The evening world. Newspaper, June 1, 1922, Page 26

gaara ; { | ' t ' | Ht | | | | ie cay f ki ESTABLIGHED BY JOSEPH PULITZER. | Dubiimed Dally Except Sunday by ‘The Pres Publishing Company, Nos. 82 to 63 Park Row. New York. RALPH PULITZER, President, 63 Park Row. a J, ANGUS SHAW, Treasurer, 63 Park Row. \ JOMEPH PULITZER, Secretary, 63 Park Rew. MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS, Associated Pres ts exclusively entitled to the ust for republication ews despatches credited to It or not otherwise credited in this paper iso the local news published bereia. ] A CRISIS PAST. $ OOD news at last from Europe. > The Reparation Commission, including the representative of France, has fully approved “the German reply to the Allied demands of March 21. current year, with the proviso that it may be “an- fulled at any moment if the commission at any later time is convinced that Germany has failed to fulfil the conditions prescribed.” The Inter- mational Bankers’ Committee is expected to begin at once the work of organizing a loan to Germany. May 31 is past. This means that one of the worst European fensions is relaxed. It means that if Germany keeps faith there can be no more talk for the Preserit of France invading the Ruhr. It means that The Hague Conference can meet relieved of one of the most serious of the disturbing uncer- tainties that hung over Genoa. ~ This is news to be welcomed in the United States by every American save those in whom Anti-entanglement doctrine masks a secret satis- faction at seeing Europe go from bad to worse instead of from bad to better. Germany is granted a moratorium for the _ Attorney General Daugherty has assigned forty rooms for the offices of war fraud in- vestigators. And how many for investigation of Daugherty? #inincianniinarmanenainnt FOR THREE REASONS. N THE present temper of the railroad workers, a strike against the pending wage cuts seems More than possible. . Under the circumstances such a strike would be highly unpopular. It would not have wide public support for at least three reasons: ~ First—Even the labor representatives admit that, based on the cost of living, the proposed ut leaves the workers in better condition than before the last increase. The labor representa- tives figure the advantage at about 15 per cent. The majority of the Labor Board gives a margin as high as 44 per cent. when wages and living ‘costs are compared. *~ Second—The cut does not come from the em- ployers but\ from the Labor Board set up as a sort of referee on wage and working conditions. The workers were glad to accept increases from this authority and public opinion will give the benefit of the doubt to the Labor Board when it proclaims that a cut is fair. Third—Jealousy and self-interest will turn Many against striking railroad workers. Most other industries have been “deflated” more than have the railroad employees. The whole country is interested in the freight wut. The wage decision and the rate decision came within a few days of each other and will be associated in the public mind as a single oper- ation, the benefit going to the public. The railroad men cannot afford to flout public opinion. If they think they are wronged, a cam- paign of information wouid serve better than a @rike. Acceptance of the ruling of the umpire— eyen though it is under protest—will win public support for future contests, = Ward politics may have something to do with ;the delay in the Ward case. ‘ DARK AGAIN IN IRELAND. AMON DE VALERA ‘sounds defiance with: “Mr. Churchill’s threats do not affect us.” And after Mr. De Valera has made this kind of statement, the fact remains that Mr. Churchill's threats do affect every Irishman, including Mr. De Valera. ; < To-day is dark and gloomy for Ireland. It is only possible to hope that wise counsels and mod- eration will prevail both in London and in Dublin. = Up to the hour of going to press Mayor Hylan ‘bad not reproached the Transit Commission on | Yaccount of the extra seats in subway trains. h RETRUSTIFIED. ECENTLY The Evening World commented on the prospect of new trusts in the steel and packing industries as one of the manifesta- tions of “normalcy.” Now comes the news of the “retrustification” of the tobacco business. =Ten years ago, after a period of trust prosecu- fon, the American Tobacco Company was dis- wlved by order of the Supreme Court. The President of the Tobacco Trust had been James B, Duke. A pardonable pun identified him as “the Duke of Tobacco” and it was announced that he had been deposed and sheared of his ducal overlordship. Now we witness