The Seattle Star Newspaper, December 3, 1901, Page 3

Phu abe done the islands than to Inv ace Industrial enterprive, Noth- h have to de withdrawn because tants ow th weives UN ‘exercige it; such instances hav wedy occurred. In other word Rot the slightest chance of fing to show a sufficlendy bu- a spirit. The danger comes pur faiiine peenappeeite Girection. ‘Troubles Still Ahead. i] ‘are still troubles ahead in the| ‘The insurrection bas be pe an aifalr of local banditt! and | ‘ who deserve no higher | ‘than the brigands of portions | Old World. Encouragement, For indirect, to these insurrectos | fon. the same footing as on-| ot % to hostile Indians in the | gays when we suill Indian wars. iy ae our aim ja to give the maian Who remains peacetul the full. | ‘amplest consideration, but to a unioretooa that we Will show nese if he goes on the war- fo we must make it eviden false to our own Crud. hot peands of clvill- , that While We our power for} the scemnest wea with the | who fellows the path of the ko and the ladrone, cartieat praise is due to large are of the wallves of the ts nde for their steadfast loyalty, The Macabebdea have been conspicuous | for their courage and devotion to the flag. L recommend that the secre- wy Of wat be empowered to take some aystematio action in the way of ing those Of these men who are rippied Mm the service and the fain- | those who are killed. The time has come when there ‘phould be additions) legislation for ines, Nothing better can would benefit them so much a: ving them-open to industrial ¢ mt. The connection between and mischief is proverbial, the opportunity to do remunera- ‘work is one of the surest pre- ef war. Of course no busi. ‘Man Will go Into the Philippines tt is to bis interest to do x0; | prospects of success, ch wien done are not only mi it assets in the nations’ ma. rial interests, but standing monu- to ita constructive ability. have resulted in my be lay before the senate which if ratified will enable BE to begin rations for an nt canal at aay time, and ee irarnatees, te. tile nation that jt has ever asked ion with the canal. In treaty, the oid Clayton-Bulwer = #0 long rec d as inade- to supply the base for the ‘construction and maintenance of Recewarily American ship canal, is | ebrogated. It specifically provides | that the United States alone shall | do the work of building and assume the responsibility of safeguarding the canal and shall regulate its peu- tral use by ali nations on terms of | equality without the guaranty or in- | terference of any outsi nation | my quarter. The signed treaty | a approv t congress can then proceed to give effect | the advantages It secures us by pro- | viding for the bullding of the ganai. | Should Seek Peace. | The true end of every great an free people should be geit-fespecting | 3 and this nation most ear. | desires sincere and cordial friendship with all otters. Over t $Bilre world, of recent years, wars tween the great civilized powers we become less and less frequent. fats with barbarians or semt-bar. peoples come in an entirely mt cat , being merely a ‘Most regrettable but necessary in- 1 police duty which must ed for the sake of the Of mankind. Peace can only With certainty where both bn it; but more and the a co keep zed les are real- sked folly of war and that condition of just fegard for the rights in the end, as make world- ‘The peace con- gave definite and belief toward their pequienced roe doo- 48 compatibie - Bowes and aims of the tonteronee, _iiearee Doctrine All Right, he Monroe doctrine shoula cardinal feature of the forey m pat icy of all the nations of the too Americas, ax Jt is of the United dust seventz-clght yours leerned and have. passed aince President Monroe his annual age announced American continents are h hot to be considered aa for future colonization by repean power,” In words, the Monroe dovtri i a declaration that there must be no territorial aggrandisement non-American power at the of any American power on A: joan soll, It is in no wise intended as hostile to any nation in the Old World, Stil lesa is it intended to give cover to any aggression by one New World power at the expense of any other, It is simply a step, a long Step, toward assuring the universal peace of the world by & curing the possibility of manent peace on this hemisphere, During the paat century other in- fluene have established the per manence and independence of the smaller @tates of Europ Through the Monroe doctrine we hope to able to safeguard like independence and seoure like permanence for the iesser among the New World na~ sons. This doctrine hus with the commerets lations of any | American power, ave it tn truth allows each of them to form such ae it dk *, In other words, it is really @ guaranty of the com: mercial independence of the Awe: cas, We do not ask under this doo~ trine for any exolusive commercial dealings with any other American We do not guarant state against punishment if it mis- conducts itself, provided that pun- ishment does Hot take the form of the acquisition of territory by any non-American power, Our attitude in Cuba ts a sufticte: anty of our own good faith. V have not the slightest desire to « nothing to do jeure any territory at the expense of any of our neighbors, We wish to work with them hand in hand, ¢o that ali of us may be uplifted to- gether, and We rejoice over the good fortune of any of them, we gladly hail their material prosperity 4nd: political stability, and are con- jarmed It any of then fall into Industrial or political chaos. We do not wish to see any Oid World military power grow up on this continent, or to be compelied to become @ military power our- selves. The of the Americas can prosper if left to work out their own salvation in thelr own sea eorvice, trained and disciplined ub crews of the ships when there jeht—all ar ptitied y the Klory of Mun for our country forethought and preparation which eoured us the — overwhelming triumph of 1898. If we fall to show forethought and preparation now, |there may come « time when disas: ter will befall us