The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, August 7, 1898, Page 21

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, SUNDAY, AUGUST 7, 189S 21 SIS roTr A R e, 7 G P | ¥ & of the globe. The appearances Iof aue s coincide in the majority of cases THE COLORS with magnetic disturbances on the rth’s surface. The auroral arc gen- its summit near the mag- netic meridian, where the compass needle points. The force which govern IN the L which the magnetic needle o 1, the point where the r al crowns, the cent the crown, near the magnetic The variation, in fact, in such instances With Yellow, is but one de e, which may be al lowed as the amount of probable error in observations. Red and Green, e conclusion is, therefore earth’s magnetic forces certainly pla the most important part in the auror: splay. The arcs or “band - ly perpendicular to the ne i ridian, and the direction the Feeble Light- [;riiir to the m tic needle. deviations from the: les are due to 1bl startled the other by the announcement that AURORAS vered a means of telegraphing pace without v by eight-foot flashes, electricity of the d be f Are Brilliant With Forms SO STRANGE WHITE, LINED THAT THEY WERE CALLED udy the n the aurora. The “LEAPING GOATS,” more than a But Giving “FLYING FIRES,” s of “The In- which « ME| » doe For RRY DANCERS. > rules Che Au- M. Alfred ok € st to the W hite color, vivid tints of red and these polar bands and halos coincided atmospheric conditions of temp¢ % France &reen. This is one of the f auroral with the presence of spots on the sun. and humidity. The electric d ical office of Brance. effects, if not the finest. When one of Klein, in our own day, comparing twen- which constitute the aurora b gins with the history these crowns forms in the midst of an ty-five years of observations made with counter ail sor £ o o called already exist aurora, all the other the greatest care at Cologne by Dr. atmospheric strata which urora lights of the aurora pale, to reappear Garthe, has confirmed the fact that conduc hence lack ¢ try in these high cirrus clouds and polar the auroral ¢ cal con- not the bands follow as to their frequency the ditions very me laws the spo’ on the sun; they production of the auror: ucceed each other or even coexist. and position. There is an int when the cr wn i So much for the dissipated. forms of the aurora. Now to the colc dy pointed ¢ | or sidewise, and the upward; both move- ay remaining nstead of the forms are white, ilky and dif to define. 3 the next most noticeable cc crowns, center is extremity red, en. e red is almost al- ways toward the lower part and also in the direction to which the ray moves, while the green is above and behind. For instance, a ray darts down from a crown, the lower end will be red, the upper green. These colors will be very brilliant; when the red is very brilliant the green is as intense. The red re- mains longest and fades last, when fog obliterates the aurora finally. In high latitudes, Sir John Franklin, McClintock, Weyprecht and others aver that the coloring of the aurora very pure and Increased when it be ami‘ foggy. The fine drapery forms are seas are open in e from ice, hence subject to fogs, as in Norway, Spitzbergen and was less strong when the air w generally seen whe: winter, f Newfoundland. The light from auroras is very feeble; only a few lines of print can be read: while by the light of the full moon this is easy. The intensity of the aurora rarely exceeds the light of the moon in her first quarter, even in the arctic s; this is corroborated by Parry, Hayes, Nordenskiold and others. Auroras are less frequent in the full of the moon, paling in her effulgence, which drowns the auroral display: but some of the bi have been seen at moon. Some have en_in daylight, but this > a ghost story. n almost impossible to pho- the aurora, although in the winter of 1882-83 a Swede at Spitzberg- en clalmed to have secured a faint age in eight minutes and a half. This done before access was had to the Tl * and even became negative, as Uu the aeronaut Rolller, escaping from is in a balloon, he claims to have heard a persistent sound the whole time he was in a certain cloud, accompanied by a strong odor like ozone, very irri- tating to the bronchial tubes. aurora was observed at precis Bergmann compared this odor to that of sulphur and Trevelyan to that of electricity (?). As long ago as 1580 and 1590, Tycho Brahe observed that the appearance of not yet clearly There is also as much dispute as to whether any sound accompanies The northern nations be- £ auroral light, smulsions of to-day. rvers claim that Norway, ar said that auroras of this sound, ling of silk or of straws, a coinciding with the darting is not well In arctic regions it is proba- confounded in the existence e of fog. rly proved increases during accompanied by of snow and the int clicking of small needles of ice in the process of their formation. 