Casper Daily Tribune Newspaper, November 16, 1924, Page 7

Taae la on 8:30, KOB, WCCO, WFAA, WLW. iC; 9, KSD, WGR, W: 6:30, CKAC, WJAX; 7, KSD, Bi 10, KGO, KPO; . KGW; 10:40, WLS; 11, WFAA; 12, WLS. Wednesday—6, WCX, WGN, WK- AQ; 6:30, WCAY, WOO; 6:45, KSD; 7, WTAM; 7:30, KFNF, KPO, WB. AP, WHA! 8, WDAF, WDAR, WGN, WGR, WMH, Wwoc; 8:30, WGN, WMC, WMY; , 8:45, WO! 8:55, WLW; 9, KSD,/ WGR: 9: WOO; 9:30, WCCO; 10, KGW: weoco. Thursday—6, WCX, WGN, WJAX, WOR; 6:15, WCCO; WKAQ, WOAW, WRc; WFI, 7:30, CKAC, WBAP, WHAS, 8, KGO, WEAF, WCBD, WGN.WGR, WHB, WMH, 8:30, WEAF, WFAA, WGN, WRC; 9, WCAL, Woaw, 30, WBAP, WEAF; 10, KPO, WCCO, WGY¥, WBAI; 10:30, WCAY, WLW; 11, KPO. Friday—6, WCX, WGN; WSBJ; 6:30, WCCO, . WEAF, WHAS. KSD, WCAY, WGN, WGR: 240, KFAE, KOB, WF. ; 9, CKY, Woaw: 0; 9:45, WGR; TODAY'S FEATURES. Sunday, silent night for: KSD, WDAR, WFI, WHN, WIP, WOR, wke. CKAC, Montreal, Can. (Eastern, 425), 10:30 p. m., concert, 8. 8. Paris orchestra; soloist, Mrs. Maubourg: Roberts; talks, French Consul-Gen- eral, Baron de Vitrolles; Senator C. P. Beaublen, KGO, Oakland, Calif. (Pacific, 312), 11 a. m., service, First Church of Christ Scientist; Pp. m., KGO Litte Symphony orchestra, Carl Rhodehamel, conductor; Ernest H. McCandish, tenor;, &, service. First | Church of Christ Selentist. KGW, Portland, Ore, (Pacific, 492), 6 bp. m., church! services, Portland Council of Churches; 7, dinner con- cert, Colburn concert orchi KYW, Chicago, Ill. (Central, 536), 7-9:15 p..m., Imperial male quartet; “Pilgrim's Progress,” Clifford “W. Barnes; organ recital, Stanley Mar- tin; quartet and choir; Doxology and the Lord’s prayer, audience; anthem, Miller and choir; scripture, prayer; hem, Herbert Gould and choir; innouncemeénts, Clifford Barnes, president of club; solo, Rose L. Gan- non; hymn, congregation; address, Dr. C. W. Petty; hymn, congrega- tion; organ \postlude, 2 WBAP, Fort Worth, Texas (Cen- tral, 476), 11 a. m., services, First Methodist church, Rev, I. W. Bergin, pastor; Will Foster, organist; 4 p. m., concert, Rialto theater; 11-12, mid- night frolles, Ted Miller's California Jazz band. WEAF, New York, N. Y. (astern, 492), 3-5 p. m., hymn singing and services; 7:20-9:15, Roxy and hig gang, Capitol theater; 9:16-10:15, Skinner organ recital. WEBB; Chicago, Ill. (Central, 370), 5-6 p.m., twilight musicale; 7-9, se- lected artists’ program. WHB, Kansas City, Mo. (Central, 411), 9:45-11'a. m., services, Linwood Boulevard Christian church, Dr. Burris Jenkins, pastor; 8-9:15 p. m., services, representative church of Kansas City. 3 bs WQJ, Chicago, Ill. (Central, 448), 10:30 a. m., People's church, D) Preston Bradley; Clarence waad, organist; 8-10, Ralph Williams a his Rainbo Garden orchestra; Grat Nelson, 14-year-old pianist; Nelile McGovern, soprano; Marldean Bor- teen, baritone; Fern Denicke, ac- companiat. . MONDAY. Monday, silent night for CKAC, KFNF, KYW, WGN, WHAS, WJY, WLS, WMAQ, WQJ, WRC. KGW, Portland, Ore. (Pacific, 492), 6 p. m., children’s program; travel story, Aunt Nell; 8, concert, The Oregonian Concert orchestra. KSD, St. Louis, Mo. (Central, 548), 7D. m., music and specialties, Mis- sourl theater; 9, symphony concert, Littau's concert orchestra; 11, pro- gram, Railroad Y. M. C. A. orches- tra, WCCO, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn. (Central, 417), 6 p. m., sport hour; 8, “Minnesota Historical socl- 0, musical program; 9 weath- er report; 10, Paul Devin's orchestra Hotel Radison. WDAF, Kansas City, Mo. (Central 411). 8:30-4:30 p. m., the Star's string trio; 5-5:30, weekly Boy Scout program; 6-7 school of the air, pl- @no tuning in number on the Duo- Art; personal message from Robert ‘W. Babson, statistical expert; the tell-me-a-story lady; music, Hotel Muehlebach Trianon ensemble; 8- 9:15, popular program, the Star's Radio ogchestra; 45-1 a. m., night hawk frolic, the “Merry Old Chief” and the Plantation players. WFAA, Dallas, Tex. (Central 476), 8:30-930 p. m., Belcanto quartet. WFI, Philadelphia, Pa. (Eastern, 395), 1 p. m., Meyer Davis Bellevue Stratford concert orchestra; 3:05, Loretta Kerk, pianist; 4, ‘Hayden Symphony,” Toy Symphony orches: tr 30, Meyer “Davis Bellevue Stratford concert orchestra; 7, Bun- ny Jim, the Kkiddie's pal, , NOVEMBER 16, 1924. Lessens Value of vacuum tubes aré us the decrease in efficiency until they ha in the set. In the design of the finest radio receivers insulation is an important question. The Bureau of Standards in Washington tests insulation 50 that all can benefit by knowing just how much change can be ex- pected by heat, moisture in the air and yarious other conditions. The effect of sunlight upon hard rubber is