The Bismarck Tribune Newspaper, August 14, 1918, Page 3

af ye. 1” ne \ -iu_ whic \ ~ WEDNESDAY, AUG. 14, 1918. BISMARCK DAILY TRIBUNE ENTIRE-COST OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR'IS‘LESS THAN ONE DAYS’ ‘BILL OF PRESENT CONFLICT Washington, ‘Aug. 14—At a time when “Amerfcans are thinking in war terms “of billions of dollars ‘which must be raised by domestic loans-and taxation it is interesting ‘to examine the methods employed to finance the first Amefican war—the War of Inde- pendence. | ye - The total cost of the Revolution, not including the, expenditures. of the in- dividual states,*has been estimated at about $80,000,000 a good deal Jess than one day's cost of the préwent war,| The stim is trylly insignificant as ‘com-| —____—_—_ ure of the bills‘of credit ang the \pau- city of the revenue being secured through taxation, led congress to auth- orize/the borrowing of $5,000,000 at the-rate of four perscent. The lenders received indented certificates which "may rightfully be considered the fore- runners of the Liberty bonds. It was found necessary at a later period toy raise the interest-rate to six per-cent, but through four loans the amount trealized was only $8,787,000), In Sep-| tember 1777, the American envoys se-| cured the first loan froni France, and pared with the $24,000,000,000 which } that resulted in such a stimulation of will be, required’ to finance America’s share of the present_wor'd war during the coming year: = é = The thirteen colonies were certainly as unprepared to strike a decisive blow, tor“freedom ‘as any country pos- sibly. could be, and the peopla, handj- capped themselcves atjthe very outset, by denying to congress the ‘power of levying, and collecting taxes whith would have facilitated ‘the raising of war revenue. 3 The colonists could not bring them. selves tS the point of ‘giving what they conidered too much ‘power toa limited group. of men representing centralized government, and while: the congress could enact legislation for an army and navy- it coulddo no more than make suggestions to thé various states, regarding the ‘manner in whjch these fighting forceswe erto be méin- tained. Asa result, there was a great amount of governmental contusion, and while at least three systems of raising revenue were suggested, there was no definite plan as to the way these ‘methods were to be adjusted to -one another. Bills of Credit. Greatest reliance was placed at first upon the issue of bills of credit; some foreign loans were negotiated; domes- tic loans: were made &nd a nominal sum was realized through taxes levied by the states. The bills of credit, however, rested upon what proved to be on unsound basis... ‘Within a week after the battle of Bunker Hill, authority was given for an issue of $2,00,000 in credit hills, and the amount to-be redeemed be: tween 1779 and 1782 was carefully ap- portioned among the colonies. Other issues followed, the total issue being about $241,552,780, but at no time was that amount in circulation and, seldom was it acceptable at face value. In 1779 depreciation became very marked and from January to’May of that year, the value of the bills varied from . twWenty to one to thirty-eight and a half to one. y . The domestic loans were mofe suc: cessful> although, with. the exception of one small loan for the purchdse of gun powder in'June 1775; these were not -authorizezd until October 1776. nearly a year and:a halt-after the be- ginning of the revolution. The fail- MEN OF 31°70 46 PAGE JOB TESTS Draft Deferthents To Be ;Made _ “More Numerous é peat ae BY GEORGE B. NEWLAND. N. E. A. Staff Correspondent. Washington, D., Aug. 14.