The evening world. Newspaper, October 30, 1920, Page 8

THE EVENING WORLD, SATURDAY, OGTOBER 80, 1980. : : . it YS + ‘ F f ia 7 - } y i For the Intelligent Citizen and Voter Who Prefers to Study so Momentous en Issue at First Hand T HE EVENING WORLD Herewith Presents for the Second Time the Complete COVENANT: OF THE LEAGUE OF NATICNS THE COVENANT OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS: The High Contracting Parties, in order to promote International fo-operation and to achieve international peace and security: by the acceptance of obligations oot to resort to war; by the prescription of open, just and honourable relations between nations; by the firm estab- lishment of the understandings of international law as the actual rule of conduct among Governweuis, and by the maintenance of justice and a scrupulous respect for all treaty obligations in the dealings of organized peoples with one another, agree to this Covenant of the League of Navona. ARTICLE 1, ‘The original Members of the League of Nations shall be those of the Signatories which are named in the Annex to thia Covenant and also such of those other States named in the Annex as shall accede without reservation to this Covenant. Such acceasion shall be effected by @ Declaration deposited with the Secretariat within two months of the coming into foree of the Covenaut. Notice thereof shall be sent to all other Members of the Leagu Any fully self-governing State, Colony not named ia the Annex may become a Member of the League if its admission is agreed to by two-thirds of the A» sembly, provided that {it elall give efiective guaraniees of its sine cere lotention to observe its international obligations, and shall accept such regulations may be prescribed by the League In re- gard to its miliary, navel and air forcos and armaments, Any Mem. ber of the Leacue may, after two years’ notice of its Intention so to do, withdraw from the Leave, provided that all ite International ob- ligations and al) its obligations under this Covenant shall have been fulfilled at the time of its withdrawal, ARTICLE 2. The action of the Learue under this Covenant shall ba effected through the instrumentality of an Assembly and of a Council, with permanent Secretariat. ARTICLE 3. The Assembly shall consist of iepresentatives of the Members of the League. The Assem)ly shall meet ot stated Interv: d from me to time as occasion may require at the Seat of the League or at such other place as may be decided upon, The Assembly may deal at its meetings with any matier within the sphere of action of the League or affecting the peace of the world. At meetings of the Assembly cach Member of the League ehall have one vote, and may have not more than three Representatives, ARTICLE 4 The Council shal! consist of Representatives of the Principal Allied and Associaied Powers, together with Representatives of four other Members of the League, These fcur Members of the Learue shall be selected by (he A-cembly from time t6 time in its dis cretion. Until the appointment of the Representatives of the four Members of the League first selected by the Assembly, Representa- tives of Belgium, Brasil, Spain auld Greece shall be members of the Council. With the approval of the majority of the Assembly, the Council may name additional Members of the League whose Repre- sentatives shall always be members of the Council; the Counci) with like approval may increase the number of Members of the League to be selected by the Assembly for representation on the Council. The Covncil shall meet from time to time as ocoation may require, and at least once a year, at the Seat of the League, or at such other place as decided upon. The Council may dea) at its meetings with any m within the sphere of action of the League or affecting the peace of the world. Any Member of the League not represented on the Connell shall be invited to rend a Representative to sit as a Mem- ber at any meeting of the Council during the consideration of matters specially affecting the Interests of that Member of the League. At meetings of the Council each Member of the League represented on the Council shall have one vote, and may have pot more than one Representative, ARTICLE 8. Except where otherwise express!y provided In this Covenant or by the terms of the prevent Treaty, decisions wt any meeting of the Assembly or of the Council shall require the agreement of all the Members of the League represented at the meeting, All matters of procedure at meetings of the Assembly or of the Council, including the appointment of Committees to Investigate parUcular matters, shall be regulated by the Assembly or by the Council and may be decided by @ majority of the Members of the League represented at the mecting, ‘The first meeting of the Assemb!y and the first mooting of the Council shall be summoned by the Prosident of the United States of America. ARTICLE 6, The permanent Secretariat shall be established at the Seat of the League. The Secretariat shall