The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, April 2, 1905, Page 9

THE SAN FRANCISCO SUNDAY CALL AAEAS ST T CPEEIONT | O] FSLNAL =. O A P i P St A Boriine s TeATYR, Y| 0 i FITPLES P 7€ PUBLIC seek other quarters Hackboard in the rooms of the £ & cow and and stall d the odor is not offern is fresh id act- suffer no 1 take many years before the e« of this city and vicinity wiil re with the places mentioned. s due to the fact that dairymen to expend money in what they be useiess improvements. They gue that the general public does not care dirty the dairies may be so ng s the milk is delivered at a nom- 1 figure; and, if they were to make the necessary improvements and then e a higher price for their com- modity, the patron would immediately become wroth and seek a dairyman c re moderate. Yet would = more y for liquors 1. It' contains form “the four quired by the , fats, carbohy- matter. These dis- ipaily imp food in be termed “dirty since the Board of Health ken the tter in hand it'can t that there has been a decrease in nfant mertality of east 131 per cent. The inspectors of the Board of Health employed by did work. They order the 2 with the ord s are having th ess holds are taken daily and brought to the lab- of the sample is turned Dr. Frederick G: Can teriologist, an used Dr. A. C. ent of pure food department, for analyses. alyses. It is the duty of the bacteriologist to ascertain the number of bacteria « nfes in the milk, a: the result of his examination caus h ties to admonish the dai city bac- g a bacteriological test is ex- tremely Interes g. First the sample of milk is placed in a specially ster- flized bottle that is wrapped in paper so that the fingers may not contami- it, and also to keep out the dust. Sterilized tubes containing a cuiture a, composed of beef, broth and peptone, to which is added agar-agar, which is a substance made from the aner bark of a tree grown in China, end which has the property of liquefy- ing at a b ng heat and solidifying when cold, is used to d the germs me and make them grow. Before using th germ-food, however, one hundred ers of water are measured into e-flask. Then one-tenth of a ter of milk is sucked up by a glass pipette, which is not unlike a straw, and dropped into the water. Ti makes a proportion of one of milk to one thousand of water and is known as dilution process. Another pipette is used to suck up one centimeter of the mixture of milk and water, and this is dropped into a tube of liquefied agar-agar and imme- diately plated out into a Petrie dish—a shallow glass with a cover. This dish 1 en set in an Incubator for about six hours at a temperature of centigrade, which is equivalent to Fahrenheit. This heat, together nourishing property of the has a tendency to make the col- grow and the plate clearly shows bacteria, which resemble white specks to the naked eye. This dish is placed on a Wolfoegel tablet, which is a glass marked off in one-fourth-inch squares, to enable a better count of the nies through a powerful micro- secop. Some samples show as many as 1,800,- 000 colonies to the cubic centimeter. This is a sign of a dirty dairy. Boston has a bacterfa standard of 500,000 colo- nies to the cubic centimeter and when- ever it goes above that figure drastic measures are taken against the daliry supplying the milk. Unfortunately, the Board of Supervisors have not seen fit to enact the Board of Health's recom- mendation of an alike standard into an ordinance, and therefore the health authorities of this city may only ad- monish cleaner methods. It is the presence of bacteria in milk that causes Samples of milk wnd then the thimble, with the ab- sorbent paper containing milk, Is placed in the Soxhlet apparatus and the fat is extracted by means of ether. This takes four hours’ time. At the expiration of that time the ether is ex- pelled from the fat'and -the fat Is welighed on a platinum dish on an ana- Iytical balance.