies so fulr— Euded {u tho oter's oyes, # Clioose 1" crlad the King ; by my sfgnet rlng 1 promise 9 wed you with your cliofcu 1 Tiiey senrcefy hourd the roval volce, 8o passing wouerful scomed the thing, Hound etio gazo 2, her vision dazod With eplendote of mauly forin and face ; He belivld t.n wonnnly graca Deckud fu Jowols thiat melied wnd blazed, Then tho aceno und all between Thelr tender woolng voul-hsd swsy ; Thera cumiv & watt of thefr niarrisgo day And all the swockincus that hiud been, Blio was there, thust maiden folr, A flrut b ity Lior whien tiinea ware glad § Aud he waa illsero tiat looming lud, A8 o tirat wont Ly with Lls Jaunty ulr. Then the thought of thelr babes waa broughty— 1uto euch otluse’s urins thoy apruug 1 Land snd lavicl the rafiers taug, Aud wiuny eyes velth teavs woro fraught, “Yan chaoso the 'beat and Isave the vost 1" Uymboline criasd with & shaklng voica § [ promise to 'wed you with your choleo, And each hag chiofa o the way 2 gucssed 1Y —Good Words, FAMILIAR TALK. TNR UNIVENSITIES OF LUROPE. The modern university dates ita origin back to tho cleventh century. It grow in the beginniug out of the schoola which bad, prior to lts time, boen confined to the monasteries, and provided churchmen and lavmen with their ouly means of oducation. Tho flist institutlon of any celobrity that answered to Lho modern univeraity was tho Modical Callogo at Salerno, which had gained n wido roputation some yoara bofore tho date 1100, Tho Universlly of Paris, tho nuclous of which Liad been in existenco for a cansiderablo petiod, attained pro-eminonce early in tho twolfth con- tury, throuch tho lecturos of tho learaed Abolard, that drew atudonts from all parts of Europo, At first this famous school had only a Faculty of Arta,—tho swdy of Jurlsprudenco belng probibited by tho Popes, who controlled affairs o Paris an thov did evarywhero clse in Eu'rgpa. But, in thothirteen ticontury, Faculiies of ‘thoology, Mediciue, and Canon Taw, ware added. o gront dld tho popularity of this relinol bacome, that, in tho sixteonth contury, it had 80,000 students in dttendanco. Tliool nu{ wnR tho principnl study, and tho scholara pursning it gonarally romained nt the nniversity fiftoon or sixteon venrs, or until thev wora of middio ngo, beforo thoy wers cousidered uuflicioutly loarned to entor the priaathood. The Umversity of nolozxm\ is raid to have boou founded by Theotosius I, in the fifth con. fury s but it did not como into eroat ropte untit the twelfth contury, when Irnorius, or Werrorus, an eminont tenclier, attracted a vast concourwo of gndonts about him. Its famo was gront throughont this century, elefly on secount of its Sehool of Jurisprudenco, In Roger Daeon's timo, nlony; about 1202, 20,000 students wer enjoying “the benofit of its _lnstraotion. This’ university deriven specinl celobrity from the faota that tho dissoctton of the hnman bady was first practiced hero; aud that, for cone tneies, womon were allowed n placo among ita Professors, In tho thirteenth contury tho Law Sohool at Padun was foundod, and in 1924 the univorsity at Nanles, which aurpaseed tho other schools of Ttaly in the rango of its studics aud in tho extent of fts Miuds, ‘I'ic Universities of Oxford and Cambridgo nro searcely anto-daved by the oldost on the Conti- nont, Tue firat claims to have beon founded by Bing Alfred; tho second was ostablivhod in 1110, by Joffrid, Abbot of Croyland, Fiom the twolfth to tho fourteenth contury, theso echools acoomplishod almost as much for the advance. ment of sctorco and polilical hibertv as did that of Parls, Ingland has at nrosent two additional univorsities,—thint of Loudon, founded in 1327, aud that of Durhan, in 1833, Scotland has