Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, November 16, 1872, Page 4

THE CHICAGO DAIL NOVEMBER 16, 1872. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. TERMS OF mmm";%:( (PAYABLE TN ADVANCE). by zaall....-$12.00 | Sunday. RiRoids: &80y Parts of a year at the same rate. To proscat delay and mistakos, bo gare and give Post Ofice address in fall, including State and County. ‘Remittances may be mado either by draft, ezpress, Post Office order, o in registered lotters, ot ous xisk. TERMS TO CITY GUBSCRIBERS. Dally, delivered, Sumday excepted, 25 conts per woek. Dally, delivered, Sunday included, S0 conts per woek. Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, No. 15 South Cznal-st.. Ohicazo, Tl TRIBUSE Brauch Offico, No. 469 Wabsshoav., in the Bocksiore. of Messts. Cobb, Androwa & Co., where D tormonts and subseriptions will bo rocelred, an e retsive tho semo attention as if Jeft at tho Main Oifice. Tz TROBUNE coupting-room and business department <o) sommate, for the prescnt, at No. 15 Can3l stroct. Ad- Tertisements should be handed in st that place. CONTENTS OF TO-DAY'S TRIBUNE. FIRST PAGE~Political News by Telegraph. SECOND PAGE-Tondon Lotter: English Irritation at the San Juan Award—Tho National Centennfal— ‘Hosrible Wifo Murder—Obsequies of the Late Gen- eral Meado—The Cholera in India—The Axtof Cat- tle Driving—Tragedy in & Tunnel-The Flury in New York—Civil Marrisgo at Rome—Tho Lumber Trade of Chicago. THIRD A GE-Ths Pork Comer~Tho Law Conrts— The Horse Malady—General News Items—Railrozd Time Table. FOURTH PAGE—Editorials: Liguor Saloons and the Laws The Poor Mansard; Psuperism and_Crimo; The Liguor Law in England: Current News Items. FIFTH PAGE—Ofcial Circlos: How tho Custom Houso Waters Aro Agitated by the Senatorial Pebblo—Firo and Police Afatters—Markets by Telegraph—The Vote of Chicago—Adrertisements. SIXTH PAGE—Monetary 2nd Oommercial—Marine Tn- telligence. SEVENTH PAGE—Terrlfic Storm in Minnesota—Sale of Belmont's Gallery—Small Advertisementa. EIGETH PAGE—Miscellancous Telegraphic News— Auction Advertisements, et ————— TO-DAY’S AMUSEMENTS. AVICKER'S THEATBE—Madison strest, boiweon State and Densborn. Miss Magzie Mitchell, supported by Alr. L. R. Showell. **Fanchon.™ ATKEN'S THEATRE—Wabash avonue, corner of Con street. G. L. Fox Pantomime Combination. ** Humpty Dumpty.™ HIOOLEY’S OPERA HOUSE—Randolph stroet, b tween Clark and LaSalle. Third woek of Abbott-El- olfy Pantomimo Combination. *‘ Humpty Dumpts,"” with new features. ACADEMY OF MUSIO—Halsted street, sonthof Madi- gor. The ** Black Crook.” HMYERS' OPERA HOUSE—Monroo street, botween Stete and Deatborn. Arlington, Coiton & Kemble's instrel and Burlesque Troupe. NIXON'S AMPITH SATRE—Clinton strest, between Washington and Randoiph. Tho Georgia Minstrels— Siave Troupe. GLOBR. THEATRE—Desplaines street, betweon Madi- sonand Washington. Vauderille Entertainment. PATTI-MATIO MATINEE-Michigan Avenue Bap- tist Chare The @hieagy Txibune. Salurdsy Morning, November 16, 1872. Warrants are out for the arrest of Miss Susan B. Antbony and the fourteen other women of Rochester who voted at the last election. On the testimony of Dr. Geuth, of Philadel- phis, who exemined the stomach and brains of Dr. Smith, on Episcopal clergyman of Raleigh, who died recently under suspicious circum- stances, his wife and danghter have been throvn into prison on the cherge of having caused his death by poisoning. Complete returns from ninety-seven counties in Dlinois give totals, compared with the vote of the same counties in 1868, as follows : 1503—Seymour. . 1872—Greeley.. Eoerner.. The Counties of Cass, Crawford, Jasper, IIason, and Mercer, tobe beard from, voted in 1863+ Seymour, 7,121 ; Grant, 6,853. They are now reported to have given Grant 772 majority, svhich would make his total majority 55,769, s — Among the Pork markets depleted by opera- tions of afirm in this cityis New York. Only 19,000 barrels are on hand, against 47,000 at this time last year. There, a8 here, the dealers and ‘brokers are depressed by the stagnation of busi- ness; but, as the interesting letter of our cor- respondent shows, the more experienced of them Yelieve that it will be impogsible for the corner o withstand the new crop, which is expected to resch the high figare of 6,000,000 hogs. Senator Cameron, Governor Hartranft, and other eminent Pennsylvania politicians, told the President yesterday that ho ought to give the vacant Philadelphia Postmastership to one Trueman, on the principle that he was a good Republican. To this the President replied that e felt himself bound by the principles of Civil Service Reform, and would probably promote the Deputy Postmaster, 8 faithful and efficient oficial. 5 Our lJumber business, during the season about 10 close, has increased 8 per cenb over that of 1871, and 10 per cent over that of 1870. Chicego, with her far-reaching railroad connections, with- out break from the interior through her lumber- verds to points of delivery, is the mistress of this rich trade, which gives occupation to 20p firms. L.ast year, 1,200,000,000 feot of lum- ber wero received here, which, with laths and shingles, constitute & business amounting to 91,000,000, and handling stuf? which would fill & train of cars 600 miles long. e England hes been thrown into & ferment by an article in the London Times, advising the Canedians, whose interests, it ssys, were uni- Formly sacrificed by the Britith Government in its recent American negotiations, to sev- er their connection with the mother coun- try and begin an independent caveer. This is mot s mew suggestion, however novel its present sourco. Years ego, when the Canadians forced the Home Government tocon- cede them the right fo levy their own faxes in their own way, even thongh they thereby ran counter to Imperial policy, intimations were freely made by members of the British Govern- ment that they conld get their independence by esking forit. The Cincinnati Commercial prints the follow- ing table, purporting o ghow the actual vote in the several cities mentioned: