The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, July 3, 1898, Page 22

5 5 2 THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, SUNDAY, JULY 3, 1898. LGRIMAGE OF THE DECADE TO PAY REVERENCE TO THE HOLY WINDING SHEET MGR. MANACORDA. Bishop of Fossano. ROME, Sa turday.—The Osservatore Romano publishes from Turin an account of the photo- graphing of the holy shroud recently exposed by King Humbert, who is the guardian of the relic and authori the photograph, which, when de- veloped, is said to have displayed in perfect out- line the holy. features, hands and limbs of Christ. million p: this, twelve days, and it s calculated that more than a ons will visit it during this time. For the first thirteen centuri the greatest of all relics, was venerated in the the Freeman’s Journal. rteenth century it was brought from Cyprus to the West by Godfrey, Count of Charny, in Bour- gogne, who deposited it in his castle of Sirey, near MGR. PAMPIRIO. Archbishop of Vercelll. stowed of the Christian era Toward the middle at Pir Pledmc Winding Sheet MGR. RICHELMY. Archbishop of Turin Thirty-four years afterward Humbert’'s widow be- In 1532 the Holy was miraculously saved from being burned in a conflagration which destroyed the church in which it was rlaced During this time it was twice exposed for veneration cities it was again carried to Vercelli from Chambery and remained there until 1 it on the House of Savoy. noio (1478) and Vercelli (1494), ont. In 1535 both MGR. REGGIO. Archbishop of Genoa. THE EXPOSITION OF THE HOLY WINDING SHEET AT TURIN. “They took, therefore, the body of JESUS, and bound itin linen cloths with thé “pices, as the manner of the Jews is to bury.”—St John, X1.X, 40. bert. enveloped at His burial is evangelists. of them with strips of cloth, to , When Victor Emmanuel and his son, the present King Hum- The winding sheet in which Our Lord’s body was Among the Jewish rites for the dead it was cus- tomary, after closing the eyes and the mouth, to bind body, anoint it with unguents and wrap it in a sheet. MGR. DUC; Bishop of Aosta visible in the precious relic now at Turin, with the wounds in_ the hands, feet and side, the marks of the mentioned by the four crown of thorns and the outlines of the beard and halr of our Savior. The impression is a little over 5 feet 8% inches long, and every member of the body is in exact proportion. comb the halr, wash the The ceremonies at Turin on.the 25th, when the ex- position of thé Holy Winding Sheet was inaugurated, were of the most imposing charccter. ik R Troye, and founded a canonical chapter to guard it. it was taken to Turin, where it has been ever since. This sheet does not correspond exactly with what we IR TN e e\ bl heen it he s At 7 it remained until 1418, when Champagne being During the present century the Holy Winding Sheet call a winding sheet, being a rathcr narrow plece of Five ..rchbishops and Bishops assisted at the func- i o harassed by war and the preclous relic in danger of has been publicly venerated five times—in 1814, when linen which covered the body, back and front, with tions in the presence of the Princes and Princesses of '\»Lv _»‘ = a on, the canons requested Humbert della \3 tor Emmanuei Ir itered his States; in 18 when the extremities meeting at the feet, in such a manner the house of Savoy, among these being the Princess t ur Lord, ntec sal of Amedes VIII, the first Duke of Savoy, Pius VII was in Turin‘on his return from exile; in that a double impression of the figure would be left Clotilda, who thirty years ago sewed it i~ the red to the. ve time to take it into his custody in his castle of Monfort, in 1822, at the inauguration of the reign of Carlo Felice if stained with blood or ointments. damask cloth from which it +was removed last in thirf ast for Bourgogne, together with some other relics of Savoy, and in 1842 and 1868, at the marriages of This double impression of our Lord's body is clearly Wednesday. OF THE LN Dl E | when I heard a quiet laugh behind me, | of any exodus of any kind.”—Scottish | “This military-looking man was to IL] WflTER- WIT \-1-1 S fl‘N U L R, 5 | and on turning I found it was my in- | Knights. the windward of the boy with the pea- U F R,E 5 | structor, who held up his right hand | nuts and he began to sniff hungrily, as ce—I tried it on, and to my sur- d the two men disappeared, the stick I noticed, as he looked at the urchin It is possible to make a pail of water | —so hot, in fact, that you cannot hold reg me man was befors me ask- says: tructions. 