the restora- tion. Aa With the reaction of+“normalcy” the “Duke” returns to his dukedom, apparently convinced that his rule is again secure The diplomatically worded announcements of the amalgamation of a large producing company and the principal distributing agency in the to- bacco business mention an anticipated increase in profits. It is also hoped that the merger will put an end to price-cutting Profits come out of the consumer. Price-cut- ting is usually an evidence of competition: How many will hail the restoration of the “Duke of Tobacco” in the Kingdom of Normaley? Will the United States have to go all over the work of curbing the trusts as the result of the 1920 decision in favor of the Old Guard? ON WITH THE. BID. HIE Senate Finance Committee voted yester- day to report favorably the McCumber Soldier Bonus Bill and rejected Senator Smoot's Substitute bonus measure This was a foregone conclusion. The Smoot bill provided only a twenty-year insurance plan with no loan features. The McCumber bill calls for twenty-year certificates upon which money ‘can be borrowed, with a cash bonus for veterans entitled to $50 or less. Obviously, the McCumber plan comes nearer to the purpose for which Congressmen are using the bonus—that purpose being to attract next fall as much of the soldier vote as may prove sus- _ ceptible to a money gift or the prontise of it. Nobody has the slightest idea, of course, what kind of a Bonus Bill will finally be passed. Democratic members of the Senate Finance Com- mittee who helped to report out the McCumber bill made it plain they were not in the least com- mitting themselves as to how they mighty treat it. As one of them pug it: “We voted to report it simply to get it on the Senate calendar and we reserved all our rights with respect to offering amendments or even substitute bills in the Senate.” Nor does anybody know what the President will do if Congress sends him a Bonus Bill which fails to meet his stated requirements as to pro- vision for raising the money. The whole bonus proposition remains what it has been from the first—a bid for votes that Congress means to make before the fall elections for whatever there may be in it. If it doesn’t go through or fails to come up to what soldiers who want it expected, the indi- vidual Congressman can explain how hard he tried and put the blame on somebody else. Nobody even knows whether a soldier bonus actually means enough votes to be worth all the trouble. But Congress is ready to give itself the benefit of the doubt—and send the bill to the country. Marriage license clerks are not expecting a June moratorium on applications. AIRPLANES DISTURB OPEN-AIR CEREMONIES. HE impressive) ceremonies at -the Lincoln Memorial were marred by the noise of a sight-seeing airplane that circled the neighbor- hood. The drone of the propellor drowned, for a time, the voice of the President. The crowd was rightly resentful. Similar disturbances by army and navy planes at Arlington last fall caused official orders to prevent a recurrence of the nuisance. But there is no air law to protect the public from such disturbance. Tuesday’s annoyance was flagrant and un- pardonable. It.points to the urgent need for the development of aerial regulation. Flying is a commendable sport or business in its place, but that place is not over crowds and at ceremonies. The dangér from accidents has been demon- strated all too often. The annoyance from the noise of the machines warrants rigid restriction. ACHES AND PAINS. The Rockefeller Foundation, born of gasoline, has done wonders in the way of developing means for ex tinguishing yellow fever, hook-worm disease, malaria and the like, the world over, Now if it could turn to homeopathy and do something to stop automobile kill- ings real progress would be present. As it ts the books, perhaps, no more than balance. . It is said that one ton of opium will supply all of the drug needed for medicine in the United States and two tons more care for the rest of the world, The re mainder of the 1,600 tons produced in India goes for hop. ® ° Dr. W. T. Hornaday says the best candy in the world is made in Arizona out of the pulp of the darret cactus, It costs 60 cents a pound at Tucson and you can eat all you can afford to buy without its cloying. . Architecturally Washington has become the modern Athens. The Greek column dominates. On the intel lectual side Boston may be said to be slipping. . EB. W. Howe warmly defends William J. Bryan as an Evangelist. Why not make him Bishop of the Breezes . Now they are calling on President Harding to “save the