Population. Vote. 963 454 2,268 26,162 «.;113 This showing wonld mske it appear that the qote of Cincinnati wes larger than that of Bt. ZLonis, Chicago, Boston or Baltimore, Unfor- tunately for the Commercial, it convicts itaelf of error by giving the official returns of Hemilton County in another column of the game issue. Theso official returns show that the sote of Cincinnati wes 85,432, and that of the townshipe in the county 9,556. By adding these £wo together, the resnlt becomes 44,988, swhich the Commercial gives above as the vote of Cin- cinnati, while it is reslly the ‘vote of the whole of were included in estimating the vote of Chicago, it would be found to be more than 50,000. The New York Tribune now declares that gran- ito must be abandoned a8 & building material, because the burned district of Boston was chiefly built of granite. Upon this basis of rea- soning, the conclusion to be drawn from the Chicago fire would be that marble, and brown sandstone, and white limestono, and every other kind of stone, should be sbandoned, because sll of theso materials suc- cumbed slike to the heat. It is mob prob- sble that the brown sandstone so much used in New York (which, we heard a couple of yasrs ago through the World, was crumbling to pieces), would stand fire any better {han the granite of Boston. It is certain that New York's iron fronts would suffer in the same way that Chicago's iron fronts suffered, in a fire gimilar to our own. The trouble is not with our stone, or iron, or brick,—all of which will erack, or ex- pand, or crumble, and fall under certain circum- stances,—but with the purely combustiblo ma~ terial that is joined with it in the construction of our houses, thus farnishing the necessary heat to destroy them. e The Chicago produce markets were moderately active yestorday, end the average of prices was about the same as on Thursday. Mess pork was dull at $14.50@15.00 for old; $18.00@13.25 for new; $12.25@12.97%¢ eeller September; and $12.20@12.25 seller March. Lard was steady at Ti4c cash or seller December, and 73{c seller March. Meatswere in less active demand, and steady at 434c for part-salted shoulders; 6@ 65¢e for short ribs; and TX@7i4e for short clear—all part-salted. Sweot pickled hams wore oasier at 1035@11c per Ib. Highwines were dull and easier, closing nominsl at 89@893¢c per gallon. Lake freights were less active, but firm at 9¢ for corn end 10c for wheat by sail to Buffalo. Flour was quiet 2nd steady. Wheat was more active, and edvanced 9{c, clos- ing strong ab $1.08% seller the month, and $1.033{ seller Decomber. Corn was in moderate demand, and & shade higher, closing fim at 813£c seller the month, and 81c seller December. Oats were quiet and a shade easier, at 21¢ seller the month, and 22¢ seller December. Rye was quiet and firm st 5%. Barley was weak, declin- ing 2 per bu; it closed at 60¢ for No. 2, 56}@ 57c seller the month, and 50¢ for No. 8. The hog market was fairly active and firm ab £3.95@ 4.90. Cattle met with a liberal demand at yes- terday's prices. Sheep were dull and lower. If it is any comfort to the Quincy Whigand the Springfield Journal, we will Tepoat that we do not Intend to injure ourselves by over-exer- tion in bebalf of Oglesby in tho approaching Senatorial contest. We do know, however, that nothing can dofeat him in this contest, except the make-weight of Executive patronage; that if the question were prosented to the members of the Legislature elected on the szme ticket with him, unembarrassed by the mercepary con- siderations of Federsl offices, he would receive the votes of four-fifthsof the Republican caucus. If this influenco is brought to bear against him, vory likely he will be defested. We haveno doubt atall thatMr. Washburne is o candi- didate sgainst Oglesby, and thst Mr. J. R. Jones has relinquished for a season the ‘beauty and chivalry of Belgium’s capital in order to holp him. Tho question is, whether the Admin- istration is going to help too. It would be very much in the line of precedents if it should. Washburne will be secretly sided also by the Personsl Liberty Leagne throughout the State, and by many legislators who would rather re- tain Oglesby for Governor then to see his TLieutenant succeed him. There is a well-de- fined but groundless impression abroad, that Genersl Beveridge opposes the particular beverage in which various classes of voters are wont to indulge. It is believed that he would confine us to & general beverage of milk and water and ginger- pop, end such emall beer which some people do not affect. We would Like to ‘beliove the race for the Senatorship is an even one for Gallant Dick Oglesby,” as his friends call him, andwe at lesst hope he will not be expelled from the party for venturing to be a candidate. But we warn him and his friends that their en- terprise is oxtra-hazerdous, and that, should they succeed, Logan will still carry the Execu- tivo patronage of Illinois, If they don't suc- ceed, Washburne will carry it, and Logan will get very few crumbs, indeed. Oglesby may got into the Senate, but he cannot get into the Administration. That is a place to which the Tilinois Legislature cannot elect him. —e LIQUOR SALOONS, AND THE LAW, The Major has given notice that saloon-keep- ers fined for the violation of the Sundayand other laws need not epply to him for stsy of proceedings or release from the penelties. Some wweeks ago, it was complained that the enforce- ment of the law was a surprise, and that thero should be some time given for preparations to meet the new order of things. That ples, in which, perhaps, there was some justice, is no Tonger availablo, and the law s, therefore, now to be enforced. There seems to be much misapprehension on the subject of keeping saloous open on Sunday. Baloons, or places where liquor is sold 28 & bev- erage, may be divided into several classes. One of these are the lager beer ealoons, where the principsl, it mot tho only, beverago sold is beer. These differ from all other saloons, in tho respect that they offer social enjoyments