2. But, although we are getting nearer truth as to the nature of the Many observers of the aurora are of the opinion that the appearance of the aurora depends on the presence of these clouds in the v, which are in turn due to magnetic disturbances of the earth’s photosphere originating in the sun spots. There are other evidenc that the aurora is intimately connected with material particles in the atmos- phere, like clouds and fog; for instance, when two or more rays in an aurora cross, the light is augmented, or when an aurora makes a fold on itself as in drapery forms, showing that there are two material “thickne " of the sub- stance; moreover, the wind also acts on the aurora, which is torn after a tempest, showing that the wind has acted upon luminous clouds which are part of the aurora; finally, the presence of clouds seems to favor the formation and development of auroras. So there is an intimate relation between them. The rare phenomenon, St. EImo’s fire (balls of fire alighting on ship masts and spars) is frequent during auroras, but this is about the only form of electric disturbance of the atmosphere rring during auror Andree, in 18! , at Spitzbergen, with a Mascart electrometer. found that before an au- Tora appeared the positive electric po- tential of the air diminished rapid sually happens when it rains; but as the aurora appears the potential takes as before a high positive value. But it must be remembered that the electric potential of the atmosphere, especially at a short distance from the earth, varies constantly in an abrupt and ir- regular manner; so that it would be im- prudent to ume any coincidence, even during an aurora. Auroras seem to depend for their form and position in space on the di tribution of magnetism on the surface lation, as we hav between the weather and th netic disturbances. The magnetic needle soI ns to be agitated an hour pearance of an a ra. netic disturbances often for twent less arcs and f E fect the magnetic need! during an active aurora, which is ap- parently nearer, the needle i atly agitated, especially when the and green rays flash sudder lightning. Arago has shown that if the aurora seems to be absent during magnetic disturbanc: i ften be: se it is too distant, v our horizon, 2 visible only in more northern latitude In the arctic and i there is small dev netic needle, but this to the great height of th auroras, while local auroras are nearer the earth, of small extent, and due to local disturbances. Telluric currents, passing along tele- graphic wires, communicating with the earth at both ends, are visibly and often 'violently affected during an au- rora, setting electric call-bells ringing, preventing the transmission of mes- sages bv throwing the mechanism out of gear, and often proving a source of positive danger. Thi: not due to, or during, a storm. The telluric cur cease when one end of > line is lated; they are only manifested in gle lines which have their return to the rth, but they may affect bmarine cables, and they vary in direct ratio with the length of the line. The aurora is supposed to be a purely terrestrial phenomenon, without regard to outside influences. not af- ensibly, while, ® O I0Y0) A @ Z p- ~ ~ @ @ 580 © > @bwaéw&&3@@u@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@3@'®9¢@@@&@3@&®@@9 foXCYoYoRoRORoTo) @ © SEE R f 5 (= % 9 (e > ® ® BY ROBERT G. INGERSOLL. ® o4O [OROXORONONONOROROROXOROKO) ® ® 00000 ® OYOO¥OXO) @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@e@u@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@m@@@@m@@@@@®®@@®©®@©@@®@@@@@@@@@@@@9®@@@ s jerstand it, the Unite e : \ : : x e D ol robihed or tedvEE Rl SIODEN 