comprise a Secretary General and auch secretaries and staff as may be required, The frat Secretary General shall be the person named in the Annex; thereafter the Secretary Gi eral shall b pointed by the Council with the approval of the ma- jority of the Assembly, The secretaries and staff of the Secretariat shall be appointed by the Secretary General with the approval of the Council. The Secretary General shall act tn that capacity at all mestings of the Assembly and of the Council, The. expenses of the Secretariat phall be borne by the Members of the League In accordance with the apportionment of the expenses of the Iater- national Bureau of the Universal Postal Union, , ARTICLE 7. The Seat of the League ts established at Geneva, The Council may at any time decide thet the Seat o; the League shall be estab- Mebed elsewhere. All positions under or in connection with the Lezgie, Including the Secretariat, shall be open equally to men and women. Representatives of the Members of the League and officials of the League when engaged on the business of the League shall enjoy diplomatic priqloros and Immunitios, The butldings and other property occupied by the Learue or Its off 8 or by liepre- Bentatives attending its meetings shall be inviolable, » ARTICLE 8, The Members of the League recornise that the maintenance of peace requires the reduction of national armaments to the lowest Point consistent with no y aud the enforcement by com: mon actiun of Internat’ gations, The Council, taking account of the geographical situation end clroumstances of cach State, shall formulate plans for such ttion for the consideration and action of the several Governmen us shall be subject to reconsidera- tion and revision at least evr ten years, After these plans shall have been adopted by the soveral Governments, the limita of arma. ments therein fixed ehal) not be execeded without the concurrence of the Council, The Members of the Learue agree that the manufacture by private enterprise of munitions and Lmplenents of war is open to grave objections, The Council shall advise how the evil effects tendent upon such manufaciure be prevented, due regard being had Lo the necoasitios of those Members of the Les gue which are not able to manufacture the munitions and tmplements of war necessary for thelr safety. The bers of the League undertake to inter- ehange full and frank information as to the seale of thelr arma- ments, their military, naval and air programmes and the condition of such of their jndustries as are adaptable to war-like purposes, \ ARTICLE 9, A permanent Commission shall be constituted to advise the Coun- ef] on the execution of the provisions of Articies 1 and 8 aud on mill. tary, naval and air questions generally, ARTICLE 10, ‘The Members of the League undertrke to respect and preserve as agains, external aggression Lie territorial integrity and existing polit. ical independence of al! Members of the Lvagus. In case of any such A AAAAARARRAR BARRY RAR ADDDS Embodied in the Peace Treaty Signed at Versailles, June 28, 1919 aggression or tn cane of any threat or danger of such aggression the Counci! shail advise upon the means by which this obligation shall be fuiflied. ARTICLE 11, Any war or threat of war, whether immediately affecting any of the Members of the League or not, ia heveoy declared @ matter of concero ww the whole Leaguc, and the League shail take any action that may be degined wwe ang effectual to saleguard the peace of nations. Iu case any such emeigency should al the Beor Gendrai shall on request of any Member of the League forthwil Suiuigon @ weetlng of the Council, It ts aiso deciared to be the friendly right of each Member of the League to bring to the attention of the Asseubly or of the Couucil any circumstance whatever aifecting international relations which threaten to die turb futertational peace or thy good understanding between mations Upon Which peace depends, ' ARTICLE 12, The Members of the League agree that if there should arise between them any dispute Likely to lead to a rupture they will submit the mater eduer to arbitration or to inquiry by the Council, ood Lucy agree in no case W resort to war until three monthe after the awaid by the arvitraiors or the report by the Council, Im any case under (his Artic the award of We arbitrators shall be made within @ reasonavie Lime, and the report of the Council eball be made Within six mouths after the submission of the dispute, ARTICLE 13, The Members of the League agree that whenever any dispute shall arise between them which they recognise to be suitable for sub+ Missiva to arbiiradion and which cannot be satisfactorily settied by diplomacy, they will sulauit the whole subject-matter to arbitration. Dieputes as to the interpretation of a eaty, as to any question of internatioual law, os to Loe existence of any fact which if estabiimned wouid constitute a breach of auy internativnal obiigation, or as to the extent and nature of the reparation to be made fur any such