1 directed him dian mut chatt on the veranda with of one of tt from the well in the compound. 2 This he proceeded to do. When he tried had filled them all 0 overflowing I re- these tric ed him to stop. He, however, inary no notice of me, and went on stol- he simply ing in water, until, in my these -tk nation, it seemed that the | ould be washed away. e I could not stop or ar- >d through ing ohol to re- - o ATeW: tajn or accept al teach- lay in wait for him. e 3 I apparently cut him “PThe mi rmance that lo! there were two e t th nging in water, neither of | oar 1d I restrain or prevent from —in his ‘1 was completely out of my d-nth suppli resuming its place on the veranda, and to crown all there was not the slight- est sign of any water having been | brought in. 1 excitedly appealed to | him for an explanation. He sald that | he had been present all the time, hav- | ing willed that he should be invisible to me, and that I should imagine my- | self to see and to do what I had thought had taken place. In order to prove it he asked me to step out into the compound and directed my atten- tion to a large cavern which I knew was not there before. As I entered a number of huge elephants and camels issued from it in a continual stream, yet I could not touch one of them. They apparently passed me as though I did not exist. He again raised his nd and the cavern and animals appeared, and there was no indication GOVERNOR-GENERAL MERRITT'S GREAT PERNOT APPETITE. “A few weeks ago aid a Washing- ton man to a Star reporter, “I was crossing from New York to Brooklyn on the Fulton ferry. I stood on the forward deck of the ferryboat to get a breath of air. Standing alongside of me was a ragged newsboy Industriously munching some hot peanuts that he had got at the ferry entrance. On the other side of the peanut-eating news- boy s a fine-looking, elderly man of a decidedly military appearance. | beside him. He watched the munching his peanuts until the ferry- boat was half way across the East River. Then he held out the open ‘For heayen me some peanuts, quick!’ “The boy, who knew right, grinned and his gait al elderly man’'s hands. The latter tary-looking man Wesley Merritt, who's now going out, 1 see, to help George Dewey run that new acquisition of ours, the Philippine Islands.” boy of both of his hands to the lad, sake, boy, give dumped half the contents of his bag of peanuts into the ate those peanuts voraciously for the re- mainder of the trip across, and when he disembarked he led the newsboy up to a peanut stand and bought him a | whole armful of 'em. The elderly, mili- was Major General in any way. it with a wooden paddle. recently performed in the phys 1 ance. wooden paddle. enough it will certainly boil. grow boil without putting it on the fire and without applying external 'heat to it In fact, you can make a pail of water boil by simply stirring The feat was al lab- oratory of Johns Hopkins University, | in Baltimore, Md., and any one may do | it with a little trouble and persever- | All you have to do is to place your water in a pail—it may be ice| water If necessary—and stir it with a | If you keep at it long Five | hours of constant and rapid stirring are sufficient to perform the feat suc- | cessfully. The water will, after a time, | warm, and then it will grow hot.| i your hand in it, and, finally, it will boil, Professor Ames of Johns Hepkins -an- nually illustrates some of ‘the ~henom- ena of heat by having one of his stu- dents perform the trick in front of his class. It is a tiresome job, but it is perfectly feasible. The point which Professor Ames wishes to illustrate is what is known as the mechanical equivalent of heat, It requires just so many foot pounds of work to develop a -given quantity of heat. By turning the paddie in the water at a regular speed it is possible to find out just how much work Is re- quired to raise the temperature of water one degree. The best measure- ment so far made, and in fact the one which is accepted as the standard of the world, is that which was measured in Johns Hopkins Coilege. ISP PUDUUSPPPPPPP P IP PRSPPSO S SS USSR R R R R R B I IS S R R e i S i e e A R R & SR o B T R S D S R R S SR e S J0 0 PSP AP Ere WIG-WAGG The Navy Depa tment has just