The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, October 25, 1903, Page 6

1s of negroes in Africa, I am not unmindful of the benefits derived by us from the white ¥ce. learned work, a and can go no far must set up our own government elsewhere Of course I cannot approve the murders and lynchings which have taken place for the last thirty years. even aside from these conditions no sensible man can envy the negro his lot in te man from $100 to $500 a day to hlacken their faces and undergo for a few mely, to attempt to go to first-cl hotels, restaurants and business lot to receive. So far I have found no white man w sther illustration: mngton: st important lesson, and we have been shown the graces-of civilization. er, because there are laws and prejudices that hold us back in America. THE SUNDAY CALL. ) #\‘ views on emigration 2. are 80 pronounced g > written about noth- that they are well un- ing else for the past thirty years. Iy is BizHor H2F TURNER derstood; certainly true that a great many of my race do 2——S% 4 THINK that my 6’ I have talked and not agree with me as to my solution of the race question. The few leaders of our race who are preachers and teach- ers or are settled in comfortable berths naturally say, “Stay. where you are.” But the negro demands a national life. Why did the colonists leave England? Because they. were op- pressed—they wanted freedom, nation- ality. The result is that they have built the greatest country in the world. The negroes can and must do likewise. If every negro in America were a teacher or a preacheg there would still be a shortage of preachers and teachers to impart civilization to the They are vast, inestimable. We have But we have gone so far If we are to advance we . { But America. I have offered many days what the negro does all his es and receive a' few of the insults g to take the jab. A prominent Senator, whose name I do not care to mention, said to me a “Turner, your ideas about emigration are all wrong. The negroes ought to stay among us and work.. America is the place for them.” After a pause the Senator added with a smile: opinion—the question as looked at from the white man’s side, for we really want and need you here. A foreign laborer would probably face about and fight. Yes. as a white man I think the nigger ought to stay in America, but if I were one I'd get out of is cheap and when the boss curses you you simply smile. sundown.” These are a few of the reasons why negroes should go to Africa. eight years a missionary to that so-called dark country. Its soil is adapted to every form of agriculture. No white men are there except a few who have married negro women. there is a full Senate and House of Representatives and Cabinet officials. and all products except wheat grows abundantly. ural resources and liberty to develop them. Now what does It is immense in its resources and has climates to suit every There are now 37,000 civilized negroes in Liberia, A negro is President The lands sell from § cents to $10 an acre It is the ideal country for a negro—a country which offers nat- white man’s Your work his, of course, is the America before Africa offer? 1 was for of the republic and American negroes are steadily going there—from three to ten negroes a weck are leaving the ports of New York, Boston and Baltimore. In 1878 a shipload was sent from Charleston, and three vears ago two others were sent by the Liberian Colonial Association of Birmingham. So far as I know, none of these cqlpnists have evinced a desire to return. The Colored National Emigration and Commercial Aséociation, of which I am treasurer. has already raised $26,000 for emigration purposes. When we have raised $100,000 we shall buy a ship, which will ply between Amer- ica and Africa, carrying on its trip to Africa colored emigrants, and on its return bringing back African products to be sold in America. help toward the solution of the race problem In this way the enterprise will prove a money-making investment. as well as a satisfactory The work is progressing slowly, but, I think, steadily and surely. We meet obstacles, of course—some of our colored brothers say they will patronize our ship when it is built, but are unwilling to contribute to the building of it. Booker Washington and I do not agree, but whenever I go to his town he tells me to speak to the people in amy own way. He is a man of great conservatism and good sense, though he He has done a big work in Tuskegee. But, to repeat myself, I believe the future of the negro race lies in independence. speech made by John Temple Graves at Chautauqua, N. Y. The races must be separated. Boston and Chicago element of the negroes has made enemies among the Therefore T agree with the It is also my belief that Providence sent slaves to America that the negro might learn the value of work and become imbued with civiliza- tion; returning later to Af_x"ica to save the millions of their savage brethren. negro demands national life. The time for the return has come. The He is at last prepared for it, but will never have it so long as he stays in America. CAPT: HORACL I 7OLFR = EV ENTY-FIVE b miles from Guam, one of the new pos- sessions of the United \ ) States, there is a Igfi/[. small island, one of ! = the group of the La- drones, known as Tinian, the others being Farallon de Pajaros, Assump- tion, Agugan, Pajan, Alamagan and Gugan. This island, which is inhab- ited by Tagals who immigrated from the Philippines very many years ago, is known to every whaler as a place where fresh provisions can be obtained and there is a good supply of water § there. Beyond these facts but little is known by the civilized-nations about the island. Whalers'as a rule are not explorers or discoverers, and they have never taken the trouble to see ‘what § there was on the island except that there was that which they needed. On one of my whaling trips.I dropped an- chor off the northwest side of the island ; to get fresh supplies and decidgd to go ashore and have a chat with the natives and to learn the lay of the land. I kanded in a small shelving cove to the right of which there is a small village of thatched huts, the Governor’s house, a little more pretentious as ta; size, but of the bamboo and straw construction, and beyond that the village church, standing on what I call stilts.; After having had a pleagant chat with the Govemor,_ a descendant of old Spain, I started on a tour oftexamination of the island for exercise and pleasure. It