four uvivorsitios, viz.: 8t Andrew's, Abaidecn, Glas- gow, and Edinburg, Most of these dats fram the tifteenth contury, Ireland has Trinity Col- Ingo, Dublin, and tha three afiliated collegos of the Queen's University, Tlio oldest umversity in Germany wag fonndod by Charles 1V., at Praguo, in 1348, aud was vory soon visited by thonsauds of studonts, It way followed in 1865 by the University of Vieana m 1386, by that of Heidelborg s in 1409, by that of Lolpsig; in 1477, by that of Tubingon; and so on.” Tho Germun tuiveritio lncrensed rapidly, especially aftor the Reformation. 'I'helr numbor 18 at predont about twonty.six. Until tho close of tho eevontoonth century, Latin was the ouly Iangungo in which lectures were deliverod : but, sico that period, tho Garman student has ra- colved {natruction in his own vernaculne, From 1090 to 1730, Hallo held the fltst place among the Oorman univaraisios. The University of Lerlin rapidly rosn from its foundation iu 1810 to tho ughest honor, In 1835 thero wors 2,000 students i attondance, and 1u 1860 it hnd 178 fnstiuctors. Thero nre four Faoulties in all tho German uni- varsities savo two. 8pain Las no metitution dosersing the namo of nriversity, and jts youth have, fora coutury, boyn abliged to rosort to Puris 01 Germnny for A liboral oducation, Ruesia hus sevon uuivorsi- tien, all coustructod upon the Germau plan. Sy tzerland bas throo univorsities, aud Holland throe, Dolgium has foar, Desmark two, and tta’y twonty, Thie moat important wnd richly endovod of the Italian schools are *howo of Bo- logae, IRIEB, Padus, Palarino, Poira, Pisg, and Tuvin, Thesehavo in oll 6,263 students. During the academical vear of 1846-'67, thera were 7,601 students attending tho univorsitics of Italy, 16, 000 those of Krance, 6,490 thoso of Aastriu, 7.G00 those of Pruseia, and about 20,000 those in tha whale of Germany, Thoe following veluable table, borrowed from Hurst's ** Lifo und Litera:uvein tho Fatheriand,"” ¢ivos the location, mumuor of instructors aud siudents, of the Gorman nniversitios, with a tow others identical in language and gevoralty rank- od with them, The date of tha tablo s 18 g 3 8|7 & 'BESI B | 8 S e o, & N 1535 § 1 3 H et 318 £ i8x B 2 8! |: &E & £ H igdl f | = F iRl 1| B 18%) ol 13 3,051 4 10) B3 83 107 1,022 21 831 408 1l s om 24 5i[ 226 43| 104 950 208 aif - 681 47| 43 961 & 1k 88 39 6i 435 &4 o5 174 K Suf 74| BH1 Lefpsliaovee 52 10| 2,835 Alarbur 3y o) U9 45 11 1128 a1 1] gy 120 oo a4 Tl 405 P A tees CETTRRY PPIo [ ACAIRIA, ' | 1480 aol a0 16 Bl o b1 0, w14 3] a0, U0j 2| Zurich, .. S 2| GERMAN RUB3IA, ' Dorput sevenss . oy 24] | Total oo isossss 1,159 1,103 AVENSIONS, DId ever our render cbance to lnow an indi- vidual with an inetinctive, invincible autipathy to a eat, who would actually tnrn palo, and trom- ulous, and faint, at the sight of that invocent domeetic nnimul 2 Strange, incrediblo as it may scom, (horo not unfroquently ocours & person who is born with an intenso and uncontrollablo lorror of this household pet, that renders it absolutely imposaible to tolerats tho creature's presenco. The phonomenon is to Lo classed among tho inserutablo vagarls of Nacuro, but bigtory records muny avolacr of o kindrod uature, Tuo Princoss do Lamballo had a shuddering avorsion toa violot, Seoliger grow pmle bofure the water-cress, Lndy Honerwe, Indv-tu-waiting to Quecen Lhznboth, hated tho rane, und it {s even wmd that a Dblister was onco raised on her cheek by 8 romo being Inld upon it while sho slept.” Groby, tho comparer, and Anue of Austla bad the sune overpowering wversion to the queen of flowers, Ilontaiung prided himsel? upon an inheritod antipathy to medicine and physicians, which had descentded from