The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, October 30, 1903, Page 8

SON TERHI INSTRUCTIVE STUDIES BY /NOTERMEQ ANV | owing to the slant, it will not jar you too | hard. egin | gloves | es and let on the gloves | teeth. | fasten | shouid of the | =1 qualiy on the toe of the left r to toe right | 1 the ine w Now for p this | Ke red back, | back | batk that lightning | swiftnes the weight | should be 2t foot | thar welght s | Now for t The two | guard not only wait to| attack for the face, but the re it can x‘mrd‘ where it can | r known as the solar plexus. ¢ plexus is just h('.‘ low 1tk point where the rik begin to | separate into &n inverted V. The left arm ghould be advanced beyond the right, the arm from glove to elbow being turned in- ward enough to “cover” the heart, the el- ' g several inches in advance of The right forearm should be ss the body in order to sheiter he partly ac the solar plexys. Dor't keep the face turned full toward your opponent. Turn it a little to the right Dy t stick the chin out T will eXplain t asons for all this later. Now, 1 first move: This is the | Guard for Left Lead for Head. I * . + straight left lead. Push the left hand straight toward your opponent’s face, just as if it were being drawn thither by an elastic band.. In other words, steadily and in a straight line. Don't draw back 1o deliver the biow. Don't bend the kneea. Serely bend the body slightly forward to 2dd force to the blow. Don't hit stiffly. iet the shoulder go forward with the slow. The instant the blow has landed wing the left arm back to first position | of the Morse alphabet. ni | electrical dots and dashes are made visi- | a switch to oven and close a strong local guard. Now for the way to parry this straight left lead for the face: When your op- ponent leads with his left for your face raise your right arm, keeping the wrist higher than the elbow, throwing the fore- arm upward and out, with the hand turned out. Thus you will catch the blow on the fleshy part of the forearm, where, This lead and this parry are the ground work of boxing. Study them carefully, comparing your own pose with those in| the illustrations. That will be enough for | to-day. In my next lesson I will tell you more of that same lead and parry and will teach you several other of the funda- mental blows and guards on which all boxing depends. New Automatic Recorder. BY MALCOLM McDOWELL Between Chicago and New York stretcheg a copper wire—each end in a Western Union operating-room. At the| terminal is a little, busy, humming brass affair which spins out electpical dots and dashes at the rate of 240 words an hour. At the other end i the “buck.” which, in the twinkling of an eye, transforms those | same intangible, silent and invieible dots and dashes into printed letters on an ordinary telegraph blank, ready for de- | livery i This electrical marvel is known as the | Buckingham automatic printing tele- graph, but the men and women who work around it have short-circuited the name to “buck.” | On “the New York-Chicago circuit it | receives and typewrites elghty averaging thirty words each, E it the same device, working on | a shorter line between London and Glas- | averages 125 messages an hour. e average newspaper reader, when he thinks of a telegram, has in his mind's cye the familiar figure of a telegraph operator sending a message by tapping a Morse key and receiving one by listening to the clickety-clicks of the sounder. But between large centers of population, such New York and Chicago, most of the messages are transmitted by means of per- ed paper tapes and ar: received at the other end on paper tapes inked with the ts and dashes of the Morse alphabet. T'his is accomplished by the Wheatstone system, which is so much more rapid than man operators that a large saving in | expenses is effected. tape which sends the message is prepared for the transmitter by operators, of them young women. who, by | v of a perforating device, punch holes through narrow paper ribbon. The holes on one side are for the dots and those on the other side for the dashes When the per- forated tape with its punched message is | ready for the transmitter it has three lines of neatly cut holes extending its en- tire length. The perforations of the out- side lines are spaced irregularly. but the smalier holes in the center are at regular intervals, for they ‘“feed” the tape through the transmitter. The tape, run- ng through the “mill,”" as the boys call he sending device, permits litile pins to work up through the holes. The pins, | | through a stem of levers, operate ‘‘con- tact points,” which open and close