—The mah between the ages of 31 and 40 should ‘ask himself these questions about his job: Is it necessary to the maintenance or operation of ‘the military establish- ment. Is it vital to the maintenance of the ational interests? - : Your job soon will underg the acid ‘test ‘to determine whether you will \be called into, military service ‘by. the extension of the fighting ages pro- osed by the new man-power Dill. The amendment would give much Mroader powers to district bords in granting deferred classification on grounds. of being engaged in work necessary to the war. The law at present affects~‘persons engaged in in- dustries, including agriculture, etc. It amended, as planned, it will affect “persons engaged in OCCUPATIONS “ or EMPLOYMENTS, ‘etc.” Aman of selective service ag¢ may be entitleq to temporary exemption, outside of dependency, thoygh he is neither a farmer nor an industrial worker. His employmeht may be otherwise construéd as necessary to the maintenance of the national inte>- ests.” “Precedents will have to be set and the rulings of one district board will guide others® - Washington feels that some boaras . were over. strict. in deciding grounds} ‘of deferred classification after the first registratidn, and rev calls contemplated, Provost Marshal rowd- the domestic loans,’ that from. that time until’ the loan offices were closed, $7,684,000 in specie was subscribed. France to the Rescue. -The foreign loans obtained by the struggling colonies during their war ‘for independence are particularly. in- teresting at the present time when the United States is-making such tre- ‘iendous loans to the. various allied countries. Through Bénjamin Frank- |lin, Gouveneur Morris and others funds were obtained either in loans or sudsidies from the governments of France and Spain and from private bankers in“Holland. France granted subsidies of 2,000,000 livres in 1777 and 6,000,000 livres in 1781. In all, these sums which may be rggarded as gifts, amounted to $1,996,500. The United Sti borrowed from France bétween 177 7and 178% the to- tal sum of $6,352,500, while Holland loaned the struggling nation $1,304,000 and Spain furnished $174,117—a total of $7,830,517. Nor must it be forgot- ten that France spent at least $6,000,- 000 on the army which seh sent to the aid of the colonies. At the beginning of 1784—ten years after the declaration of independence’ —the indebtedness of the national government was $39,323,886. This was divided as follows: -Fortign, $7,931,- 8863. domestic loan’ ¢ertificates, $11 £35,000; wnliquidated certificates of in- de dtedness, $16;708,000; Arrears of in- terest on domestic debt, $3,109,000. ‘These, figures are trivial as compared to those representing the war\debt-of today, but this -indebtedness weighed far more heavily upon the people of that time than the trethendous expend- iture of the , present does upon the American public today. It was no’small'matter. for the col- onials -and their descendants to so shape the machinery of the govern- ment that results could ve obtained smootity ‘and ‘efficiently. There were many ups and downs, successes and failures, but the foundation laid in those trying times in the foundation upon, which the ‘American financial system rests at the present time, and it ig because of the solidity of that foundation that the ‘United Stdtes has betén enabled ‘to take such ‘an’ import- ant part'in the,world.struggle for de- mocracy. Tuesday, morning for New York. ‘He expects to see ‘active duty in France before long. Capt. Baker is slated for a majorship in the guartermaster’s 42> partment ‘in the near future, ayy w. 8. so 60,000 Government Employes ‘at Front London, Aug. 14—No “*-8s_one -dt- vision hag been denuded of more men for army service than the government departments. There are now -more than 60,000 employes fro, mthese de- partments ‘in ‘active service. ——auy w.'s. §: Japan Said to Plan Great War Stroke Mi Sat lun a (By. Newspaper Enterprise Ass'n.) London, Aug. 14.