- This usually corrobo- rates the Babcock test and is absolute- ly correet. From the same sample parts are taken and placed in & dish and evapo- rated to dryness. The proteids are then burned and the ashes tested for borax. Other portions are tested respectively for formaldehyde, salicylic acid, so- dium bi-carbonate, sodium sulphite, benzoic acid and other substances that BY LOUIS LEVY- -- LAY dEALTY VT UL \ G/ £ L7t so much suffering among infants, and it therefore behooves mothers to seé to it that their milk supply is 6f the best. Now, while the bacteriologist is look- ing for germs, the chemist is busily en- gaged searching for preservalines, sol- ids, etc., and arriving at the correct amount of butter fat in the milk. The standard of butter fat a vear ago was 3.2, and through the efforts of {he Health Department this standard was raised to 3.4, thus insuring the 'best quality of milk to householders. If the butter fat fails below the standard the dairyman is.arrested and he is usually subjected to a fine by the police magis- trate. It may not be am to dwell on the process followed by the pure food laboratory in arriving at the informa- tion degired. b TWhen the sample is brought in its specific gravity is taken to find out it it comes up to the standard for total solids. Then 17.6 cubic, centimeters of milk are placed into a Babcock bottle, mixed with an equal volume of sul- phuric acid, and. this is placed in the Still Angthe AN and woman both have been created by God. Both should have the same privi- leges, the same liberty, the same treatment and the chance of getting the same kind of po- sition in every affair—political, social or religious. . Man has the soul just the same as the woman. Why then should man possess more liberty and have more privileges than woman? There can be no distinction between a mans soul and that of a woman. Why then should the soul have more privileges at one place and less at another? This is something llke the caste system of our forefathers. The squl can have no caste, no sex, no distinction whatso- ever. ‘When you give liberty to people in every respect, 4o you give it to their external and material body, which is perishable, or do you give it for the advancement or evolution of the spirit within? Then why do you not give chance, scope or opportunities to the soul of woman for advancement in every affair? £ Do you mean to keép women con- fined In the culture of only domestic r Argumen and personal affalrs? give them the full scope for the cul- How can they i brove or make progress unless you en- courage them by putting bright pros- pects before them? use them just as your helps? Is not America the land—the great Does not America want to give liberty to all classes of people irrespective of sex or color or creed? Does she not want to give lib- erty to/man and woman both equally in every affair? . Why is not a woman allowed to give votes for political officers? s not an American woman aspire to even the President of her country? The ideas of liberty will- then « be complete whén we can mean to give it to both man and woman to the same Why don't you ture of politics? Do you mean to Babcock tester and rotated for five min- utes at the rate of 1200 revolutions a minute. Then sufficlent boiling water 18 added to bring the total solution to the neck of the bottle, where the grad- Again it is placed In the tester and rotated for another two minutes. More boiling water is added, and the butter fat rises to the surface: but in order that there may be no question as to the quantity of butter fat in the milk it is rotated a th time for one minute. been forced to the surface and easily off by means of land ot Hberty? uation occurs. The butter fat The law of mutual help plays an im- the relation. in every do; it political, social or reli canfot accomplish any unless the help comes eq: and woman great land of liberty. day is very near at . n and woman the graduated If it is found to be below 3.3 it is subjected to another test that is known as the Soxhlet process. Ten grams of thbl;mpl‘e’:’r:de L:x;dby means of the anal; balance and placed In taken and ject to test.. As in | & Soxhlet ‘thimble containing a roll of a result of these & £ 100 res- ‘absorbent paper. This is then dried in an air bath to expel all the moisture, ually from: both, upeelmy’fnmm . That America when ‘will be equally ab care of the country, are used frequently as préservatives In milk and cause intestinal troubles. Every sample, therefore, receives frem six to eight special tests, besides the ordinary tests for butter fats, be- fore it is pronounced fit for human con- sumption. It is thus that the milk dealers are forced to dispense good milk to this =ity. In the ear}y hours of the morn- ing milk is delfvered and inspectors are on the lookout for the vehicles carrying the lacteal fluld. The wagon is halted and a sample is taken from a full can and sealed in the presence of the driver. ' A sample from the same can is also sealed and turned over to the driver, who turns it over to his employer. This permits the owner to have the milk examined by a private chemist in the hope of dis- proving the anaylsis of the Health De- partment’s experts. This, however, proves futile, as