Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, April 18, 1874, Page 9

NAPLES. *§eo Napoli and Dlo **---Painoramic and Introspectivo Viows of the - City. Street « Nuisances --- Beggars, Ped- dlers, and Flower-Girls, Tow Btreot-Traffio Is Carried On-..Yomen; Donkoys, Cart-Drays, Ete. lmproven'ients in the Last Dozen Years. How thoe Pcople of Naples Gain o Subsistence. ‘The ‘Consumption of Wino---No Drunken. ness in Haly, : Spectal Correspondencs of The Chieago Tribune, Navies, March 20, 1874, **8eo Napoli and dio,” {s an Italian saying, meaning that there is nolhing more worth lving for after onjoying tho aight, na it is the elimax of oartl's boauty and porfeotion. But tho prov- _2rb cannot apply, to an introspectivo view of -tho “city by any moans, anly to tho panoramic oue, which must include the bay, shores, mountains, Islands, hendlands, glons, plalng, valleys, vol- canocs oxtiuet nad activo, villages and villns, and, in short, tho wholo vista of 40 or 50 miles | called *Naplos.” Around this horseshoo-shnapod bay, with Naples at the too, is undoubtedly the MOST CUARMING AND DEAUTIFUL L * varloty and gombination of land and water, Lill and dale, of mirror brightuess and mountain ruggednoss, bluo skics snd radiant sunshine, to bo found on the feeo of tho onrth. A climato of delicious woftness, whero: no eharp extremes of heat or cold “put strifo botweon man and Nature.” Wooded helghts such us the gonius of Greak poetry peopled with bearded Satyrs and buskined wood-nymphs, and **mado vocal with the reedsof Pan and the lounds and horn of Artomis,” Over the wholo region thero is o smiling oxpreasion.of joy aud huppiness. Nature hins lavished her gifta with prodigal hand, and man has mado o park and gorden of bill and dule. Every square foot of the surfaco of tho enrth is cultivated to tho ut- most in vines and fruits, graing and grasses, shrubs nnd flowors, The population 21l around these enchanted shores nppesr good-natured and emiling; and among them, for many long conturios, there was' no discussion of polities, fcfence, litorature, or religion, but & uviform Jevel of IGNORANCE AND BUPERSTITION. It is only within a decade that they have awakoned from a slecp of twolve centurivs, and now, for the firat timo in fitty gonerntions, thoy bogin to think, read, doubt, discuss, and inquiro, But thero are those in Italy who ineiut that ig- noranco4s bliss, and that it is not only fally, but & orimo, to bo wise. p In the Oity of Naples thero are faw objects of ourlosity, except the peoplo and thelr mannors and customs. Thoro {8 no church or religious cdiflce, out of 800, which' desorves mention, ox- copt tha Convont of Sdn Martino, on * Mount Calvary;" and it is only romarkablo for its beautifal marbles, mosaies, aud pictures. Tho exterior of the building is plaiu and uninviting. There are no churches or public buildings whero architecture attracts the eyo; no private picturo- gallerios which roquire description. ‘hero aro no structures of any kind which will induce tho stranger to visit thom a socond time, except tho groat Royal Musoum, filled .with statuary, and objeots dug from tho ruins of Pompeii and Hor- culanoum. Tho'two Royal palaces—tho one on the bay and tho other on the hill overlooking tho city—contain many fino pictures, but cannot compare with what may bo soon in Romo or Tloreuce. Thoro areno *“ruins” of tho ancient Roman poriod to be scen in Noples ; nothing that anto- dates the poried of thoe Crusades. 8till, it fsn handsome city looked at inside, and exquisitely boautiful when scon from a distanco. Noearly all tho houses are fivo to moven stoFios high, and coverod with' colored stuccos, which imparts & smooth, bright nspect to tho strects a8 one passos through them, and, atn distance, makes tho great city glitter and sparklo in the sunlight. The stroct facing the bay is wide, and scveral milos 1n length, 1t is not con- tinuous to the view, but irregular and angnlar, and goos by wmany names. Itison thig wul Btreat o THE LAZZANONT swarm by thoussuds. Along the wide sldowalk, flagged with lava-stoue, they sit, m‘unt, ant sprawl, sunning thomselves, thick as flies about o bugar-hogshead. ‘Thoy are of all ages, and roxes, and dogreos of filthinoss, squalor, snd xags. Thoy have on eympathetic exhibition evory imaginable varioty of eripplos, balt, Inme, and ‘blind, who aro thrust at tha porsccuted stranger who walks this chief thoroughfare. In whining nccents and plteoun monns, they bosccch him -~ for — coppers with which **to buy macaroni”! The distorted limb, the urmloss or logless trank, or festering eore, or oyeless sookets, are prozentod to him by tho ragged keopos or business partners of tho dismal objoct, L'uko.out & handful'of pennics nand bogm distributing them, and instantly you are surrounded by scoros of other maimed, dis- torted, legleas, oyoless, aged, or tottering mendi- csnts. Movo on o8 rapidly as passiblo, and thoe interestingcrowd will olamor aud -yoll at your Leals for & longdistance, angry and importunato ; {or, if you give toany of thom, that Becms-to o8- tablish tho right of all the other beggers in the vicinity to demand alms, which, if ro- fueed, brings down curses and impro- cations on " -your henda. Seovoral other gtreots a0 nlso infosted - with this woful humen vermin, but none so badly. ‘The reagon iy, the atreot 18 very wido; it fronts on the bay ; it is sheltered from the south winds from the mountning, and is always warm im win<" tor ag woll ns suinmer, and, six diys out of soven, the sau shines down upon it ; bosidos, all straue gors muvt pass through it, and it is, therefore, tho favorito Jounging-place of tho idls, worths Jeus lonfordom of Naplea. Travelers who visited this city conturios ago deseribe this grme oluss of mondicant wretchion sprawling on this same stroot aud importuning strangors for monay, # for tho apke of tho Virgin and'all the -Suiuts," They eocom to constituto & soperata stratum of Nenpolitan socioty. They are not moroly tho dregs or residuum’ of Lapless povorty and nis- ery which one fiuds in poor-houses in other countries, but thoy conatitnte o DISTINOY AND TRANSMITTED OLASS, Their fathers tnd motliors, aud_ groat-grand- fathers aud great-graudmothors, were lazzaroni, and Legged for s living, snd their childron aftor them wfil also bd loaforish mondicancs, if the Govornniont continues_to pormit it, All over Ttaly this miserable, disagrceablo: class oxists, nd has ovor oxistedl sinco Nowmo lell, and the night of jgnoranco and euporstition spread fts durk shroud over the old Empire. Dut in Naples it is found in grentest strength and most aggra- vated form. Ilomo is noxt worst, or rather was until threo yoars ugo. Binco tho Italinns ostab- Jished thoir National Cupital in Rome, & great chango for tho botter'lns oceurrod. Fouf-fifthy of thie mondicant class havo dinappesred, aud the visitor i no Iongor serionsly annoyed, al- though there is still too much strool-bogging. This'improvemant is nuoribod to tho botter police rogulations, aud to the now demand for labor, nnd opportunitios for obtaining nml’)laymun&. cnnsod_ by ecstublishing tho Capital in Romo, Tt iv Naples thoro Las boon no suclh Incentive o the Inzzaroni to take up their rags und work, It is not ouly tho Mendicant race who live out of doory in Naplos, but ssomingly the GREATEL PART OF THE POFULATION, Al kinds of- trados which enn'bo eavriod on ont- fit-doors sre oporated on the sido-ywalke, Shoo- makars,cobblers, tailors, basket-makers, aud fifty other kinda of trades, are conduoted along tho walks, whore tho sireots nre wido enoughi Woimen may everywhore bo geen spinning flax with & curious littlo contrivance, cousiuting of & distaft for bolding tho flax, which Is dextorously whirled round by the flugers aud thumby and dropped in the i, end, ug turny, 1t twiste the thread. irpousands of womon ara thus employod on tho stroots, nnd othor thousands In knitting, sowing, avashing,—all surrounded by troops. of dirty, raggod childron, urnnplugr or rolling about the doors, in tho aunshine. ‘Tho old oranes aro gons orally scen nmrluyud in soarohing for parasitos in tho hends of theso broods, and not in vain, Fino-tooth combn and soap seom to be unknown among these clneses of pooplo, Thoro fu another form- of stroot-lte, which is almout au nunoying as tho boggars, and that iy TICE FEDDLERS, Ono {8 besot nt evory stop to buy somothing, and, it you-do it; yoi are instantly. surroundod by n clamorous. traop of other paddlors, all chattoring, gesticulating, and vooiforating b ouco,—orio-tonth of “tho words_ balng _in Inglish, unother tonth fu- Tronch, n fow in Gorman, nud tho remnindor i a quedr Ttalion batois, If you walk along tho stroot without & ¢ang in ono hand, and as many_bouquots as you can carry in the othor, you are followed and sur- rounded by fellows, wiih an armful-of caucs, dlamoring for & bid, *Mako mo offer!” *'Take it0b 0—5—4—8—h—1 franc."