instead of triumph; and should thie t wil rest primarily, not upon those whom the accident of events puis in supreme command at the mo. ment, but upon those who have fail ed to prepare in advance. More Big Battleships. There should be no cessation In the work of completing our navy. So far ingenuity bas been wholly Unable to devise a substitute for the @reat war craft whose hammering Buna beat out the mastery of the high seas, if is uneafe and u hot to provide this year fur several additional battle ehips and heavy armored cruisers, with auxiliary and Ngnter craft in ‘proportion; for the xact numbers and character I re- fer you to the report of the secre tary of the navy. But there is something we need even more than additional ships, and this is addi- tonal officers and men. To provid battle ships and cruisers and then lay them up, with the expectation of leaving them unmanned util they are needed in actual war, would be worse than folly; it would dea crime against the nation To wend any w Pp against competent enemy unless — thi aboard it have been trained by years of actu includ ing incessant — gu act }woutd be to invite y die aster, but the bitterest shane aud Four t mal una a incrense in shoule be ,revided hy large addition to the \ Annapolis, There 9 on ter which should be mm commection with Annapo) |tentous and unmeant |“naval cadet rbould be abolished; |the tite of “midahipman,” full ut |hivterte aswociation, should be re- stored. Even in time of peace & warship should be used until It wears out, for only so can it be kept fit to ro- spond to any emergency. The oif- cers and men alike should be kept |as much as possible on blue water, |for it t there only they can learn thelr duties a» they should be learn- ed. Tho dig veasels should be man- oeuvred tn squadrons containing not |merely battle ships, but the neces- sary tion of cruisers and scouts, torpedo boats should be handled. by the you Officers tn euch manner as will Mt the Int. ter to take responsibility and meet the emergencies of actual warfare. Practice With Guns. Every detail ashore which can be performed by a civiilan should be so pert the officer being kept for his special duty tn the sea ser- vies. Above ail, gunnery practice should be unceasing. it is import- ant to have our navy of adequate ines xhuld b: the offic making we) a at the | ne one | ph ae aged are united tn demanding, it is tive that our navy be it and kept in the highest state of | eiiciency, and should be made to newer to our growing needs. So | far from being to any Way a provo- cation to war, an te and hirhly trained navy te the best guar. ‘war, the cheapest and | effective peace Insurance. The | cost of bullding and maintaining | Probably no other great nation in the world is so anxious for peace | aa we are, There is not a sings | civilized power which has anything | whatever to fear from aggresalv insure fair treatment’ to us com- and t guarantee tho safety of' the American people. Our people intend to abide by the Monree doctrine and to insist upon ft as the one sure means of secur- | inphere. means of making our upon the Monroe doctrine anything | but a subject of derision to what-| ever nation chooses to disregard it. ‘We desire the peace which comes as of right to the just man armed, not the peace granted on terms of tg. hominy to the craven and the weak- Ung. It is not possible to improvise a navy after war breaks out. The ships moat be built and, the men trained long in advance. Some aux- iMary vesyels cnn be turned into makeshifts which will do in default of any better for the minor work, and a proportion of raw men can be mixed with the highly trained, their shortcomings being made good by the skill of their fellow: et.wient fighting force of the navy when pitted against an equal oppon. ent will be found almost exclusive- ly in the war ships that have been regularly buflt and in the officers and men who through years of faithful performance of sea duty have been trained to handle their formidable but complex and delicate weapons with the highest efficiency. In the late war with Spain the ships that dealt the decisive blows at Manila and Santiago had been launched from two to fourteen years, and they were able to do as they ‘did because the men in the conning towers, the gun turrets and the engine-rooms had through long of practice at eea learned how ‘0 do thetr duty. Our present navy was begun in 188%, At that period our navy con- sisted of a col wooden ships, already slmost as out of place aguinat modern war veusels aa the galleys of Alcibiades and Hamiicar—certainly as the ships of Tromp and Blake. Nor at that time did we bave men fit to handle a modern man-ot-war. Under th wise legislation of congress and the successful administration of @ suc- cession of, patriotic secretaries of the navy, belonging to both political parties, the work of upbuliding the |navy Went on, and ships equal to any in the world of their kind were |continually added; and what was even moore finportant, these shi ‘were exercised at sea tingly and in fquadrons until the men aboard them were able to get the bent pos. sible service out of them. The re- wult was seen in the short war with Spain, which was decided with such rapidity because of the infinitely Kreater preparedness of our than of the Spanish navy. Honors for Non-Combatants. tt to the men who actually command- ed and manned the ships which de- stroyed the Spanish sea forces in the Philippines and in Cuba, we must not forge that an equal meed of praise belongs to those without whom neither blow could have been struck. The congressmen who voted years in advance the money to lay down the ships, to build the guns, to buy the armor-plate; the depart- snent officials and the business men and wage-workers who furnished what congress had authorized; the necretaries of the navy who asked for and expended the appropria tions; and finally the officers who, [must be made to exalt [whole navy, w | This general board, by fostering thi fon of antiquated | size, but it ia even more import- im efficiency any navy In the