the | circuit each time a pin pops Its head | through a hole, and every time a contact makes a contact =ent over the w tion of time intervals between the pulses make the telegraphic dots, dashes and receiving end the instrument | rks the other way. In it the pulses | urrent energize electro-magnets whic | move an ink wheel or syphon pen up and down over a running paper tape, and the | ble on the ribbon. Typewriter operators | the Inked tape and transcribe the | ages on to ielegraph blanks. This | pletes the operation. | Up to the point where the pulses of | current arrive at the receiving end the | kingham system is like that just de- scribed, except that a different arrange- | ment of dots, dashes and spaces is used. Every one of the twenty-six letters and four punctuation characters printed by the “buck” requires six pulses of cur re! hree positive and three negative When the current pulses arrive at the “buck” they are somewhat weary with their long journey, but they have enough animation in reserve to “work” a ‘‘relay” which catches the fatigued pulsations and sends them forward with renewed life. This relay is an electro-magnet, so sensi- tive that even a feeble current is suffi- cient to energize it. As the recurring electrical pulsations magnetize and de- magnetize the relay its armature moves back and forth, faithfully reproducing the dots and dashes arriving from the far end of the line. The armature operates as circuit, and over this local circuit the pui- sations are led to a glass covered, m: terious affair, called a “sunflower’ cause it has six little switches or “eon- | tact points” that radiate from a stem | something ke the petals of the floral sunburst. The -sunflower” performs a most im- | portant office—it separates the groups of | current pulses into individual flashes of current, literally dissecting each letter | into its six parts and sending each part forward as an independent pulsation. Suppose the letter A, which in the Buckingham system is composed of a/| dash followed by two dots (—--) comes into the “sunflower.” It has six puises | of current, one for the dash, two for the dots, two for the spaces between the dash and the dots, and the last, or sixth, for the space following the letter. The group of pulsations is split up, each pulse going to one of the six contact points. Each point is a little switch, connected electrically with its “relay,” which in turn is in circult with an electro-mag- net under the printing device. The pulse of current for the dash in the letter A goes to the particular relay whose wire, springs, kind of winding, ete,, are so nicely proportioned and ad- justed that only a pulsation of the length and chardcter represented by -the dash will put it In actl On the instant the armature of the “dash” relay moves a current flashes around the connecting electro-magnet in the printing device. | That particular magnet moves a little steel arm, which in turn moves one of ; an pull backward and turn the type cylin- der. There are five levers with their five pairs of electro-magnets in the printing There are five of the relays magnets and levers which moves the type cylinder forward and twists it around un- til the right letter for that particul combination is under the hammer. comes the sixth pulse—always a long one. It actuates its magnet, the little hammer flies against the paper, and the dash and two dots assume tangible form in the of a purple colored A on the tele- blank. The message “written,” it | support. | think in saying that Lane’s set and thorough repudiation of ! painful to see him, at the dictation of the Examiner, stand | nature in which men who opposed and fought him fellow- THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1903. 'THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL Publication OffCe... ... .ceesrereesrs sonsennsassan @ .+....Third and Market Streets, 8. F. .OCTOBER 30, 1903 LANE UNLOADS McNAB. FRIDAY ...... R. LANE has furnished the surprise of the cam- M paign. He has publicly repudiated and unloaded Mr. McNab, He states in his unloading speech that he has not now and never had anything to do with McNab. To make his repudiation retroactive he declares that he was under no obligation to McNab for his nomination to the Governorship, and that he also nominated himself for Mayor. To further clinch it he shoves his self-adminis- tered purgative still further back and tells the story of his nomination for City Attorney, which he says he secured by getting pledges of a majority of the delegates his own seli. One part of the whole repudiatory revelation is of ingerest, for it makes it