futher to sou for two conturios, Jamos I, could not avoid a tromor at tha sight of cold steol, end, whan ho knighted Kenolm Digby his baad so shauk whilo polsing the royal blade that Buckingham had to taloe hold and worve {t to lts duty, Potor tho Great hnd a terror of wator, wlich throw him into convulalons when go muel a8 o brook intorcoptod his path 3 but, ko & hero or n sonuiblo man, ho rosolutely conauered the weakposs, aud fiually could rogard the rolling flood with perfect “equanimity, cortnin Duke of Muscovy wonld full ill at the sight of & womani and another nobloman was g0 distrosaod ub the sight of old womon that =t Inst he droppod dead whon some mischiovona friomds, Jllnyiug upon his weakaoss, suddenly rosentod hus beto noir before Lim and cansod Knr to address him in apecch, Dut tho list nught bo lengthened out indefi- nitely of thode wlio havoe eticrished inharont ane tiparhics to objects harmless or debghtful to tho goncrality of “mavkind, - Nothing in Art or Nature 18 8o ohariing to the sonso or the ming tlmt it has not been regaided oy an oceasionn] pecson with oxtiema and unacconntablo ropug. nance, Theso cnrions and striking froaks of temporament teach us how tho flosh may tytan- nize over the will, and how ofton erratio uoimms aud aotions axe Lo ba roforred to bodily idiogyn- orasies that ara almost, or altogother, boyond mental coutrol, @ NATIONAL MELODIE® I¥ FRANCE, France, at tho presont momont, {4 without n uational song i which to pour cus its Joyal en- thuslaem on omotionnl oconsions, Yhe **Mar- aoillaino "—ono of tha most atirring sud imposing souge that over came from a glowing Lialu and & pasafonnto loart—is the baitlo-hymn of tho tadical Ropublicans, or Comuunists, and eannot bo used wiilo law and order ngn i Purls, * Partant pour 1a Bvrie—a fevorite song, sald to linve boen wrijien by Quesn fHorrenss, motuor of {Lo late Empaor—is the (Nant of tho fmpo- 3 tinliate, aod tharefora Inapproptiate to ing stato of things, “Vn’xv: Honnt Qun‘lz-l: gxl{flfi ‘ On pout-on etro micux qu'nit eein 'da 84 famnllo #” aro equally unsvitablo, from the momories of offate nmovniohios. whicl thee call up ; whilo “La Pariyienno,” sprights Iy and popular as it s, boloogs to the Ravolution of 1810, and cloarly eanuot bo brought forward to-day. . Thus, whew, on sinte occariong, st dipinmnatio dinners, nnd court-banquets, tho hLoalth of the Promdent, Marshal MnoMation, 18 drauk, it must b {n sileico, saluted with uo mar. tinl stralog from clangiug braea and ponling trumpet, If a tonst to tho health of England's ({uum) bo proposad, thero fa the grand vld al them, **CGod Bava the Quoon,” to echo tho o thusiasm and suetam tho prido of svery Enghsh- may. Bhould the oup ba dralned {n honor of the inmata ot tho Whito fTousa’ nt. Waehlogton, the American may koop timo with lug eart=throbs to tho tuno of **Yankeo Doodie,” **ITnll Colum- bia,” or ‘“'Ihe Star-Spangled DBanner," which overy band lnows how to breathe ‘out with annur alllnlu but France—chnngetul, mutablo ‘ranco—lng como Lo that period jn Lier Iustory swhien shio bins no natjonal molody that will spenls tho feulings of tho hour, without an intormiug. ling of daugerous and disagroanblo assoclations, GERMAN LIBRAKIES, Gormany, the Jand of books and of anthors, is rlch in lluraries of groat maguitude and of veluablo contonts, Evory German scholar bos Lis colloction of [:rocious volumes, often num- boring many thousands, Porbaps fow of thess will bonst of covern, and, in thoir -plain, rough condition, thoy will not’ light up the sholves whera Ulioy rest ; but thoy wiil ba sure to possoss tho highest fubiinsic werit. Tho number nnd wealt 1 of the chior public libratios of Germany are shown fu the appended tablos Valwmen, danugerlpts 000 B0 Togal Liveary of Munleh, ., Royul Libeury of Leulin, + 09,103 University Library of Gotiinge Univernity Library of Brealat. Unlversity Library of Tubluge Univericy Library of Loiprly, Univoraity Library of Hod luerg.. University Libeary of Erlingou, o University Library of Bonn, TUL. ORIGLN OF THE ARADIC NUMERALS. Yaturoy, Dak, Ter,, Dac, :, 1871, To the Editor of The Chicaga I'mibune ! 