—"It the Japanese government,” says Reynolds’ Newspa- per, “adopts certain’ plans which are now before it, they’ will have as great an influence onthe future of the war as anything which has happened since ‘August, 1914.” ———auy Wy. 8. MINNEAPOLIS CLOSE. 2 dark Northern £20 1-2 to 231. 2'northern 218 1-2 to 227. 1.dark hard Mont arrive 223 1-2 2 hard Mont. ot 1-2 to 224. No. 1 amber durum 223 1 2to 232; arrive 223 1-2 to 226. No.1 durum 221 1-2 to 229; arrive 221 2 to 224. s 2 amber durunt 220 1-2 to 229. No. 2.durum 218 12 to 226. a, No. 3 amber Durum 216 1-2 to 226. } No. 8 durum 214 1-2 to 223. ' No. 3 yellow corn 175 to 180. No. 4 yellow corn 165 to 175. 5 yellow corn 155 to 165. No. 3 mixed corn 16 0to 170. _ Other grades corn 90 to 150. No. 3 white Mont. 67 3-8 to 68 3-8. Standard whites65 3-8 to 66 3-8. Standard white to arrive, ‘sqgme. _N white oats 64 7-8 to 63 7-8; ar- Tive 64 7-8 to 75 38. U. S. RUBBER PLANTS DEVOTE “_ENERGIES.TO MAKING ‘GAS MASKS American Product Superior to Anything Yet Devised and Is Rapidly Being ‘Improved ; How Gas‘ Masks Are Manufactured. 1 BY FREDERICK M. KERBY | |y N. E. A. Staff Correspondent. | Cleveland, O0.,, Aug. 14—Gas mask} protection for ‘American boys at the front is'the most complete and effi- cient in the allied armies, The-gas mask being turned out by our plants ig the finest so far devised, and offers practically complete protection against “UsS. GAS M ~~ %| preblem any gas the HUNS’ have so far ,in- vented, : It is the sixth type inthe evolution of the mask, bue ‘even -now experi. ments are being made that will still further improve it, hes have been permitted to watch the complete operation of manufacture, of our masks in one of the plants of the United States Rubber Company hére. A large percentage of all our rubber manufacturing industry has now been turned ‘into the production of parts foy masks. The breathing hose, tie mouthpiece, ‘the “flooder valve,” and the sockets for the eyepteces are all) made of rubber, and they must be per- fect. The slightest leak may. be. fatal. The highly perfected mask in its present/form has béen developed from a pocket handRerchief, The first real attempt at providing wholesale pfotec- tion was the use>of/ gauze bandage strips dipped in “hypo”—the chemical used for “fixing” photographic prints. a American Mask Excels. i Then, thé British devised a mask with a canister containing the chem- icals, a breathing arrangement con- nected by tube with the canister, and a pincer arrangecent to suose the noge. This was the first mask the United States troops used. which is the superior of anything so far cevised: It uses the same canister but the materials instead of being in layers are mixed; the nose is left/en- tirely- open, but the breathing. is accomplished through the moutlt. From the time the crude rubber comes Into the factory to the time when the completed parts are shipped t6 the big assembling pjant on Long Island, inspection is constant. The slightest defect results in rejection of ‘the part. ~ i The first order placed by our. war department was with the B. F. Good- jrich- company, at Akron, shortly after. war was declared. This order called |for 150,000 masks to be produced in tn days’ The manufacturers were fur- nished with a’sample British mask and told to do their best. This order was followed at once» by a second order for, 320,000 masks. Other orders fol- lowed. | Imnrove on Hose. The hose connecting the chemical canister with the breathing apparatus must have great flexibility; in addi- tion it must-he perfectly impervious, jam it must be reinforced om the out- ‘side with a stocking net to stand wear. Our manufacturers produced a concentric circles hose of great flex- ibility. : The “flooder valve’ was another worked out by our rubber manufacturers. It is a small, flat