perfectly plain that Mr. Lane did not wait for any of the offices to which he has been nomi- nated or elected to seek him. He did not shy, side-step nor run and hide. Quite otherwise. He went out and hunted the office every time and ran it to cover and caught it, with- out any help from McNab or anybody else. He is the glow- worm of politics, and does not conceal himself, but lights his lantern and gleams in the political grass to attract the job which he covets. The Examiner has not only made this repudiation of Mc- | Nab necessary, but it is probably a condition of that paper’s In unloading McNab, and dumping him in the political go-down as so much chuckage, he loads up with the Examiner. ITe has not escaped a boss, but has merely traded bosses. and the people, when they vote, must give careful consideration to the exchange. Every citizen must make up his mind whether the city government will be cleaner and more decent if bossed by the Examiner instead of by Mr. McNab. It is not our affair, but we express what many gentlemen his friend McNab is an odious proceeding. It is known to every politician in the State that McNab was Lane’s wet- nurse in politics. He taught the young man the alphabet of politics, picked him up in his first political panties, led and nurtured him into knickerbockers and out of them into long trousers. If cver one man was under obligation to another Lane owes what he is to McNab. Therefore it is up and kick his friend in the face and break his political nose and treat him as a man of such ill repute that associa- It is a high price to pay for the office of Mayor, if it were possible for Lane to be elected. All men know of McNab's sturdy and steady friendship for the ambitious young man, and all who know it ieel that Mr. Lane has belittled himself by declaring that the Examiner's estimate of his friend is correct, and that he is properly on that paper's blacklist and is a man to be | shunned, > A man of spirit would not have done this. Mr. Lane | will never be a success i politics, and we fear that this | perfidy to his friend indicates his failure in everything, for it | 1s the first requisite to success that a man stick to his friends. | He may be mistaken in his estimate of them, but all men re- spect hime for fidelity to those who have befriended him. The politicians are aghast at this latest caper of Mr. Lane. We have had various bosses and syndicates of bosses in this city. They have worked politics, and in that work have done grievous and questionable things. They have all de- clined and passed to make room for others, but in the case of each his fidelity to his friends is remembered as a virtue that condoned many vices. It is noticed that even when Chris Buckley comes to town his walk through the streets is hindered by citizens, who greet him respectiully. They know he bossed us with a heavy hand and trod us with a hard heel, but that is forgotten, and men remember that, with it all, he was faithful to his friends. It is a virtue that he shares in common with men who never brought wrath upon them by bossing in politics, and is the one touch of tion with him is contaminating. ship him now. Mr. Lane puts himself in a class superior to Buckley, but we wish to remark that in this respect of fidelity to a friend he Buckley's inferior. McNab is denounced by the Examiner and blacklisted as a boss, but we know of no instance in which he has betrayed, belittled and repu- diated a friend. It is his fault that, as Mr. Lane’s school- master, guide, philosopher and friend in politics, he did not teach him fidelity to friends as the first essential to success. Perhaps he took Lane at his own estimate, and when he appraised himself as a gentleman regarded this quality of fidelity as a necessary element in that character. But he pays dearly for assuming that much, for now Lane butchers him to make an Examiner holiday. This proceeding makes Lane a preposterous candidate. It is the bending of his neck to the Examiner yoke, which even Phelan’s political muscle found a burden too heavy to bear. R —— The people of Seattle have been thrown into a chill | of dread by the discovery of a large quantity of dynamite secreted in one of the great railway depots of the town. The sooner that American police officials ferret out the hideous perpetrators of these monstrosities of crime and hunt them down as wild beasts the better. it will be. De- | struction to such demons is mercy. l the Presidential race next year a maiden stake and will run a colt, not expecting to win, but to make a juvenile record that will admit him to the track in 1908. With this | view Mr. Carter