even considered, because sun- light changes the resistance slight- ly. Thes are erties of insulation fully considered, and when «Observations were made on be at - eviceal ignal strength was found to4 be uniform during most of the year, was to be from the moderate distance of transmission, Dut with the coming of the cold ‘waves of January, 1924, the signals rose to more than twice their nor- mal strength, experts said. “At the sime time there were de- ‘viations of many degrees in the ap- parent direction of the sending stations, as indicated by the radio ag even in the pee when long waye compass are generally free from error,” the Bureau of Standards said. “The end of the weries of cold waves in January did not at once lon conditions to ‘Winter, but left a condition of in- stability, which persisted through the comparatively mild cold of Feb- restore transmissi the uniformity of Autumn and early bins Tuary and early March. “During this time the signals frequently fluctuated, going to high fhe Taser Sunnav: rinimme oa cleaner is Dust between the antenna and ground post will cause losses Clean the inside of a radio receiver often. Dust will break down i Good’ Insulation Which Is Important in Tuning to Dis- tant Stations with Weak Waves By PAUL McGINNIS. Dust in a radio receiver will cut down the volume of sound the receiver produces and keep out many of the less powerful stations which would otherwise come through. $ A beautiful job of mounting and wiring can be spoiled by a coat- ing of dust. No insulation is good for radio unless it is kept clean. inside of a set should be dusted as frequently as the, outside and should be he) as bright and neat as it was when It was new. E on a set begins to lose its volume after two or three months, ually blamed, but good tubes seldom show a The been used for six months or more. It is more likely that dust has accumulated where it can do damage a set is made of the best bakelite because it is just a little bit better than something else, it is unfair to the set and its builders to allow dust to accumulate and break down this insulation. Dust is composed of metal as well as lint and soil. It has been seid that each square of virgin soil on the surface of the earth contains part of every other square foot on the surface of the eartlt. This means that dust coming through the air is composed of STATIONS ARE TWICE AS LOUD DURING MONTH OF JANUARY ease the power of radio signals to more than twice thats normal streasts, according. to atudies just completed by the tates Stan 9 Magar Oo Sp acer daylight signals from the long wave tations at New Brunswick, N. J., and Tuckertown, N. Y. value for a few hours and then re- turning to normal, without any ob vious connection with weather con- ditions, After March 19 these ir- regularities ceased find transmis- Sion again became normal.” Observations on other long-wave stations indicated that these large variations do not occur at a dis- tence of fifty kilometers, that they are large at 250 to 300 kilometers and are again less at 400 to 700 kilometers. According to bureau expert: there is at present no definite e: Hanation of this phenomenon. The cause is said to be evidently atmos pberic, and the connection with the cold waves suggests that either the the atmosphere concerned the signal variations lies much the Heaviside layer — 80 or belo 100 kilometers—or that weather | Thenomena are correslated with at- mospheric action at much greater heights than has been hitherto sup- pcsed. ‘ SERENE Seon ee ese toma Pewee, UE Thinks Audience Is Biggest On Monday Night of the week has the. on that night might be silent on Monday night than “a |o fact that moré stations| the other week-day night. Thirty of the eighty leading stations in the Inited States, Canada, Mexico and Cuba are off the air on Monday nights. Although thirty-four, sta- tions are silent on Sunday night, has proven that this is ater number of listeners on Monday nights to fact that it is, so to speak, an of a condénser dy for removing dust from the plates PAGE SEVEN, Copyright, 1934, Premier Syndicate, Inc. An excessi amount of flux will accumulate and will also cause corrosion Dust will cause deakage across the terminals of sockets Dust Decreases Volume of Radio Receiver fragments of rock from the pyra- mids of Egypt.as well as iron from the furnaces of New Jersey and New York. Such varticles settling in a radio set cause leakage of the high frequency current. If dust is deposited between the aerial and the ground, the pulse from a distant station may leak| across and be dissipated before it) has a chance to enter the receiver. Variable condensers are