Republican Party. He “saved” it once from the Democrats. The new plea is to “save” it from itself, . Did you notice any less squeeze on the subway? Yes- terday was the gladsome day when Mr. Hedley prom- ised to let out the pleate! JOHN KEETZ. MUSICAL CLASSICS How and Why They Were Written By AUGUSTUS PERRY Copyrteht, 1922, (New York Evening World) by Press Publishing Go, VERDI'S “MANZONI REQUIEM,” The idea of getting many prominent composers to collaborate in writing @ composition has been tried many times, Here is one instance: Wishing to aid the many homeless Italian patriots In Paris (1837), a cer- tain Princess enlisted the services of six of the most famous pianists then before the public, and asked them to write a composition jointly. A duet from Bellini's opera, ‘The Puritans,” was chosen as a theme. A variation on the theme was written by each com- poser. The men who took part im this unusual work were Liszt, Thal- berg, Pixis, Herz, Czerny and Chopin; certainly an imposing and distinguish- ed group. Liszt produced the intro- duction and finale, The unique com- position was placed on the market and the proceeds given to the refugees, When Rossini, the composer of “Willlam (Tell'" and “The Barber of Seville,’’ died in 1868. Verd! conceived the idea of a requiem in his memory to be written by many hands, This requiem was to be performed only 'm the cathedral of Bologna, and only on each centenary of Rossini’s death. At no other place or time was it to be given. The work was divided into thirteen parts, and assigned to the foremost composers of Italy. rd himself took the last part, the “Lib- era me.’ When the music was com- ‘| pleted and put together, !t was found to be so incoherent and lacking in un= ity of form that the work was dis- carded. M. Mazzucato, of Milan, who examined the Requiem, was very much impressed with Verdi'ss**Libera, me. He suggested to the composer that he write the whole mass. At this time, 1873, Alessandro Man- zoni, the founder of the romantic school in Italian literature, died. He and Verdi had been close friends, so the musician wrote the requiem in honor of the famous Italian patriot From Evening World Readers What kind of letter do you find most readable? Isn't it the one that gives the worth of a thousand words in a couple of hundred? There is fine mental exercise and a lot of satisfaction in trying to eay much in few words. Take time to be brief. “Inform: To the Editor of The Evening World: It is unfortunate that so many of those who write letters to The Eve- ning Worfd attacking Prohibition aro either uninformed or misinformed, especially when they declare that the people have never voted upon the question of Prohibition. In twenty- eight States there have \been State- wide referendums upon Prohibition in which the majority have voted dry. In the remainder of the States each county and township has had the right to vote under local option upon Prohibition, The Eighteenth Amend- ment was not submitted to Congress until over 90 per cent. of the terri- tory of the United States, containing over three-fourths of the population, had been voted dry and the saloon been abolished as a direct expression of the will of the people through State-wide referendums ana local op- tion voting. And it is interesting to notice that in nearly every case where the question was put to a vote it was due to the work of the Anti-Saloon League. The wets always fought a popular yote on the question and en- deavored to prevent referendums until! after Prohibition became a law. Now they endeavor to assume popular and democratic pose. Mr. Graham asks why so many pol- {ticlans in Congress, themselves drinkers, voted for Prohibition, against their own beliefs. Politicians gener- ally make it their business to find out which is the popular side of any ques- tion. When Prohibition was before Congress, the dry sentiment in the country, especially in the West, was 80) strong that these politicians, although they personally might oppose Prohi- bition, did not dare defy the will of the majority and so were forced to translate the will of their constituents into law. ‘This fact, far from being an argument against Prohibition, as some of the wets seem to think, in truth merely illustrates the over- whelming popular sentiment in favor of Prohibition. ARTHUR BARNHART. Princeton, N. J., May 29, 1922. The Three “Ps.” To the Editor of The Evening World: The World War has unfortunately been responsible for substituting the three Ps for the three Rs. Instead of reading, ‘riting and ‘rithmetic we now have Prohibition, profiteering