Harrison, called by his party paper, the Chicago Chronicle, “the mushy Mayor,” will try for the Presidential nomination next year, with the intention of making a record in his yearling form that will let him into the handicap of 1908. But that is Hearst’s plan, too, and he enjoys the advantage of being a member of Congress, and will be present right in the political center to put himself in shape for the race. Of course the nomination of either will be a confession that the party has no man fit for the Presidency now, but that it 'as ‘opes of having one later on in the century. The country will not be in sympathy with the proposed colt race, - A MAIDEN STAKE. T is now admitted by the Democracy that it will make | for it is trifling with a great matter. The people look upon the Presidency as too important to be treated as a kinder- garten affair. Parties are expected to name for that great candidacy seasoned and experienced men, whose claims rest upon their exalted character and their fitness now to deal with our vast domestic interests that converge upon the executive office, and with our international concerns, which now are planted in every capital and in every part of the world. All of the people would like to see the Democracy quit chewing its tongue and making strarge signs and nomi- fight for him on lines consistent with fidelity to the consti- tution and the public welfare. But to nominate Harrison or Hearst is to make a laughing stock of a party that has counted in its past leadership some of the most worthy of THE_ LAND FRAUDS. HERE is something suspicious in the effort to inflate T the land !raufls' into a gigantic measure. The holders of land scrip have an organized campaign to procure the repeal of all existing laws by which public land may pass into private ownership. If this is done the outstanding land scrip becomes very valuable, since by its location only can land be secured. The best way to procure the repeal of the land laws is by making the country believe that they are the means of fraud. To this end the preposterous theory is propagated that when an owner sells land that has been patented to him that act is evidence that his intentions were fraudulent! It is known that there are instances of mis- use of the land laws by the employment of dummies to make the entry and get the patents. But such misuse of the law. has occurred wherever there was public domain. Thé same sensational charges that are made now were made in all the older land States. It is undeniable that the laws may be guarded against misuse, and should be amended for that purpose._ It is also proper policy, if feasible, that desert and arid lands that may be irrigated under the Fed- eral law may be withdrawn from entry under any of the ex- isting laws and held in reserve for actual settlers 'when water is ready for them. This is necessary in order that the Governnmient may get its money back into the revolving fund, to be applied again to irrigation works. to safeguard the laws by wholesome amendment, or to carry out properly the irrigatidn policy of the Government, it is entirely unnecessary to lampoon the whole Western country and make the Eastern people believe that we are a nest of thieves. Sensational newspapers, in the interest of the scrippers’ raid, have been parading tens of millions of dollars as the amount involved in the frauds now under examination. the Secretary of the Interior says that a comprehensive examination by experts has resulted in finding that only a million acres needs to be investigated for fraud. Such cases are constantly under examination, and a percentage of these to which public attention has been recently called are not of recent origin. The rights of the Government never lapse, and the statute of limitations does not run against sovereignty, and these land cases lie for years in the hands of the frand division of the General Land Office until they can be efficiently examined. sition to clear them up, and the well-known views of the President upon righteous administration satisfy the people that he will see to it that the truth is known and the guilty are punished. Austria and Russia have announced their. purpose to control absolutely the measures designed to. bring peace, contentment and respect for the laws in Macedonia, a pro- ceeding to which Turkey naturally voices a most emphatic protest. As Austria and Russia did nothing to stop the Macedonians and the Turks in their murderous assaults upon one another, it is nothing more than fair that the victor should dictate the terms upon which the vanquished must keep the peace. s ———azrr e TIES AND