partic larly sensitive to dust, as they have many plates which must come close to each other. A single frag- ment of ling between these plates may attract enough dust In a few days to form a short circuit for much of *he energy which the con- denser must handle. A pipe cleaner is efficient tor cleaning the conden. ser. Do not use ofl on any bear- ings, as the oil will:attract dust and in this case insulate the part of the condenser which should make good contact. Dust. between the grid and fila ment terminals of a tube socket will have the effect of a grid leak, and may cut down the volume of the set. If a paste flux is used for solder- ing, it must be removed thoroughly with a cloth, so that it will not creep along the wires and break down insulation. All other parts of the set should be cleaned often, especially where two contacts are close together, TRANSFORMER IS MADE An audio frequency transformer is used to amplify the music or Voice sounds so they may be heard with greater intensity. This instru: ment is assembled from three parts, made of two evils of wire and an fron core. One coil, called the primary, is wound directly*over the core, turns are added until the primary is complete. The two terminals are “B." The former is connected to the plate of the vacuum tubp and the latter to the “B” battery positive post. The other coil, which is called the secondary, is wound with thousands of turns of finer wire; and the terminals of this coil are Audio-frequency transformer of the shielded type, and symbolic diagram of the same instrument as used in conven- tional radio circuits. The vertical lines indicate the lami: nated iron core. brought to binding posts marked “G” and “F.” The terminal marked goes to the grid of the amplifying tube, and the post marked “F” connects to the negative side of the filament battery. The reason for the greater number of turns on the secondary is that a step up ratio, HOW TO REDUCE _CAPACITY OF CONDENSER an ‘of night.’” Often a 43-piate condenser is taken out of the set because of its high minimum capacity; and diffi- culty of fine adjustment. The | fij scheme of connection described here, with the addition of a fixed condenser, will decrease the capac- ity to a low value that will be suffi- cient for the purpose. Connect the variable condenser in the usua] way, except one term- The Proper Connections. inal, which connects to a fixed condenser of .0005 microfarad ca- pacity, as shown in .the sketch. This serious ¢apacity will cut the maximum capacity of the variable from its original capacity of .001 microfarad to a maximum of .0005, or one-half, which is the same as the 23-plate condenser, If a still smaller capacity 1s de- sired, it ig necessary to add a smaller condenser, say of .0002b microfarad capacity. This will cut the 43-plate variable condenser down to the capacity of an 11-plate aaanse condenser, or .00025 micro- arad. WGN, Chicago, Ill, (Central, 370), 6-6:30 p, m., organ recita}, Lyon & Healy. WIP, Philadelphia, Pa. (Rastern, WHO, WMH, WoC, WOO. TUESDAY. Tuesday, silent night for KFQX, WEBH, Chicvago, Iil., (Central, chorus; Joyce Holloway Barth jrace Porter Neff, soprano; duet for tenor and baritone, R. A. Brown, Richard Lun en, bass; on, pianist; 609), 1 p. m., Gimbel tea room or-| $70) 7 p. m., Edgewater Beach Ori-| Carl F. Volker; Edith O. Stetson, chestra; 3, “Desirable government,” | ole orchestra; Dean Remick, planist;| contralto; Ernest H. McCandish, George G, Calhoun; 8:15, Philadel-| musical hits, Riviera theater; 9, Orl-| tenor; Margaret Avery, cellist; quar- phia Conservatory of music Pauline | ole orchestra; Harry Davis, baritone; | tet for ladies’ voices; Carl Anderson, Venden Beemt, pianist; Benjamin|11, Edgewater Beach Oriole orches-| tenor; Edith Hibberd, soprano; Jore- | 5 Walder, violinist; Paul Bookmyer,| tra; Nick Lucas, songster; Edge-|phine Hblub, violinist; 10-1 I pianist; Samuel Greenberg, violinist;| water Beach trio music, Henry Halstead's orc Joseph Liveine, pianist; 6:05, Hotel] KGO, Oakland, Cal., (Pacific, 812)| WOO, Philadelphia, Pa., (f #t. James dinner orchestra; 7, Uncle | 4-5:30 p. m., concert orchestra, Ho-| 509), 11 a. m., organ recital, Mary | t bedtime stories, tel St. Francis; 8, Arion trio; mixed bot Vogt; 1202p; m., Wanamaker or voltage increase, is desired between the two coils. It is a phenome- non of induction that an actual voltage increase can’ be obtained in but separated from it by insulating material, and many hundreds of | clean. Th insulation which must be as perfect as possible, if best results are to be obtained. All parts should be kept like new. HOW AN AUDIO-FREQUENCY the