The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, July 3, 1898, Page 21

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, SUNDAY, JULY 3, 1898. 21 s uN sclousness for a nRuN% BN R NN N I RSN RR RN RRRRURBBRBRRS Unigue case of a clergyman who lost his mind through an accident and lived in double con- long time. “Mr.-Hanna regards the history of his life before the dccident as an experience that has occurred within the life of quite another person. The accident may bc considered as the boundary line separating two distinct lives of the same in- dividual. ‘What happened before the accident is unknown to the personality formed after the accident. seem fo dwell within Mr. Hanna. Two different selves It seems to be a case of double conscicusness, and the patient is now in the secondary state.”’—Extract from the report of Dr. Boris Sidis. V) i QOQ o = R LYRRANRRRRRY R RGRIRTRRRR R AR R R AR AR AR AR AR AR AR R R cessity was to instruct him so that he could make known his needs. She gave him a drink of water. “This {s water,” she said slowly. ‘“Water,” repeated Mr. Hanna, thickly. He did not forget. He never forgot anything that was told him. Itdawned upon those about him that while he was wholly lacking in knowledge, while his mind was clear of all impressions, like that of a babe, he possessed the intelli- LOVE A d ultjes al self through an -Aac with a double consciousness nd was ally led back by love and riginal mental s trange case of R Mr. Hanna is really a triumph for science—prob- ably the st triumph ever hieved hology; and t in restoring a man whose added related of blank is th 1 had t is a case not alone involy- the result of ~that in itself In this insta s e i, which dual personality. not suffer Something merely and “his memory me as a new born mbered nothing. of what evious to the accident asoning doccur had r¢ d 1 be him .of his r His pa-ents, his friends, even all ‘were as strangers to The s of his 1 were ded. He had to begin life anew. And last Tuesday he was married to the girl he loved since boyhood, the girl who had passed out of his.life as com- pletely as though the graye had claim- ed her, but whose ténder solicitation and great love had at last conquered. At the time he .met with the acci- made his mind a blank he aching in the Plants e Bap- irch. That was April 15, 1897. Mr. Hanpa was driving: with his brother on'that “afternoon. when a ick a stor Mr. Hanna was the wagon. He struck with consi able fc on his head. He was unconscious hen his brother picked him:.up. t far distant was the house .of Miss Anna Barnpes Cook, to"-whom he en, and the yman was . takén the 2 unconscicus for two Then- he openéd his ey As in- the wagon he was a man _of learning for his years, versed in c in philosophy, in thealogy. When he opened his eyes in Miss Cook’s ‘home he was as lacking in knowledge-as when he first came into the world: i He looked at those. about him won- deringly. His eyes had the steadfast, wisge stare-of a baby. The rise and fall of his' chest. caught his gaze. It s prised_and then fascinated him. his new-born intelligénce it was a won- derful thing, that steady movement. They.addressed a thousand questions to him.: He heard but he.did not un- derstand. The voices were to him a jumble of noises. A great awe came over Miss Cook about the afflicted man. and the other: n before them a condi- There had ar tion that stunned them. His eet- heart spoke to the young man in tones that a few hours before would have thrilled him, but which then conveyed nothing to him. He was motionless save for the in- voluntary muscles. He was in the full possession of his strength, but he could not move. He did not know how. For hours Mr. Hanna lay motionless. He watched the doctors, One of them moved his hand in gesturing. The imi- tative faculty, the first characteristic in the human mind, a Mr. Hanna tried to move his arm. It waved up and down. It delighted him. He moved it faster and faster. One of the doctors was struck by it with con- siderable force. The doctor imagined he was being attacked and grasped the arm. Mr. Hanna tegan moving the other one. He could not understand why they should try to hold him. It was fine to wave his arms. He exerted all his great strength and then he was bound hand and foot. Mr. Hanna showed no resentment. He realized that he was being treated roughly, and it showed in his face. Presently the bonds were removed. Again he began moving his arms. Miss Cook offered him a gl of water. He made no sign. She drank herself, and he imitated her, at first with much difficulty. Food was offered him. It meant nothing to his mind. And he craved food—the specian._ts who afterward at- tended him said so. Mr. Hanna could not eat the delicious food about him because he did not know how to eat. Again his fiancee be- came his teacher. She took an apple and bit into it. She handed him the apple and he ate it, carefully watching her the while. Soap and water were placed beside him while his face was being bathed. He picked up the piece of soap and b into that, but spat it out quickly enough. The young man was in bed two days. He did not know enough to get up, and they did not understand his malady. At the end of that time he was dressed and raised from his bed. A man stood on either side and tried to walk him alone. 