0D have been vietims—victims of su- provision for the holding of colonies or tion the railways, the telegraphs and but the dear, old conservative gentle- Smith, in which he says that if we States went into this war rightly enslaved. I think that we perstition. Their blood h: s X i f & i % -onstituti as were to bombard Cadiz we would give 2 cn e ¢ should keep Aland R = eir ood has been dependencies, such as the Philippines the telephon this, country now, with men seem to regard constitutions as a would give against Spain’in’the joanse of "+ SIOMATReep ' fhe dslands cnol for ourtsucked theic ensrglon kave hen wasted would be: that we can only acquire its area of 3,500,000'square miles, is not ends in themselves. up the Monroe doctrine. I do not see freedom. For three years Spain . 3 C e sake of these peo- and n irected, and they excite my them as territories, and eventually as large as the thirteen original colo- 1 have read what ex-President Cleve- ‘th‘ _application. We are at war with has been endeavoring to con- = 4o g 5 > 3 sympathies. Of course, there are many must take them in as States, with their nies were; that is to say, the distances land had to sav on this important sub- SPain and we have a right to invade : Th. ans employed s far as the Philippines are con- Eood Spaniards, good men,gcod women. population of mixed and inferior races. are more easily traveled and more ject, and I T to say that I en- that country, and the invasion would quer these people. dP ;ne?r iy gzncu]e‘z},lx lhx;".k that we should endeavor Cervera appears to be a civilized man, That is hardly an effective argument. easily overcome. In those days it re- v.lercel'}'atrl]isag;lx \\-i&pfim Su, too, I dis. ~ ha¥e nothing-whatever to.do with: the Hundreds o lize them and to o this. we a gentleman, and I feel obliged to him When this country was an _Infant, quired months and months to cross the agree with Senator Edmunds and with e o anything con- 4 Yet the Cubans, with should send teachers, not —preachers. for his treatment of Hobson. The great still in it & - § e s sl s = - E s cradle, George Washi t. w it is the work of four va v tor Hoar, and s ism, were continuing the (‘m; ;:;’:«lfr];lu?f{lx Tnd:ffx\ or ;nsgmi }llhl'n\ e of r'il]’le 1hpa,mards. however, must gave the child some vegl good né‘fitc? (cyg“tg‘\?e“:iays!.\n ; i\\!irfhggl)]‘{‘fieagsh::té‘ciflr:ngn who wish S;lslen_l (“‘“h <Th1m‘d warfare to gain Jite of their burned ion in place of Spanish su- be exceedingly ignorant, and as pas- told him to beware of entanglin all’ v o stop: the grawthiofithe republc: (T JUIE VIOtODE e bombardment of Ca- perstition. They have had superstition sionate as ignorant. Their -called Eang Yet, when we came to talk about an- to stop 3 1 diz would have no more to do itk sted fields, their dead oy B e 3 b L 2 so-called ances, to stay at home, and attend to * vaii 3 " want it to grow. Sometimes I have S e to do with the et e T R LA IR D T leaders dare not 161l them the truth his wn business. ~Under the circum: nexing t(pgorléz“‘g:}x:hl;:g:d‘s‘:a;h:zfln yant o oW O ir enough Monroe doctrine than with the attrac- aged war. Under them our arts; how e eitcats tht saem tlu P of this war. They stances this was all very good. But re, S ated. and the older the Senator the On this hemisphere to float one flag, fj"”,‘ of grawitation. If by the Monroe “'jje FRe el R b antaituie the e They alws <acrfr}‘1mn;?~eb\‘€-’1t§ ;h]em f*:m; the infant has been growing, and the fonder he was of this advice. These and in time that dream may come true. t(;’&tr;te‘;‘s ‘r]v;it:x:t nllll\i‘](vh\‘xpe h‘fu;ic ‘:\pzrwd Bpain, i e tdadlot Lo : , republic v of th - S T T the 5 s i s hemisphere and to pre- \w from the West- (HEY fif“" In other words, we should change it a little, then change It a little T Do e LR DoW. iSenatorainad the idea tr]mtfn‘l_e consil . Lato the final desnsmal(;f :1?3 jsia2d vent other nations from Interfering S It dea onestly w em and try our more, and maybe at last tell the truth. i/ ag ., tution, having nothing in favor of it, possessions won from pain, m S with any people on this hemisphere, ns have a righ e D Thom s it tupbocting They mever Beent ito Gare’ tostell bthe fro o ts LI days until now, 200d, roust contain something, at least in that the Philippine Islands will finally