PULP. T pulp and railroad ties is alone sufficient to exhaust them within one lifetime from this date. Each day's issue of American newspapers requires the destruction of square , miles of forest. The paper-makers have ceased to explore and experiment with other sources of supply. The processes for reducing trees to paper are so perfected and the reduction is so convenient and so profitable that it is safe to say that no effort will be made to seek another supply untij this is exhausted. What is needed is the discovery of something that makes an annual crop, from which paper may be manu- HE demand upon our American forests for paper factured. Trees are a century crop, ‘and when destroyed | that source for all present, practical purposes permanently disappears. If science could take an annual crop, for stance the corn stover, the stalks of that plant, and, digesting the silicate in them, produce a paper pulp, enormous bulk of vegetable matter, now used only for different fodder for animals, would be found equal to entire demand for paper, and the corn-growers would add to the profits of that érop. But, as far a% known, no one is seeking a substitute for wood pulp. The page on which this is printed was only recently part of a green tree, growing in the forest, with flowers blooming in its shade and birds singing in its branches. The transformation is in- an in- ithe work of only a few hours, Recently in a German wood pulp factory a test of speed | was made in the conversion of a standing tree into a printed newspaper. bark was peeled and the wood sawed into 12-inch cuts, split, put into the defibrators, whence they issued as pulp, which was sent to the vat and passed to the paper machine; at 9:34 a. m. the roll of paper was finished. The whole process from standing tree to paper ready for the press consumed only one hour and fifty-nine minutes. The paper roll was carried two and a half miles to a printing office, and at exactly 10 o'clock appeared a fully printed newspaper, making just two hours and twenty-five minutes from the tree to a paper ready for the mail! As long as the raw ma- terial is in sight for such rapid reduction it is perhaps use- less to expect a substitute. American railroads use annually 110,000,000 ties to re- place those that are worn out, to say nothing of the de- mands for new construction: There is no substitute for a wooden tie. Metal, stone and conerete have been tried, but they present an unyielding resistance that finally dis- integrates them and is reflected in the wear and breakage of the metal parts of the cars. Mr. Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture, is conducting ex- periments to increase the life of railroad ties. His forestry bureau expects to be able to suggest chemical treatment, at low cost, that will double the durability of the wood. As each year added to the life of ties saves 110,000,000 ties, it will be seen that the life lease of the timber to supply that many ties js correspondingly extended. This effort of the Secretary. reveals the all-round qse!nlnus of scientific for- estry, which is directed to preserving what forests we have, to planting more timber, and to increasing the durability of timber after it has been reduced to economic uses. We may hope that as a further measure in the interest of forest preservation the Secretary of Agriculture may stimulate the scarch for an annual crop that will take the place of wood pulp in the production of paper. e——— The interesting fact has developed that by bequest of a gentleman recently deceased William Jennings Bryan has been made richer by $50,000. It is perhaps not amiss either to observe that Mr. Bryan received $300 for drafting the in which he is so generously considered. Under cer- W k\hyu-y ni-tnt;tht Mr. Bryan finds that o O will tain But in order | { though he found it,’ said the galoot, ‘and But | There is now a proper dispo- | by | | We haven't had anything to eat The trees were felled at 7:35 a. m., the | | ! journed to a neighboring saloon. i i i | Americans make the same error. educated Englishman the sense of humor | assimilate even 1 | little one,” Until the Last. “Just before election,” said a promi- nent politiclan at his club last night, “there was a conference between certain political forces in the city to attempt a coalition to defeat a certain man for of- fice. It was for a minor office, so names do not matter. There were friends of two candidates preseiit, and after a long discussion it was decided to throw all our strength to one of them in order to beat the third man in the race. Among those who earnestly upheld his candidate during the discussion. but was finally outvoted, was a fine old fellow who once owned cattle in New Mexico. 