was while on that tour that I made a discovery on a plateau about half a mile from the village of something that I never expected to find and which I have never been able to learn anything about. What I discovered were twelve stone monoliths, four -of which are still standing. The pillars are of uniform shape and size, being twelve feet in height, with one face six feet in width and the other four feet. Those ti standing rest on a circular stone ‘disc, one foot in thickness and eight feet in diameter or twenty-four feet in ci ference. In each of the discs, from-which the pillars have fallen, whether from the effects of earthquakes or o causes I cannot say, theré is an eight-inch square opening, evidently cut to receive a dowel %o keep ecach pill in pesition. ¢ : F These twelve pillars had been erected in the form of a parallelogram at equal distances apart, they occupying along the sides a djstance of sixty feet and being thirty feet apart at the ‘widest. On the top of those that are stand ing there is an immense stone vase in the shape of a_tea-cup. These vases are eight feet in height and ten feet in diameter at the top. - Each is hollowed out and there is evidence to prove that they were filled with earth and that in them grew shrubs aid trees that attained a height of }wenty feet. 3 ¢ i ¢ The monoliths are black with age, but when I chipped off several pieces from those that were dismantled I dis- covered that they are of sandstone. They were cut with great accuracy and set up with precision in straight lines, showing that whosoever put them up were masters of the mechanical arts and of applied mechanics. For let me tell you the pillars:weigh no less than six and a half tons and the vases four tons. : The stone is entirely different from any that there is on the island, which is limestone and granite, showing conclusively that they were brought there, but wherefrom or by whom is what I have been trying to discover, There is no such stone on any of the islands of the Ladrones group, nor is there any even at Guam. The island is fertile a nds in tropical fruit. 3 d‘?I?:e nsati\'es ai;: neither mechanics nor artisans, as may be gathered from the style of houses they build, and they themselves say that they are not hewers of stone and that their ancestors were not. None of the natives, not even the Governor, coulgd tell anything about these monoliths. All they could say was that they had always there, because their fathers, grandfathers, great-grandfathers .and great-great-grandfathers }!ag‘l_all said so. % 1 suggested that if one of the stones and vases with the disc were removed to some civilized center possibly something could be learned about them. The Governor told me that I could have them all if I would only take them away, as that would give so much more for cultivation. They are in the way and the natives do not know how to move them. The natives also say that there is no legend about them. The people of Guam heard of these monoliths, but could not tell anything about them and did not seem to care to interest themselves in the matter. That the stones were cut by professional hewers of stone there can be no doubt, but who cut them, who transported them to an island where there is at this time no evidence of an advanced civilization, and what was the purpose of bringing them to the island and taking them bdf a mile inland and erecting them where some still stand, are questions that suggested themselves to me, but I received no more satisfaction than has been accord- ed to those who asked who it was that built the Pyramids of Egypt. . . 3 : They certainly are not the ruins of a Druidic temple, for all such were circular in form, and there is nothing visible in the shape of sacrificial altars, nor is there anything to show that there ever was a city or town on the island been MANAGING SMALL CHILDREN BY. +Sixth Talk by Wm. J. Shearer.A.M. Ph. D."l"-— i 5—4 ANY mothers, and not a few fathers, endeavor to manage their children by aid of tricks, and by other means which will enable them to avoid direct conflicts with their chil- dren. In this way they hope to secure compliance with their wishes without unpleasantness. ferent room those to be left behind. Sometimes they will tell de- Jiberate untruths as to where they are (going. At other times they may pretend to be going one place and fully intend to go to another. The parents who make use of such methods should not expect to be held in re- spect by their children. Not only will a child soon learn to look with positive distrust upon everything the parent says or does, but the disappointment will be so much increased that it will scarcely ever be forgotten. Worse than all, the children will be trained in habits of deceit and falsehood, so that irreparable injury will be done. Parents who have used such means in the management of their children will acknowledge that not only did the children soon discover the deceit, but also that in a short time they become more successful than their parents in reaching desired ends by means of artifices, if not by positive falsehoods. Management by Reason. Other parents regularly rely upon managing their children by giving rea- sons for their actions. Before these parents have gone far they discover that they have little time for anything else. The children will soon insist upon having explanations at every point. Very soon the parents discover that such a method of management is as impracticable as the method by artifice. The probability is that, becoming thoroughly disgusted with them- selves and this method, they will suddenly change to some more stren- uous plan. There are times when reasons may and should be given; but, without doubt, it is a great mistake for parents to give children grounds for expecting reasons whenever they see fit to insist upon them, As before stated, others will object because they wish to govern the children by reason. Such are unmindful of the fact that judgment is de- pendent upon other faculties, and is therefore the last to develop. It is generally acknowledged that a child 10 years old may have strength enough to earn a living, but the law does not consider his reason sufficiently devel- oped to trust him to himself until he is 21 years old. Not only is it a duty of a parent to support a child until he can support himself, but it is equally binding upon the parent to give a child the benefit of the parent’s mature judgment. To expect a young child to provide