valve, made so (hat when the wearer ‘exhales, it permits the air to pass out, but when inhalation begins it doesn’t permit a particle of the gas-charged at-4 mosphere to enter the mask. —’ American women are doing much of the work of making gas. masks. The gas mask industry is an exam- ple of how peaceful manufacturing in- dustries ‘have been turned inte war -work plants and have produced a bet- ter product than- German ‘scientists ho had years to prepare their dia- bolical devices of warfare. HUY WES Se a LORD READIN SBEKS CLOSER _. COOPERATION London, Aug. 14—Lord Reading is | here, says the Daily News, for the} urpose of promoting gloser coopera- tion between the /Anglo-American forces involving an offensive and de- | fensive alliance. ——awy w. s,s. WIDENED IN. MINNESOTA \ hg St. Paul, Aug. 14—The Minnesota Public Safety commission added con- siderable terrftory to the Minnesota dry zone today when it, closed up si loons in Red Lake district and prohib-_ ited shipment of liquor or beer to that section of the state. This cen- ter has been considered as an oasis for surrounding dry territory in Min- uur army is now making a mask K This ‘mask, now being produced in ‘quantity in American factories, is the superior of anythting yet advised by any of the belligerent nations. of whiskey and 45 carloads of beer were #hipped {nto this district since the first of the year. Plumer, a town of 150 people, shipped in since the first of the year 2,728 gallons of whis- key, gin, brandy, wine and other.kinds of liquor. Records show that 100,118 gallons of beer were shipped to this point. “The saloons are ‘given ten days in which to adjust their business affairs and close their doors. The order will remain in effect until three months af ter the war. - BY We S$ §——— BIBLICAL PLAY AT , THE AUDITORIUM SOON “The Wanderer” is a magnificent production. Tt:is truly spectacular. It ‘cost $100.000 to produce it. It is well worth the money put into it. It has a splendid moral. It is a thousand ser- mons*packed into one rich and worthy dramatic emphasis. Every person jin Bismarck should see it. vhole- som: yengthening to one's faith and leaves a healthy and pleasant taste when the curtain falls on the last sad but ‘sweet scene of the return of th nrodigal. =a) ALLIES: ENCOUNTER- STUBBORN “RESISTANCE ABOUT. CHAULNES; ‘GAINS (Centinued From Page One.) reach Fismet. The last lap of their journey ran through a Ger- mdn barrage. _ . When they had Americans. The Britishers made from cawthorne berries. mented by horse meat. 1 It is a common practice, they said, for the Germans to beat ‘ risone ¢ Wounded prisoners were sent to “hospitals provided they could not walk. their prisoners with clubs and rifles. \ REPORTED ALONG OISE indentified themselves they ‘were fed by the said that the rations were three quarters of’a pound of potatoe bread, a pint of vegetable soup and “coffee” ries. They said, thi8 was the usual al- lowance ‘of a German soldier ‘éxcept in larger quantities supple- ~ PROGRESS SLOWER THAN ON MARNE. Paris, Aug. 14.—In compayison wlth the quick advance which marked ‘the first four days in the Picardy drive, the battle now seems stagnant, but nevertheless the French are approaching closer all the time to, the Chaulnes-Reye-Lassigny-Noyon line to which the Germans are clinging desperately. é It took the’ allies Marne to ‘the Vesle. .a fortnight to get the Germans from the The‘territory on the Amiens line'is much more difficult. The land .is ~wooded and it ‘is no easy task to clear it of the enemy. The enemy has laid out positions long ago and-are able'to defend them with picked troops of machine gunners. They have orders which they obey to the letter not to yield any position and to re- sist to death. Every inch of ground gained ‘requires determination and skill With the French the Germans concerning the depletion of their reserves ‘seems to} be disclosed in a document captured during the recent thrust. “The state of our for-<s : 8 reads the document, “oblige us to send back into the fighting forces all the men of the armed service.” fi AT" of a high order. GERMAN RESERVES LOW. (By Assotiated Press) 4 Army in France, Aug. 14.