and propaganda. Prohibition ds surely the worst of the three Ps because it has profiteer- ing and propaganda as partners in the firm of Prohibition & Co. This insidious dty law operates against all sense of justice, inasmuch as {t gives an advantage to those who can afford to pay for almost anything. It certainly has an admirable side partner in Mr, Profiteering, and no one knows how many persons have profited through his assistance. His filthy fingers have been stretched 60 far that they have probably reached people, places and positions which were never reached before. Why should the community at large be deprived of something which it wants, either by law or by a pro- hibitive price being charged for it? There is no honest reason why a wealthy man should be compelled to pay more for an article than it is worth nor why the poor one should be denied it on account of its cost. These fundamental facts do not only apply to the obtainment of a pleas- urable drink, but also to everything else, especially those things which were previously within the limited range of the poor man's pocketbook. Such greed and rascality should be stopped at once, and no matter what the results of Prohibition and profit- eering may be, it is about time that a sense of duty and honesty toward our fellowmen is again recognized as the guiding principle of good and honorabie men. Lastly, the pernicious propaganda of the Prohibitionists 1s apt to have 4 baneful influence on the country and its citizens because it shows them a wilful way to lie in order to obtain a desired result. JOHN LYNCH. Brooklyn, May 28, 1922. Good Old Pitt, ‘To the Editor of The Evening World: Good old Pitt, in Western Penn, Much maligned by thoughtless men; City of smoke and golden fire, Of wonderful views that never tire; Where the Monongahela, busy stream, Meets the Allegheny in’ beauty, su- preme To start the Ohio on its long winding way To the distant Mississippi, thousand miles away, City of iron and city of steel, The hope of the Nation when war makes appeal; Whose storied past and gloried fame Since the days when France called her Fort Duquesne Is known to all who must admire This city of smoke and golden fire, Pittsburgh, the mighty, ‘mong rivers and hills, Whose pillars of fire cause awe in- spired thrills; In industry greatest of the great, ‘The pride of a Nation and of old Penn State. HENRY ENGELKEN. Pittsburgh, May 29, 1922, <—___- WHOSE BIRTHDAY? JUNE 1—BRIGHAM YOUNG was born at Whitingham, Vt., on the Ist of June, 1801, and died at Salt} chosen President and prophet of the 1877 He received a common schooling and Res aerated from Nauvoo, Ill., he led oultivated.studious habits for self im-|them across the Rocky Mountains to provement. In 1881 he was converted| the Great Salt Lake, where he found to Mormonism and became an inti-Jed Salt Lake City in 1847. of Joseph Smith.'Utah became a@ territory, Lake City, Utah, August 29, associate UNCOMMON SENSE By John Blake 1922, by John Bi (Copyright, FEATHERED MIRACLES. \ After hundreds, perhaps thousands, of miles of travel the migratory birds are back again. , They have come to the wood or parks where they were born and where, year after year, they and their ancestors have dwelt and raised their young. How they found their way over hills and forests straight to the spot they left last autumn is something that our wisest scientists have never been able to answer us. Why the oriole always builds his nest of grass and bits of string and suspends it swinging from a bough, while the robin fashions his of mud-and grass and plumps it in a crotch of a tree, is another matter which is beyond our worldly wisdom. So is bird song, which gives the same notes to each suc- ceeding generation of each family of birds, which teaches the little robin to sing as the robins sang thousands of years ago. There are wise men who tell us that the world just grew, without any directing hand, without any power to fashion it. But we who study this yearly miracle of the birds can- not believe them. We can accept as gospel all that the evolutionists teach us; we can understand how time has changed species, and how animal life has risen from the lowliest animals to those glorious creatures that sing a morning song for us, But how they are guided across seas and rivers and wide woodlands, without compass, without taking note of the landscape even, is beyond our finite comprehension, For the last three weeks homing pigeon clubs have been sending their racing birds to the South, closely confined in cages in express cars. Liberated, they circle a few times and