nourishment for himself is just as reasonable as to think that he should furnish-reason for his own guidance and direction. The question which naturally arises in the mind of every thoughtful pa- o that might have been inhabited by modern civilized people. he did for the parent who, in all kindness, but with much firmness, required —( him to comply implicitly with his directions? Many parents who read upon this subject may express doubt as to the s "\Vhen shall I give reasons?” This is not an easy question to answer. As before stated, there are times when reasons should be given. There are other times when reasons should not be given. It is very doubtful if a reason should be given to a young child when the question of obedience is pending, if offered as an inducement to procure obedience. After the child has done as requested is a good time to call the child and explain why some- thing was insisted upon. If done in the proper spirit it will make matters much more satisfactory in the future. Again, it may sometimes be found best to give reasons to an older child of strong will for the purpose of help- ing the child to come to a correct decision concerning something which has been left to the child to decide. No young child should ever feel that he has a right to demand a reason of a parent. Management by Harshness. Most of us know that the parent who strives to manage a child by tricks or simply by reason will soon find these methods altogether unsatisfactory. Unkindness, scolding, harshness, threats, injudicious punishments and, other ill-considered methods will soon take the place of government by artifice and reason. That these last mentioned methods are used by many all must admit. That they are not proper none will deny. Those who have endeavored to manage their children by any of the methods mentioned will need no argument to convince them that they have made a mistake. Happy the parent who, before it is too late. realizes the fact that the only parental government which is worthy of the name is that founded upon absolute, unquestioned authority. In the training of children the first duty of the parent is the establishment of authority over them. Very early each child should discover the absolute necessity of obeying the wish of the parent. Very early the habit of complying with the parent’s de- mands should be firmly fixed. .'Son}: will object because they wish to use nothing but gentle means with their children. Their intentions are good. The great effort of all parents should be to manage their children by such measures. However, parents will soon find that it is impossible to manage children by gentle means un- less they first secure absolute authority over their children. Let this be se- cured and there need be no trouble thereafter. Thus alone can they ever realize their desire to secure the desired end by gentle measures. N . Others object to governing by absolute authority because of the belief that thus the parent may lose the child’s love. Above all things parents do- and should desire to forever keep the warm love of their children. The love which a-thild feels toward a parent will depend, in great measure, upon the sympathy shown in their joys and sorrows. This love will not only not be lost, but it will most certainly be more firmly established by the exercise of a kind, just, absolute authority. What person can remember a case of .a child’s caring more for a parent who permitted him to do as he pleased than truth of the statement that if taken in time most of the very worst children could have been managed quite easily. It seems hardly possible to them that a child possessing an unusually great supply of nervous energy, sometimes of a very troublesome disposition, at other times very stubborn, and once in a while showing signs of absolute insubordination, could eyer have been reached by any but the harshest methods of management. However, there is but little if any doubt that the most gentle measures would have proven perfectly satisfactory had they been tried in time, and followed with firmness and perseverance. L f proper care is taken during the first years there will be no cause to worry about the rest. If this time is lost it will be regained only with dif: ficulty. After these years the parent will need to be the lighthouse to guide away from hidden dangers. Children Despise Their Parents. The parent who fails to govern his child is apt not only to lose the child’s love, but also to teach the child to despise him. d it is, yet too true, that in a very short time children will understand the weakness of a parent. and utterly despise the one who cannot manage even a child. As such children grow older they will grow unmanageable, and will hold in supreme con- tempt a lovingl parent who has sacrificed parental authority in the hope of winning the child’s love. In later years, when, perhaps, the mother has gone from them, children will begin to feel gratitude for her self-sacrificing love, and contempt will turn to pity. Then they may say, “Poor mother; she tried to manage us, but she was too kind.” Let it not be'forgotten that the parent who fails to govern a child loses the child's respect, wins his contempt when young, and its pity when older. Since this is so, surely no parent should hesitate to strive to bring his child under absolute authority by gentle means, if possible, but by some medns without fail. One great cause of trouble is that parents do not fully realize the impor- tance of beginning eafly enough. They say they do not wish to interfere, with the child’s freedom. They say they w it to be perfectly natural. They are probably unmindful of the fact that the child naturally passes “~through the severalustages of civilization thréugh which the race has passed. Left to himself he would probably take several ages for his passage through the savage, half-civilized and enlightened stages. Because of the influence of parents and others he is expected to pass quite rapidly through the first * stages. Parents should appreciate the importance of beginning early, in or- * der that they may help the child to almost entirely skip the first two stages. Too often the child is permitted to do just as he pleases for months or even years. Though childhood is the time for freedom, under some circum- stances, it is of all times the one time when training can be made most ef- ective. This being the case, parents should appreciate the importance of beginning at the beginning.