world, ‘This ts powible only with highly drilled crews and rm, and this in turn im: ively demands con- tinuous and progressive instruction ine. Our ships must be assembied in squadrons actively cruising away ch oie result ‘psn ine woar be eadured; [a battle ship worn out in long tratn- Ing of officers and men te well paid for by the results, while, on the ether hand, no matter in how ex- gellent condition, It ts useless if the crew be not expert. We now have seventeen battle ships appropriated for, of which nine are completed and have been commiasioned for actual service. ‘The remaining will be ready fn from two to four years, but it | will take at least that time to re- crult and train the men to fight them. It is of vast concern that we have trained crews ready for the vemsols by the time they are com- misah Good ships and good gons are simply weapons, and the best. weapons are useless save in the hands of men who know how fo fight with them. The men most be trainel and drifted under a thor- ough and well planned system progressive instruction, while the Fecruiting must be carried on with etil greater vigor, Ev effort “the ‘main function of the offleer—the command of men. The leading graduates of the naval should be as- signed to the combatant branches, the line and marines, Greater Naval Efficiency. Many of the essentials of success are already recognized by the gen- eral which, as t) central office of a growing staff, is moving steadily toward © sroper war emi joncy and @ proper efficiency of the jer the secretary. creation of a general staff, ‘i viding for the official and then the general recognition of our altered jconditions as = nation and of th true meaning of a great war fe which meaning in, first, the best |men, and, second, the best alii | ‘The naval militia forces are wtate jorganiaations and trained fo coast service, and in event of war they will constitute the inner line of defense. They should receiv hearty encouragement from the gea- ral government. But in addition we should at once provide for a national naval re- terve, Organized and trained under the direction of the navy depart- ment, and subject to the call of th chief’ executive whenever war be- comes imminent, It should be a real auxiliary to the naval sea-going peace estabilshment, and offer ma terial to be drawn ‘on at once for |manning our ships in time of war. It should be composed of graduates of the naval academy, graduat the naval militia, offi ine steamers, ishing vessels her with t out such center |waving stations and light The American people mut elt build and maintain an sdequ navy or else make up thelr mi definitely to accept @ necondary pc sition in international affairs, not merely in political, but in com mercial matters. It has been well faid that there is no surer way of ourting national disaster than to |be “opulent, aggressive and un- armed, | Army Large Enough. It is not necessary to Increase our pro: army beyond its present size at this But it ia necessary to keep it at the highest point of efficiency. DAVY |The individual units who as officers and enlisted men compose this army, are, we have 004 reason to believ le ast Os iclent as those of any While awarding the fullest honor |other army in the entire world, It is our duty to seo that their train- | ing ts of a kind to inure the bigh- t possible expression of power to exe units when acting in eombin- jon. The conditions of modern war are such ‘0 make an infinitely heavier femand than ever before upon the | individual character and capacity of the officer and enlisted man, and to make It far more dificult for to |act together with effect. At present |thaAghting must be done in extend jed order, which means that each |man must act for himself and at |the same time act in combination with others with whom he no come, the fault | email mat~ ant that ship for ship it should equal Jelbow touch. Under much ja few men of the highest re Ww than many men without 1 ski}! which only found as ult Of Mec training applied to men of exc tlonal physique and moral nowadays the most valuable ing man and the moat pert & wkiliful and daring rider, ‘The proportion of our cavalry r ments has wisely been increased "The Amertoan ehvalryman, trained to manoeuvre and fight with equal |faollity on foot and on horseback, ia the best type of eoldier for gen= eral purposes now to be found in th world. The ideal cavairyman of the present day is a man who can feht On foot as effectively as the beat Infantryman, and who ts in addition unsurpaswed In the care and man am his apil ns ellence But fight dimoult to Create a General Staff, A general staff should be created. As for the p nt staft and departments, they should ia from the lin A recurni be filled . the men # after a wh It is very ui © senior grad the army composed of men Ww have come to fll the positions t the mere fact of seniority, A ay: tem should be adopted by "which there ehell be an elimination grade by Krade of those who seem unfit to render the beat service in the next grade, Justice to the veterans of the Civil War who are «till in the army would seem to require that In the matter of retirements they given by law the same privileges accorded to thelr comri in the navy, A® process of elimination of the least At should be conducted in manner that would render it practs cally imponsible to apply political or social pressure on beball of any oan. didate, so that cach man may be judged purely on bis own merita, Pressure for the promotion of ctyil officials for polition! reasons is bad enough, but it is tenfold worse Where applied on behalf of offic or navy. Bvery pr under the War department must be made ly with rogard to the good of the jservice and to the capacity and merit of the man himself, No proas- litical, egotal, or personal, of emitted to ex- ercive tha least effect tn any ques- tion of promotion or detall; and if there is reason to believe that such pressure is exercised At the instiga- on of the officer concerned, it will be held to militate against him. In jour army we cannot afford to have on the simple