- * How much? Mako mo offer|” Thoy will commenes by in- ?.luung that you ehall purchaso o walking-atick out from the tomb of q’lrgll," or " trom Pom- Peil,” or “ Vosuviua;" and, after following you a long distanco, will finaily'exclalm, " Wall, tako itnt 1" francl™ Most_of tho straot-nulsancon tatk brokon English, Frorich, and: German.. It you aro riding .in .a cab, . you will bo besotat ovory step to purchaso bouquets, by troops of DAREFOOTED FLOWER-GUILS. Thoy will offor you a boautiful ross-bud or other boutouniore, or a nosogay, for a cont ; and pross on you a bouquot Inrgor than your hat, and mado up artistically of o variety of bonutiful aud sweet-smolling flowers,. for & frano,—20 contn in depreaintod ourrency, . Such bouquots canuot bo hiad in'Chiengo in winter for 810 spleco. ‘Tho market-gardencrs bring into.tho city, every day, bundreds of donkey-oart-londs of” flowors an lonyos, andsell thom to,the flowor-poddiors, who make thom up, with tho asslslanco of their mothers and youngar brothors and. sislors, and then rotail thom all about the city, But tho oanos and flowers arc only two out of A MUNDUED RINDS OF TIINOS rossed on tha sirangor by . strect-peddlors. Thero aro letogrn hic viows of Vosuvius m grand eruption; mullitudes of views of build- ingsaud tomples inPompoli, and pictures. of statuary and articles taken'from tho ruins ; and views of Naples and the bay from overy point of viow. ,The shop-windows ave also full’ of theso photographio viows of all sizos, And thon thoro are tho hundrods of coral-peddlors, with corals of ‘overy possiblo shapo and kind, for sleove- Luttons, shirt-stude, onr-riugs,- brenstpius, bracelots, lockots, otc., eto., who thrusttheir small wates in youe faco at ovory stop and turn. The. shell and poarl-peddlers * are nonrly ns plontiful, and cqually s importunnto, as tho cornl-donlors, Then como tho fruit-peddlers, offering you five large, swoet orangos forsn oont a plece, nud a fig thrown into tho bargaln if vou hesitate. Orangesaro brought into Naples all tho wintor, na plontifully ns penches oud nplflea into Qlveago in the fall, or moro so. T'ho etroot-traflic is earricd on in throo modes: Firat, by the primitive mothod of - : CARRYING BURDENS ON THE HEAD, Noarly avuryth(n%wnluhlug lees than 150 pounds is thus convoyed by men and wyomon,—cspeeially womoen, In making excavations for buildings, the carth I8 carried out in baskets on tho hoads of mon and womon,—the lattor working for less than a frauc & day, and tho former for s frano and o balf (30 conts), Brick,‘stone, and mortar, for buillding housgs, ave also carried in bas- kots, bags, or boxos, on the hend, up laddors five, six, or moven storics high. = On the hend is n‘ued o flat pieco ot matting; whiok easos tho hard pressuro on.tho skull, and widens the pointon which tho load rests. It wasa strange sight to geo scores of women eclimbing up laddors with heavy burdens of building ma- *terinly on their heads, and toiling thus for & fow pencea ds{. The noxt modoe of strect-conveyanco ie. THE DONKEY AND TIE MULE, which alusx‘ulong undor a pack-saddlo and an onormons load, gonerally with.its owner ou top of it. The burdens scom out of all proportion to tho size of thoso diminutive brutos, - How a littlo donkey, ecarcely larger thau n slicop, can earry o load that would scem oppressive fora horde, and, ‘astrido of tho mighty burdon, a avarthy Tiolisn -who is larger than tho donkoy., {8 & mystery which “no fellow can fud out” Nothing can ba ssen of the infinitenimal borst ns it thus hobblos nlong, savo its cgrs, which aro only less con- spicuous than its voico, - It is vory. pleasant to heara fow -hundred dookeys convorsing. with each otlior, on tho ptroots, in thoir peculiarly dulcat toney, which can be beard for & mile or two. Thoe donkoy ia cmployed to pack every kind of commodity and thing. Tio. markot- gardenera bring in their vogetables on thom for 10- miles nround. In the narrowest atroots, where carts cannot pass each othor, or hardly got throngh singlo flle, tho donkeys aro ex-~ clusively used o pack fuel, food, and all tho commerce of tho stroct, aud to boar away ‘tho nashes, sbrogt-awoepings, night-soil, and every other refuse, out ivto the ficlds and gardens. " THE YEMICLES . ¥OR TRAFFIO consist of & combination of tho cart and drav,— tho body of the latter mountad on tho wheeld of the formor ; but the wheels are one or tyyo foot higher than those of the Amorican cart, ahd tho slinfts arohield or fastoned to thio baok-saddloby o neculinr arrangomont on a lovel with tho baclk of tho horse, aud ofton higher than the animel, I do not. think there is & wagon in Naples,~por- haps not in Italy ; 1have Dover sccn any. Eve- orything not carrled on womon’s honds or don- keys’ backs is mountod on the universal eart- dray. Threo horses, or a -gpmbination of horse, ox, cow, mule, and donkoy, aroe hitched abreast to o cart, if tho lond is hoavy. In Romo the custom 1s to hiteh tho animals tondem, I have scen coming in from the couns try & cart with a couplo of tons of old grapavino brush-wood, or poplar-clippings, or other fucl, drawn by & big, white, long-haired ox in the ‘shafts, aided by & small mulo on one slda and its little donkoy daddy on_the other, Sometimes the cart may bo seen rolling along drnzfi;ad by s horso in the shalts, and o Loifer for s holper on ona pide nnd an nss on tho..other. Vory fro- quently It is 2 mula and & donkey, ora cow and a donkey; end somotimes threo oxen abresst furnigh tho motive powor, Many of the carts aro drawn by one little donkoy and an old woman, who hogm it to pull up bill, but rides on thelond on the down grado. At firat thoso sights attract tho attention of the travoloras something curious or comical ; but, in timo, thoy' almost escaps his attention, snd scarcoly canse o thought or emile,—suck is tha lovoling powor of habit, Ono conforms to strange castoms more readily than mlfi:hl be supposed, apleg and all other Italinn cities are amply supphod with ONL-TORSE AOKS, or cabs, with a fulling top, which can bo raised if it rans or ia too warm, *Fhe usual chargo is o frano for the * course,”—that is, from uny point in & city to any othor, Thua, in Naples, ono can ba conveyed 2 or 3 miles for a‘frapc. ‘T'he nativos, however, only pay 13 centa for tho *course;” but o stranger nover thinks of offer- ing loas than & frano, or 20 cents, which includes *$ pour-boire,” or drink-monay, s it is called in Franco ; but, in Italy, all Fmbultlca g0 by tho namo of “ macaroni-money.” B THE HORSEY sizo and appearanco. It is truo they are tough, and can ondure much bardship, and thoy sre coustantly put to tho test. As a rulo, they are ill-fed and badly-abused crenturos; and, as com- pared with tho horsos-in Chicago, thoy are a sor- 1y-lookiug lot ot brutes. 