anq jf jt is said that, growi A and a self-governing people. The eagle truth at first, iIf the truth is bad. They conservative people have been repeat- spirit, against it. O course our D rotectad itimay be for s Iong “opieon Cla e d s o S 08 T o tood and declared at ohouid spresd Its wings over those is. put me in mind of the story of a man .15 the 2avice of Washington. It was Jont AEalS the growth of the re- time, by the United States. I think e are pledged not to interfere inat O O vt Tor o \thidr iiepose. teleeraphing toia wite abont the cordte (L Loated GEain £08 Lespmfimlon ve public; SWe have, Leeart e on " ot wilh ‘conie. tos s~ for -proteetiony Secien, IS e g T the OtHen R Were talking about purchasing Loulsl- It is a matter of experience. I don’t see naturally, and, so far as I am con- M b e IShE Do.naller . v;:‘l"," Yhe ti a ere not waging war & et e At % e DR for th ot et gy Ve cannot afford to give them to other tion of her husband. The first di territory, that we Were ;dions or to throw frasments of incm was, “Your husband is well it dispateh 5 and many Senators and Congress- that Alaska has imperiled any of the cerned, T want Cups Gnly when Cubas iite: (Ren GIight be oalled o sviola x Cuba, b o the wild beasts of Europe: We car- ter.” The second was, “Your husband jpo became hysterical and predicted {herties of New York. We need not wants us. I think Porto Rico and‘some: bl L G e Sanh s Lot e mpassion—a compas- et say to Russia, “You may have a lIs sick, but not very.” The third was, oy fall of the republic if that was done. admit Alaska as a State unless it has a of those islands will belong permanent- yjonroe oenle Hot snole Jot be 8 ! S itern a5 justice. part.” and to Germany, “You may have “Your husband is much worse, but we L0 SAme thing took place when we population entitling it to admission, ly to the United States, and 1 believe L omros O o o ehould bombard (he et t \t the time there would & share,” and to France, “You take still have hope.” The fourth was, “You purchased Florida, and again when we and we are not bound to take in the Cuba will finally become a part T e e i b I supposed that the Spaniali.‘something” jand soidiyide jout: these -mayssiwell e ihe trithoywe buried ot 1,000,000 square miles from Mexico, Sandwich Islands until the people are republic. s e R b i g people 1 me hat they knew People as thieves divide plunder. That your husband yesterday.” That is &nd still again when we bought Alaska. civilized, until they are fit companions When the opponents of progress body say that either nation had vio- their own condition and the condition i Bever do. £ about the way the Spanish people get -Lliese ideas about violating the constl. of free men and fres Women, LAY found fhal they couldn’t make the Jated the Monroe doctrine? I do not > i ; b e There is, moreover, a little senti.nent their war news. (u‘thm and wrecking the republic were be that a good many of our citizens American people take the back track see how that doctrine is involved, ] e ithe ¢ ixed with this matter in my mud. That is why it may be Incorrect to promulgated by our great and wise will go to the Shndwich Islands, and by holding up their hands over the con- hether we fight at sea or on the terri- Na ot Manila Bay has been filled with Amert- assume that peace is coming quickly. statesmen on all these previous occa- that in a short time the people there stitution, they dragged in the Monroe tory of the enemv. Sana can glory. There was won one ol OUr If the Spaniards were a normal people, Slons but after all the constitution will be ready to be admitted as a State. doctrine. When we concluded not to This is the first war, so far as I , e greatest triumphs, one of the greatest Sdiew otheniriiis Ao we might to have borne the strain. There All this the constitution can stand, and allow Spain any longer to enslave her 0w, in the history of the world, th < ght oo L be as much liberty now as in it there is no danger of imperialism. colonists, or the people who had been pas been waged absolutely e e shall we do DO S ; thait wa Have Lovel wictorles of the world—won prophe: Lttt merican courage and genius. We can- pg ridlon enoug’ g may take be- Yot allow any other nation to become Zflf.hprfl}fl.f,‘:,‘]‘e‘l“\,({l’l"éf“"f,:‘ o tell Whit ore. Our