The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, July 21, 1903, Page 4

5 *THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, TUESDAY, JULY 21, 1908. R DEATH OF LEO XIII SEALS A RECORD OF SIXTY SIX YEARS OF SERVICE TO THE CHURCH HE RULED gt HIS NATIVE TOWN THE BIRTHPLACE OF THREE OTHER POPES The Pontiff’s Academical Triumphs | Stamp Him as a Scholar at Nineteen. —_—— Zeal Shown as Priest, Bishop and Cardinal Win Him the Triple Crown. B — birt 1L Bon X11 Greg d a scholar the third dec: caict the purple t us ‘and who g P caune e sense rned his mind to a serious, view of r As Governor of Benevento. In 1538 ne was sent to govern the Dele- created se province in consequence 1 of the prelate the peopie were rised at the ability, energy and prudence displayed by Peccl, and were brought to acknowledge bs. wielioss 52 M intment. He was scourge of brigandage, terror to the pog ent o. ext lawry was 1 reri fact that the cutlaws made 2 rendezvous of the mountains sep- ting the Roman province of Benevents the Neopolitan dominion, and in the of pursuit cou.d e rs by simply crossi ithstanding y evace thelr g the horder. is obstacle, Peccl, * aggressive policy, energy and per- ce, succeeded in thoroughly exter. rom Benevento Peccl was transferred to the important province of Perugia, where he conducted himself with similar boldness and integrity. He was then nom- ted to be Apostolic Delegate at Spoleto, but never entered on_that charge, for he was dispatched to Brussels in 1843 to act &s Nuncio to Belgium. At the same timo was created Archbishop of Damiata in partibus infidellum. Leopold II was much pleased with Pecci during the three years he served as Nuncio, and ‘when, from ili ealth, Peccl resigned from that office, -copold II gave him a letter to the Pope, which he begged his Holiness {0 create Pecct a Cardinal. Gregory XVI did not mmediately comply with this request, but he gave Peccl the tishopric of Perugis and 2 promise made by letter of Lam bruschini, Secretary of State, to give him @ Cardinal’s bat after a few years' time. em. ating from | was made Bishop of Perugia in Jan- d in a tew months Gregory It has been falsely said that Pec and that Pius IX deleyed seven years be- shed that creation. % But 1 created in petto takes pre- the date of his creation, not . and Pius IX had no delay in the publica- rdinal created in petto by . nor was Pius IX bound omise made by Gregory ishop of Perumia Peccl acquired a ation for zeal, d his fare was constantly ex- City. He labored tc e the doctrines and the schools for clergy and people, not only in ec- tical m but also in all nches of knowlelge. » the Holy His Selection as Successor to Pope Pius December 1853, Pecel was O created Cardinal. On July § 1877 he succeeded Cardinal de Angells or High Cham- urch. In ved the same 1 charac with ot the inection ilgated th: perso s und id hold them- ereto. This seve the city of Rome nion his probable ate were material- Vatican sho and t In real- s reputation of the career of Cardirai Peccl had been keen interest by Ratazzi rmed an accurate estimate of a letter to his wife be wrote- d with f succeeding to the Papacy uld die before the Pope, is Is Cardinal Pecct, the Archbishor E ion is that the »f Cardinal Pccel to the Pontifi- not produce status quo. This a man of undeniable merit, who caused me Tuch thought, and d my would the present m occupied my mind.” R expectations concernihg Peccl wer ized. Antoazili died, and Plus IX February 7, Pecci is capacity Camerlengo, d as head of the church in temporal , made the arrangements for the s of Pope W him on as mat obsequ. Catholic embassadors and superintended the preparations for the conclave. Sixty- als attended the conclav: s held February 18, 1878. The Sacred College was divided Info two par- s. One called the “Zealots” was led by Cardinal Billio, and the second, the *Moc- erates,” by Cardinal Pecci. Is Chosen Pope. There were three ballotings, which, | on good authorit as follows: | First ballot—Cardinal Pecci, 17 vote: Cardinal Billio, § votez; Cardinal di Lucc Cardinai Fercieri, 4 votes, Cardi- 4 votes, Cardinal Monaco de the rest scattering. rdinal Pecci, 35 votes. exceeded six votes. gained two votes, 5 votes: etta, 4 votes Dallot—: other Cardinal Cardinal Martinelli making three for this baliot. Third ballot—Cardiaal Pecci, #4 voter. The remaining votes were distributed as follows: 11 were given to Cardinal r , 3 to Cardinal Mertel, 2 to Cardi- Simeoni, 1 to Cardinai Bonaparte and Cardinal