'Tho cark and cad drivers of nll tho Itelian citios .which I have visitod nhamemllfl maltreat their horsos, - I'ho Tnglish in *Italy have ostabliehod soclotios in tho ohief citios, including Rome, Naples, Flor- ones, Milan, and Gonovn, for tho prevention of and . watch _the drivers, and have thom arrosted - and flnod for . ovorloading, boat- ing, and starving thoir lorses. Tha Inw whicks the Englisl scourod tho pasango of Iy striob enough, but the dififculty 1u to got tho nolico to ouforco it, as they are perfectly indif- foront to the abuso of tho poor dumb animals, whiok is the result of long' hubit as well as bar- barous instinets, Al iguorant peaplo are oruel townrds domostio animala. Barbarity s tho off- spriug of Iguorance, In those paragraphs I havo not drawn'a flattor- ot be said {u their behalf: that TUEY IIAVE GREATLY IMPROVED durlog tho last dozon yunrs. Before tho revolu- tlon which du}vnsud tho ‘Bourbon dynasty, thuro wore 50,000 of the lnzzaroni or mondicant-class ; the number bas since thon diminished one-balf. : ‘Chers woro no publlo sohools'in 1859; there are 20,000 childran” of tho poor mow in daily attendanca thoroat, Orime lina :boon -groatly ropresscd ; assassinations, rohborles, larconics, burglarios, aro far loss froquent, The polico are mora vigilant and actlve in arresting law-broaks org and na{l‘lng the oriminal classes undor sur= yeillanco, "Thera aro bottor rogulations about the dopots and wharves for the pratoation of straug- orss from _impogition aud rolbory. Pravious to tho-vovolution of 1859 the mountains of. Bouth- orn Ttaly sud Siclly swarmed with highway rob- bera and freobooters, and traveling therein was attended with great personal rlsk, T'ho stago- conches wore constautly utu[mnd‘ and the pas- sengord plundored of tholr valuables ; and thoso of .them.who wero unppmmd to lLave. woalthy couneotions worn carried oft into the monuisin fastnonsas a8 prisoners, and kept in durance vile until ransomned at enornious prioos, or murdorod it they Ahdm‘l’)ml toesoapa,: Thouo bandits have noarly alt. boon tracked . to their hidlug &lmu by.tho soldiors, and shob or hanged. - The overnmont. {s construgting military . roads in wvory. direotion nnmuf tho mountalns, whioh on- ablea tho goldlars to follow and Ii“mm tho robs bors,” who numbered sovoral thonsand s fow oars ngo, and who subsistod by making ralds on ho villages and by robbing travelors... In go- ing about by ral or turnpile.now, m Southorn Italy in porfent safoty, tho travolor can havo bue slight concoption of tho stato of tho country whon infestod by robbors, aud of tho dangors that woro incurred fiftoon yoora ago, undor tho old Bourbon regimo, It is & constant mystory to travolors Low all tho people of Naples MANAGE TO GAIN. A SUDAISTENOE, Hore aro 550,000 inhabitants in tho ecity propor, and -50,000. moro in tho suburban villagos, ow do all theso 600,000 poople livo? The-tiado and commoroa of - Naples aud suburbs do not appoar to bo one-tonth part as much ns that. of Olicago, which has only 400,000 population 3 and yot tho trado of tho lat- tor Is not sufticlont, at_all times, to givenll its peoplo omploymont., . Naples is not o gront rail- road contro like Chienga., Ono railroad ontors it from tho south ; a sodond rune oast across tho poninauls, to Brindisl, 120. miles ; and a third oxtonds n short distanco south ;.and that om- bracos the whole systom. Tho cxiy 18 open totho sea, and two or throe lincsof stonmers touch horo on tholr routes, A ewarm of fihermon’s smncks malo. this tholr hosdquartors, schooners - from Bloily bring cargoos of orsugos and . fige, tho coral-diverssond their products to tho manu- : facturers- of Naplos. Tho surplus olive-oil of tho country sonth. finds its market loro, Bome millions of bottles of wine, of threo famil- 1ar brauda,—Capeis, Falornian, aud Lachryma- Christl,—aro produced in the vinoyards of the of Naplen and Southorn Italy are vory inferiorin cruelty to horees: - Thoy hire men to go about: ing pioture of the Neapolitans, Dut this tuch. noighborhood for exportation. ‘rhero is:also & oongidorablo oxport of macaroul to foreign countrios, and also of mauufacturad coral-orna- monty, Thoso embraco.the bullkt of the foroign commerco of Naples. . Thoir agrogato amonnt caunot oxcoed a fow millions of dollars. Dub aalum aro wwo athor rehources which constituto o JMATN' RELIANOR OF.THE PLACE. : Tho firsb is foreign visitora; the second; the Innded nobility. Sovoral- thousand English, at- tracted by the mildnossof tho:wintor-climato and tho goninl brightness of: tho ‘skics, a8 comparad with thelr own foggy, wot, aud dismal climato in wintor, and for tho oharms. of the sconery Toronbouts, spond threo or four months in Naplos overy soason. Many of. thom own vil 1as horo, and keop horses znd emln?uur and om-~ ploy a troop of- sorvanta, Noxt to the - English, oro theRussians in point'of. number snd oxpondi~ tures, ‘Then como govoral hundrod Awmerivans and Gormans, and ocensionally o Fronchmas but the lattor ratoly travel abroad. Tho foroign- era flll tho hotals and *‘pensions ;" give oocupa- tion to tho cabs and osrringes, and the cicoronea who pilot them all around; patronize tho opovas; support the Inzgaroni, on grounds of: charity: purchase enormous quantitios of coral and sholl oronmonts, bronzos, ‘‘Pompeil ouriositics™ (mnnuncmmd%. and photographic views of scenery, Vosuvius, and other things; snd learn to cat macaront. Naplos is the old Capital of Southorn Italy, in- clnding the large Tsland of Sicily, ombracing a population of 8,000,000, and occupying & torri-~ tory of norhaps 80,000 equare miles, or half- the aros of Ilinois, The land bolongs mainly to THE NODLES, who rent it to tenanta in small parcols, or patoh- ea; at a rontal based on Linlf: tho anuual produe- tion in crops and cattlo. These nobles, to tho . number. of sovers! thouseuds, reside, for the grontor part of the yonr, in Naples, nod thers spoud the bulk of their incomo, 1t is their groat ambition to own a villa and a splondid turn-out. But if thoy. cannot-afford both, : they ocouny o “flnt” in somo high, yellow-stucoco building enlied o *“ palaco,” and diaplay thomselvos evory nfternoon on tho drive-ways, bobind their high- stapping English thoroughbreds, encased in gold-mounted horness, in an opon carriago, drivon by a-conchman in fantastic livery, soatod boside a lnckey equally gorgconsly bodecked. Tather than forego this. eatablishment, thoy will livo in the most parsimonious maunor, in tho sky-story of a mo-callad palace. Dut moat of the nobility are able to keopa house and tablo full of servants, as their wages aro & moro riflo, and a little macaroni : and oheap vagatablos. guflice for food., Torty or ‘fifty thousand por- sona iniNaplos flnd omploymont rnd: subsistence. in this eort of servico. Of couras, the dry-goods dealors, tho jowolers, milliners, tailors, and shoomakors, are patronized from.tho samo . wourco; to sny.nothing of tho grocors, confoc- tionors, druggists, ote, Yot, uflor -making. that allowance for all the foregoing sources of om- ploymont, and adding in the military and naval expenditares, it i atfilu puzzlo to account for the aubsistanco of 600,000 human . beings. - And it can only be done on thobasis of the hvpothesin that ench porson consumes but very.littlo;. that everything is choap; and that the wants of tho mMagsos aro FEW, STMPLE, AND® EASILY BATISFIED. Thora i8 no winter in Naples to bogin with, although the Iatitude {s noariy that of Chicago. House-ront is not not onc-quarier as hich as in Amorican citlos, Fuelcosts but a trifle, as no firos nre maintained, oxcopt for purposes of cooking; and a haundfal of twigs or a faw pounds of prepared pont are suflicient to boll the pot of vegetables and: coffeo ‘and cook tho magaroni. Al broad is bonght from the baker. Tish are plontiful and cheap; “ogga not denr, - Moat is raroly enton, A very littlo money will provide all tho clothes that are needed in' this warm climate ; and clothing and tailoring cost Tess than half, hardly a third, asmnch ag in - Amorica. The “”“{‘,“‘ who go_ barofooted the yoar round outnumber those who are shod. In 8hort, n frang will go a8 far in tho support of a Inboring man’s family ag a dollar will in Cbi- engo ; and it roguires hore as many hours’ work tocarn a frano na it take to-earn a dollar at +homo, I was assurad that the wealthior clags of fomilies—tho nobility—nead not nocessarily ox- pend moroe than 10,000 fo 20,000 francs por An- -uum, or $2,000 to 84,000, to maintain their posi- tion in rooiety. Among the economies practiced is tho EXPESDITURE FOR STIMULANTS. The people drink wino, which the masses ob- tain for less tlian half & frano & bottle: that i, a quart of wino for 8 to 10 cents. The bost qunlitics cost 1 to 2 fraucs » bottlo, which is tho sort tho nobles consumo, Wine horao is a8 choaj ad cider in America, A few porsons