not obtainable elsewhero. The beer-drinker goes to the saloon, not only for his beer, but to meet his friends. A group of these gather round & table, talk over ihe events of the day, smoke their pipes or cigars, drink their beer at Jeisure, and pass the time so- ciably. On Sundsys, tho sttendsnce st these places is mpot only increased in num- bers, but includes the wives and chil- dren of many of the men. While large quentities of beer are thus consumed, it is rarely that there is any indecorum, still more rarely any violence, There may be hilarity, but there is no intoxication. This mode of social enjoyment is no longer confined to native Ger- mans; it is gradually including large numbers of others who, for want of means or the want of acquaintances, find in these places & sociability that does not descend to disorder, 2nd a narcotic at small cost which does not intoxicate. The next class of saloons are those which are part of restaurants or eating-houses. In some of these places there are meny hundreds who cet their meals on Sundays and other days. In- separately connected with these i o supply of sles, beer, wines, and liquora. Except in & fow places mentioned ‘hereafter, these establish- ments are of an orderly character, tolerating no impropriety, visited mainly by those who seck or boisterousness which are supposed to be in- separable from saloons. A third classification of saloons are those mostly patronized by the Englich-spesking pop- ulation, where all kinds of liquors, but particu- larly the higher pricedand better quality of mixed drinks, are sold. These establishments embrace among their customers all grades of 80~ cieby. There maybe met Congressmen, politi- cians, lawyers, doctors, merchants, base bal] players, gamblers, and sporting people general- ly. Externally, these people have the same ap- pearance of respectability, and it requires a per- sonal soquaintance to distinguish the men of one profession from the other. As a matter of necessity, these places have to be kept decent. No disorder is tolerated; no intox- icated ©r drunken men are permitted to heng sround . the premises. Everything is conducted with -an interested purpose to preserve °the respectability of the cus- tom of the Houses. These saloons may be searched iu vain for drunken men. They s1e not the kind of customers these esteblishments desire, and, when one is found, he is either put in charge of friends to be taken home or other- wige removed. A fourth class of drinking estsblishments in- cludes & variety of institutions which might, with great propriety, be declared public mui~ gances, end, as such, abated altogether. These are the drinking houses where alcoholic drinks in their most poisonous forms are dealt ont; where each drink, whether it be called whiskey, gin, or brandy, is & villanous com- pound, destroying the reasom, consuming the body, and depraving the habits of those who drink it. These places are generally kept by men t0o lazy to work, too fond of liquor themselves to abstain from drinking what they know to be poi- son, who keep these establishments to merely ensblo them to give food and shelter to thei® families, and bave an unlimited supply of liquor for themselves. The customers at these places are generally bard-working men; men who, ac* customed in their own country to the useof spirits, have their tastes prepared for tho fiery stuff which are to be bad in these saloons, and for whom beer is altogether too tame. But these are not the only customers. These places are the resorts of the ruffians and the rowdies; the men who fight, cut, and slay for pastime; who take & pride in ‘being notorious as roughs; who boast their abil- ity and their readiness to kill a policemsn. Theso fellows are the habitual customers of that class of saloons where tho quality of the liquor is rated in proportion to its burning power. The provailing sentiment in these establishments is that an officer of thelaw is an enemy of their kind, and that it is the dnty of everyman, when- ever the opportunity occurs, tobeet and, if nec- essary, to kill him. The murder of Officer O'Meara was in & saloon of this kind, patron- iz0d by the class of persons we have described, and that saloop hes probasbly become memorable 88 the place where ‘ one of the boys bravely killed a peeler.” Bat there iastill apothor deseription of mulvon in this city which has other revolting features. We mean those ealoons where, under the thin guiseof serving creams, oysters, and other refreshments, men and women meet; where boys of 16 to 18 encounter prostitutes of all ages; and where girls of 13 and upward meet men of all ages; where the boys are plied with drink until they lose their senses; where girls that should be at scliool are practising the most indecent arts to attract the attention of men; and where men, women, boys, and girls are rendered more and more depraved. These places at night swarm with female street-walkers and the meles they have picked ump. To these peoplo aro dealt out the meanest and the Iowest qualties of alcoholic drinks, and the spec- tacle is not uncommon of rooms fall of drunken ‘men, women, boys, and girls, ail as obscene as they are drunk. It is unneccssary to picture the depravity to which these saloons lead; nor the wrotchedness and crime which are the inevi- tablo consequences. To the outer world, these places are ruit shops ; to the initiated, thoy are the harbors of thieves, pickpockets, strumpets, and their dupes and victims, tho foolish men and boys who are tempted into them, and are thers poisoned by drink, corrupted by indecency, and are carried off to other dens to be robbed and plundered, if not beaten or murdered. All thesesaloons are licensed by the city. For fty-two dollars a year, each of theso establish- ments is permitted to do business. It is clear that one-balf of them might be closed without personal or public injury. Under our law, the Mayor must issue a license to every person who asks it and complies with the conditions. Neither the character of the applicant nor the character of the ealoon ere mat- ters of which the Iaw takes cognizance. It is evident that there aro evilathatmay be rem- edied of even greater magnitude than keeping open on Sunday. Ought there not be an effort to close up these estsblishments which are the schools of vice, the resorts of crime, and which are s morsl pestilence every day in the week ? ‘Would it not be & triumph of order and virtne if the four or five hundred of these licensod sinks of iniquity were closed summarily and forever ? The indiseriminate war upon saloons, being un- just, defeats itgelf ; while, if the hand of reform were directed to those which ere notoriously kept for the worst of purposes, it would bo offec- tive. THE POOR MANSARD. 