ground that those who by their own merits are entitied to the rewards get them, and that those who are peculiarly Bt to do the duties are chosen to perform om. j very effort should be made to bring the army to a constantly tn- creasing state of ney. hea on actual service no work save that directly in the line of such service should be required, The paper work tm the army, in the navy, should be greatly reduced. What is need. od is proved power of command an capacity to work well im the field. Constant care is necessary to pre- And sommissary departinen ts Need Military Excelience. Our army ts #0 small and xo much soattered that it ix H the lower c’hcers and the eulisted men) & chance to practice man- oeuvres in mass and on & compara. Uvely large scale. In ume of need nO amount of individual excellence would avail ‘ainet the paralysis which would follow inability to work rare t whole, under skilifal and ing leadership. The con- Frese should provide means whereby t will be ponsible to find field ex- \ercines by at least a division of reg- |Ulare, and If ponsible also a division jof national guardamen, once @ year. | These exercises might take the form lof Meld manceuvres; or, if on the | Gulf coast or the Pacific or Atlantic seaboard, or in the region of the Great Lakes, the army corps when |amsembied could be marched from fome inland point te same point on |the water, there en! disern- barked after a couple of dayw' jour. ney at some other point, and in marched inland. Only ‘by |bandiag and providing for men in |masses While they are marching, leamping, embarking and disem- | barking, will it be porsible to train the higher officers to perform their duties weil and smoothly. A great debt ts owing from the public to the men of the army and navy. They should be so treated aa to enable them to reach the high- est point of efficiency, so that they may be able to respond instantly to any demand made upon them to sustain the interest# of the nation and the honor of the fag. The t dividual American enlisted man is probably on the whole « more for- | aadadie fighting man than the regu- lar of any other army. Every con- ideration should be lin return the standard of | usefulness should be exacted from him, It is well worth while for the congress to consider whether the pay of enlisted men upon second and |eubwequent enlistments should not | be increased to correspond with the increased value of the veteran sol- dier. ’ Reforms in the Army. Much good has already come trom led early in the present year. Thi three prime reforms, all of them of literally inestimable value, are, first, the substitution of four-year detail from the line for permanent appoin ments in the so-called staff divisions; second, the establishment of a corps of artillery with « chief at the head; third, the establishment of a maxi mum end minimum limit for the army. It would be difficult to over- estimate the improvement in the ef- ficl of our army which these three reforms are making, and ha in part already effected ‘The reorganization provided for by the act has been substantially ac complighed. The improved conditions in the Philippines have enabled the war department materially to reduce the military charge upon our rev enue and to arrange the number of soldiers so a8 to bring this number much nearer to the minimum than the maximum Iimft established b: w. There 1s, however, need of sup mentary | itary education must be provided, and in addition to the regulars thi gdvantages of this education should be given to the officers of the N nal Guard and others in etvil lit who desire intelligently to fit them- selves for possible military duty, The officers should be given the chance to Perfect themselves by study In the higher branches of this art. — At Went Point the education should be the kind most apt to turn out w who are good in actual field servic |too much stress should not be laid on mathematics, nor should proficiency therein be held to establish the right of entry to a corps d'elits. ‘The typt cal American officer of the best kind need not be « good mathematician; ut he must be able to master him- felf, to control others and to show | boldness and fertility of resource 1 every emergency. Militia Considered Action should be taken in refer ence to the militia and to the rats- ing of volunteer forces. Our mill tie law is obsolete and The organization and 4 the National Guard of the several |states, which are treated ax militia jin the appropriations by the eon grrens, whould be fdentical with those provided for the regular forces The obligations and duties of the | ph m | in fais weather and foul, on aotual jjouger in the old-fashioned sibow-to- | National Guard in time of war should ot is the rifleman who is also | rewards or duties distributed save | Vent dry rot in the transportation | ee | n| THE SHEATTLE STAN be carefully defined, tablished by law us method of procedure of raising vol unteor forces should be presorived in adve It in utterly Impossible in the excitement and haste of impend ing war to do this satisfactorily if the arrangements have not been made long beforehand. Provision made for wtliixing in the nw culled nd a nystern em f which the © under neloc of any are wary kof have already had ex arma, and especially for th which may ful nel f the is impossible after the out) war, Army an Upbuilder That the army is not At ull a mere Instrument of destruction has beer shown during the j4At three years. n the Pillippines, Cuba and Port Hico it has proved itself o great con |atructive force, a mus. potent imple ment for the upbuilding of a peace ful clviiaation. No other citizens deserve #o well of the republic as (he veterans, the sur who saved the Union. hey did the one deed wh it lett Wndone would have meant that all eine in our history went for nothing. but for their steadti the greatest crisis of our annais would be meanin and our great experiment in popular freedom and self-government @ sivomy failure. Morea they bot only left us @ united nation, but tt left us also ay & heritage ihe ory of the mighty