completed the most ccmprehensive and efficient system for observing the approach of a bostile flezt that has ever teen put into exzcution. NG WAR NEWS FROM MA NE TFO TEXAS. A rew burcau has bzen created for this purpose, known as the Coast Signal Service. The systzm ras the service of 2300 men str-tched along the Atlantic seab-ard from !ar Harbor, M:., to Calveston, Tex. These 2re divided into thirty-f-ur czntral stations, about sixty to 100 milés apart aloag the const. These stations are in turn conrected by te egraph with the Coast Signal Office of the Navy Depariment. Operators are on duty night and day sending in reports, so that the Navy Department is in constant t.uch with what 1 cccurring along the whele Atlantic Coast. ELIOGRAPH y SuN 7, MiRROR, £ - - HELIOGRARH T fs. now possible to “wizg-wag” a | message from Bar Harbor,' Maine, to Galveston, Tex. This feat muét be-looked upon as one of the most wonderful achieve- ments brought about’ by the present fectly. The messages have been sent ver the entire distance within a very ‘minutes. Altogether this makes the most efficlent system for observing the approach of a hostile fleet that has ever besn put into operation. In order to thoroughly understand war, because it is the first time in his- fi;o‘gev ssities for and tfhe lmporiange tory that a message has been sent such | © is system some facts must be s T e o et anct | borne In mind. If telegraph stations thiris but th-fi te‘“cr;aph Fivan (u-fe- were located at all points along our 1 s o3 it " coast re would be no need for wig- phone has not yet been 4 to success- As it happens, though, there are miles and miles of coast that are miles away from a telegraph wire: and some instances there is not a house s. With such a state of affairs it would be an easy matter for a hos- tile fleet to land an army on our shore without anvbody being the wiser until after the damage was done. It is to overcome this difficulty that Uncle Sam has established his signal corps. Of course the wig-wagging can only | be done between two stations that can X | be seen from one another. But it fre- the system from Maline to Texas. This | quently happens that two stations are gtretches along. the entire‘Atlintic and | estabiished which are invisible to one Gulf coasts, and-has been tried within | another, and ‘“connected” by a third the last week and found to work per- lsmtlon that is visible from both. The fully transmit messages between two points so far'apart. & | Of course the “wig-wagging” is done | principally by the heliograph, and the system is.in charge of the Unitod States Signal Corpe. This is under the direc- tion of the Navy' Department, as at present it is most desirable to keep “track of what is going on just off ou ° Atlantic seacaast. s % - Several weeks have been consumed by the Navy Department in perfecting THE FIRST |\ POSITION N SIGNALING GULF oF MExIcO { message is then signaled from the first station to the intermediate station, and from there to the third station. A good illustration of this was per- formed some years ago right here in California. It was desired to inform a certain official in Stockton of what was going on in a little cove just south of Bolinas Bay. Of course the cove could not be seen from Stockton. But certain other peints could, and this is how the message was sent. A certain polnt that commanded a view of the cove in one | direction and of Mount Tamalpals in the other was sclected. From the top of Mount Tamalpais Mount Diablo can be plainly seen, and from the top of Mount Diabio the courthouse dome in Stockton is visible almost every day in_the vear. Men and instruments were stationed on all these places. First, the men that had a view of the cove flashed the in- formation that a certain vessel was coming to anchor to the top of Tamal- pals. From there it was flashed toDia- blo, and from there to the Stockton courthouse dome, from which point a messenger ran to the nearest telephone and called up the official who received his message. The time of transmission \ =0 2 508 SECOND THE THEY 5 R EnoTlOH‘ - MoTION T s i ) H S H Q s L5 i 3 B r ! 