8tn: In a recont ortiole answering a cor- respondeut’s mynlry, you give some iuteresting facts iu tho Listo y of tho Artbic numorals and thelr intradaction o Eurapo. You state, nleo, tho changos lu form which several of tho oumors als bave undergono, but add that their origin 1y uuknown, It lias lonrs boan an aceapted oninlon omong my pesocintos that oll our idens aud oXxpressio s of numerals by the decimal sys:em camo from tho primitive use of tho ligures of the two Lunda for tho purpose of indicating nwnbors, Al suvago tribos, when discovored, wsedithom, The Navajo Iudiaus aud other tribes 1 Anr.onn,, pars eularly the Moquis aud Zuwis, and tho Puob- los, supposod doscendanty of the Aztacs, o ro- lated people, uso a well-developed doclmal syse tem, Tho Nuv»\jns are ablo to enumerato largo uumbers, msay thonsands, aud to oxprevs them by the fingera and huuds, in connection with & fow words, ‘Thote, as I sm imformed by onp who recently studied them mtellizontly, ons may duily obkorvo all the rudiments of decimal suumeration, and sco plainly the otigin of it from the ton poiuts of tlio two bands. 8. the system doubtless originutod indegondently 4m0oni BOpAarate pooples, Aud 18 it not equally probablo that the frst writton expression of tho numerals copied rudely after tho fiugers aod houds in the olaracters nged ? 8o it must have basn in the systom of ltoman numorals, The one, two, threo, and four I's roprosent as many fingora ; tho V repre« souts tho fullrpread band; tho X two such hauds, So one can ubserve, but not so cloarly, au ovidenco of a similar origin for tho charac ter of the Arabio numorals. ‘I'ha character for 1 18 clenrly ono tingor. Ilold threo tingors of vour rigut bt ud befora you, elighly opened aud point- tug 10 the lofL ; thoy indicato the ongin of the nuwneral 3, Tho 4 i & combination of four ones or four imes, If the ruce which onginally used tho Aribic numerals had left manuscripts con- tainiog figures of a very early dato, we should doubtle:s bo able to traco the idea throughous ; but, na your article stated, mero convautionalit; 3 taste, or caprice, has vastly moditied tha carlies! known forus of somo of the charactors. Wa bos lieve, Lowovor, that the decimal {des, and the cnxliest characters used in wiiting to exprees the 00,050 70,000 50,000 120,060 digats, vioro derived from the fiugms ang haudg, D, ——— THE PALMER, A lioly mau retnrned from Paleatine Now lot the castic-gutea e opened swidel In Gud's nume bid Lim enter ; food aud wins Sel furth, thut 80 to him this even.tide uy Josous bo, Maybap it cuances no Thut Lo somewhat of our dear Liego doth know, Thy blesring, father |—Noy, but it and eat, A cup of water? Sura thy vows muat bo. Austora indecd, forbidding wine and mest On weaty Jourueys, Prithes now to me Oufold if uught thou kuowest of my lord, Wio weut to Paynlm lunds with bix good swozd, - Thou snsest well: ha was tha stafeliest knight That over warched to those far-distunt shores, God wot, I kuuw that on the breant of fight Ever in frout his «rested helmet towers § ‘Tho princo b wus of priuceliost Ohrfatian men, Waast must ho bo to frighted Saracen? L mind me, Palmer, haw my bogom swellod When tirst 1 saw hitm couch bis 1 eonousd lance; In merry Joust his valfant right arm