deeds by which Was kept united. Weare now indeed one n one in fact ax well 2 in name, are united evotion to the flag which aymbol of unity; our unto part of the country, to glory valor shown by the sona of the North and th wons of the South im the mies Chat tried men's souls, Dn who in the lant three ve done #0 Well In the Kast » Weat Indies and on the main land of Asia have shown that this remembrance i# not lost, In any the United States must me of ite heh © Upon the Volunteer soldiery who do not make 4 permanent pro- feasion of the military career or} whenever such @ crisis arin be |deathieas memories of the Civil War will give to Americans the lift of lofty purpose which comes to those whose fathers have stood vailantly ip the forefront of the battle. No Pull Goes Now The merit system of making ap polntments is in tts essence as dem- veratic and American as the common lechool syatem itwelf. Lt simply moa: | that clerical and other postions |where the dution are entirely non- political, all applicants should hav a fair feid and no favor, each stand- ing on his merite aa he is able to show them by practical teat. Writ ten competitive e nations offe the only available means in many cases for applying this system. in other cases, as where laborers are employed, a system of registration undoubtedly can be widely extended. ‘There are, of course, places where the written competiive examination cannot be appiied, and others where [it offers by nO means an ideal solu: jon, but where under existing politi eal conditions it is, though an t perfect means, yet the best present moans of getting sntisfactory results. ‘Wherever the conditions have per- mitted the application of the merit system in its fullest and widest sense the gain to the government has bees immense. The navy yards and tal service Uluttrate, probably tern than any other branches of the government, the great gain in econ- omy, ¢Mclency and honesty due to the enforcement ef this principle. 1 recommend the-parsnge of a law which will extend the classified serv- too to the District of Columbia. or will at tenet enable the president thus to extend it. In my judgment All lawe providing for the temporary employment of clerks should here- after contain a provision that they, be selected under the clyll service law. Notice to Politicians It im tmportant to have thie system obtein ft home, but it in even more important to have it applied rigidiy tn our insular pomseasions. Not an joffice should be Miled in the Philip- |pines or Porto Kico with any re- jgard to the man'e partisan «fMfitia- lions or servides. with any regard to the political, soctal or personal in. fluence which be may have 9 his command; in short, heed id be paid to absolutely nothing save the man's own character and capacity and the needs of the service. ‘The administration of these ial- ands should be as wholly free from the suspicion of partisan politics as the administration of the army and navy, All that we ask from the |publie servant in the Philippines or i Rico fe that he reflect honor on bis country by the way in which he makes that country’s rule a bene- fit to the who have come un- der it. ‘and we eannot afford to be con- tent with less. ‘The merit system is almply one method of securing honest and effi cient administration of the govern. |ment; and in the long run the pol | Justification of any type of govern ment lies in tte proving iteelf both | bt. | the act reorganiaing the army, pass-| honest and efficient. Consular Service ‘The consular service is now or. ganized under the provisions of a jaw passed in 1854, which ts entirely inadequate to existing conditto: ‘The interest shown by so many com- mercial bodies throughout the coun- try in the reorganization of the service is heartily commended to your attention. Several bills pro- Viding for a new consular service have in recent years been submitted to the congress. They are based upon the just principle that appois monta to the service should be made only after a practical test of the ap- plicant’s fitness, that promotions arned by trustworthi- ity, and zeal in the and that the tenure of office should be unaffected by partisan conniderations, ‘The guardianship and fostertn, our rapidiy expanding foreign merce, the protection of Amer itixens resorting to foreign coun tries In lawful pursuit of their af fairs, and the maintenance of the dignity of the nation abroad, com bine to make it essential that our conmuls sb knowledge and enterprise, It in true that the service Ia now, in the main, efficient, but @ standard of exo lence cannot be permanently main- tained until the principles set forth in the bila heretofore submitted to the congress on this subject are en- acted into law. In my judgment the time has ar- rived when We should definitely make up our minds to recognize the Indian as an individual and not as ‘The general pe |a member of a tribe. fAilotment act 18 & mighty pulverts jing engine to break up the tribal mass, It acts directly upon the fam- fly and the individual. Under its lproviniona some sixty thou |dlans have already becom of the United States. We should how break up the tribal funds, do- ing for them what allotment does for the tribal lands; that is, they puld be divided into individual dings, ‘There will be a transition pe during which the funds wiil l{n'many: cases have to be held tn trust. This ie the case also with th lands. A stop should be put upon the indisertming permission to In Alans to lease thetr allotments, The effort sid be steadily to make the Indian work like any other man on his own ground, The marriage laws ~ mane per) hie Is-all that we should | uld be men of character, | of the Indi same ae fh. In thé should be et, dustrial, ‘che tion among th: should be made the of the whi schools the education fentary and largely in need of higher Indians is very, No Greek tor Indians limited, On the reservations care should be taken to try to sult the teaching to the needs of the particu lar Indian, ‘There is no uso in at tempting to induce agriculture in @ jeountry sulted only for cattle