Ledokowskt. end of this ballot Cardinals Franchi and Billio rose and with their nts knelt before the Camerlengo. one followed this example, and Car- Peccl, baving already received two es beyond the necessary majority, was elected Pove. The Monsignor who stepped up to him nnounced the result at the same e offered his Holiness the customary white silk skull cap, worn by the Supreme | Pontiff alone. Now, according to imme- rial etiquette, the newly elected Pope nould have presented the messenger with the red silk cap he had until then worn, and so elevated the bearer of good ws to the dignity of Cardinal. Peccl, »wever, merely accepted the new cap | and put the old one into his own pocket. | Then he was asked by what title he would like to be proclaimed. ‘“What saint’s day is it?” he replied. *“St. Leo’s.” *“Then proclaim me as Leo XIIL" Concerning His Modesty. Cardinal de Bonnechose used to tell this story of the conclave: *Cardinal Pecci, gv«)m the previous evening had received nct the | as ihie largest number of votes, was, on that Wednesday morning, pale and agitated. He went to one of the members of the Sa- | erec College, in whom he had every confi- dence, and said to him before the opening of the ballot: ‘I cannot restrain myself; 1 feel the necessity of speaking to the Sacred College: 1 fear it may commit an error. People have given me the repu- tation of a learned doctor; I am believed Lo be a savant; I am not. 1 am supposed to have the qualities necessary to be a Pope; I have not. That is what I wish to say to the Cardinals.’ Fortunately, his *i a Cardinal in petto | prudence and | is a man who ras, in my opinlon, | much | 1872, | recelved the | , are sald to have been | Pope as He Appeared in Sedan Chair in Datican Gardens. tl 3o irterlocutor replied: ‘As to your doctrine, you have not to judge of it, but us: as to s for the Papacy, God knows him He obeyed, and soon, the number of votes given to him having exceed the two-thirds of the total, he was named Pope.’ Magnificent Ceremonial at His Coronation your qualit them, but HE coronation of his Holiness Pope n the Si rmed . pomp and cir- | formerly atten cerem E Peter's 1t ic, finasmuch as t limted space did not permit gen admission, and for the same reason no tickets were issued. The Sala Ducale | was fitted up as a chapel, and the Pauline Chapel prelim| narv portions of the cergmonial form arranged for those was performed in the Clementine and other chapels of St. Peter's before the Pope went up to tle high altar to be crowned The ceremony W ended by all the Embassadors and Ministers accredited to the Holy See, with their ladies and suites; | by all the Roman nobility counted among the faithful the Duke and Duchess of | Parma and sulte, who occupled the royal trib nd by the three fou dred ladfes and gentlemen, as mar as filled all the tribunes .without ing. At 9:30 o'clock his Hol ed by the Pontifical Court, the College of | Cardinals and a large number of bishops by crowd- {and other ecclesiastical dignitaries, en- | tered the Sala Ducale, wearing a gold | miter. Having taken his seat on the throne erected there, he received homage | from the cardinal: and, rising, pro- nounced the words Sit nomen Domini benedictum,”” giving the first benediction. The preliminary ceremonies being com- | pleted the procession formed and passed out into the Sala Regia to the Pauline | Chapel, and thence again through the Sala | Regia to the Sistine. As the Pope and his cortege came through the great door from | the Sala Ducale into the Sala Regia, they formed a group far exceeding in magnifi- cent effect anything. of the same kind ever seen in St. Peter's in past times. Having descended from the sedia gesta- | toria in the middle Sistine Chapel, the Pope, dfter a brief prayer, commenced the | introit of the mass, which on this occa- | ston is celebrated by ‘him. Crowning the Pope. Cardinal Deacon placed a gold miter on ) Leo XIII has worn the triple crown, and | the Pope’'s head, and he ascended the | that, excepting Prince Bismarck, no lay- | stood as of old on a dals at | man in Europe has sh | throne, which the left side. then recited the custo! The first Cardinal Bishop | the most delicate dip three pravers | as the late Pope. over him, after which he arose and, going knelt on the step. to the foot of the altar while the first Cardinal his tiara and the with & pontifical pallium Pape reas Sacred College and present went up to pay cended throne, the him homage. the Deacon removed second ‘invested him This done, the when the ecclesiastics Cardinals kissing his foot and_his hand | and recelving from him brace. The act of crowning The Bishops right knee and others his foot only. mass then proceeded the mass the Pc | front of the al paratively simple sisting as deacon nounced over him e gav ar and { throne to receive the tlara Cardir e the X mass, a praver, the kissed 1 E his rromeo first double em- foot and | "Phe At the conclusion of | nediction in 1 returned to the the Pope was com- pro- The second Cardinal Deacon then removed the miter from his head, and the first placed the tiara upon it. Leo XIII then rose and, wearing the flara on his head, raised his arms aloft and gave benediction. After the benediction he left the throne for the and, carrfed aloft upcn d The late ss, attend- | ¢jon ¢ imp the; | around Po sl gestatoria 1l wearing the tiara. he blessed with | hand, waving it first to the one side n to the other, s he was borne to the chapel Moderate Policy. tiff Pope first acts after his eleva- those kneeling of hell could not prevail the Papacy produced a favorable on, bey e they denoted an en- lightened mind and a character at once { firm | matters bled an. in d moderate. compromised and gravely He various parts of the very day bis advent to the throne of Russia Germany, lection, found the globe. was anxious to end the crisis. of his el religious trou- He Thus, on in notifying to the Cabinets Switzerland and Bra- zil, he took the initiative in favor of con- dignity. to settle the | Leo XIIT prudently pointed out the urg- ent necessity of ending this dispute. | etifation and formally expressed a desire | to smooth the difficulties which disturbed the peace religious. Toward the Itallan Government the at- titude of Leo XIIT was full of reserve and He was apxious conflict concerning the taking possession of their sees by the Bishops and the due | notification demanded by the Government. Leo XIIT gained for the Catholic Church world, not only as but as prince of Europe acknowledged that for | a proud pesition in th prince of the chur: | peace, At the end of the confession the first | many decades no such far-seeing head as | | by dispelling ignorance; —— | wn such skill in atic negotiations See all that he has | done. His successes in his negotiations with the German Chancellor, and the re- markable foresight shown in his dealings with Spain and in putting the Holy Ses into friendly relations with republican France, showed his skillfulness and rare diplomatic_sense. prince of peace he | was cyiled upon to settle the most diffi- | cult problems. Under his guidance the bitter Kulturkampf that many since the year 1570 was ended. Brooked No Aduvt. Leo brooked no advisers, raged in Ger- | and neither | ked nor expected any human aid. He | d a will of his own and followed no other. His own line ¢ f conduet was tracec | long before his accession. He bad no | worldly pol is reign was not of this | worla, his t was not In princes; his gendarmes and Swiss guards were only | an encumbrance and a vexation to him; | he had faith in his priestly office—in his | office as guardian of God's truth and her- ald of God's word. . He bade Christians | fignt unbelief with his own weapons; he aght them how to meet the s man’s science with ments of God's knowledge; he would set | Aaron’s rod against the rod of the ma- glcians, and he pointed to Louvain as the mansion of truth against which the gates It was unarmed d not | phisms of | the soupder argu- | faith, he thought, the reasoning, a | the militant church, which ruies Belgium; and if Belgium, why not one day France? Why not eventually also Italy? Spread true light among the people; combat error win the masses cver to the eternal, unchangeable truth; | base morality on heaven's law; bid God's | kingdom come; make God's will the peo- | pie’s will, and what king or parllament, | asked the Pope, could stand against it What array of clvil authority or of mil- | jtary power could avail against the un- | armed authority, the unassuming yet ir- | resistible ascend#ncy of the church? Such | was Pope Leo's views of his mission so | far as it can be made out from his pre- | a Bishop nd from his acts as | cedents a Pontiff. ‘ ——— The number of theological students in | Germany has diminished gradually from | 4267 in 1830 to 2149, or less than half, al- | though the population has doubled since | 1830. The insufficiency in the number of | candidates for the minisiry is discussed | as a matter of exceeding gravity by Ger- | man theologians. | — | I l | | ‘fhe Pop e’s Guard of Nobles. 