drinl ‘brandy, which is choaper hore than whisky tho Statos, Boer is not consumed by the natives hero, or, indeed, in auy part of Italy. The Italians nover scquired o tasto for malt liquors, but have loved wino from tho oarhiost ages, It is only the Toutoma races, including thoir Drit« ish half-cousins, who havo & consuming passion for Dbrowery-products. But, while wino 18 tho common beverago of the Noapolitans, thoy nre raroly or ever seon intoxicated. In tho month I hovo boon ‘in this clty, Ihiave yot-to sco a drunk- on man or woman ; nor can I'hear of any. Ital- inns assaro me that it is » vory rare ocourrence, aud almost wholly restricted to sailors. Drunk- enness {a regarded with a specios of horror and nstonishmout, nnd stuks tho porson guilty of it to tho.lovol of & criminal, As the Governmont lovics a small tax on wine, the aguregato of this impout exhibits by compu~ tation tho total consumntion in Naplas, which' appoars to bo_nboit 5,000,000 of francs' worth per aunum, which is 81,000,000 worth for 600,000 inbnbitants,.or $1.06 per capitn. Compora this oxpenditure with tha 10,000,010 & yoar spent in Chiongo, mainly for whisky, by a populétion of only two-thirds of that of Naples. Thero are avout 1,000 chuu in Naples whoro wines aro gold, agninst 8,000 ealoons in Chicago. The Naples winea contain an averago of 41¢ per cont of aleohol, whick is nboit ono-tonth of that con- tninod in Chicago. ardont, though subatantially tho samo as that {n Inger-boer. Throughout 1taly this mild stimulant isthe common buvurn;%), in connection with coffos and milk; and tho cople think it no moro harmful to mbibe Lhe ono than the othor, for the simple roagon thatneither tho fact nor the iden of intox- \ioation ia connacted with tho drinking of wino, moro than with drinking coffeo, Ono mny travel ow‘:‘r Italy in evory direotion for a whols yoar, an NOT BEE OR NEAR 10 o native in a stato of intoxicution, The bost tost of the matter 14 found in tho polico-roports. In tho cities of tho Unitoed Statos, nino-tonths of the arvests made Ly the police are for * drunk and disordorly,” and - othor assigned cnuses tracoable to whisky, InItaly nat ono arreust in ta hundred ie, or can bo, attributed to intoxien- tion ¢ and the fow “‘deunks " are moutly sailors, ; and thoy .chlefly English, Irwh, and Americsn sosmon, .The national polioe-reports, rado up “for all TItaly for. 1873, and recoutly pubilahod, clpssifiod the offenses, Tho majosity aro for poity. larcony, and other orimes against ‘property. A largo numbor wero for ughway-robbery; ~ many for agsassination, shooting, stabbing, fighting, and | quarrols,—for the Itallans are an oxcitablo poo- ple, and too much given to the uso of the knifo u tho poitlomont of thelr porsonal dlsputos. Tut, of tho total pumber -of arrests, footing up a quartor of a.million ar more, durlng tho year, Turdly 1 por cont wan mado for Inobriatios, It wonld bo as uttorly impossible to-. inaugurato o tomporanco or toatota lorusade fn Italy an it would to inaugurate onoin Amerlon ngainst tha popu- Iar condumption of tos or coffoe, Anattompt of the kind wonld be mot with the same feollng nud samo kind of argnmont, for the reason that the torriblo evils of drunkonnoss aro UNKNOWN AND UNFELT, Tho domon of Intoxleation has fow subjeots fn thus country, to attrack muok sttention, or arouss muoh.opponition. In Groat Britaln it ia vory different. Thera tho travolor will encountor drunken . .mon snd . women in ovory olty, snd #eo tho . polico _dragging thom oft to prison, and car drunken quarrols going on in_tho dmmmhofu; antl, in tho quartorr ocoupled by the Inboring oo, ho muat shut bls eyes it ho would not be- old’ sights and sconcs of vico and squalor caused by drunkennesy, too horriblo for dosorip- tion, .Grent Britain and Ireland nro whisky- drinking countries, whore peoplo pour diatiilod nlcohol; burning Lot, down thoir throats ; whilo, in Ttaly, thoy contont themsolves with tho mild Juico of thelr vineyards, which oxhilaratos, but ot inebriates ; which satisfios the oravinga of human lppulllo for etimulntlon, withous do- throuing ronson and couverting men into mas niacs. J. M. WORKINGMEN AND INFLATION. To the Editor of The Ohicago Tribune: _Bni: Is not therecontanflation act of Congresa tho natursl responss of thnt.body to tho lnst winter's actionand attitude of go largo a portion of {ho laboring-mon of tho country? And, it tho evil {a to bo arrosted, should not laboring mon, fn tholr distinctive charnctor, malke a pro- test ngalnet the disnstrous policy? Enrly lnst winter we soomed to havo reached o specle-basls, and many articlos of use and nocessity sold for prices suited to this old standard of values, No clags of community exhibited such unflinching opposition to a return to- specie-valaation as did our workingmon, thousands and teus of. thou- sands of whom proferred pauperism to work for wages at old pricos. All othor classes of com- munity seom moro willing to como back to specto-paymonts than. do the workingmen; who stoadily Liold out for tho samo number of dollars thoy received during the war.: They appoar to mako no allowance for. the groeator value of thae dollar; Lnst winter it would buy ton yards of muslin,—just such mnslin as sold, in war-times, for 75 centsa yard ; but those to whom ohenp muelin moans 8o much rofused to sooe tho diffor- onca botwoon: ton: yords and ono-and-n-third, They steadily resistod any. chango, excopt such s svould give them more dollars, Tho value of tho dollar is & matter of secondary importanco. Thoir ory is, Give us :dollars, dollars, non- rans! Congrees. hina -responded. The littlo roon pleturos are to bo forthcoming, and thero 8 no sign that the Iaborers of the country are’ not snited with tho arrangomont, or that thoy will not continuo to demand dollars, until overy man has'a barrel full in the pantry, and would bo glad_to-exchenge it for oune of flour, if he could, Why will not \\'orkinfimun 8ee tho mis- chief that has boen done by the most unthrifty portion of their number, nud tako some stop toward proventing the impending calamity of a roturn to war-measures and war-prices, in tho midet of penco and plonty? Cho majority of workingmeu—thoso who roally do work—must ioo tho dangor of such & policy; must 800 it, if onco thoir attontion is called to it; and they should not bo too busy Lo make somo earnest protost. It is & groas injustica to thomaolves to ermit tho noisy und idle portion of their num- or to misreprosont tham, and placo thom, as o class, in opposition to thoir own and the gonornal wolfaro, ot Intolligent, honest workingmon como out and protest against tho issuo of. this inconcoivable amount of papor dollars, which must raise tho prico of any necessary and com- fort of life, support s horde of middlemon and spoculators ab the cost of tho Inboror, malke tho poor poorer and thie rich richer, aud injuro our natlonal credit at home and abroad. JANE Gney SWISSHELM, ——— "THE JUSTIFIABLE SUICIDE. T met him on'the boller-deck as wo salled out of port, 1fo scomed to bu & gontloman—ono of tus better sort’; J3ut he had s moet forocious look, n manincal Ataro— Buch as hunters find in tigers whon they rouso them from thelr lafr, Wo met agaln ot even, when the cabin lampa wora lif, 3o did by an snolent fomala in tho aftor-cabin wit, Then ho wore a Jook of socrow—such a fearful look of woe, 2 P Nlnll:n with Jier children on tho printed canvas Blow, ¥ Ana wclm:! again at midnight a8 we glided down the atream, And gll sround. wos stiliness savo the 'scaping of thoe steam : Then he had s look of wildness—of misery snd de- spar, Asho 55:nd Into tho watars, 8a i€ something drow him iore. 1 sought a conversation, snd aslied him if be know ‘That ywo wero on A. dangerous bont, and-had a des- erate crow 7 It Yfirfi that tho engineers woro carrying tho ateam 80 Ligl That any minuto w might .bs meandering to'rds tho By, Aud that {ho piots both wero druak, ot #0 I nder- stood, That thoy might sink nn heaven thoy sould ! ; “The strangor cricd, - But no such lack will o'er bo on tho rocks—“I wish to ming, I trow, Tor deatl in any sbape would be a ploasure to mo now, 4 I'vo sought it at tho cannon's moutlt and on tho raglug