rais- ing, where the Indian should be made & stock grower. The ration fyxtom, Which is merely the corral and the reservation system, is high ly detrimental to the Indians, It promotes beggary, pet pau iam and stifles ind It fe an tual barrier to DET RA, ontinue to & greater or lem ne A8 tribes are herded ervations and have everything The Indian wb 48 an tndivid man, Daring treatment ine y must wo hardahips; but we id not because of thom hesitate make the change. There should be a continu uetion th number In deat with the aboriginal races few things are more In.portant to preerve them from (he ter- ribie physical and moral degradation resulling from the Hquor trafic. We are dol Indian trikes from this evil eve Wher by International agreement this nd can be Attain races where wo do not Clusive ¢ 1, every be made to bring it St. Louis Ex I bespeak the from the congr the Bt. Li osition oat cordial support of purer of expansion in finitely dec come a gree fur the hemi Greatest insta mr history, It 4 that we were to penta! republi pwer in the It is one of or four great jandmarks in our history—the great turning potn in our development. It is eminently fitting that all our people should join with heartiest good will in commem- Orating it, and the citizens of Bt Louls, of “Minsourt, of all the Jacent region, are ‘entitled to every ‘4 in making the celebration a Roteworthy event in our annals. earnestly bope that foreign nations Will appreciate the deep interest our |eountry takes In this exposition, and our view of its importance from ev- \ery standpoint, and that they will gms) in securing its success. national government should be- Fepresented by @ full and complete | eet of exhibits. | ‘The people of Chartenton, with great ehergy and civic spirit, are carrying on an exposition which will contipue throughout most of the preeent ceenion of congress. I heart ¥ commend this exposition to the go0d will of peorter tt deserves ‘all the ment that can be ven It, ‘The managers of the Char- jemton exposition have requested the cabinet officers to place thereat the fovernment exhibits which have nm at Buffalo, promising to pay the necessary expenses. T have tak- en the responsibility of directing that this be done, for I feel that it te due to Charleston to help her in her praiseworthy effort. In my opinion the management should not be required to pay all these expenses. I earnentiy recommend that the con- gress appropriate at once the small fum heoessary for this purpose. The Pan-American exposition an-American Exposition | Buffalo has just cloned, Both from the Industrial and the artistic stand~ int this exporition has been in a igh degree creditable ang useful, |not merely to Buffalo, but to the United States, The terrible tragedy 1 Qssasnination tn- terfered materially with its being a financial success. The exposition was peculiarity tn harmony with the t of our public policy, because It Tepresented an effort to bring in- to closer touch all the peoples of |the Western hemisphere, and give jthem an increasing sense of unity. | Such an effort was a genuine nerv- |" to the entire American public. ‘The advancement of the highest Interests of national science and learning and the custody of objects of art and of the valuable results of aclentific expeditions conducted | by the United States have been com- | mitted to the Smithsonian tnatitution. In furtherance of ite declared pur- pose—for the “increase and diffusion of knowledge among men"—the con- has from time to time give: it other important functions. Such trusts have been executed by the institution with notable ity. ‘There should be no halt in the work | of the institution, in accordance with the plans which the secretary has presented, for the preservation of the va ing races oe North | American animals in National Zoological Park. The urgent needs of the national museum are recom- mended to the favorable considera- tion of the congress. Perhaps the most characteristic educational movement of the past fifty years is that which bas creat- ed the modern public Mbrary and developed it Into broad and active |nervice. ‘There are now over fv thousand public libraries in the Unit- od States, the product of this period. In addition to accumulating mat rial, they are also striving by o \ganization, by improvement in meth- and by, co-operation, to give reater etfidiency to the material they hold, to make it more widely useful and by avoidance of unnece: ry duplication in process to reduce the cost of Its administration. The National Library In these efforts they naturally look for assistance to the federal ibrary, which, though still library’ of congress, and #0 entitled, |!" the one national library of the | United States. Already the largest | single collection of books on the Western hemisphere, and certain to inerease more rapidly than any oth- er through pureh: change and | the operation of the copyright law, this Hbrary has a unique oppo tunity to render to the libraries of the country—to American — scholar- ip—service of the highest Import- ance. It is housed in a b which Is the largest and most nifleent yet erected for brary us Resources are now being which will develop the collection | properly, equip it with the appara’ available ft to become, not merely a center |of research, but the chief factor in |great co-operative efforts for the diffusion of knowledge and the ad- vancement of learning. For the sake of good administra- tion, sound economy and the ad- vancement of acience, the census of- fice as now constituted should be rade @ permanent government bu- reau, This would insure better, cheaper and more satisfactory work, in the interest not only of our bus! ness but of Statistic, economy and social solence ‘The remarkable growth of the pos- tal service is shown in the tact that its revenues have doubled and its expenditures have nearly doubled within twelve years, Its progresal development compels constantly ii creasing outlay, but tn this period of business energy and prosperity receipts. groW so much faste n ite expens 1 the annual