the Babcock and’ Soxhlet tests are perfect apd the tese timony of the- Health Department's representatives is given great consid- eration by the police magistrates. Last month inspectors were sent to the rés- taurants of this city and samples were 1 t men, who had been in the it of watering their milk or serv- ing' their .patrons with the skimmed article, were arrested and heavily .fined. This has had a salutary effect on the dispensers of the fluld and they are giving .the public the price of their money, as they fear another visit from the health authorities. No one can seil .milk ia this city without, a permit from the Board of Health, and those who possess the permit must exercise great care in the handling of the article of food, for fear of having the permit revoked. Again, close watch is kept on. the dalry depots of this city. Almost half the dealers and dispensers of milk have no dairy farm and rely on thetr milk supply from outside sources. The depots must be kept clean and oper- ated in harmony with the ordinances of the city and county, otherwise they will be subject.to vacation proceed- ings. This means, of course, the clos- ing up of the depot. The Health Officer has forced the dairymen outside the county to' also comply: with -the ordinance. Ian or< “der to reach thess milk producers it Was necessary to inspect their ranches and whera they were found to he in a filthy condition ot d!d mot comte up to the requirements of the ordinances the depots handling the milk’ffom these places were notified that l! their ;h!v- vers dfd not ‘clean up the milk" sent into this cify would be quarantined and their permit to dispense it would be revoked. > Residents of this city may rest as- sured that the milk supply of this city will be of high standard, as the Board of Health is on the alert and every effort will be Made to force dairymen to live up to the ordinances. In-an article on “The Sources, Ef- fects and Prevention of Dirty Milk" written® by “that eminent aulhority, Charles Harrington, M. D., professor of hygiene at Harvard University and head of the Boston pure food labora- tory, the- author says: “When we speak of dirty milk we mean mlilk which, largely by, reason of the admission of preventahble dirt, but. equally, or even more, in conse- quence of improper methods of-cool- ing, handling and storage, contains ex- cessive numbers of bacteria.” The pre- ventable dirt gains access in varfous ways. It is derived chiefly frem the body of the cow and.consists largely of. halrs and particles of excrement. \A single hair may contribute hundreds and thousands of bacteria to the milk- ing pail, and the number of hairs which may be dislodged from . the -parts immediately above the pail" dur- ing the process of milking. through the necessary manipulation of the udder and the contact of v?e person of the milker, is very grea In the same way, and through itching of the tail, particles of excrement, ladem with bacteria, fall in a constant shower into the pail. It has been calculated that under ordinary- conditions of handling and storage the presence of abeut a twelfth of a grain of such.dirt per quart will cause each cubic centimeter of the milk to yield nearly three and a half millions of bacteria by the time it 1s delivered to ths customer, and Back- haus has reckoned the amount of cow excrement that the population of Ber- lin consumes dally with its milk at about 300 pounds.”™ Another important item is the care of the dairy herd. Drs. Hassler and Brady are capable veterinarians and in the course of imspection of dairies they invariably examine the cows. If a cow shows the least sign of being tubercular she is quarantined in am isolated spot for at least thirty days and subjected to the tuberculin test. If found to be afflicted the animal is killed and the carcass is coal-olled so that "‘the meat may not be sold fom food. Not more than three months ago samples of lce cream were secured from all parts of the city and tested for preservatives and In almost every instance the tpst showed the presence of gelatine, barax or thickener. Many were arrested, but no convictions were had, ‘because the dealers in fce cream informed the Judge that they bought the cream from a certain dairy and were paying for “pure, cream.”™ The dairyman was also arrested, but se- cured ihis release because the“State laws wére inadequate to cover the of- fense charged. Every gl_o'n is being made By the Health Dépdrtment to secure clean, wholesome and unadulterated m! San Francisco, and we earnestly and trust that the public will appre- ciate the good work,