eas, . And o tho Curadon-Amboy rond—and places such na thouo 3 ¥ ‘Why will it.fleo? Tho youngand gay aro called away too Eoon, Whle I'am It who many years havo oraved itas 00n I trled to cheor this gloomy man, and draw his thoughts away ¥rom dwelling on such dlamal things: *8it down my friend, I pray; Havo you u0 loving' wife or child~no chorished kin- rod dear, 18 thera no one you love on earth~-no Hes to keop you hore? #Who is that eldor Indy Who {s traveling with you now; Can ghe not cloar awsy the gloom whick mottles on your brow? 2 An! ihore she comes—I'll ask hor ald—most surcly you'll rapent.” ~ But up o Jumped—Lirow off hls lit—and overboard 0 went, Iturned: to where tho- lady stood, and spoke to this oifoct 4¢Madow, you're his mother-in-law 2"—she calmly sutd, Gorract i1 St Louis Republican, —_— A Good Story. Tondon Correspondence of the New York Herald. Here is 8 good story which - has not yot found its way into print, but for the truth of which I can vouch. Lord Goorf g0 Gordon, u young man h of four-and-twenty, wishing to mmry a certain young lady, went quita rocently to ask the por- mission of his fathor, tho Dukioof Argylo. Tha Duke, & pompous_littlo man, replfed in offeot, ¢ Ny son, 8inoo our house has boen honored by Loing united with the Royal fawily, Ihave thought it right to delogate a dacisiva on nll such mattors to your aldor brother, the Marquis of Lorno, Go, thoraforo, and. constlt him,” Tho Marquis of Torue, on being apphed to, seid: “ 1My dear brotuor, in & cago of importunce like this I shbould fhink it right to ask tho declsion of the Queon, tho bond of tho Royal family,‘ivto which X have married.” Tho Quoon, on tho matter bo- ing Iaid bofore hor, doclarod {hot eince her tor- riblo beranvement she hud boen in tho babit of taking no stops without consnlting the Duke of Baxe Coburg, the brothor-of hor deconsed hua- boud, To the Duke, then, the mattor was re- . forrod, and from Lim o latter wus received tolling his . doar mmter-in-law that yo- cent politionl events bad induced him to do nothi even o8 to tho -giving i, Bdvloo. witliont the: axpred bnGuIzaNos ot the TEmperor William, bofore whom he had laid tho matter. Tho Emporor William wroto & lon; lotter, declaring that though ho was surrounde: hr counsallora, thera was only one who had an all .occasions proved himself corract, loyal, and fusthiful, and without whosa advive ho (the Lm- ruror) would give no dooision, Theroforo ha had roforrod tho mattor to his faithful Ministor, Prince Bismarclk, ¢ Aud it ju narratod that whon Princo Dismarok was mado aequainted with the subjoot, ho roared out, “ Gott in ITimmel, what a fuss ahont nath- ing! Lot tho boy marry whom. ko pleases, so Ioug a8 vho is young and protty.” —————— Molooh in America. In Ohioamouad of novel charactor hasre- contly beon out through, in order to muke the npymnn}.\ to the' Newtown briages noar Oincin- uatl, It was evidontly tho debris of. a hugo snc- rifico of childron, A “spaco twonty-five foot in dipmotor had .been coverod. with an .immenso hoap of wood, .then it was ot ou fire, and the obildron wore probubly tossed into it ono by one, as in tho anciont sncrifloos to Moloch, ‘Flia heut was avidontly intenso and long continuad, as tho ground plaiuly showed the olfoots of violont con- lagration, Ad wsoon as the saorifice was. com- Pluud aud tho firo had diod out, the remaing of Lo viothns woro all raked togather In thio contra, and thou tho mound was’ rajsed In o vory ro- murkablo way, Boil was_bronght, apparontly by difforent triboa from different loealitios, and each yarloly was oarefully doposited by {tuulf, 8o that the difforoncos womulvnrlf distinguisha. Dlo, The romalns collocted consluted mostly of juwa and teeth of childron, A pieracd taoth of s rodent was found, which had evidontly boon usod asan oruamont. 'The romalua will boplaced {u & wuvoum at Llsiuyille, O, sumor {8 to linye the monopoly all T THE CHICAGO. DAYLY" TRIBUNE: ‘SATERDAY,: APRIT,! 18,. 1874, — e eereeeemee—— e e e L I 9 THE FARM AND GARDEN. An Gla umbng, in o Now Locationes Tho Origin of tho SwunsPium as Yot o ltdden Nystory==About Sot. tng - Hens--Sooding the Orchird Planting Potatocs in o Gardotes 'tde 1he Dairy«Cown’ Over o it == Abortion s="f'he Grangoes. Or0 Gontses'Tlho Kest Brecd of Rigs==Tho Wenther, From Our Agricuitural Correspondent. Ottanratan, T, Apcll 16, 1874, THE SAME OLD HUMBUO. The-groat O, Q. D. Bupply Store of Amerlea g just appointed “Tho Farm and Gorden's agont for tho salo of thelr tickots. ‘Thia plau of selling tiokets, aud giving you oholesof their goods, {4 tho samo as that of the Union Supply Company of Chicngo, with which tho publie aro alrendy familiar, as Tne Trinuse gave o full ac- count of tho working of tho syatem at tho timo. ho tickots aro okl nt 25 conts oach, 5 conts of which is to. ba rotained by the agent, snd to' which is ndded a promium, on the salo of §100 or more, of & hico percontage. As tho sales must Lo Intgo, *“The Farm oud Garden" propoues to inveut the profitain tha s GHEAT BWAN PLUM, Intely discovered. Br. Nuring (Nu-ring) srites mo that ho{s now ongoged in solving tho prob- lem whothior the awan-plum trees grow from real plum-pits that the ewans hrought to the door- yord of the old hiormit, or grow from thae swan's oggs. In excavating about tho roots of tho treos, Lo has found remaina of both plum-pits and, ogg-sliolls, Ho submittod theso to tha old- est Indy of his nequaintance, aud slo insinuated that tho old hermit had thrown both of Lhem out of hia kitchen. This opinion has thrown 80 much doubtas to tho origin of this plum, that Mr. N, is in o quandary: but Lio snya thint tho mystory shall bosolved if Lo dios in the attempt. In tho meantimo, until this s olved, ho will roturn ell tho monoy sont him for clons, a8 ho i» dotermined that at least ono now ' fruit shall bo sent out with s cloan bill of salo, and he don't eare o cent whother the plum camo from tho swan's eggs, or.whothier it grow gpon-' tanconsly from the &pot whore tho swans mado thelr night-bivouae, st tho door of the hermit. Some of Lis noighbors have suggostod that ho lonya tho question to be voted on by the horti- cultural societios; . but other porsons sny that, under that plan, wo havelad too many humbugs olready. 3 Bo far this ngenoy has received only ton tickots of the groat . O, D., but can hinve thom a8 fast a8 the monoy 18 sent in. It looks like o big thing, Wo of the rural districts road some- thing now now and_then, nnd_like to bo givon tho first opportunity. Ishould lave snid that no morchant is allowed to buy thosa tickats for tho purposo of buying goods cheap, for tho con- { "to Limsol, According to $ho list, thora aro somo good dollar bargains, it thoy don't forget to send them out. or tho demand bocome so. great that tho manu- facturer will not bo able to furnish a supply. This provod s gorious drawback to the Union Furnighing Company of Chicago, and they wero buriod in n showor of orders that thoy cold not ill, and thus gave up in despuir, ABOUT SETTING HENS, Huzroy, Iil, April 3, 1874, Mr, # Runar,"—Sin : 1 am baving frouble with my hens, Can you holp me? Thoy all want to sit on the svme nest, ‘I hinve thirty, and with a placa for nests ; hut they all liko tho samo nest, What can I do, as T have nob beon long in the business, aud nsed ad- vico? 3 a, W, The sbovo was reforred to my noighbor, Mra, Sam Jones, who replied s follows : o tirat requisito in tho folting of the hon in to got hor tolay in n separate nest; that is, to Tiavo a nest for each ono. Now, tho man who has thirty hons and thirty nosts, all in n row, knows little of hea-nature if he expeets that onch hen will solect a nost nnd adhero toit. Wo might 18 well oxpect to geo tlirty ladies tuke the samo seats At mito soclety and rofain * thom. The thing ia not nccmdm{x to hen or human wpaturo, Ouo of the best plans is to have o nost with n trn‘p- door,—somothing like tho doorof atrap for catehing prairie-chickons, that avery farmer's boy knows how to make, Tho difforence is simply to hnve two sots of elats to form.the door of the trap, - This trap-door opons o the inside, and drops bl against the bottom-rail, sud tho chicken is inclosed. Now, it