territories have given us no rule, the prosperous farmer wants to : spite of all {louble, while they have greatly added puy’the land that adjoins him, and I resolve, and it was strictly in accord a speedy peace, but nobody {here was then, and In fact a great deal [ pelieve in national growth. As a her colonists, in the New World, that terest of humanity; the only war b was a very humane and a Very wise ¢ ity of sympathy: and oy ‘Lf[ ek taken a deep interest in it. own in this con- courage, and hat you migat ration, t with the Monroe doctrine. For the pur- pose of conquering Spain, we attacked : the owner of the stage on which this ASancea cand d A | iot without stul- American drama was played. I know appearances, and all our suceesses, and to our population and vastly increased tnink a prosperous nation has the am- 0 committing the that we can be of great assistaice 10 7 hope not, not only for Suag on. Bul our wealth. e &t'growth. Tt is better to expand that \;“‘rflr‘; 3 ‘:’ the inhabitants cf the Philippines. I §,. the R orithe Shaniaddltha ut Besides this, the statesman of the than to shrivel; and, if our constitution her fleet in Manila Bay and destroyed 5 ¢ hove disptaye 20 Tore Tnt e HOw iDL Gh s be an unmixed bless- (OF ' POl help thinking of "> olden time, the wise men with whom s oo narrow to spread over-the terri- it. 1 cannot concelve how that action o b o : Philipping mr‘»‘, ; t" inz to them, and that is the only arubi- 5. Ty e x: e isdom was supposed to have perished, tory that we have the courage to ac- of ours can be twisted into a violation 0 Anelo ,”"f" h;_ = F e are fron ynex, anihioss (1o imexeti s emanl £ Ciine I v sl o ining o thor th- Sould not and 4id not imacine the im. quive, why We can make a broader one. Of the Monroe doctrine. The most that O Pleacd 000,000 of people, and they he Lo 10~ would noi more think of handinz them =0 L 5o S have to toil o oDoor provements that Would take place after It is a very easy matter to make a con- ¢an be sald is that it is an extension of - o et A AEnAvod by S ayey BCEn bEck Hi) Spain than I would of butcher. PEASBITS 00 To0 holy fleld O Y they were gone, In their time, practi- stitution, and no human happiness, no that doctrine and that we are now say- elligence. The cers’ el golak rnb‘,(,."("f’l‘,'“?' offi- ing the entire population in cold blool. T O e o gy of Spain cally speaking, it was further from prosperity, no progress should be sacri- Ing 1o Spain, “You shall not enslave, Fi ity Holieny L o el i they Spain is unfit to govern. Spain nag al- 0 PaY¥ A% £ "d o war. I am New York to Buffalo than it is now ficed for the sake of a piece of paper you shall not rob, anywhere that We jorfered with l,.}. feelin WeLe AsTASERD) har Nrpl Toung, and un- ways been a robber. She has never ?’"rfm Or',‘d“'fl‘- o oy 2150 from New York to San Francisco, and with writing on it; because there is bave the power to prevent it Fecome: Gnraged—te. b Aot e g A ;l::;\bu::.?: i'n‘i’,f’e%’?e‘fifi;}‘or‘f gltvglpz:i;« rlmmin:kbel; o bl r‘:‘)““lt]“e“g’;l‘;f(’,d “]\_’;;e;;“:eagg zinf::)rx;xsc‘)t:?e;::gssp:;tal‘g:_«;r;c?gcion;en1» flemylof paperfland plenty of i to do Hav;:\s taken fihe Philipnines, the yielding, his mind is absolutely made They wouldn’t make very good citizens g ol i > = = s as e writing, and plenty of people to say same humanity that dictated the dec- up, claspe ‘ked, and he carries o They woullit fake Yery sood citfeens Ine ol Slestipage 10 theitiatry CONE 00 Be e e O It would have bean whas the weiting . should. be. T take Iaration of what is called the B e e ardit s o {ncapablesof self»l!hvb-rnmunypy) la»y world. s The argument has been advanced In in their day had it been just across the more interest in people than I do in doctrine will force us to act there in citement, nervousne: he becomss People can be ignorant enou'h'u no ‘At the same time T have a kind of the National Senate, and elsewhere, Harlem River. Taking into considera- constitutions. I regard constitutions as accordance with the spirit of that doc- frantic. ¥ : 4 E 4 2 gh to be pity for the Spanish people. I feel that that the Federal constitution makes no secondary; they are means to an end, an extract, I think, from Goldwin trine. The other day I saw in the paper Co;;s'l;L.’hled. 1898, by S. S. McClure Co.