breach, &re deviased to be among tiose which are geacrally suitable for sub- mission to arbitrauon, For the consideration of any such dispute the court of arbitration to which the case is referred shail be the Court agreed on by the parties to the dispute or stipulated jn auy convention existing between them, The Mewbers of tho Lecgue agree that they will carry out in fuli good faith any award that may be rendered, and that tlicy will not resort to war against a Member ol the League which complies \berewith, In the event of any {allure to carry out such an award the Council shall propose what steps should be taken to give ellect thereto, ARTICLE 14, The Council shall formulate aud submit to the Members of the League for adupuvon plans for the establishment of a Permanent Court of Internauonal Justice, The Court shall be competent to hear and determine any dispute of an international character which the Parties thereto submit to it The Court may also give an adviso: opinion upon any dispute or question referred to it by the Cound or by the Assembly, ARTICLE 15, If there should arise between Mombors of the League any dis pute likeiy to lead to @ rupture, Which is not submitted to arbitra tion in accordance with Article 13, (he Members of the Loague agree that they will submit the matter to the Council, Any party to the dispuie may efiect such submussion by giving notice of the existence of the dispute to the Secretary General, who will make all necessary arrangements for @ (Cuil tavestigatiun and ceasideration thereof. For this puipose the parties to Lie dispute will communicate to the Secretary General, as promptly as possible, statements of thelr case with ai! Lue revevant facts aud papers, und ihe Council may forthwith direct the publication thereof, Tbe Council shall eudcavor to effect a settlement of the dispuce, and if such efiorts are successful a state ment shall be made public g.ving such facts and explanauions regard- ing the dispute and the terims of settlement thereof aa the Council may decm appropiate, If the dispute ts not thus settled, the Council @ither unanimously or by a majority shall make and publish a report containing a statement of the facts of the dispute and the recommendativns which are deemed just and proper In regard thereia, Any Member of the League represented on the Council may make public @ statement of the facts of the dispute and of its conclusions regarding the same. If a report by the Council is unanimously agreed to Ly the members the:cof other than the Representatives of one or moré of the parties to the dispute, the Members of the League agree that they will not go to war with any party to the dispute which com- plies with the recommendations of the report. If the Council fails te reach a report which ts unanimously agreed to by the members thereof, other than the Kepresentatives of one or more of the parties to the dispute, the Members of the League reserve to thomselves the right to take such action as they shall consider necessary for the maia- tenance of right and Justice, If the dispute between the parties is claimed by one of them, and Is found by the Council, to arise out of @ nutter which by intermational law is soleiy within the domestic jurisdiction of that party, the Council shall 60 repert, and shall make no recommendation as to Its settlement, The Council may in any case under this Article refer the dispate to the Assembly, The dispute shall be so referred at the request of either party to the dis pul, provided that such recuest be made within fourteen days after the submission of the dispute to the Council. Im any case referred to the Assembly, all the provisione of this Article and of Article 13 re Jating to the action and powers of the Council shall apply to the action and powers of the Assembly, provided that @ report made by the As sembly, 1f concugred in by the Representatives of those Members of the League represented on the Council and of a majority of the other Members of the League, exclusive in each case of the Representatives of the parties to the dispute, shall have the same force ast report by the Council concurred in by all the members thereof other than the Representatives of one or more of the parties to the dispute, ARTICLE 16. Should any Member of the Loague resort to war in disregard of ite covenants under Artictos 12, 13 or 15, It ehall {ps0 facio be deemed to have committed an act of war agalast all other Members of the League, which hereby undertako immediately to subject it to the severance of all trade or financial relations, the prohibition of all intevcourse between thelr nationals and the nationals of the covenant-breaking State and the prevention of all fnancial, com- mercial or personal interoourse between the nationals of the covenant- broak'ng State and tho 8 of any other Btate, whether a me! ber of the League or not, 1 be the duty of the Couxne!l tn such case to reconunend to the several Governments concerned what ctive military, naval or alr