deficit, has be reduced from $11.41 1901, Among recent postal ss of rural fr established has marked, and actual experien made its benefits #0 plain, that the demand for ita extension is general the | a to have our own| A an regards ad- | We at | better future the | and urgent It is just that the great agricul tural population should share In the Improvement of the nervic number of rural routes now in eration ts 6,009, practically all tablished within threo yours, Rural fostal Delivery ,000 applications awalt It ts expected that the ut the clone of there are ing action, humber in operation the current fiscal year will reach 4,400. ‘The mail will then be daily curried to the doors of 6,700,000 of our people who have heretofore been dependent upon dixtant offices, and one-third of all that portion of the country which is adapted to it will covered by thin kind of serv. The tult n which ini«h |been har, the heavy wure of postal progress be realized has long red and obstructed by burden imposed on the hrough th. nched whieh of this burd tated that w ler makes 1 -iitths of weight of all the mail, it paid the inst fecal year only 14,294, M6 of the aggregate postal revenue of $111,651,193. 1f the pound rate of postaga, which produces the large lone thun entailed, nd which was fixed by the congress with th me of encouraging the Uon of public formatial ited to the timate | and pertodicais actually conte od by the law, just ex wuld be taken. That expense be the recognized and accepted of a liberal public policy deliberately adopted for a justifiable end, Hut uch of the matter whic enjoys the privileged rate is wholly outalde ot intent of the law, and t secured adiniesion only through evasion of its requireme thr h lax ¢ ruction, The portion of su ine matter is eau powus perts to be on th volume of second class mall. be only one-third or on magnitude of Uh ent, The poetoffice department hus now undertaken to move the abuses so far as is possible by a stricter plication of the law; and it should be sustained in its effort. Trade With Chine | Owing to the rapid growth of our | Power and our interests on the Pa- fic, whatever happens in China mum be of the keenest national con- cern wo us, terms of the settle- The Crm ment of the questions growing out the anti-foreign uprisings in were lim- le neweps ould if tt the of China of 1900, having been formulat- ed in a joint note addresned to China by the representatives of the Injur: ed powers in December last, were promptly accepted by the Chinese wernment. After protracted con- ferences the pienipotentiariens of the several powers were able to sign a final protocol with the Chinese plent- potentiaries on the 7th of last Sep- tember, setting forth the measures taken by China In compliance with the demands of the joint note, and expressing their satisfaction there- with, It will be taid before the con- gress, with & report of the pleni- otentiary on behalf of the United tates, Mr. Wilitam Woodville Rock- hill, to whom high praise is due for the tact; good Judgment and energy he hes displayed ing an exceptionally dificult and del task. ‘The agreement reached Aisposes tn a manner satisfactory to the powers of the various grounds of complaint and will contribute materially to 4 the powers. Reparation China and tt has been made by China for the murder of foreigners during the up- —_ and punishment haa been in- fileted on the officials, however high in rank, recognised as responsible for or having participated in the outbreak. Official examination» have been forbidden for @ perind of five ra in all clties in which foreign- ers have been murdered or cruelly treated, and edicts have been is- sued raking all officials directly re- sponsible for the future safety of foreigners and for the suppression of violence against them. Sefety of Foreigne: Provisions bave been made for in- suring the future safety of the for- gn representatives in Peking by setting aside for thelr exclusive use @ quarter of the city which the pow~ ore can make atensible and to which they can ff necessary main- tain permanent military guards; by dismantling the military works be- tween the capital and the sea; and by allowing the temporary mainte- nance of foreign military posts al this line. An edict has been by the emperor of China pronibiting for two years the importation of arms and ammunition into China. China bas indemnities to the states, #0. and individuals for the losses sus- tained by them and for the expenses of the military expeditions send by the various powers to protect life “WGader the provisions of the Joint Under the of the Jo note of December, 1900, China has agreed to revive the treaties of com- merce and navigation and to take such other steps for the pu of facilitating foreign trade aa the for- cign powers may decide to be need- ed. ‘The Chinese government has agreed to participate Busncially tn the work of bettering the water ap- proaches to Shanghal and to Tien- tain, the centers of foreign trade in central and northern China, and an international conservancy board, in which the Chinese government ts largely represented, has been pro- vided for the improvement of the Shanghai river and the contro! of it navigation. In the same line of com- mercial advantages @ revision of the present tariff on tmports has been assented to for the purpose of nub: stituting speelfic for ad vaiorem duties, and an expert has been sent abroad on the part of the United | States to assist in this work. A list lof articles to remain free of duty, lincluding flour, cereals and rice, | gold and silver cotn and bullion, has aiso been agreed upon in the settle- ment, Policy of Moderation During these troubles our govern- ment has unswervingly advocated | moderation, and has materially aid led in bringing about an adjustment | which tends to enhance the wolfare Jot China and to lead to a moro ben- eficlal intercos between the cin- L're and the modern world; while in tne critical period of revolt and mas- sacre we did our full share in safe- life and property, rest 4 vindicating the n: interest and honor. It