—The anxiety of ‘amen and the economic situation,” “ NO INFANTRY. FIGHTING] } ~ London, Aug.:14.—There was no infantry fighting during the night on the Gritish front of the Picardy line. The British artil- lery was active. British troops Lys, salient. 5 aN « have gained further ground in the tip of the TT aNOREANONGHAANNUOAEOnORNGoNOANONN . a rocers of State ‘ENTION| CANNON'SRETURN 14 YEAR TERM Washington, “Aug. 14.—Itithe votéts fof ‘the eighteenth Iltnois district ‘etect j"Uncle Joe” Cannon 'for a twetity-sec- ond, term ‘in congress ‘next November, he will ‘have equaled a record achiev. ed-only by one other in point of con- gressional service, Already the form- er speaker has out-served .all,other present. and former members ‘ot the house for long service ‘in that ‘body. The jate Wi! n Boyd Allison, form: er representative .and later, senator from Iowa, held a record in congress with forty-four years’ service in“ bath houses, Fe \ ‘ . Mr. Cannon's record -is for service in the house alone. One more term would complete a service of forty-four years. Were it not for an affair, in 1890, when ‘the democrats took con- trol of the house, following passage;of the McKinley iariff law, and another jincident of 1912, when progressives split the republican vote, Mr. Cannon’s- service would have been for twenty- four terms continuous, (48 years). AS it is‘’he began his service in 1873 ard has served since With the exception of the two terms mentioned. ‘Besides Mr. Cannon and the tate Senator Allison, Justin Morrill \of Vermont, late répresentative and sen- ator, is among the former members who saw long service in congress. Mr. Morrill served forty-ihree years con- tinuously as a ‘represcutative and later [ae senator. t Cannon's first term was in the forty-third congress. He was first elected in the fifty-eighth congress j and re-elected in the fifty-ninth, six- tieth and sixty-first sessions. CAPSULES: Each Cay sule bears the ime Say Positively No Old Cards Accepted After September ] , this state. Old cards must be replaced with new ones. simile of Customer’s Card No, 2, which supercedes No. 1. NEW FOOD CARD ISSUED Food Administrator Ladd has changed the style 7 gy Customer’s Card No. 2 Issued to .. Address Issued by Address } Dated FEDERAL FOOD ADMINISTRATION - of the food card for Here is a fac‘ coe 7 ‘ Sugar tut Date of purchase | Lbs. on hand | , Total = Supply permitted | \ .. {— UNUGEOUEEEECHASZOZ0bNNOEOUCUEOCUTEOVAEOEGEOEENOGROOERUAUAOGHONOORIOOGS I certify that thé within information is true and _ that [ have not bought nor hold in my possession wheat flour, sugar or other foods contrary to the rules of the Federal Administrator. \ , Signed...... *s ‘(Tope retained by dealer and mailed to Federal Food er estimates there will be more than a half million men older than 31 come under the headine of “other de- ferments,” which is exclusive of the classifications’ given agriculture ang industrial workers. BUY W. 8. Sp Esthronia Protests - =German Occupation (By-Newspaped Enterprise. Ass'n.) Sfockholm,7Aug. 14.—The four rep- resentatives of the Esthonian republic in Stockholm :have issued a protest against the German treatment of Esth- onia, alleging that in the Brest-Litovsk peace treaty Germany was. given auth. ority to occupy*Livonia and Esthonfa iwthout ‘regard to the wishes of. the people, and despite the fact that Es. thonia had declared her tudependence. BUY W. 5: 8. Lieut. Finley Baker Visiting His Parents - Lieutenant Finley Baker of the Sec- ond Infantry, known, as the Mother Administrator, Agricultural College, N. D., at the end of each month.) No. 4 white oats 61 78 to 64 7-8. sarley chaice 95 to 100. Ordinary 80 to 95. No. 2 rye 162 to 164. Arrive’ 159 to 160. ~Sept. rye 158 12. 