1y ’ § Ky H Iy 4 : 2 i ) ; 5 ! N A ] i 13 . ) H i \ f ! Lo H ‘ A ' d - AT A TTIE S QEE AT was only a little over a minute. The greater portion of the time was con- sumed by the messenger running to the telephone. The transmission of the words between the heliographs con- sumed only a few seconds. It was al- most instantaneous, in fact. The system which Uncle Sam has just established along the Atlantic sea- board is of course much more elaborate. It is known officially as the Coast Sig- nal Service and is in charge of Captain Bartlett, who attends to this as well as the work of the Naval Board of In- formation. The system has the services of 2300 men, stretched along the coast. They are divided into thirty-four cen- tral stations, about sixty to 100 miles apart. The stations are in turn con- nected by telegraph with the coast sig- nal office of the Navy Department and operators are on duty day and night, keeping the department in touch with the entire line of Atlantic and Gulf coast. The signal corps of the Naval Reserve has established a signal system along the Long Island coast which places the entire coast line in communication with New York. These stations are placed in such po-{ sitions that they command a view of the sea, and signals may be transmitted to ships many miles out. In the actual tests that have been made the system worked perfectly. When signals are re- ceived from New York for transmission to ships, which may be done in a few seconds, the signal men meunt the tow- ers and signal to the nearest of the patrol fleet. The army and navy signals are trans- mitted by means of a flag, torches or the heliograph. The instruments are put through such movement or manipu- latlon as to signal the letters of the alphabet. The flag signal may be seen on a clear day for about a mile, but is generally used for shorter distances. The tcrch is used only'for short dis- tances at night. The heliograph, how- ever on a bright sunshiny day will work effectively at a distance of over ninety miles. It can also be used to flash the rays of an electric light at mnight, but its exact limit has never been ascertained. The handling of the flag consists en- tirelv in wavln%it from side to side and up and down. By certain combinations of the waves and movements the antire alphabet is signowid, the aame as FOR LSE : AT NIGHT. flag upright in front of the operator. It is either a movement to the right or left or an up and down movement, a rapld movement or a slow movement. The hellograph is simply s mirror swung so as to be able to catch the sun’s rays at a certsin angle. By mov- ing the mirror one way or another these rays are flashed or cut off entirely. By combining the flashes the letters of the alphabet are formed. This instrument is fitted with the finest kind of sights, s0 that it can be accurately aimed at the station it is desired to communicate with, Should the message be for a sta- tion still further along it Is sent ‘ahead before it is all received. Where sta- tions are very far apart lookouts are constantly peering through telescopes to catch a flash as soon as the operators make it. At long distances the flash cannot_be plainly seen by the naked eve. When the message is to go on to another station the man wko re- celves it through the telescope calls off the letters as fast as they are nade to thé man at t2s telegraph, who in turn FLYING TORCH ; dashes and dots of the Morse alphabet. | sends them on to the next statioii in- Eyery movement counts from the first | stantly. 2 position, which is the holding of the | has been sent through ten stations Aand Ll gTAT 1ON- A message of twehty' words at the end the receiving station w: only a few letters behind the, transmi; ter. S o e With the exception of.the heliograph: signaling by visible signs’ is done. in much the same manner as {£ was in the. days of the ancients. . The semaphore, which is still in use, was-one of. the instruments used by the-Romans. ‘' In. the early days of San Francisco, before the telegraph, the semaphore .was of the greatest Importance. Everyhody': wished to know when a ship was-com- ing in, as that meant mail and mer-- chandise from the States. -In order. to gain this information the merchants of - this city had a signal service between * Telegraph Hill and Pigeon Polht. Thers - was a semaphore at Pigéon Point an-- other on a hill in Sah Mateo County, another on Twin Peaks and the last on- Telegraph Hill. When the weather was ' clear the people of this city knew of the . arrival of a steamer many lours befo! ghedlfiachetd I:grt . Under tlvo'r‘hT:: 5 conditions for the semaphore t b service exists to-day. . o M‘“ Fire