relative worth of “litz” ceivers, and especially where it experience with the German wire “p” | first saw some long-wave coils wound with this stranded ty then brought to binding posts, usually marked with the letters “P” and Garth Cdl cup otake Hasibiite GeinG*IFInS 1h Bulehoe Aine ator Was quite enthusiastic about t | Our subsequent experience with the new wire was somewhat sim- ilar, but with the difference that we noticed an improvement only on waves above fifteen hundred me- ters. Now that the question has |revived we have checked up the |@xperience of others and find that jit is the same as ours, namely, jthat the wire has no advantage jfor the broadcast wav It has a disadvantage, according |to the experience of many fans, in j that its efficiency becomes consid- erably lower than that of the ordi- nary magnet-wire wound coil if one of the tiny strands should be |broken. It is quite difficult to know if it is broken because it is necessary to test each one in |the cable for continuity of circuit. However, if the set wound with |“ltz"" wire gives poor results it is an indication of a broken strand. |. According to a report made by the Bureau of Standards in Wash- ington, tests indicate that solid wire, properiy spaced, gives the greatest efficiency for broadcast frequencies. The design of low loss tuners has occupied the atten- tion of radio experts to a remark- able degree this year_and, as a this way. « highratio when the attrerence| LARGE STAFF WORKS TO KEEP between the number of turns on the two colls is great, and a low- 400), 7:30-9 p. m., concert, ler's Melodiats, Carl Zoeller, director. 6 p.m, “Advice to Love orn,” ( ratio en the difference is slight. In ordinary practice ratios of five- to-one are most suitable. Other ratios, higher and lower than this igure, are available for certain re- quirements of amplification. ‘When connecting a transformer whose windings are not identified by letters, a fan should test them. The test is simple and can be made with @ pair of phones and a single dry-cell. The winding pro- duced the louder clock in the Phones is the primary. The out- side terminal of the secondary, or the end farther from the core, should be connected to the grid. because it is the high potential end; and the inside terminal goes to the filament battery. The accompanying sketch shows a shielded type transformer, which has an advantage over the un- shielded instrument, in that the former confines the magnetic field within the shield, preventing audio- frequency feed-backs to other trans- formers. On the right is shown the con- ventional-symbol for an audio fre- quency transformer, with the core represented by ten vertical lines. Paint Will Spoil Set, Paint should not be used in a radio receiver. It will cause leak- age. If the instruments are mounted upon wooden baseboard, the wood should be left oh: In the rolls and condensers, no liquid of any kind should be used to improve their ap- pearance. RADIO STATION GOING High power radio stations need+municating. a large operating starr to keep the wheels turning. If the station is located at some point not reached by the power lines, a separate staff for the generator house is required. The personnel for this staff in- cludes men skilled in the mainte- nance of steam driven engines or turbines, which turn over the big dynamos. The duties of these men are similar to that of men similarly engaged in power plaht work else- where, Beginning at the source of power, it is seen that the station needs a supply of coal for the engines, steam up. Electricians, or dynamo attendants, watch over the gene-| rators to maintain the required volt- age nad frequency for the current supplied to the transmission room. When the current is carried into the radio , its constancy is watched over by another attendant skilled in this phase of the work. Telephones connect the rious de- partments, by which i: correc: tions of trouble may be made, In the case of a telegraph trans- mission station, there is a staff of operators for sending and receiving the messages. These men handle the traffic between their station and the other with wnich {t is com- Other operators are required to handle the telegraph wires, for relaying the radio mes- sages between their destination points. ° . For small stations of this typ the staff may not exceed twenty men, but for others it may reach upward to several hundreds. On the trans-Atlantic stations the main- tenance falls into the hands of even |@ greater personnel, because there is a tremendous amount of work done, and in its performance many skilled trades are called in quite outside the supposedly immediate