3 He did not know how to control his Jegs and sank to the floor. Speedily he began to imitate his attendants. Within a few minutes he found that he could stand. The floor troubled him. He could not tell where it was. It seemed directly against his eyes. He felt his way as a man does in the dark. When he looked up he started back affrighted. He thought he was running into the wall twenty feet away. That night he saw a star. He reached for it a hundred times. He could not understand why he could not grasp it. In the day he reached for distant trees. At the end of two days Miss Cook realized that her - flancee must be taught as a child without knowledge, without experience. Her quick wit made her appreciate that the first ne- 0CNO00000000000000000000000000000000 EVOLUTION GF THE FOLIRIH. HE first Fourth of July celebra- tion. teok. ‘place in' Philadelphia four days.after the adoption of the Declaration of Independence, on ‘July §, 177, ‘a.warm, sun- morring,?; as one of those who présent describéd- the day. John ixon read the declarationin the yard of the-Staté Housé, ahd the great as- sembly of people ‘‘gave.three repeated huzzas' The Kinig's arms were, torn dawh from .theit place, and then the proclamation was read before each of. the five battalions on the commons. In the evening, which was clear.and star- light, Bonfires ~were kindled; cannon were fired, ‘bells were rung, “with other demonstrations “of Joy upofithe una- nitnity” and -agreement of the declara- tion.” SE S On" July 9 Washington himself di- rected- the celebration which ‘was held in'New York. The deéclaration was read in ‘thepresence.of the army, and the assembled people indilged in displays very like those of the preceding day in Philadelphia, although the New York celebration’ went.a-step farther, for in. their enthusiasm the people tore down, belieaded and melted the statue of George III in Bowling Green, ‘‘the troops.-long having had an inclination 80 ta do.” ¥ A The news was hurried forward to Boston, and the messengers made such incredibly fast time that they arrived on the 18th of July. The people were dressed in their “holiday suits” and with the soldiers thronged the streets. Exactly at 1 o'clock Thomas Crafts arose inthe Town House and readaloud the declaration, and the men stood up and repeated the words of their offi- cers and swore to uphold the rights of their country. The Town Clerk read the declaration from a balcony to the crowd, “at the close of which a shout, begun in the hall, passed to the streets, which rang with loud huzzas, the slow and measured boom of cannon and the rattle of musketry.” Then there was a -banquet in the Council chamber, “to which all the richer citizens were in- vited,” while great quantities of liquor were distributed among the people, and in the evening there was a general illumination of the entire town. There was no statue of King George to be broken, but the people did the next best _thing, for they tore down the lion and the unicorn from the east wing of the State House. - One of the unpublished letters of John Adams gives the following de- scription: The thought of taking anv notice of this day was not conceived until the second 6f the month and was not mentioned until the third. It was too late to have a sermon, as every one wished, so this must he defarred to another year. Congress determined to adjourn over that day and to dine together. The general officers and oth- ers in town were invited. after the President and Council and Board of ND P]EMORY GONE lz'em‘e of a man of 25 of unusual capa- city. Then Miss Cook began a systematic course of instruction. The local doc- tors said that Mr. Hanna could not re- cover, and that he must learn every- thing over again. But the young woman did not believe that fate could be so cruel. She gave up her whole life to him. She spent hours in teaching him to talk, instructing him in the things that any child knows and of which he was totally ignorant. She taught him to write. She would write a sentence and he would copy it, using either hand with the same awk- wardness. In his normal state he had never been ambidexterous. He had to learn to intcrpret every- thing. He was in a world new and strange to him. He was like a man transferred to another planet where the manner of communication, the peo- ple, the objects and the whole environ- ment were unlike anything he had seen or dreamed of in his former existence. There was no external change in him. He looked as he always did. But he ad lost his old mannerisms, although his tastes were not dissimilar. He talked in the same way, although there