2 Flax 436 to 439; arrive same- Sept. oats 65 3-8. %N y October oats 66 28 . iesota and the Dakotas. - show that 218 tons ITALIAN -AIR STAR LL \ The Federal Food Administration requires that each and every Grocer or Dealer of Flour and substitutes as well as Sugar, must have on hand and see that’edch customer signs the food card facsimilie of which ap- pears in this advertisement. ‘In order to cooperate ‘with the Food Administration The Tribune is supplying ‘the’ Grocers with these cards at the rate of $2.50 PER THOU- SAND in lots of ‘one thousand or more. : } It is especially requested that all Grocers or Dealers in the foods ‘mentioned place their orders for these cards-at once. Every customer must sign one of these cards and ‘there should be no excuse for the’ Grocer being without ‘thm. Under penalty of the federal food laws every Grocer must have the personal signature of the customer when foods mentioned on the card are purchased. ) MAIL IN YOUR ORDER TODAY. GIVE NUMBER OF CARDS NEEDED. ' ONE OR TWO THOUSAND OR MORE—BUT ORDER ENOUGH FOR FUTURU USE. When you want the one’ best drink for good taste and good health. ; “Bear” In Mind if Enjoy the good taste of hops, the foam and the sparkle. DULUTH CLOSE. Mats on track 63 to. 67 1-2. Barley on track new 75 to 89. Flax on track’and arrive 440 1-2. Sept. flax 440 1-2. October flax 436. Nov. flax/ 432 A. Dec flax 425 B. BUY W. 5. 5 ST, PAUL LIVESTOCK. ‘Hogs, receipts 4,300; 5c to 10c\low-' er; range $18.70 to 1890¢ bulk $18.80 to18.85. e : Cattle receipts 3,300; killers strong, steers $6.25 to 16.60; cows and heifers 197.00 to 12.00; calves $5.25 to 17.75; sunken and feedérs steady; $6.00 'to 12, 8 Sheep receipts 1.600;’steady; lambs $10.00 to 16.50; wethers $7.00 to 13.00; oenedsaasseuesitantnntuaeesscicssenrisae ensign | | Drink all you want—it’s non-in- toxicating. At grocers,’ at druggists,’ in fact at Attilio Baldiol of the American atmy and the oldest a ot 1 ; regiment in'the service, arrived in Bis-| ewes $5.00 to 12.00. i all places where good drinks are s$ld. F < x marck Monday from Camp. Freemont Attilio Baldigli is Italy’s favoriic ; LEMP } Z Cal., to visit with his parents for a CHICAGO LIVESTOCK~ air star.. In 1915 he made the record Manufact &: ti - ‘i > | few days before leaving for active ser-' Hogs, receipts 12,000; 10c to 20c low-jaltitude flight of 20,000 fect in 50 min- anufacturers oS ism arc YI ne . view A ; [ots Ent $19.25 to 19. packing | utes. He flew from Hampton, Va. to} ST.LOUIS; i d i 4 ‘ evi 7.78 85; iS .75; |} Washington, 14 3, i 7 « He was ‘stationed. ‘for several} $17.75 to 18.85; rough $1 to 17.75; } Washington, 140 miles, i none hour MISSOURI VALLEY . ey and thirteen/minutes, dnd back in one hou rand ten minutes. Later he flew|. frm Langley Field’ to Mineola, L. 1, 300 miles, in two. hours and fifteen minutes. These aye American Tecords. bullé of sales $18.15. to 19.00; pigs, good and choice $18.00 to 18.50. Catele receipts 13,000; steers’ slow; | Sheep receipts 14,000; native ‘lambs strong;' sheep steady. months at Hawaii and has made re- markable progress in the military ser- vice being among the youngest of commissioned Officers. His brother Capt. Frayne Baker left SUEDROEREVSOUEOQUASEDDAURESEALODANERERRSOAUEOERUAESS OON2ROREREGGUQCQUCUOOOOOOSBERALERRSOEE SOUDOLCOUDOOOOOOSOOOSEOOOEOOLOGCNTSROLOOEOQOOROSOECOCOOSOOGRSGQGRREDGGDEEESERROQOLOOSCOQR0SH RRTUCKOOCROGENEAQULERUNELUEONELGSESGIOA2O00320O0N20NES0 00 90009200000 0RUSUUDORDSURCUSEREOUDD! Pn se BISMARCK, N. D. 1M GROCERY CO. Distributors “MANDAN, NORTH DAKOTA. X i ee