1t is common in all grest calamities for people to unite for o time upon Some one object of sbuse. There must be an outlet for popular in- dignation. A-scapegoat must bo found for every disaster. In the caso of the great Boston fire, the Mansard roof has become the target for all the great guns of condemnation. The press is almost & unit iz denouncing it 2s theincarnation of everything inflammable and destructive. It is made responsible for the whole catastrophe, from the first spark to the last. A report comes that Boards of Underwriters in various cities have declared #ll buildings which have Mensard roofs, not constructed of iron or brick, to bo uninsurable. One astute newspaper goes so far 3 to assert that the in- ventor was nctuated by the diabolical purpose of supplying perpetual food for flame, thus con- tributing to tho interests of his craft. Every- where, in foct,—in public and in private, in newspapers and out,—the Mansard has been made the scerecrow of terrified householders, and tho Dete noir of suffering insurance com- panies. 5 One would think, to rend and hear the inge- nious invective and the wholesale denuncistion, thattheMansard roof isa newdevice to lay waste the entire continent. The fact is, that it dates fromtheseventeenthcentury. Fromthattimeon it has enjoyed universel favor in Paris, and its ‘benuties and conveniences have made admirers Hamilton County. If the oto of Cook Comnty their meals, azd thereis nonoof that drunkenness and devotees wherover cities have been built, enlarged, or improved. PBaron Hausemann, who did more forthe architectural beauty and the protection against fire which Paris enjoys than all others have done, did not issue his edict sgainst it. In point of fact, the Mansard roof is almost aniversal in the city thabis called the capital of the world, which resisted the bom- ‘bardment of the Krupp guns and the fire-brands of the Communists. Its province is not simply for ornament; it serves & glorious use in & great and crowded community. It has furnished cheap apartments, with cheerful light and invigorating air for thousands of poor people that would have otherwise dragged out a ‘wretched existence in dreary garrets or dark and noisomecellars, In view of thesecircumstances, itisnot just mor wise that the Mansard roof ehould be visited with popular anathemsa, with- out first inquiring whether the vicious qualities that ave charged upon it necessarily belong to it. It will ecarcely be forgotten that, immediately after the Chicogo fire, there was a succession of “causes,” ench one of which, in turn, was made to bear the blame. TFirst, ours was & city of frame thanties, until it was dis- covered that we had buildings of brick, and stone, snd iron. Then it was & mysterious condition of the atmosphere gen- erating a sort of spontaneons combustion. Af- terwards, the tar-and-gravel roof was the all- pervading medium of our disester, and then the tar-and-gravel pavement. Nobody thought of Iaying the responsibility npon the Mansard roofs, iaimyly ‘because they were not numerous in Chi- cago. TheBoston fire did not start in a Mansard. 1t started in a cellar, and, mora likely, from an aver-heated boiler, placed altogether too near woodwork. It found & quick passage through sn elevator, and caught in & Manssrd; but it would have caught just the same in any other roof that was not fire-proof. If this roof was 8o high that it could not be renched by water, it wes mnot the fault of the Mansard. There was a succcession of high buildings in the ‘burned district of Boston ; there were narrow streats end crooked alleys that wero sgon block- aded with falling material, and rendered im- penetrable by blazing heat; it Was thirty-six minutes before the steam engines reached the scone of the conflagration. These things must be taken into account in canvassing the causes of the disaster. While protesting against the thoughtless and intolerant abuse of the Mansard in connection with the Boston fire, there is no reason to deny that it has serious faults of construction. It does not seem necessary, in order to attain the beauty of the exterior and the convenionces of the interior of the Mansard roof, that it should be ‘Dbuilt exclusively of wood, 85 is generally the case. It nced not, s is invariably the case in Chicago, contain any more inflammable material than any other story of a house, nor as much as most other kinds of roofing. It can be built of light iron rafters, forming a frame-work mpon which to adjust the slate tiles which givo it the varie- gated color. It might be built of brick at the sides, and the appearance of lightness secured by the exterior decoration of-late; the roofing proper, in this case, could be rendered as near fire-proof 88 the covering of either the flat or the “hip” roofs. The improvement in the composition of the French roof is needed as much as the improvement in our buildings throughout. But, when this improvement- is made, neither the Chicago fire nor the Boston fire teaches the need of prohibiting the Man- pard altogether. In the way of fighting fire with sxes,—the only way in which it can be fought successfully at & height of six, seven, and eight stories, whero the water cannot be forced,—the Mansard roof has its ad- vantages. Itcan be reached more easily from outside, and, once reached, it can be