we drive a No. 8 wire, G inchoes long, Into 'tho_top-pieca of tho gato, and add to it a handlo for a weight, 80 that, when the hen ontors, the woight of this top-piece carries tho door ngainst the roof of the nest, then tho duplicate daor, which i3 inserted in the top- Dar at right angles, or a quarter of a_circle from the other, comes down, closing the door-way, and resting against tho outsigle lower bar of tho nest, It will be scen thut, by this arrangoment, 10 hon from the outsido can gob into the nes with the sittivg or lnying Lon; and that, whon thio hon on the insido desires to lenva tho nest, shocan pass out, and the other door comes down by the wolght of the tilling-block attached to tho wire, The mest-box may bo -mndo of slats sbout 2 feot long by 1 foot bigh andof samo width, -and with a trap-door aver tho nost at the back, for the convenienco of taking out the eggs or smm(i' chickens. Ina small hen-houso neste of this kind are almost a nocessity ; but on & farm, with stablo and othor outbuildings, thero are 80 many places for open boxes that thero is less necossity for this plan of tho trap-nest. A’ great numbor of these trap- nests could bo sold by tho dealers in Implements in tho cities and larger towns, for thoso who havo o fow hons in closs querters need thom. I novor intond to allow more than one bou to lay in a nest ; and, in case they persist in doing 80, I put in tho place ono of those trap-nests, aud that puts o stop &3 any further proceeding of tho kind. Whon hens hnve a good rangs, they prefer soparate nests, nnd, ns wo say, steal them, for they like to gol in some sly place, under an evergreen, or in tho dark corner of the stable, or under some build- fng; and it in in these out-of-tho-way places that I put the boxes, filled with straw or leavos, for thom. A fow nosts may be put in the hou- house, but thoy must not bo too closo to- gethor. If the mests sre eido by eide, tho hens will lay indiscriminately, und often a sit- ting hon will go baok to the ndjoining nest, nnd leave hor own exgs to chill. For this reason, two or more of tho tiap-nests should not bo sob sido by sido; but tho opevings to them be ng widoly soparatod a8 possiblo. Afters hon iy sot, it will not do to pormit other hens to lay to her, or thore will bo tronblo, ua this Inying hen mny tako a fanoy to sit also, bofore the othor is randy tocoma off with her brood, 1 hnve mosts all about the houso, undor tije porches, in tho conl- honse, in the smoke-house, over tho plg-fmn, and in all placos that tho hen would bo likely to ook for a nest, For nost-eggs Iuso the com- mon rough porcelmn oggs that cost 75 conts a dozen. BEEDING THE ORCHAND. #srriva Oneex, 1L, April 4, 1874, Afn, ¢ RonaL "—Stn : T wishto seid my orthard to gene or clover. I kes by somo of tho agricultural ;\Hll‘fll\l‘ thrt Alsike clover I8 very desirable, Hhall I cave the loud luvel, or how shall I plow {t? Tho rows oro 28 foet apart, und tho luud slopea geutly to tho vouth, Tho groveis on thu north and west sides, e orchard bing beon sot ten years, and cropped t0 corn; but now I want to put it in grass, so that tho applos may not fall on.tho ground and 'got dirly, as they do among tha corn. A raiu and wind-storm puta o windfals T bad condition, aud it wa wass thom and tliew wipe them dry, thoy losg tho natural gloss, and aro not #o eslable, M R At the timo of eceding, tho land should bo plowed teward thoe troes, and tho dead farrow sorve as a drzin to the surplus rainfull in caso tho soil is so tonaoious as nob to take it inat once. It should .bo harrowed smooth before soeding, and rolled, 'T'his will lenve the surface 80 smooth that tho sood will all e covered to ho samio do})lb, ond shatlow, as it should be, I would #ow tho common red olover, harrow, and agaiuroll. ‘The clover will need ono mowing beforo the apploa bogin to fall, and, sfter that, thoro will bo u soft bod for tho applos to drop upon, aud it will also koop tho fruit cloan. I sowed Aluike on 12 acrow of ngmu‘nmlmrd. The first year litilo of the_seed tool, und tho noxt spring it was rosoeded vory early; but, aftor ilvo years of trial, I do not think this clover s worth sowing In aoy part of this BStato, It noeds o damp soil, n”mild, cool climato, and snow-covering for wintor, In buying tho seed that camo from Cannda aud othor points Bast, o8 uleo o lot from Miokigan, I have produced o good stund of gorrel, whioh I am now turning undor, for tho 1mr{lmm of soeding the orchard to red olover, Tavould not tuunk a.man to sond mo free of cost soed of the Alsike or Bwodish clover, as I would not Lo at the tronble of sowing 1t I!m\»n mnn{ eores of orohard in timothy and somo in bluo grake, If the timothy iy cnb aftor the socd-stalic h't:fihm to hnrdon, tho applos aro dumagoed in fulling on the stubblo andtho blue giuss forms such a tough mvnrvj thiat the nrplns aro small, and tho growth of the troes sorionsly chooked, As fast as possible, these two grassos will be chunged for rod elover, Iam trying the orchard-grassin & small way, but have no idoa that for this purposo it will bo as valuablo as clover. In the managoment of olovor in the orchard, wo must not forgot that this clovor is u blonuin), and thut the soed must bo allowed to ripon boforo the necond outting, iu oxdor o rosoed tha land; otherwiso there will bo no clover tho third Yonr, as tho rools will bo found '*wintor-killod,” or, rather, will_have complated the poriod of: thofr growth, and died. In caso one wishes to plow tho orchard at tho ond of the socond year, it hay bo dans, tarning uildor-Lhe erop of vlover after tho applo-hurvont, and “harrow -and roll at -once, or eatly in the apring, whon o new orop will make ils appear- suco, In this manner, I think, an orchard may be kept In the beut porsiblo condition. TOTATOES IX THE GARDEN. Nioua, 1il,, April, 1874, M, “Ronar "—8in ¢ Polatocs do o poorly In the fgorde, when they hve boou grown 10r on or Lo yearw, that T hiave lind (o five thom up, and plant in tho flold, 1u thero any help for i 7 PR, I hove grown my oarly. lenluus on the samo Innd for fifteon yonrs, and have had good crops ovory geason, loforo i)lnuung,n cont of cow- stable manure ia npplied, sy at tho rato of twonty londs to tho'acro, ‘I'ho planting is nover vory carly, say in tho forg part of April. If the Boason 1§ wot, or the ground not in good condl~ tion for plowing, the planting is dono with a two- horso cultivator, thus giving it a shallow stir- ring, 1P the-land i dry, it may bo plowed rathior shallow, narked off with o small plow or - pingle-shovel, and the sota dropped slong this small furrow, and covorod. with a hinr- row by barrowlng both ways. A very little coy- oring s tho bost, and the ‘earth is turned on to tho rows, aftor the plauts are up, with a two- horso cultivator; aud this will also kill the youny woods at the uamo uno, After the ontly potatoes como off, tho. land should be plowed ond croppod with turnips, or the weeds kept in chool by harrowing. Do not allow the autumn- gransos” to tako .possession of your potalo- grouud. Without tho anuunl coat of manure, ;hsduotntn s o failuro it planted on tho samo und, DAINYING. Lrpona, Ia,, April 8, 1874, We havo tho checee-dniry. ia State, und, in Jooking at tho situation, nany questians to bo soitied, mono of whicllt muy bo now to the practived dairyman, but which aro new.to ua; oue thing iu our wayls the great Ilability toa long sunimer drought. Yot hnve told us about {ho wotersupply nud tho winler-managomont, but (ho tiding ovor tho mwmmor-drought i nob quits mo- clear o us, hins . beon® nuggosiod by somo mantbers of oiir Grange that tha Ligh. feeding that you rocommend for winter moy cato abortion, which, at tho Eust, I8 a- very serlous matior, Thus'fur, in aponking of tho Eastern duiries, you hiavo mado 510 mentfun i rozard to that subject, We nre looking to seo our way cloar before wo ‘ninke thio vonture, und, an good Grangers, look bofore wo Jeap, or we may land in tho mire.. By tho way, #ouo of our members think thut criticlam of Grangy mate tors must coms from an encmy of tlia Grange, just ns though the Grangs was porfect, and ho friond of it An, 4 Runaz, "—Bm ¢ fovor in +thiere are skould dare to