behooves us to continue in these peths, doing what lies in our power to fonter feelings of good will and leaving no effort untried to work out the great policy of full and fair incercourte between China and the ations, on @ footing of equal rights and advantages to all. We advocate the “open door” with all that it im- piles, not merely the procurement Of enlarged commercial opportuni- ties on the coast, but access to the interior by the waterways with }e dinarily favored. Only by bringing the people of China into peaceful and friendly community of trade with all the peoples of the earth ean the work now ausptolously begun be carried to fruition, In the attainment of this purpose we necessarily claim rity of treatment, under the n~ ntions, throughout the empire for our y ond our citizens with those of alt other power We view with lively Interest and keen hopes of beneficial results the proceedings of the Pan-American congress, convoked at t invitation Co Melon, CNA. tome Gist 68 6 Mexican capital, “ | eption | which China has been so extraor-| 1 delegates of| Mk. {Wino 4 5H (216 ond Ey AVESCORW rH Uurvengitt ” D.WA Sih. Millinery | Pri Ladies’ Trimmed Hats, that are worth from $5.00 to $9.00 C £0 at Re Children’s and Misses Tri at worth S10 and £0 at ..,.,.81,50 and $3 lati’ w Misses’ Fe Tailor-Made Hats, Draped Hats and Crush Hats, w b 51.W Wo 16.06, go at ° * . HVe te Children’s Crush Hata, all colors, worth from Wc to $1.00 each, at tisteseretter ss see BOO and BOC Ladies’ and Misses’ Black Fur Felt Shapes, worth $1.00 to $1.75 each, your choice at, each. 50c Latics’ Biack Velvet Hats, worth $1.00, now, each .. TSe TRIMMING Birds and Breasts, worth 35c to ‘The, your chotce, each....,.15e Birds and Breasts, worth $fc to ®. 50c | swered to your satisfaction by 25c Per Sheet For fine Poster Board, six col- ore to select from. ALFRED S, WITTER & CO. 1154 Second Ave. As Good as New Get your olf Umbrellas fixed up. It don’t cost much and ‘twill be as good as new. E. H. SHAMEK 4225 First Ave, Don't hesitate if you are sick. See me at once, DR. H. T. TURNER. Sanitarium, Hinckley block, 4th foor, Save Money By buying @ second-hand type- writer, Dearly as good as new.| Several standard makes. E. C NILES, 109 Cherry St, the United States are under the most beral instructions to co-operate ‘with their colleagues in all matters promising advantage to the great nity of American commonwealths, as well in thelr relations among themselves as in their domestic ad- vancement and in thelr intercourse with the world at large. Awards Against Mexico My predecessor communicated to the congress the fact that the Well and La Abra awards against Mexico have been adjudged by the highest courts of our country to have been obtained through fraud and perjury on the part of the claimants, and that In accordance with the acts of the congress the money remaining in the hands of the secretary state on these awards has been re turned to Mexico, portion of the money recelved from Mexico on these awards had been paid by this government to the claimants before the decision of the courts had been rendered. My jude ment is that the congress should jreturn to Mexico an amount equal |to the sums thus already paid to |the claimants, = 8 | ‘The death of Queen Victoria caused the people of the United States deep and heartfelt sorrow, |to which the government gave full expression. ‘When President McK ley died, our nation in turn re from eVery quarter of the Bri empire expressions of grief and sym- pathy no less sincere. The death of the empress dowager Frederick of Germany aiso aroused the gonu'ne sympathy of the American people and this sympathy was cordial reciprocated by Germany when the preaident was assassinated. Indeed. rom every quarter of the elvilized world we received, at the time of |the president's death, assurances of \such grief and regard as to touch the hearts of our people, In the | midst of our affiictton we reverently thank the Almighty that we are Jat peace with the nations of man- kind; and we firmly intend that our policy shall be such @s to continue unbroken these international rela~ tions of mutual respect and good THEODORE ROOSEVELT. White House, December 8, 1901. Get WATCHES at Moore's, 105 Second ave. oasis Canes and Pipes for presentatio: at Moore's, 105 Second ave, ns Cliso & King have removed their law offices from the Pacifico block to rooms 803 to 306 in the new Globe | buflding, corner of First avenue and | Madison street, All creditors of the | Seattle Savings bank are requested Offerings) At Irresistibly Low ces Ladies’ F white ta: each . ack Velvet Hats with ng, Worth $2. Lafies’ Velvet and Silk Turbans, High, now, ee 82.25 and Satin Shirred Poke edged with black fur bli 1.7 Children’s Sik Poke Bonnets, all good wanted colors, worth $1. and $2.00, now, each. $1 Children’s Sik Hoods, with swansdown, colors royal and navy biue, worth now, each . SPECIALS Ostrich Plumes, colors brown and navy, w and $2.25, now, each. Red, Blue and Brown worth S%c, now .. Children's Bonnets, and brown, ¢ lace, colors re ‘orth $2.26, now, edged red, A Question of Quality wen ANDO” A Question of Price ‘These questions interest everyone. They can both be an- trading with any one of the a@- vertisers grouped here. Every ad. new every day. MY EYE me. Have it examined at Paina re at once ((Free A. Lindauer ‘Selent:tie Opaeian 322 Pike Street One Good Punch A considerable | Is often worth more than a dollan | Punching $1.00 to $5.00. Punching Bag Platforms, $3.00, Boxing Gloves, 60c per set of @ loves. for a Christmas fust the tht present for your boy. Boxing gloves at reduced prices. Rainier Hardware Co, 121 First Ave, Feat ot Sensea St Telephone, Main $23," Kona Coffee 250 Per Pound ‘The best flavored coffee for the price to be found in this market. Wm.S. MAYFIELD FAMILY GROCER 603 Pike. Tel. Main 998 and 371 Regulation Army Shirts fast blue, strict! \t as strictly all wool, at HIRK, 1209 First Ave. to call there at once and get their final dividend, . ‘When buying articles advertised im this paper, apeak of the Stap