4 “This puts me in a bad position,” he said as he left the meeting. “‘It makes me look like a traitor to my friend.” “But you did all you could for him." mome one urged. ‘“We must beat this third fellow and your man had to be sac- rificed.” - “Well,” he said, “it reminds me of & story’of a horse thief they hanged down in New Mexico in the early days. He had to be hanged, because he did steal horses, and after the operation was properly performed the committee ad- ‘There some galoot under the influence of bad whisky began to recount the virtues of the deceased. “‘He spent all the money he stole as he never seen nobody go hungry or thirs- ty when he had his gun.’ “Under this urging the committee be- came remorseful. They rounded up a carpenter., who sawed out a headboard from a dry goods box, and they woke up the only painter in the town to decorate it. Then the committee framed an epi- taph which read. “‘Here lies Six-Shooter Smith. This monument ig erected by his friends. We was with him to the last.” “That's the way I feel about my posi- tion toward the canmdidate you fellows turned down to-night. I was with him | to the last.” Weak in His Defense. Dr. R. B. Irones, surgeon of the Occi- dental and Oriental steamship Coptic, was discussing with a distinguished traveler from the court of King Edward the peculiarities of the English sense of humor, “No. doctor,” said the man from Lon- don as he lolled back in the liner's smok- ing-room. “you are mistaken. All you In the is peculiarly keen. Scotsmen are a lit- tle slow I wilt admit. You know the old story about it requiring a surgical ope- ration to:get a joke through a Scots- man's head.” “I understand that the Scot has gone on record as admitting the imputation, but qualifying his admission by limiting the difficulty to an English joke.” “Oh, doctor, you are too severe. All joking aside, however, you are utterly | mistaken in your ideas of our ability to American humor.” “Can’t convince me,” reiterated the doctor. “I meet lots of your countrymen and it has been my experience that to make an Englishman see a joke one has ;3 y!.!l it in a shotgun and shoot it into m 3 “Now, my dear fellow. you're gettin; absurd. You cawn’t put a joke in a shotgun, you know.” Heart of a Policeman. A big policeman walked into the Cen- | tral police station about 11 o'clock one night leading by the hand a pretty lttle girl about 5 vears of age. She was plainly but neatly dressed and her big blue eyes were swimming in tears. “I found this lttle girl on the stree-,” said the big policema:. on duty. “She was crying and when 1 asked her what was the matter she sald she was look ing for her mother.” “Do you know where my mamma is?" she said as she looked up into the ser- geant's face. “She went away this morn- ing an’ tole me to.look after my Ilitfle brother Willie and she -hasn't come back. since morning, an' we're so told scared. I | Willie to be good and I would go out and the | find mamma. Willle's home waitin"."” The sergeant asked her what was her | mother's name and she told him. “Where's your father?” asked the ser- geant, and she replied, “Papa’s dead.” The sergeant spoke a word to the po- | liceman, who thereupon stepped out into the dark by the back door, which cpens into the Morgue. He returned bringing a woman's jacket, soggy and dank with the bay's water which still dripped from she and cried Oh, take my mamma. it. - When the child saw the jacket clapped her hands with joy out: “That's mamma’s jacket. me to her. You've got Where is she?” “You can't see vour mamma to-night, said the sergeant as a big lump rose in his throat. “You and little ‘Willle will see her to-morrow.” Bacon—To what family of vegetables does the onion belong? Egbert—1 don’t think it belongs to any family. 1 think it's & rank outsider.— Yonkers Statésman. General Chaffee’s Grit. “Looks count for very little.” said the pretty woman pouring tea to a group of society women the other @ay. “The most perfect gentleman I ever knew was one of the ugliest men I have ever séen close- ly. There was a rugged strength about his face that suggested blood and force. It was seamed and scarred by exposure and famillarity with sights that leave in- effaceable traces of suffering and dejec- tlon which remain even when honors and wealth offer their recompenses for past experiences. ““This man had been a common soldier make the perfect soldier. His greatest commission was during the slege of the legations in Peking. When he was re- lieved from duty he came to San Fran- cisco and