1+—-——‘—'———————-————-’~—|- | trils that were credited ’mlsls with bold leonine qualities. | are | born at Carpineto. SPIRIT THA +* T DEATH RELEASED LEAUES WORK-WORN BODY Dead Ruler’'s Countenance Famous for Its Hea Qualities. rt-:Winning Of Slight Build, His Powers of Endurance Stand Alone in History. OPE LEO XIII entered his pon- ¥ tificate in the gixty-eighth year of his age, a l‘ng-!fled prelate, whose strength of character, en- ergy, judgment, plety, virtues and services are matters of record. He united in' admirably proportioned degrees the apostolic mildness with the administrative | rigor; he made himself at the same time loved and feared. Personally he was a | man of stately bearing. His voice was sonorous and brilliant when he preached and slightly nasal in famillar conversa- tion. Leo XIIT was a tall man, rather spare in bufld, but nevertheless of strong and wiry physique. His presence was most | commanding. His head was very large and thoroughly Italian. The forehead was massive, high and rather straight | and was especially striking from its great width, Indicative of intellectual strength. | The thin hair that streaked it was of sil- ver hue. The eyebrows were dark and heavy and of perfect arch and the eves were singularly mild and soft and at the same time penetrating and searching The large, well defined nose was charac- | teristic of firmness and will power, decid- | cdly Roman in shape, but with wide nos- | by physiogno In private life he was simple, affection- | In the ceremonies ate, lovable and witty. of the church, under the purple, he was | grave, austere and majestic. One would say that he was given to posing, but ‘that was not true. The pose with him was ratural; he did not seek it; it sought him. It was the same with Pius IX. The pon- | | tificate creates a second nature. A photograph of Cardinal Pecci, taken in 1870, when he attended the Ecumenical Council, gives one an admirable idea of the personal presence of the Pope. With it appear also the llkenesses of all the cther cardinals, and it fs no exaggera- tion to say that Pecct’s head is by far the most impressive in this gallery. There | sterner heads, heads more severely intellectual, or austerely grand, or cast perhaps in finer diplomatic mold; but for supreme kindness and benevolence and a certain beaming, gentle grace, no face in the galaxy of cardinals can ap- proach it. Like that of Pio Nono, !t was a counte- nance that won at once and immediately | the way to the scrutinizer’s heart. ,-\!; the same time it was stronger in its in- tellectual gquality than was that of Pio| Nono, and it was particularly conspic uous in the manifestation of sound sense and clear judgment. The Pope was a member of the Confra- ternity of the Holy Blood of Bruges. The relic in question—the blood of our Lord— is contained in a phial cf crystal and gold, | deposited in the chapel of that name in the old Spanish-Flemish city. His Holi- ness was once asked whether he seriously | believed ‘in the genuineness of the rellc. He frankly replied that he had not stu- died the question. “But,” he added, have in this crucifix a relic asserted to be 1 portion of the true cross. What I do know is that, according@o all laws of evi- dence, it can be traced back to the posses- sion of a Pope of the seventh century. I| think, after proving this much, we may | fairly leave the burden of demonstrating its unauthenticity to skeptics. The Popes | of the seventh century were shrewd enough.” Daily Life of the Late | Pope Leo XIIT ERE is an account of the daily life Hot the late Popeé, written lately by a gentleman who had full oppor- tunity of observation; “Leo XIII, rises every morning at hailf past 6 o'clock and is aided in dressing by a domestic named Centra, like himseif The father of this Centra is hatter to the Sacred College. The Pope then says mass in his own pri- | vate chapel and has another mass said for him, at which he is present. Then he takes his breakfast, consisting of a single cup of coffee and milk. After this he re. ceives his private secretaries, Mgr. Bo- cali and Mgr. Laurenzi, who bring him | news of what is transpiring and give ..im information regarding the general corre- | spondence—lettars, documents, ete.