suggest an improvoment, Cuanzes It TIDING OVER A DROUGTT, In pence propars for war, 13 #n old saw that hashad a vory gouoral applicatlon, 8o bofora the drought comes, have tho matorial rendy for it aud, m cngo. the war or drought doos not come, tho material may bo cured and packed wway' for futtro uso. Hungorian grasy and millot aro two aunual grassos of gront valiuo for' this purposo, and may be sown all through tho month of May nnd iuto June,—keoping in mind that tha chinch-bug is very fond of thom, and that they must hayo a good start before theus little _ follows ~como by tho milllon to - feed on them. \gero it not for this pest, we might sow thom as, late as tho st of July, but this might got eaton up, as tho blades come out of tho grouud, ay they hiave sorved me on threo or four nbbsmvts ot Into nowing. Noxt comos corn in the drill, two feot apart, plantod At any time from thb 18t of - Ma; to the 1st of July, harvoesting and curing all that {s not requirod for green feed. o aid “mmfi we fall back on corn and oat-moal ground togother, and fod . dry onco or twico n day, as - required, say from two to four quarts’ por cow o a fooding. In this TIAUNOT WO TNy CArTY our cows over a Jong drought. We must remonmbor to put twency londs of frosh cow-stable manure to the acro ho- foro wa drill the corn, and thou tho corn will bid doflance to tho drought, and the cows will then laugh at the dried-up pasturags, and give down the usual supply of tho Inctesl Auid, Tdo not think the Wostern dairyman need hiavo any foar in regard to abortion, for tho. eauso is nbsent,—at least, tho groat prodisposing causo Lbat producos it in the ast,—and that is ERGOT in ryo, in tho blue-graug, in ryo-grass, and por~ biaps in othor grassos, Ihavo uever scen it in our rye, or in any of the grassos in this Stato. T shiall 1ot sny Ehat it ds nqb produced with us, but I hiave neivhor seon nor hoard of 1t west of Lake Miclugan.’ Iam nwaro that the Enstern dofrymen continuoe to treat abortion as ons of thio mystorios yot unsolved ; but it appoars to mo that tho prosenca of ergot 18 sufllcient to ox- pliin it, and muke it 8o plain that no further in- quiry need bo made. Thero aro other cxusos for the necidout, for 1t is mothing olss, and to thoso W ave liable. Rye- groes oud blue-grass that contain ergot should not bomudo into hay, and should bo pastured 8o close that the Beeds would not maturo the ergot, In threshing, tho rye-straw in nearly divested of ergot; but the rye and ergot ara ofton ground for foed, mixed with corn oud onty, This is not all; ryo is ofton made into flour without a earaful sopnrasion of this deadly poison bofors grinding. Thus far, in our Weut- eru dairies, bigh-fooditg has produced no bad results, but has kept up a good flow of mille to within 'fiyo or_six wooks of the cow coming in fresl,—thus shortening thoe time of goiug dry more than fwo months over the Kastern prac- tice. I think we need appratond no bad results from it, but, on the contrary, & most dacidad advautage. ORITICISM OF TIE GRANGE. Criticiems ofton do good, oven when nat moeant for it. All now Orders are- liablo'to fall mto the general orror that-any person who Fomu out their faults is, por e, an enomy of ho couso; and this 1s particularly the case with somo of the Grangers. While the Grange hns many virtues, it also has many ’imfl Taults, whicls, if not correoted, will seriously impair the usofulness of the Ordor. It was dovised ns social organization ; but somo of its loadars are pushing forward in ordor to makea good thing out of it, while offico-seolora ars hopiug to win office through its machinery ; and soma people aro foolish enough to suppose that it will make the railroads change their policy, and that the whole muoliinory of trade is to bo set nsida nnd o now order of things insugurated, But it {8 probablo that the world will movo on pretty much aftor tho old plaus, with its army of producers, middlemen, and consum- ers. 1n tho meantime, the friction ovolved will have its uso in smoothing down the rough cor- nora ; and it is to bolioped that the world will bo the bettor for the Order of Grangors ; at lonst, it ought to be. OASHMENE GOATS, Nrosuo Faus, Kon., April 6, 1874, A, “ RURAL P—Sti: A fow years ago thora was quite & stir in reqard Lo the Cashiiers or Augora goat. 1 should supposu thatthia climato would suil them endif tho fleeco, s stated, s worth & a pound, it might be well to add theso animnis to our rural indus- trics, Joun KuiNu. Tho goat in quostion will shear about 8 pouunds of huiry wool, that has slow sale at 50 conts a pound, ~ Tt s used for fringos and tas- solsin this country, Ido not kiow of nny factory for mukiug it futo cloth in this country, I'ho uking ssll for $2 to $5 cash, forrobes. On tho whole, & hundrod of these.goats aro of loss valuo than o kundrod good shoep of any brood, sud for loss than & hundred Cotswold, ~ At oue timo thoro was o speculation ju tho salo of im- ported animals by partics connocted with the Agricultural Departmont, but tha thing was o fuiluro, tha partios Josiug in tho trausaction nfter making numerous viotims, Tho muaterinl for the costly Oastwera shawl iy not tho huir or long wool of tha got, but & silky down near tho body, that Is cnrotully combed out, not exceoding nu ouuce to the ani= mal, Thore must be 1,000 .or 2,000 of thess gonty iu the country ; byt what they are held at per head I am unable to state, For tho farmor tbey bnve no ren! value, 80 long as sheop will oy & botter protit, TILE DEST BREED OF PIGS. Ancura, 1ll,, April8, 1874, Mn, #RURAL "—B1m s Thave Just puvehasad o farn, and fntoud {0 mulia tho log-crop the main foature, i Ohlo tho large breeds are popular, but L am fold that n smnll-sizod hog fa #8 good, If not tho beat, for tho Obicugo murket, B, In looking ovor tho advoriisomonts of the breederi of lmKraml wswino, by far tho largost numbor have the Borksuire, and it fs probable that more than half tho hoga of this Stuto ara of that breod. Within the past thirty-fivo yours Ihavo tried sevoral improved broods, nnd am now gotting bagk to ns nonr puro Dorkshiro ns is hossible, A'aking this brood ll in all, Tconsider t tho bost, At 250 pounds live wolght thoy aro smooth, round pigs, and_commaud tho highost pricoin dmarkot. Extra-sizod hogs nre not so much in domand as formorly, Lnat wook I kold a grade orkshire sow, wolghing 500 ponnds, for 22,50, to butchor, 'who wantod hor. mainty for Iard, boeing too fat for good Lawms or for sldo- Lacon, When n hog roaches 250 pounds, and ja in fine ovdor, it is tino to soll it, 'ho Berluhiro koops In bottor hoalth than any othor breod that wa have ’| but ho is a grant raotor, and noody & ring in his noso, it on o otovor-pnsture, I have naver lost nplg from log-cholora, and vory faw from muy .other csuto, QOround foed and elop, with | the corn, s&ro quito ossoutlul to koep pigs _In- good henlthy and thon »_good oluvur-{mutnm i 1 thing of economy. i this, & triflo of corn ench day will keop thom in the bost of ordor. They should haye plonty of good water. Any kind of kitohen- #lops, inoluding wash-wator, will sult thom ; but | thoy do not lko mtagnant . walor. They noed plouty of shado and sheltor from the whu{\vlmu thoy ho down, A wall-brad plg islikes ox- nosure to & cold wind, Keop himout of the wind, and ho Wit pub up with tho oold without much griambling, T i :ua::;:v.v.mnor]m. - The weathor contlimos cold and baek 3 ol tho ool casb. wind on Sunger. sy 12th, birt no vain, tioncis 1 fittlo foll on Monns p. nt, Fanners aro pudting in onts, and Riving cau nitontion Lo corn. We ehnll ot see euel) an aren of corn as that of 1873 for many loug yonrs, Crassand onts, flax and other crops, nvo o, place : and then tho dairy will oconpy a Iarge epace that had boon fllled with corn. Whilo corn will continue to be largely planied, 1t will bo o long sime before it will oceupy wo prominent n posltion ns that-of '71, '3, and '3, Farm-hands aro rathor plonty at $20 a month and board, , ‘I'hose boprding thomsolves yot 233, ond find thelr own houso; but, in this chso tho ront {a low, say 83 to &4 per month, includiug a pardon, nnd more or less of frult-troos, AORAL, ——————, THE AGRICULTURAL-IMPLEMENT