demolish- ed and thrown into the street more guickly than any other roof. Ina word, the Maneard roof is too much of an ornament, adaptable to all kinds of houses, and too servicesble in sl crowded cities, to abandon, solong a8 it iz possible to make it as efficacions in resisting fire as any other house-covering in use. The architects of Philadelphia have recently said as much, while recommending improvements in its construction. It is believed that the grest majority of archi- tects everywhere favor its use, as the architects of Chicago certainly do, Nor do they doubt that the Mansard can be made as incombustible as any other style of roofing. The reason forits not boing so generallyis, thatthe owners are not willing to incar the necessary expense. In Paris, ironis used very genernlly in the con- struction of the Mansardroofs ; and, where the frame is outlined with wood, the elate is solid, gawed in blocks, instead of being put on in thin tiles, The Herald Building, in New York, hasa Mansard roof that is regarded as fire-proof. A building law, or an edict of the underwriters to this effect, would be more to the purpose than an effort to discard the Mansard roof altogether. TEE LIQUOR LAW IN ENGLAND. The act for regulating the eale of intoxicaling iquors, recently passed aftor very long and Inbored discussion in Parliament, is remarkable a8 being the firat legislative result of the fem- perance egitation in England. Itis very tem~ perately, and, compared with some of our Amer- joan cnsctments, conservatively, framed, and is reported to work well, Ita chief provisions nre o eystem of inspection, which aims to detect and punish the adulteration of liquors, or the gale of poisonous compounds, under the name, of liquors; the punishment of aggravated or hab- jtual dronkenness by imprisonment ; the clos- ing of all tippling houses at 11 o'clogk ab night, on the theory that most of the drinking and riotous carousing thatlead to crime occur after that hour ; requiring beer saloons as well a8 liquor shops to apply to the magistrates for & license, and to come under severs penlties for edmitting drunkenness, gaming, or disorderly or dishonest characters ; the intent of the Iatter being to suppress all disorderly houses. In the discussion, total prohibition has few ad- vocates. A considerable party were in favor of remitting the entire question to the rate-payers of each perish, with power to regulate, liconse, or prohibit, as they should see proper. A few favored the Swedish plan of having the liquor manufactured and” sold by tho Gov- ernment by its selaried officers, who are prohib- ited from having any interest in the sale, and of prohibiting all trade in liguor by private perties. Others wera content to enlarga the power of the magistrates to suppress disorderly houses and ‘punich druonkenness. ‘The Englishlegislation differs from the Amer- ican in regarding the drankard as responsible for his drunkenness, while most of the American 1aws regard the drunkard ag & gort of irrespon- sible and pitiable imbecile, and hold the seller of the liguor responsible for his drunkenness, and even for the crime he may commit While in thet state. The extreme realization of this principle is in the Ohio and Tlinois 1aw, which holds the real estate Which may be rented to the ealoon-keepers who sell the liquor which causes the drunkenness which gives rise to0 & crimo responsible to the person injured by that crime, or his personal repre- gentatives, in damages. The logle of intoxica- tion seems not yet to have penetrated the English mind to anything like this extent. Perhaps it will in time. It is & comfort to Imovw, however, that the English law wes actual- lyand immediately enforced, and that its en- forcement was attended everywhere by a marked decrease of crime. : PAUPERISH AND CRIME. In England, which has sometimes spent forty millions of dollars a year in poor-relief, and is this year spending &t half that rate, and which, according to Charles Tennent, in The People’s Blue-Book, put 88,000 vagrants to death in the last year of Henry the Eighth's reign, pauperism has always been more thoroughly discussed than any other question of social seience. In America, our lower classes have not, except in our Iarge cities, particalarly those on the Atlantic coast, demanded serious sttention, and statistics on the subject, which sre fully and nccurstely studied in England, are neg- lected here. Even the Census law slights this matter, and General Walker, in submitting Table 19 of the census, which tabulates the figures of pauperism and crime, acknowledges that the re- turns for neither are sccurate. If, aswe are told, we are to have the poor with us always, we must study the causes of their impoverishment, but this, Buperintendent Walker says, is impos- gible under the limited and faulty Census law of 1850: It gavetheState of New York, in the eighth census, out of 3,880,785 inhebitants, a pauper- ism of 164,789, supported at an average cost of 99 a head ; while Pennsylvania, nearly equal in populstion -and industrial development, wWas charged with only 16,463, supported at a cost of $40 n head. States were reported by that census to have & pauperlist five or ten times larger than that of Btates in the same general.condition, because in some the ¢ golid” amount of pauperism—obtained by dividing the sum of all relief rendered by the cost of supporting one peuper, the quotient be- ing the representative number of paupers—was given, and in others all cases of assistance,mul- tiplied many times by the reappearance of the same porsons, were returned 88 cases of in- dividual and permanent pauperism. In a country of such diverse conditions as the United States, accurate exhibits of pauperism canbe got only by ascertaining: the numbers actually inmates of alms-houses on & certain day ; the impersonal or solid amonnt of pauper- ism ; the number of all who have received any relief whatsover; the number who have become inmates for mny period whatsoever. Only the fist of _these four inguiries is epecified in