—which | they have been examining during the in- terval. His Holiness then receives Cardi- nal Jacobinl, secretary of state, and sub- | sequently, each in tkcir turn, the various | members of the Sacred College, with | whom he holds council in regard to the | various congregations to which their Emi- | nences belong. At 1 o'clock the Pope | takes his second breakfast. consisting of | soup—rice soup, by preference—a fritter | and a small quantity of roast meat. He | drinks Bordeaux wine—but real Bordeaux, of whose origin there is no doubt—this wine being regularly sent to the Holy Father by the nuns of a convent situated | in the Department la Gironde. After thys | repast he takes an hour and a halt of sleep, according to an old custom of his, which partly compensates him for the long hours of busy wakefulness he must pass. “Then the Pope takes a walk through the galléries or through the gardens of the Vatican, according as the weather is fair or chilly. On his return he Bives audience to such Bishops as have come | | | noon the P court was ad | only a short | James Graham. who vas one of the Min- to Rome, or perhaps to some member of the Roman- aristocracy—of that portion of it wh as remat faithtul to the Holy See, be it well understood. Abo his room, alf past the to remains shut up w 1 p. m Pope retires where b 11 o'clock. “When T asked a certain very well in- formed prelate as to how the H Father oce him during this lapse of time knows anything about it. We on light in Pove's | room. The general opinion is that he is praying or meditating. But one thing at least is certain, he is not writing. He is very much averse to using the pen at all, a be also partly for this reason cult—I had almost said in an autograph of Leo XI1I, or even a simple signature. ‘But ) also d that there is an- other reason for thi The Pope has a real dread that his writing migh to pretext for speculation in bearing his signature—as oc days of Plus IX “Betv n 4 an that it is impossible—to « me mads serve as a speculatic hotogre arred in the aft 5 o'clock In d to take his this time no Vatiean. An had the good with the gardene him so as to of his ed with by n one of an hour ar Ave Ma square, carefu duced, by a sl close and careful the Pope, with the legend, Pont. Max.,’ the cypress, the st lilies of the Peccls being carefu | lined. Leo XIII not pay much 2 tion to the work Salvatori, but a2 need not therefore conc ness did not care for art crdered all the tap the Vatican to be collected ar chronological t schools to which they belong, a collec which will be of exceptional importa and In many ways he showed his est in things not ecclesiastical but relat- ing to general culture.” His handwriting excite interest even If it the Pope. It is exceedingly very careful, laborlous construction, as it each of the infinitesimal characters was formed with the most painstaking care. In its airy delicacy it resembles a lady's hand, but the mesaic elaboration of e stroke has something highly scholast about it. Under his diminutive signatur the Pope leaves haif an inch of va space and then growing st stries rder and acec is pecullar enough to e not that of mall and of mpletes vely smaller and dash: | smailer. Pope Leo XII} had a marvelous mem- ory. which he rta up to the Speaking of him in December, 13%, Ar. bishop Stonor, who frequently him, said: “He recollects many of the people he recelves after intervals of as long as sixty years. Many aoe wihes Palmerston was Premier, his Hoiin visited England and was prese Queen and Prince Co: Of that he still remembers the small detai time ago he mentioned Sir attended on years ort. isters of the period. and spoke of t he took in a controversy respecting pests and telegraphs.” Again, when a Miss O’'Connell was presented to the Pops a short time ago, his Holiness asked whether she was a relative of the distin- guished parliamentarian of that name, and on learning that she was his niece he said: “T well recollect hearing your uncle speak In the House of, Commons.” e part Intolerance Not a Par: Of His Creed POET as well as a statesman and flpon(lfl Leo remained to the last, as Is evidenced by the fact that a fine poem by him was published as late as the spring of this year In it we note all his old@ vigor a grace of diction. A remarkable achieve- ment it was for a man of his years, and for it he won high praise from competent critics throughout the.clivilized world. Of him Indeed it may be sald that what- ever he did was well done. ‘There have heen many pontiffs. but not many who have done greater deeds or endeared themselves more to all Christendom than Leo XIIL. A conservative in many re- Continued on Page 6, Columa &