were strange gaps in his conversation where his knowledge was incomplete. He learned to read in three weeks, but his lack of collateral knowledge made much that he read a blank. He possessed the power of inductive and deductive reasoning within the compass of his knowledge. But his lack of experience and of precedents placed him at a loss. Yet he thirsted for knowledge. ‘While Mr. Hanna was in this state he had no realization of God. There was no innate religious feeling, as it is ordinarily understood. But the soul of the man was pure. He turned from the ugly, the deformed, the evil with e Sl disgust. His sense of the beautiful was developed acutely. As the days passed, those about Mr. Hanna lost hope of his recovery, all but e devoted woman who had promised to be his bride. No one can know the misery she suffered during those days of constant attendance upon the man who had asked her to marry him, who had loved her with all the force of a strong nature, and who now looked upon her with gentle indiffer- ence. But she kept on. instructing hi- day by day, doing her best to arouse the sleeping memory. He learned to play the piano with considerable skill. He learned to play the banjo excellently well, although formerly he had never attempted to master the instrument. His education moved swiftly, but un- less he could be brought back to his normal self it would take years to make him as he was before the fall. ‘When his father and mother came to him Mr. Hanna waited to be intro- duced. Then he greeted them politely. Their tears and caresses meant noth- ing to him. He did not know who they were. They, too, gave up hope after a week. Mr. Hanna has an uncle in New York whose name is familiar through his church on South Washineton Square, the Rev. A. P. Judson. Through him a physician was consulted. Called Back: AND H|S BRIDE. FROM PHOTOGRAPH G BRYVYRURRR Dr. S. P. Goodhart, the attending physician in the department of nervous diseases in Bellevue College, who had supplemented his studies in_America by a long course In Berlin, Vienna and Heidelberg, was asked to make an ex- amination. Dr. Boris Sidis, associate in psychology in the Pathological In- stitute of the New York State hospi- tals, was afterward summoned as an expert. They went to Plantsville five weeks after Mr. Hanna's fall. ok SCIENTISTS INTERESTED Love and science grapple with the problem and after patient work restore the injured mind to its normal condition. PR LT A PR LR R R AR R R AR R R R R R R R R AR AR AR R AR R R R R R R R R A R Ed nuVRNRYN ke 8 s ] 3 33 8 8 k2l 8 Unprecedented in medical science is the remarkable case of the 1lev. Thomas C. Hanna, who developed a double person- ality as the result of a fall, living two separate and distinct lives, and finally being restored to his normal condition. similar cure has ever before been effected. No Aside from the scientific aspect of the case is a strange romance which ended 000( 000‘ S 0, o 0GOS QOQC They made a careful investigation. Dr. Goodhart's clinical examination disclosed that there was no sign of fracture of skull or of lesion of any kind. They said the patient was suffering from amnesia. That is the technical term for loss of memory, and those about Mr. Hanna knew that this was his trouble. But with the scientists it meant much more. They had a certain definite grasp of the cause of the trouble, and they believed that the young clergyman could be cured. They made no promises. They knew they were entering upon strange fields. Here is an extract from Dr. Sidis's notes taken at the time: “‘Mr. Hanna regards the history ot his life before the accident as an experi- ence that has occurred within the life of quite another person. The accident may be considered as the boundary line separating two distinct lives of the same individual. What happened be- fore the accident is unknown to the personality formed after the accident. Two different selves seem to dwell within Hanna. It seems to be a case of double consciousness, and the patient is now in a secondary state.” It is difficult for the lay mind to un- derstand exactly what happened to Mr. Hanna. The scientists explain swiftly enough, but the ordinary mind cannot penetrate tl.ese psychological mazes. It fegogegegegegoRegrFoReR=RFoRePegFeyuRogageFeFagePoReReRooReReReRoFFoFoRoToFoF R FoB R Raf B FoReFoLals] jER-RaRaFogugel HAILI THE ERA OF GOOD FEELING By Congressman Cannon, chairman House Committee on Appropriations. foR=ReReRaRat.] [g=g=Reg=ReFeReFe-FoR-F-F-FoFoRF-FoP=-FoFeR=FoFeReToFoR-F-FeFo R PR R F oo R R Re R R R R Rk FoB=ts] N answer to an inquiry on the floor of the House I safd the other cay that the war would cost in che neighborhood of $600,000,000 if it should last one year. times as long and costs ten times as much it will be worth it all in the new feeling of unity and amity with which it has permeated the whole country and the new vista which it opens before the American people. present indications I believe