the present Cemsus law. It permits one of the others to be mado b the discretion of the takers of the census, and Superintendent Walker has chosen in this way to ascertain what he aptly styles the *“solid” smount of pauperism. Thit" he coneiders the most exact single expression possible for the actual pauperism of a country. That the Superintendent’s caution, not to use the figures of the different censuses for com- parison, is well founded, appears when we at- tempt to do s0. According to the tables given, the total number supported during the year ended June 1, 1870, was 116,102, at & cost of $10,930,429 ; during 1800, 821,665, at $5,445,143 ; dnring 1850, 134,972, ot $2,954,806. This makes the cost, perhead, in 1870, 994 ; in 1860, $17 ; in 1850, $22. These discrepancies roveal the atter wantof uniformity in the operation of the law under which these figures have been gathered. More dependence can be placed upon the figures showing the number receiving support on June 1. There were of these, in the whole country, in 1870, 76,737 ; in 1860, 82,942; in 1850, 560,853, Colored paupers make their ap- pearance first in the census of 1870, in which they are 9,400. By far the most of them are in the Southern Btates, South Carolina having 1,106, and Virginis 1,312. In each census, the native far ontnumber the foreign paupers. The ‘proportions were, in 1850, nearly 8 to 1; in 1860, gbout 134 to 1; in 1870, abont 23 to 1. Illinois hsd, in 1870, June 1, 2,363 actually receiving re- Jiof,—1,25¢ native and 1,109 foreign. Of tho na- tive, 41 were colored. During that year, 6,054 were supported at & cosbof 556,061 In 1860, $196,184 was spent for tho support of 4,628, 1,856 of whom were on hend June 1 (707 native and 1,149 foreign). In 1850, the corresponding figures are $45,213 for 797 paupers ; 434 on hand June 1, 279 of them natives. These statistics make the average cost of support vary from $57 in 1850 to $42 in 1860, and §92in1870. In gathering these stalistics Superintendent Walker has not included the reliet given to distressed immigrants, nor to the inmates of charitable institutions or insane asylums. How to administer public charity go as not to give s premium to idleness, and at the same time to economize the fands, hes been s puzzling question. English poor lawe, although they vigited upon vagabondage tho egeverest penal- ties, even to death without benefit of clergy, gave 5o prodigal relief that in the end the ex~ penditare Toso to mearly £8,000,000 annually, and work-houses became places for idling in. The ignorant believed the poor- rate an inexhaustible fund which belonged to them. “ To obtain their share,” it was official 1y said, ¢ the bratal bullied the administrators the profligates exhibited their bastards which must be fed; the idle folded their afms and waited till they gob it ; ignorant boys and girls married upon ib; poachers, thieves, and prostitates extorted it by intimidation ; country Justices lavished it for popularity, and guardi- gus for convenience.” Underthe rigid method of administration recommended by General Walker, there would be little danger of similar abuses oven under similar circumstarces. He states the most economical mothod of treating the pauperism of a community to be the fown- favm system. Lands, buildings, and farming- taols are provided by the town, the only salaried officer i8 the overseer, and every psuperis re- quired to work. This prospect of ‘compulsory work gives the would-be pauper psuse, and reduces the expenso to $50 or $60 a year for each in- mate. When the States maintain their paupers in idleness, in Iarge establishments, with numer- ous officials, and expensive appointments, the cost of support risea as high ss 8100, $135 or 2140, Sinceno common criminal nomenclatare or procedure is used by the States, and since the Census law makes no provision for the collection of the convictions in each State classified ac- conding to crimes, the criminal statistics of the census are of little value. The numbers in prison on the 1st of Juno are believed to be ac- curately stated at 6,787 in 1850; 19,086 in 1860; 82,901 in 187 In each case the native far exceed the foreign criminals. In Mlinois, the numbers convicted " were 816 in 1850; 812 in 18605 1,652 in 1870. There were in prison on the 1t of June, in1850, 252, of whom 164 were natives; in 1860, 485, 172 of them foreigners ; in 1870, 1,795, of whom 1,872 were native snd 423 foreign. How outof all proportion the criminal statistics are may be judged from the fact that, in Pennsylvanis, re- turns were obtained of only 2,930 convictions during the year, while New York, with little ‘more population, is charged with 58,067, nearly twenty times as many, The best results of this census, {gkon under what General Walker calls “the clumsy, anti~ quated, and barbarous law of 1850,” are the thorough exposure he makes of its defects, and the prospect that Congress will replace it-by & symmetrical and scientific scheme framed ac- cording to his suggestions. Our pauperiem, crime, and ignorance,—these three are multi- ples of one another,—can then be studied in- telligently. There is need they should be, In our large Atlantic cities, the lower classes are as dangerous ad in any part of Europe. A high authority, 0. L. Brace, of the Children’s Aid Society, says that there are the same ex- plosive elements beneath the surface of New York as beneath that of Paris. Let but the law 1ift ita hand from them, we should see an explo- gion which might leave the city in ashes and blood.” Pauperism comes upon wus in other and unexpected directions. In the Re- port of the Massachusetta Burean of Labor for 1871, General Oliver says ‘that the books of employers in nearly every department of Iabor show that the mannal or wage class is but a very short distance removed from sbsolute want, & want 80 near that a revulsion like that of 1837 might even bring them to famine.” A final argument for the revision of the Census laws that General Walker asks for is, that in the wide revelations of statistics only can