I included him :n a dinner in- vitation to my house. of my first big dinners. Naturally I was nervous. We were served with a salad and I was chatting away with the man next to me, 'Nfll'lgflilflm s sure you, madam,’ he raid, ‘it was the most delightful salad I ever atel Long Distance Sympathy. The Hen. “Champ” Clark is fond of telling the following story of an old friend of his, who, in his home in Jeffe son City, enjoys a local reputation f grim humor, says the New York Tribune. The old gentleman in question is the possessor of a large fortune, which he has accumulated by much hard work and the closest attention to business. He has a son whom he wished to train up in his father’s business. But the boy was set upon leaving home and seeing the world. So he procured a position in Chicago. He soon lost the job, however, and in a short. while found himseif without means of livelihood. Then he telegraphed to his father for money—in fact he sent several urgent messages of this sort over the wire—but to his appeals he received no answer. Finally, in desperation, the son of the rich man telegraphed his father in these words: “You won't see me starve, will you The old man's answer came thus: “No! Not from this distance!” Then, says Mr. Clark, the boy decided to go home and work on his father's farm. Pistol Pete—How much to marry us, parson? Rev. Bill Blood (looking them over)— Oh! I reckon 3 cents will—er—say, do you want all the frills throwed in—kissin’ the bride an’ all that? Pistol Pete—Sure! Rev. Bill Blood—Ten dollars.—Philad phia Ledger. Breaking the Lazw. Again it was Sunday. Again Sergeant Zellers, with Patrolmen Ray and Ewmrich, were going up Madison avenue. They were passing a grocery. Suddenly Emrich halted. “Hist!" he exclaimed. The others stopped and listened. They heard nothing. “What is it?"" asked Sergeant Zellers. “I think there is some work going on inside,’” replied Emrich Cautiously they tip-toed to a side win- dow and peered in. Emrich was right. Just instde the window sat & vinegar barrel.—Baltimore American. Answers to Queries. DISTANCE—Feacer, City. The distance by rail from Albuquerque to El Paso is 20 miles. CALLA-C. W., Vallejo, Cal. In the language of flowery, a calla lily means magnificent beauty. BACK DATES—A. F., City. May 3, 1547, fell on Monday, June 24, same year on a Thursday, and May 18, 1577, on a Friday. HIS TITLE—Subscriber, City. The offi- cial title of the sovereign of Germany is Wilhelm II, German Emperor and King of Prussia. TEXAS UNIVERSITY—A. 8, City. W L. Prather, LL.D., is the head of the fac- ulty of the University of Texas, located at Austin, Texas. EXPLOSIVES—Subscriber, City. There are a number of liquids that if mixed will explode. This department has not the space to give each combination. PHARAOH'S HORSES—H., Oakland, Cal. A corresponident lnforms this de- partment that the picture known as “Pha- raoh's Horses” was painted by John F. Herring, a noted English painter of ani- mals. POSTAL -RECBIPT—Subscriber, Oak- land, Cal. The receipts at the New York postoffice during the flscal year ending June 30, 192, were $11,670,877 10, and in San ;;:nclzco during the same perfod $1.201,- 0. RAISING THE RENT-R.. City. A landlord who desires to increase the rent of a month to month tenant must give due notice of intentlon of doing so, not less than fifteen days. It is customary to give thirty days’ notice. FINAL PAPERS-J. A. R., Crockett Cal. When an allen who having taken out his first papers appears before a court of competent jurisdiction in the United States for his final papers, it must appear to the satisfaction of the court that the applicant made declaration to become a citizen at least two years before applying for final papers and that he resided for at least five years continuously in the United States and one year in the State or Terrl- tory in which iIs located the court in which he makes application. If an alien took out his first papers in 1392, resided in the United States until 1%0. then went to Australia and returned in 1%2. he can ob- tain his second papers if he can establish the fact that he lived continucusly in the United States for more than five years. Answers — October 15 npt BUSINESS CAREER—A. Y. M., City. The question “What do you consider the elements of success for a young man about to enter upon a business career? is answered by the words of Marshall Field ‘when asked a similar question: “A young man should carefully consider what his natural bent or inclination is, be it busi- ness or profession; in other words take stock of himself and ascertain, if possible, what he is best adapted for and endeavor