that this war may be succeeded by another ‘“era of good-feeling” such as that which fol- lowed the war of 1812, in Monroe's time, continued Mr. I do not mean necessarily that the exact condi- tions are to be repeated or that party lines will b wiped But it looks as though there would be a renewal of unity and good feeliry such as has not been witnessed in American politics since the slavery question came into Cannon. out. promirence. The first requisite for an “era of good feeling” is general Our agricultural interestc seem to be entering upon a period of general improvement and revival, and the close of the war will give a great impetus to American com- merce, especially in the direction of foreign trade. he intervenes to change the present trend of events this means prosperity, good times and consequent good-feeling. For another thing, we shall have at the close of the war new interests. tention will be drawn from ourselves outside our present borders, and we shall therefore be more ready to forget our ‘Whatever may te the true solution of the problems which will confront the country when the present war has come to a close, their final disposition will require the united wisdom of the people’s leaders. prosperity. Unless some unexpected catastr present differences. If it lasts three Situation. From States (and by that I mean the people of the United States) will have a policy d:finite and decisive in dealing with the But I would not base my prediction of an era of good feeling merely on the prospect of material prosperity. my belief that the present universal manifestation of pa- triotism and good will witnessed throughout the country is not merely a sudd-n outburst destined to lle v 'thin a few weelr- or months, but a deep-seated and lasting feeling. It is the growth of years at last firding its expression and recognition in the necessities of resistance to a forelgn foe. The men and women of the younger generation who have grown up since the close of the civil war cannot appreciate what a really wonderful thing it is. memories extend back beyond that dire conflict which strained the national fabric almost to tae breaking point can fully realize how deep were the wounds that have been It is Only those of us whose healed and how fierce the passions that have been calmed. Our at- July, 1898. I be- lieve that when the time for such action comes the United 000000000000000000000000V000000000000000000000000C0C000 ‘War of this State. In the morning the Delaware frigate, several lar-e ~alleys and other continental armed vessels, the Pennsylvania ship and row galleys and guard boats were all hauled off into the river and several of them were dressed in the colprs of all nations, dis- plaved above the masts, yards and rig- ging. At 1 o'clock the ships were all manned; that fs the men were all or- dered aloft and arranged upon the top yards and shrouds. makin~ a striking appearance of men drawn up in order in the air. Then I weat on board the Delaware with the President and sev- eral gentlemen of the marine commit- tee, soon after which we were saluted with a discharge of thirteen guns, which was followed by thirteen others from each of the armed vessels in the river, then the galleys followed the fire and after them the gunboats. Then the President and company returned in the barges to the shore and were sa- luted by three cheers from every ship, galley and boat in the river. The wharves and shores were lined with a vast concourse of people, all shouting and huzzaing. * * * At 3 we went to dinner and were very agreeably en- tertained with excellent company, good cheer and music from the band of Hes- sians captured at Trenton and by con- tinual volleys between every toast from a company of soldiers.” The letter then goes on to describe the processions and salutes of the sol- .diers, and expresses the surprise of the writer in the evening to behold al- most every house lighted by candles in the windows, “though a few surly houses were dark. I had forgot,” he continues, “the ringing of bells all day and evening, and the bonfires in the I believe that the United St.tes stands absolutely alone as a nation, which, after its people hav grapple which shook the national structure to its founda- tion, has been able to forgive and forget all the animosities engendered by that conflict within the life-time of the men who participated in it. This, it seems to me, is tI > thirg which we should cele- brate and over which we should rejoice on the Fourth of 1 thank God that I have lived to see this day. I congratulate the North and the South and the whole coun- try upon it. The spectacle of the veterans of Blue and Gray marching shoulder to shoulder, of Fitzhugh Lee and Joe Wheeler and Miles and Merritt fightirg under the same flag and for their common country is to my mind the best Fourth of July procession we have had for fifty years. engaged in a death JOSEPH CANNON. streets, and the fireworks played