we discern the agencies that will accomplish gemeral reform. Individual philanthropy is sn assault in detail a8 impotent a8 an attempt to cure the small-pox by attacking each sepsrate pustule. There is needed something beyond sympathy,—s states- manship inspired by sympathy which shall gnide the deep and secret springs of social motion in the mass, For instance, when the whole working population of Grest Britain was sink- ing into abject destitution, one-fourth of the entire populstion bordering on starvation, and when public charity, alone, vainly threw $25,- 000,000 & yesrinto what seemed s bottomless pit, it was the repesl of the Corn laws,—a cool act of legislation, far more effective than all public, private, and religions philanthropies combined,— that reversed the motion of the machinery that wos making paupers. If we hed trustworthy statistics, and they verified the inference de- duced by Commissioner Wells, that bad legisla- tion hos driven American Iaborers nearer to pauperism than they were in 1860, if they veri- fied the state of affairs asserted by General Oliver to exist in Massachusetts, social reform- ers could demand, with much more power, the repeal of these injurions lsws, and legislation could not fail to be improved by a more intimate scquaintance with facts. Itis tobe hoped that Congress will heed General Walker's sugges- tions. — ‘WHAT NEXT? Thera i3 a grim sort of consolation in the fact thaet if we are just now suffering from a com- bination of calamities, such as great fires, the horse disease, & stringent money market, heavy taxes, and various social disorders, we are not slone in our misery. All the powers of evil and forces of disaster seem to be let loose at once in Europe, and with a fary which is almost sufi- cient to meke one believe that Satan has beer unchined, and is commencing on his thousand yesrs of havoe. The cable despatches in oumr last issue present & catalogue of horrors, the bare enumeration of which is enough to make the reader a settled bypochondrisc. Fifst, & terrific storm sweeps slong the English coast, wrecking everything within 1ts reach, and involving & sad loss of life. The same gale raveged the [Prussian cosst. If the damage to shipping wss less gevere, it was only = because merchantmen are not 50 numerous as on the English cosst. What it failed to do on the ses, however, it more than accomplished on shore. The encient and queint old town of Stralsund, which has borne the brant of nearly all the old German wars, which was besieged by Wallenstein in 1628, bom- barded in 1678, and nearly destroyed by Frederio Williem, the great Elector of Brandenburg, and captured agein, after desperate struggles, in 1718 and 1807, seems to have come in for more than its share of this terrible natural convalsion. Twelve vessels were sunk in the shallows of its harbor. The whole town was inundated, and then, to add to the general horror, & great fire broke out, destroying many of the largest ware- houses aud other buildings, as well as many lives. Those in the interior have fared little better. For several days, an unusu- ally severe rain and snow-storm hes prevailed in Eastern Germany, prosirating the telegraph ires in every direction, snd doing widespresd damage by flooding the country. Lubec, the famous commercial city of Germany, close by Hamburg, and the former meeting-place of the Hanseatic Lesgue, has suffered like Stralsund, and all its principal buildings are under water, The coal mines of Staffordshire add a melan- choly item to the general tidinga of disaster, one of them being suddenly inundated, while the miners were at work, twenty-two of whom perished misersbly. The South Sea Islands farnish the Ilast and most fear- fol story of =&ll, in which ‘“man’s inhomanity to man” dwarfs all the desolation by fire and storm. An English vessel waa on 8 kidnapping expedition among the islands. The unsuspecting natives were decoyed alongside the vessel, when their canoes were emashed. The wretched victims were fished out of the water and thrust into the liold of the vessel. They fought for their liberty, and, to secure it, set fire to the vessel, and then the Captain and crew commenced firing into them indiscrimi- nately. The next morning the hatches were re- moved, seventy were found either dead or ‘wounded, and the wounded and dead were thrown. overboard together. It is hard to believe that human nature can be guilty of such atrocious crimes, but one man in the crowd of barbarous wretches bes had conscience emough to every reader as he pernses this dismal list of horrorais: “What next?” What new calamity or combination of calamifies is to come to-day or to-morrow? What fresh evils have the re- vengeful fates in store for the world, already grosning under its heavy burdens? Just as the great wars were over and all the pations of the oarth had settled peacefully down to industrial and commercial pursuits, and the tWo leading powers had set & joyful exsmple to the rest by settling their disputes amicably, all the powers of fire, air, and water saem to be 1ot loose, With no restraints npon their capabil- ities for mischief. Esrthquakes swallow up the cities of the plain, The pestilence setf forth upon its devastating march, and nof even the dumb beasts escape its influences. Vol- canoes rain storms of fire wpon the villages ‘below, and consume them. Vast and terrible conflagrations Isy low great cities and forests in: anight. Whirlwinds destroy rural villages and. the Iabors of the husbandman, floods submerge- the accumulations of the merchants, and gales: sweep the coasta of their shipping. The light«- ningin itewrath spares neither the Escurial,. with its buried Kings, nor the remotest country" hamlet. There is only one oconsolation: attaching to this general havoe, and-thad: is, we are graduslly becoming accustomed toit, eod may soon_be able to endure it, and;. perhaps, enjoy it with a certain degree of phil- osophy. At present,” however, the world is as: pitiable as poor old Lear, out on the barren heath, with nothing to