demands of a radio station, efficiency to be many times greater than that of the solid wir ‘Pp Ainding posts 1s will jSolid Wire Is Found Best for Filter Coils By J. F. J. MAHER. Considerable in terest has been created around thé questlor ind solid wire for concerns the Filter dates back to about 191 bi hetr performance, and cl + result, we have many fine units on the market. The use of extra heavy wire in the primary coil is a big Step forward and is to be com- mended wherever large aerials are available. We recommend number twenty gage double cotton covered wire for the Filter Tuner colls, because it strikes off a good average ciency for the average aerial. no improvement to use larger than this in the coils other than the primary, but the fan may ex- periment with the primary, both as to the number or turns and the use of heavier wire, in order to in- crease the efficiency of the set. The Filter Tuner works well on any type of outside aerial, but it has a special adaptability for the jextra long span. Because of its extreme selectivity it does not pick |up interference from the long aeri- jal, and stretches of three hundred feet may be used, therefore, suc- cessfully. If the fan wants to try out this extra long aerial he will be more than repaid for his trouble, for he will obtain extraordinary re- sults. The effect of the long aerial is, perhaps, described by our saying that we have pulled in Chicago and Pittsburgh on a crystal, without amplification. For the longer aer- fal it is necessary to take off EA 4 on the primary. The right numbe' can only be determined by experi- ment. Solder Merely Holds. The function of solder in a re- ceiving set {s not to make elec- trical contact, but to preserve a good contact which has already been made. Solder itself is a poor conductor of electricity, ana for this reason it introduces resistance into the ciroult. This makes the set less efficient. The proper way to use solder is to first make the joint as tight as possible and then use a minimum of solder tg hold the joint together. efti- It is |Body Capacity Is and firemen are needed to keep the | is the term applied to the property of the human body which makes it act as an electric condenser, Your body is not a good condenser, Com- pared to the variable condensers in a receiving set it has an extremely small capacity. The trouble is that e an extremely small variation in either capacity or inductance ot @ set can throw fine tuning out of adjustment. Each time the operator's hand takes hold or lets go of a knob in the process of tuning, the capacity of the set varies by a smail amount, because some of the body capacity 4s communicated to the set while Cause of Squeals Body capacity, or hand capacity,+the hand is in contact with it. Then you know too well what happens. A fine adjustment of the total capacity of a set can be obtained with modern vernier knobs for ro- tating the parts of the condensers, which supply practically all of the capacity of the circuit. In the Same way a fine adjustment of the total inductance is obtained by ro- tating the parts of the coils which supply nearly all of the inductance in the circuit, ‘Thus these two ele- ments in the set Itself can be very closely controlled. Body capacity while small-e@nough in itself, is quite beyond control. That is why, if it is allowed to act on the set at all, ft fs likely to upset tha whole apple cart. crystal tea room orchestra, Robert BE. Golden, director; 5:10, sport re sults and police reports; 5:15, organ recital, Mary E. Vogt. WHAS, Louisville, Ky., (Central, Carl Zoe WMC, Memphis, Tenn., (Centra 00) 8:80 p. m., clarsical . progre 4. F. Benner, 11, midnight fr WOAW, Omahu, (Central hia Grey; 6:26, dinnei’ May's Mandolin musicians; 9, com. munity Program, Binir; 10:30 | Martha Logan; 7-8 p. m., Ralph WN Wow! frolic,’ Frank Hodek, Jr., and|Hams and his Rainbo Garden or his Omaha nightingalos, chestra; Lancaste mith, bass; Mrs. WEDNESDAY Lancaster Smith, accompanist; Max WQJ, Chicago, Ill. (Central, 448),|ine Mordy, violinist; Lilah Cbd 11-12 m., “What is the Proper Pro-| Bell, render; 10-2, Ra Wiliams portion for Recreation and Educa-|and his Rainbo Skylarks; Sandy | tion.” Mrs, Wilbur E. Fribley; “The Scotch tenor; the Mejodians, Ferns and F re in the Eddie, Bennie; C'areno Schil “Pa ana; Rita MeFawn, so Law," Leona ‘ A Fuel for the E * Helen Har w nd, Ohio, (Eastern rington Downing; ‘‘An O!d Fashion: | 390) : o's Royal ed Feast in @ New Fashioned Way/’| Canadian orchestra; & concert pro |aram arranged by Cr Plain | Dealer Www, 517), 8 a I. Detroit, M 1 orchestra WHO, D floir 1 R ert F. H t iE instructions, Arthur