quelled e best and bravest of the kniyghts of France, And whon victurions fn the gallant Tray Lo crownod mo Queen of Beauty on thiat dsy, And when he brought ms hither na his bride, And Lurougl theie gates we eutero ! naud in hand, No queen was ever tlushed with more of pride, No diwo 8o huppy wan i all the laud 3 And when ho armed bim for the boly war God speod 1 gave bim, thougu my Lioart was sore, Alaa the day! My merory lagers yet Upou the eone of partitig thut befull ; o utoopud bilim, wltio uls praucing steed did frob, “To kius tho litits child ho loved 80 well; Tuen steruly rode ho forth, my klugly ous, Aud all uts armor gistened n'tho sun, Geme bithier, Mubert1 This the comely boy 1 uold du wima the whilo s roda puce, Aly Hubert! “hou art wiiil my only joy{ oths ho not roveal bfs kufghtly rice 2 Wil ziot my lord, wien e duth cous uyatn, Rejuico to aee bis boy uduilzed of meny Thou trombleat with fatiguc, good Palmer 3 yet, Teforo thou guost Lo thiy resiy § pray, Toil we but this; By noble upouss Gath mes Wikl nunght of fil, 8o fur—eo fur uway ? What sayess thou, dreadful monk, beneath thy cowl® Perdition scize thes for thy tidiugs foul § Return no more again to Franco and mo? At Luuds of swarlly Foyulm usts o Uled? 18 tulien, Hieless body ton didst geo? desu bave merey ! Dowd | MI' lord is dead | Thou Liest, mouk! * Ali, pardon] See, I lru iy beart fis breaking, and wy Lralu doth reel Motter divine, support me! 0 ewcet Ghrist, to Thes A ptrivken, louely wonsun hera doth bow, Monk! Monkl What tushing eyes urs tnoss T sea? Sirunge stuture st thon gatien—cven now | Awayy Dfoar theo ] Wuat! in armor devst ? Doar lord, iy husbaud, tak mo 1o thy breast§ —Iritten by Leiey Arlarnight for recitation by isy lary L Rungon, —— Mind-Reading, AL u soolnl gathering in Springflold, Mass, Thaukegiviug wight, whero tfiuru were ahout forly porsons presout, thy topic of mind-rosds 1ug, the Union says, was introduced aud prace tedts woro made, which, to say tho loast, woro sigular iu their results, Most of thoed prosont - ecotted tho jdea that any ine Huoues by tho will conld bo exerted tg control tho actions of auothor. Buy thoss who submited o tho test wera foreed to admit that aither will or *involun. tary wusenlar acvon” did exert a powerful iullueuco in guiding them, T'he subject boin, bundiolded, the otuers would seloct sowe fanufe far objoot and plico it n » distaut part of thoe 100w, nouotimos fu sight, but at uther timos out of sight of tho operaturs, _Thon three, Tour, oy five would placo thoir hauds on tha back, shouls dows, und broast of the subject, tixing their winds on tho thiug to bo found, — In a fow min. utes the persun blindfolded would Login to move, somotimes sidownys, somo timos backward, and somotimes for- wid, but always in the dircction of the hidden attivlo, and ulways wheio it was placed. ‘Ihe test wna triod on & dozen dilforant persous, with dilferent oporators on each, {uken Iudiscrime nnlely from the company, and, with the oxception of ono ustance, with tho samo resuil, lach subjoct dosoribed the teeling as simply & dovive to movo off 1w the dwection taken, impellod by & sonso or fuohg that somo lntluenco was crowdg thom that way, whlle all the wperators acelared thoy weore unconseious of nx- orting uny musoular ‘forea whatover, As tho subjeot would ofien move off in s divaction tnag would necessitate two of the operstors 1o walk backward, wiila only ono would ba on the ope posito wide, theve would seem to be something cuides “iuvoluntary mncsonlar aotion 1o b accounted for. Mowt of the company, howorvor, wore wuconvinced of suy other power, At alf ovouts, they gob two or throo hotits of vory ox- Joyablo and mtorestivg experimonts,