QUESTION OARLAND, Cofea Qo., T, April 7, 18T4. Dothe Zditor of The Chicano Tribun Bim: My lotter of March 92, In your papor, i flanked by ono purporting to bo from n farmor ‘and anothor signed ! Middloman.” Tho farmor is puthotic, snd enaya itis **idlo talk " aboul farmors paying nil cnsh, ne thoy aro not ablo to doit; and ho pays a tributo of gratitudo and prafso to tho soveral philanthropie Individunla sonttored in town and country, who suppliod bim with implomoments on time, tn carry bim through life's doubtful journey, * Middle- man " dooa bottor, and says tho farmor has not only absolutely demandod, but compoltad the donler to woll, on timo, and recoive paymont when it suits . farmors’ timo and convenienco. Oh, shades of our grandmothors! could you bave done.moro than this? ‘ iddloman * goes on Lo any thnt whenevor theso orratic ohil- dren (farmors) coass . to demand of thom {ho -capital to carry on their farms, thoso * fathors in Inrpel® will—well, Xsup. poso, buy thom sugar-caudy. If the I.opdon Times sont & reportor to this Groat West, and wroto the above of the farmors,—showing that with all our bossting of big farms, rich lands, immonso productions in corn cattlo, 2hd hoga, wa were the poor sot above . doscribod,—f: thore ©ono man or oue nowapnporthat would indorae it ? I deny it: nud Tassort nzain that farmors, ay o clags, can buy the implomonta thoy waat, and are ag woll off, porhaps, a8 tho land-ownors of any partof thia globe. It is no proof thall can't buy on arttelg,' it T am waylaid on the stroot to tako it ; nud not only this, but the art; cle is brought to my door, and ovory effort mado to ot mo to take it on time. If an ngout tells me ko would a4 soon sell on six months’ timo na for oash in haud, it is no avidenco, if Itake it on tire, that I could not pay. Ifthe man without n foot of Roil can geb au ‘imploment, not only on Bix.months', -but twolve or sightoon months' timin, or, a4 “Middloman” says, pay whon it auits hils conventence, wa may safaly infor that the profits on these imploments i8 immense whon such foolish riska are taken, I dony that tha agont or manufacturar is compolled to soll on timo, as 1t could not be done, The grocer, tho dry goods mexrchant, the eaddler, &c., whom the farmer must cell ou far ofteuar, hayo, I thinlk, vory gonorally glided into tho cash busirioss} and any rospactablo farmor that Iknow of has not objocted to the movement. Among all the {farmors’ domands of the railways, no rosolution I know of demands tho Companios to carry on #tme; ond I expeot, from the low Erlco, that e TRINUNE i8 not demanded on tiok eithor. Middlemen, in my opinion aro no worse than otlior people ; farmery ara no botter ‘than they should bo. The formor wants to make monag, aud tho Intter to savo it. IP tho farmor likes to buy o chest of ton, a sncle of coffac, or & barral of sugar, of the wholosale merohant, bo ean do 80 oud save monui';; 801t should be with his farm- implements, But, of all men, farmers should pay cash, as thoy are strictly consorvative on that hoad whon thoy aro solling: If any ono doubts this, lot hins stop into- the Union Stock- Yards, or let him start hero to buy corn, cattle, or hogs, on time. A blinl horse, & balky mulo, ora worn-out reaper, would be aboutall the timo-nrticlos on hond, I have, within the lass ton yoars, bought thousands of - cattle, Dbosides othor furm-productions, but did not come _up _ with the sollor on time yeb ; much loss have the farmors solicited me to take thoir stook in thig way, and cried oub to tho world that I compollod thom to do it. Thero nro a thriftlesa class of farmors, who chow na much tobacco yearly as would keop their implomont-dopartmont on & fair footing ; nevor pay cash for an article if it can be got on timo; don't work half their timo. Theso don't repro- gent: tho farming community. Somo embryo farmors aldo, who must got up a vaxiety of othior things, and very (i:suomlly ny cash, could worl o or throe montha whero Inbor 8 in domand snd largoly paid, to got their plow and oultiva- tor. T began at the bottom of tho Inddor, whoro tho‘xl'a ore no implemouts sold on time, and did woll, ‘Whenovor the agonts will go to tho manufac- turers of acricultural imploments a8 cash-pnr- chasors, and buy for what Lo articles aro worth, como homo to thoir oftices, post up * No Orodit,” aud sit thoro (if suchiedentary habit suits thom), ond, whon n farmer come in, goll him the articlo Lo wants, for cash, at a fair profit, then those Flurlous, porhaps not just’ ¢ golden ”.dnys, na ‘Middloman " nas it, Will have como when a farmer may oxpect to earn on his farm-ma- chinory 25 or more per cont, and expect also that, if agonts avo making tho days too * golden,” manufacturors will accommodate him at'whole- sale rates for cash. Respeetfuily, WinLiAx A, Gnenx. ——ge o INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS IN ILLINOIS. 2 the Editor af The Chicago T'ribune: Bin: In Tue Twnoxe of the 13th inat., Mr, Z, Eastman, under tho caption of * Internal Im- provemonts,” writes vory glibly on the subjeab, ond with his pon 8o “‘sharp sot” that bo hag statod soveral miattors ns fruths in rolation to the subject in this Stato, which are not exactly s Lo supposos, I do not intend to comment upen tho gonoral charactor of his articlo, which is, in many respects, obnoxious to eriticism; but I shll confine mysolf to what is in it relating to thie Scate, ) I think {6 wilt bo found, on examination, that tho projest of coustructing the Illinois & Michi- gon Canal way flsst callod to publio ationtion by r. Callioun, in 1819, who, iu his report' to Con= grotis,—ho being thon Becretary of War,—ad- vised that body to make o grant of land to ald in its construotion, which wasdono. Therd wae no scheming conneoted with the grant of land, 28 tho rosult shows, The project was tho cons coption of & statosman who, I beliove, nover was ju the Stato, The canal was not, in any wiss, dependent ‘upon, nor connactod with, the genoral system of railronds projected by the bill upon which Mr, Epstman commonts. " "Tha canal was disconnoct- cd from thom by muoch effort on tho part of in- dividuals who forosaw that Ltha raiiroads could not bo comploted for n long timo, i over. The canal had its land-grant -us u bass for tho cost of ita construction; whilo tho ruilronds could only bo_ built by money borrowed on lands, for which tho Logislaturo wontd not {brnvldo means, olthor for -thoir rndamyuon or tho paymont of interast ncoruing -upon thom. Tho gonoral systom of ratlways, as -proposed by the Dill of 1836, was a wild one. Tt bears on its faco tho marks of logrolling. 1f Mr. Eastman will more carefully atudy the law, he will oo that Lo hina fallon iufo many mistnkon in refer- ongo to the oxtont of it and Its requiremonts, ‘I'ho Conatruction Commissionecs, ns o calls them, had mnot tho nuthority to oxpend thio money intrusted to thom ou any one of tho pub- lio works placod undor their managemont, but were compolled Dy the laws to M{mnd it by bo- ginning work at all thoe principal towns, rivers, cto,, nomed in tho bill, aud work each way from thom, Tho Construction Oonimissiouers often spoko nnd roported agalnst this polioy, With tliom it was not 8o much a mattor of quoation ay to how tha monoy should best be spent, a8 it was of suthority, Ilonco tho ditches and wnstod oxponditure of which My, Bustmau do proporly complatng ; but he {s not outitled to a patont for the discovory, Noither Mr. Willlam B, Ogdon, J, Y. Soammon, nor Mr.J. 1L, Collite had anything to do with “oneineoring" tha speoial chartor for the Gulonn & Ohicago Union' Railrond through tho Logiyln- ture; wor do I boliove they had auy knowledga whatever that -such a ohartor wau thought of, until afcor it hnd boon grantod, It Ar, Eastman will oxatnino the blug-covarad book which contains thoe *‘Intornal Tmprovo- mont " laws ‘with such care aa would ba proper in ono who sttompts to eulighton the publia in mattors of history, I think ho will flud that $200,000 was to ‘Lo divided smoug such ‘unfortunnate” counties as would not %mvu a ruilvond ar other improvoment within thair bor- dors, and that that sum was nob to bo given ta oaoh of auch counties, T'uonta,