force the Members of the League shall Ny contrihute to the armed forces to be used to protect the covenants of the League. The Members of the Loague agree, further, that they wl mutually support one another tn the financial ani ecoromle measures which are taken under this Article, In order to minimise the loss and inconventence’ resulting from the above Tessures, and that they will mutually support one anothor in resisting any special measures almed at one of the!r number by the covenant: breaking @, and shat they will take the necessary steps to afford pasenge through thelr territory to the forces of any of the Members of the League which are co-operating to protect the covenants of t! League, Any Momber of the Leegue which hes violated any covena’ may be declared to be no longer a Member of the Laoag by a vote of the Counc!) concurred in by Representatives of all the other Members of tho League represented thereon. ARTICLE 17, In the event of a dispute between a Member of the Learue and @ State which Is not a Member of the League, or betwoen States not Members of the League, the State vr Statea not Members of the League shall be Invited to accept the obligations of membership in the League for the purpose of such dispute, upon such conditions as the Council may deem just, If such invitation ts accepted, the pro- visions of Articles 12 to 16 Inclusive, shall be applied with such mod- ifcations as may bé deamed necessary by the Council, Upon such ine Vitation being given the Council shall tmmediately institute an Inquiry into the circumstances of the dispute aud recommend such action as may seem best and most effectual in the circumstmnces, If a State #0 invited shall refuse to accept the obligations of membership ia the League ior the purposes of such dispute. and shall resort to war against o mber of the League, (he provisions ‘of Article 16 shall be applicable as against the State taking such action. If both par- ties to the dispute when eo Invited refuse to accept the obligations of member: in the Leacue for the purposes of such dispute, the Council may take such measures and make stich recommendations as will prevent hostilities and will result in the settlement of the dispute, ARTICLE 18, Every treaty or international engagement entered into hereafter by any Member of the League shall be forthwith registered with the Secretariat and shall as soon as possivle be published by It. No such Bode d or international engagement shali be binding until so regia ARTICLE 19. The Assembly may from time to time advise the reconsideration by Members of the League of treaties which have become inapplicable and the consideration of international conditions whose continuance might endanger the peace of the world. ARTICLE 20, The Members of the League severally agree that this Covenant is accepted as abrogating all obiigations or understandings inter se which are {nconsistent with the terms thereof, and solemnly un- dertake that they will not hereafter enter into any engagements in- conaistent with the terms thereof. In case any Member of the League shall, before becoming a Member of the League, have undertaken any obligations inconsistent with the terms of this Covenant, it shall be the duty of such Member to take immediate steps to procure ite re lease from such obligations. ARTICLE 21. Nothing in this Coverant lk be deemed to affect the validity of International engagemeits, such as treaties’ of arbitration or re sional understandings like the Monroe Doctrine, for securing the maintenance of peace. ARTICLE 22. To those colonies and territories which as a consequence of the jate war bave ceased to be under the sovereignty of the States which formerly governed them and which are inhabited by peoples not yet able to stand by theinselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world, there should be applied the principle that the well- being and development of such peoples form a sacred trust of “elviligation and that securities for the performance of this trust should be embodied in this Covenant. The best method of giving prac- teal effect to this principle ts that the tutelage of such peoples should be entrusted to advanced nations who by reason of their resources, their experience or their geographical position can best undertake this responsibility, and who are willing to accept it, and that this tutelage should be exercised by them as Mandatories on bebalt of the League. The character of the mandate must differ according to the stage of the development of the people, the geographical situation of the territory, \ts economic conditions and other similar circumstances, Certain communities formerly belonging to the Turk- ish Empire have reached a stage of development where th as Independent nations can be provisionally recognised rendering of administrative advice and assistance by a Mandatory until such time as they are able to stand alone. The wishes of these communities must be a principal consideration in the selection of the