protect him from the piti- less storms. The only advice that seems worth: offering is, that, as we cannot take any possible: precantions sgainst these little eccentricities ot nature, it is the part of wisdom to recognize the disagreeabla necessity of tho situstion ; to ex~ pect the worat and thereby escape disappoint~ ment if the worst should bappen; to eat three mesls s day as usual ; to psyas many taxes ae pns_sih]a, or, at least, as may bo necessary to pra- serve respect for that estimable person, the tax‘gatherer; to get married if you are not, amd to stay marmied if yom are, and trast to ~some ratural ‘phenomenon, if you have no other reliance, for the wherewithal to pay the bills; to be- sober, dircreet, and virtuons, that you may sleep well; to be contented with everything end surprised stnothing. That is about the philosophy of the situstion as it would appear to a man up a tree. At the same time, this will hardly prevent that elevated individual from asking the inevitable question: “What next?” Meanwhile, and until that question is answered, the time might be very profitably employed in figuring how 5~ got along without meat and milk, as we leyn from the East that the epihippicis seizing.ihe - cattle, and threatens to become epibovic. / —The retarns in North Carolina indj Grant’s vote will fall at least 10,000, :fdg:::}:: Caldwell vote, and Greeley 20,000 Belo,. Judge Merrimon. e An article by Mr. Knatchbull-Hugesson, in AMaemillan's Monthly, in favor of “*the redistri- bution of political power” in England, shows that, since the extension of the franchise by the Reform Dbill of 1867, the following inequalities still mark the ellotment of representatives in Parliament, viz.: - Members.. Etectors, 5,008,000 resident in metropolitan bor . 3,270,000 resident in 11h:’§m wxmw:fipfim s+ exceeding 100,000 1,575,000 resident in 23 towns with ‘tween 50,000 and 100,000, ki 1,850,000 resident in 64 towns with & population be- S0 s 0 e SO, en wns with & populati 100,00 pes T 00 3 A s Teaident in, 66 towns with & popuiati % ‘below 10,000, L " s 10,655,000 20T By this it appears that 400,000 persons in cer~ tain localities return ns many members (within three) as 6,250,000 of voting electors resident elsewhere. The plan proposed by the writer e to leave the five members for the Universities aa they are, give ope to Durham Univarsity, and one to the Inns of Court, and apportion the remaining members among the fifty-two counties of England and Wales 80 as to give one ‘member to every 100,000 population, or 454 niem~ bersin all. The writer concludes ; i ‘There is just cause for sgitation in favor of & great e Sab, Sl S sisof our Constitution in_1855-67, but short of completion in our task. ‘Let ns“afiz"}”:g longer, but anticipale the storm which infailibly arise ere long, ond desl with this question before it has made the battlo-field of Party, before it is identified with men whose aims and desires go for beyord the progressive constitutional Lmprovement which is desired by mode- ate men of both political parties, and before we are Torced to deal with it at & sesson less calm and a mo- ‘ment less opportune than the present for the wiso and satiafactory solution of 3 difficult polidcal problem. The Republican principle, that representation ‘must be proportionate to populstion, is thus un~ tethered 8s the belenoir in the avenue of Eng- lish politics. If it win in the fizht, there are others behind it—the abolition of the Peerage and the Crown—ending in complete Republican~ ism. Whether there is anything nore levalling than thst, it is not for Republicans t0 835, ~ The English mind is serionsly agitated on the subject of railroad disasters. It his been com- puted that no fewar than fifty serio1s accidenta ‘have happened within the spece of s month. The Coroner's inquests in several cases found the cause in rotten rails and other defects in the mansgement. Itissaid that people are begin~ ning to avoid railway travel except in ceses of actual necessity. Certain it is that the railroad corporations are beginning to feel tho effects of these frequent disasters. Soms confirmation of this may be found in the following table of com~ parative prices of stock mow and ten montha 2go: Present Price, London & Southwestern.. 04 Manchester, Sheffleld & Lincoln- shire.... g 8T} Boutheastern.... L0y Additional proof of the alarm among the rail- road people is to bo discovered in thefact that. the managers of all the railways in the kingdom have recently held s meeting to consider the feaaibility of raising & general insuracce fund to indemnify them for the dzmages and losses smstained by the succession of disasters. et s iaas ey A1, D. Conway, vriting to the Cincinnati Commercial from London, furnishes the in. formation, upon what he deems to be good authority, that Father Newman, the Principal of the Oratory at Birmingham, is under clond in his relations to the Catholic Church, and that intercourse botween him and Archbishop Man. ping a0d Cardinal Callen is suspended His eympathy with Dr. Doellinger’s views on the dogms of infallibility has brought him into thia J g igh 10 | ouble. The only diffarence between Newman turn Queen’s evidemce, and i 8| 4ng Doellinger is, that the former believes that to be hoped that this Iatest de- | nfallibility can only reeide in the voice of the velopment of English barbarity not only will ‘met with the most inexorable administration of but will serve to help on the movement already commenced in Epgland to English justice, punish and prevent Lidnapping into slavers enlist the co-operation of Gther EGrOPeARuA: tions in the good work. The inevitable question Whi e will oceur 0 entire clergy assembled in council, while the Iat- terinclines to the opinion that infallibility is only to be aseribed to the voice of the faithfnl throughout the world. Both thase views are not . only distastefal to the Ultramontane authariiies, ‘but are considered dangerons, g0 that it becomes very questionable whether Father Newman wilt re allowed to hold his Birmingbam positisn ong.