then sweep off in the exact direction of home—at, sixty miles or more an hour. With a glass their owners can see them coming long before the pigeons can see the trees or buildings that mark their birthplaces. Down they fly, closer and closer to the earth, till at last, half spent with the fatigue of day and night flight, they alight on the perches which await them. Evolution may have formed those powerful’ flying muscles and sharpened the beady eyes, but evolution does not show them the way through the darkness—a way which man with his far more highly trained mind could never discover. It was Bryant who said that the groves were God's first temples. There man feels religion, and there, if he’ comes in the spring, the birds, who were God's first teachers, will inspire in him a faith in a power far above and beyond him, and beyond even the evolution which has through the ages done its will. ‘ —_— tory was accepted as a new State. He urged polygamy and |s said to have had twenty-five wives and fitty- six children, His energy and thrift are not only exemplified by his large personal and religious following but by the cities and institutions that When the Mormons were forc- When Young the death of Smith, Young was served as Govermor until the terri-grew out of his persistent efforts, ct and poet. of “I Promesai Sy known books. the and twenty voices and an_ orch Manzoni was the author and other well- n this music ‘was finished it was given its fl formance at Milan on May anniversary of Manzoni's death. There was a chorus of one hundred z of one hundred and ten pleces. following month it was given Paris, with Verdi conducting. the Polo Grounds the “Requiem™ has been given eral magnificent, renderings. Verdi's “Manzoni Requiem" is not in the conventional form of the old masters. It is from the composer's last period, and tirerefore departs much from the old style. ‘This work, although it has had the approval of the Pope, is not so much a mass as a dramatic elegy in memory of a be- loved friend. Von Buelow said that the “Manzoni Requiem" is an opera in ecclesiastical style. The most beantiful number in it is the “Agnus Dei” (The Lamb of God), The most dramatic is the concluding portion, “Libera me. in At n New York City sev- | Romances | ot Industry By Winihrop Biddle. Copyright, 1922, (New York Evening] World) by Press Publishing Co. XXIL—HOW THE ORANGE CAME TO AMERICA. The travels of the orange on its way to Californ’a are as varied and as distant as the migration of the na- tions. The orange is not an Ameri- can fruit. It probably originated in South China, and from there wan- dered into India. We know it by its Sanscrit name (Narungee, which the Spantards corrupted into Naranja, and the Provencals further corrupted into Orange). Its first appearance in Europe was due to Vasco da Gama and his al sociates, who made the first voyages to India. The Arabs, who were in- strumental in spreading the luscious fruit over the Levant and a large ex- tent of the southern shores of the Mediterranean, called it Bortukan, their word for Portugal. - The Azores were soon planted with beautiful groves) of oranges, which gave the islands the tradition of being the Garden of the Hesperides, The China apple was first brought to America by the Spandiards, who at the time of the great rush for the riches of Mexico and Pern were eul- tivating the orange in their country. It was the same gentlemen who started the orange groves of California and Mexico, which now constitute so material a part of the wealth of those States. In Florida and parts of South America the orange flourishes wild, but when wild it ts frequently either bitter (Seville or Bigarade orange) or sour. In 1899, due to a severe freene, the orange crop of Califorgia, Florida, Louisiana and Texas dropped to 6,- 171,259 boxes, or half as much as in the preceding decade. The thirteenth census showed a rapid recovery and expansion of the indust In 1914 California sent out 16,489,791 boxes and Florida 7,500,000 boxes, 7 The value of the crop is now about $25,000,000 a year, with California producing three-quarters of the total crop. One of the characteristics of the orange is that it bears fruit for many years. In the monastery of Santa Sabina, in Rome, there !s a tree of the bitter: variety—not the sweet orange or China apple—that is supposed to have been planted by St. Dominic in 1200 It still functions, but its antiquit; not a matter of. certainty. There are as many varieties of oranges, almost, as there are kinds of people on earth. And none of t are really bad, but some are than others, r ,