Mandatory. Other peoples, especially those of Central Africa, are at such a that the Mandatory must be responsible for the administration of the territory under conditions which will guarantee freedom of conscience and religion, subject only to the maintenance of public order and morals, the prohibition of abuses such as the slave trade, the arms traffic, and the liquor trafic, and the prevention of the establishment of fortifications or military and naval bases and of military trafoing of the native for other than police purposes and the defence of territory, and will also secure equal opportunities for the trade and commerce of other Members of the League, Ther territories, such ax South-West Africa and certain of the South Pacific Islands, which, owing to the sparseness of thelr population, or their small size, or their remoteness from the centres of civilisation, or their geographical contiguity to the territory of the Mandatory, and other circumstances, cau be best administered under the laws of the Mandatory as integral portions of its territory, subject to the safe- guards above mentioned in the interests of the indigenous population. In every case of mandate, the Mandatory shall render to the Council an annual report in reference to the territory committed to its cherge. The degree of authority, control, or administration to be exercised by the Mandatory shall, if not previously agreed upon by the Members of the League, be explicitly defined In exch case by the Council. A per- manent Commission shall be constituted to receive and examine the annual reports of the Mandatories and to advise the Council on al} matters relating to the observance of the mandates, RTICLE 23. Subject to and 7 accordance with the provisions of international conventions existing or hereafter to be agreed upon, the Membera of the League: (a) will endeavor to secure and maintain fair a humane conditions of labour, for men, women and children, both in their own countries and in all countries to which their commercial and industrial relationa extend, and for that purpose will establish and maintain the necessary international organiaations; (b) under take to secure just treatinent of the native inhabitants of territories under their control; (c) will entrust the League with the general supervision over the execution of ag:rements with regard to the traMe in women and children, and the traffic in opium and other dangerous drugs; (d) will entrust the League with the general supervision of the trade {n arms and ammunition with the countries In which the control of this traffjc is necessary In the common Interest; (¢) will make pro- vision to secure and maintain frecdom of communications and of tranalt and equitable treatment for the commerce of all Members of the League. In this connection the special necessities of the regions devastated during the war of 1914-1918 shall be borve in mind; (f) will endeavor to take steps In matters of international concera for the prevention and contro! of disease, ARTICLE 24." There shall be placed under the direction of the League all internationa) bureaux already established by general treaties if the parties to such treaties consent, All such international bureaux and all commissiona for the regulation of matters of international int hereafier constituted shail be placed under the direction of the League, In all matters of international interest which are regulated by general conventions but which are not placed under the contro} of Internationa! bureaux or commirsions, the Secretariat of the League pha!l, subject to the consent of the Council and if deslred by the par- tles, collect and distribute all relevant information and shall render any other assistance which may be necessary or desirable, The Council may include as part of the expenses of the Secretariat the expenses of any bureau or commiesion which is placed under the irection of the League. ‘ SANS" ARTICLE 25. The Members of the League agree to encourage and promote the establishment and co-operation of duly authorised voluntary national Red Cross organisations having as purposes the |mprove: t of health, the prevention of disease and the mitigation of suf ing throughout the world ARTICLE 26, Amendments to this Covenant will take effect when ratified by the Members of the Lengue whose Representatives compose the Council and by a majority of the Members of the League whose Representatives compose the Assembly, No such amendment wha!l bind any Member of the Lgarue which signifies its dissent there from, but in that case it shail cease to be a Member of the League, The Evening World was the first newspaper in New York to print the full Covenant of the League of Nationsin the present campaign. The Evening World gave its readers the complete text in all editions of Saturday, Sept. 18, 1920, It reprints the Covenant again to-day in the belief that there is no stronger final LIMON eOaaL argument for the supreme issue on which the country will vote next Tuesday.