off. Had General Howe been here in dis- guise, or his master, this show would have given them the headache.” The anniversaries had been -cele- brated in the army by the discharge of guns, the setting free of prisoners, and festivities in which the wives of the generals had been very active, Mrs. Knox and Mrs. Greene being especially interested. The year when peace was declared witnessed the introduction of the oration. Guns and bells, of course, continued to be much in evidence, and toasts were drunk and responded to at the dinners, which were provided on every village green or city common. “George Washington,” “The constitu- tion, “The United States” and *The Daughters of America” came in for a goodly share of attention in oration and in toast. “Squirrels, chickens, green should be borne in mind that there was no functional injury to Mr. Hanna's brain. The trouble may be explained thus: ‘““The trouble was caused by the cleav- age of the association cells of the brain. These cells are connected with each other and with the brain centers by prolongations, or little arms. The as- sociation cells are the channels of com- munication. Mr. Hanna's fall detached these arms. Thus evervthing relating to past events that brought them into relation with the upper consciousness, the ego of the man, was suddenly cut off. These memories sank into the sub- conscious regions.” It is like breaking an electric current, this snapping of the little arms con- necting these milllons of microscopic cells. At the instant the diagnosis was made the doctors had determined upon the treatment. They realized that it was necessary to connect the arms of the cells. to make the circuit complete. They knew that the memory, that is to say the association cells, were not dead but dormant. As they express it they were in the sub-conscious regiona. And what think you was the question they asked most eagerly and listened to with the keenest attention? They directed Mr. Hanna to tell them of his dream. They did not ask him if he had dreamed, they were sure of that. He told them he had two kinds of dreams, “clear picture dreams,” ‘visions,” as Mr. Hanna characterized them, and the ordinary dreams to which most people are subject. The ‘visions” were pic- tures of Mr. Hanna's former life. These visions were of the deepest in- terest to the doctors. They knew that the sub-consciousness was asserting it- self while the afflicted man was asleep and the upper consciousness was jor- mant. The physicians directed Mr. Hanha to come to New York. Dr. Goodhart took him to his house at 133 East Sixty-first street. There he was kept under con- stant observation night and day. From the moment the scientists first saw him until they pronounced him cured one or the other was constantly with him. At the end of the first week in New York a great change came over Mr. Hanna, and he furnished the most per- fect illustration of alternating con- sciousness that is recorded by science. So skillfully did the physicians develop the sub-consciousness that it began to assert itself at different times. It was about noon one day in Dr. Goodhart's office that Mr. Hanna fell into a sleep. Half an hour later he awoke and his primary self was in control. He was the Rev. Mr. Hanna, the Baptist clergy- man, the university man, familiar with Hebrew and Greek, with his mind per- fectly clear and conscious of all that had happened up to the time of his accident. He -vanted to know about his flancee, about his friends, about a thousand things. For half an hour he was his old self. O00000000000000000 last Tuesday in the merry peal of wedding bells. There was joy in the house in Berling street, Southington, when Miss Clark received that good news. But the primary condition lasted not more than twenty minutes. Mr. Hanna fell into a short sleep, and again he was another being—the man whose ex- istence dated from April 17, 1897. From that time on until he returned home first one consciousness and then the other asserted itself. Neither ego was conscious of the othér. In one state he had no realization of the other. But the periods of primary conscious- ness grew longer and longer, due to the psychological and chemical stimuli that were given him. Surely no scientists ever watched a more interesting strug- gle than the clash of these two person- alities in one man. They were bending their energies, their skill, their knowl- edge to weld the two, watching each breath of the patient, each flutter of an eyelid. For three or four days Mr. Hanna never passed from one state to another without sleep intervening, a hypnoleptic state as it is called, a period when he was wholly unconscious. The day came when the two con- sciousnesses met on common ground. The young man had a realization of his former life and of what had occurred since the accident. Everything came back to him. The flood of memories stunned him for a time. The whols, world was strange and confnsed. The billions of tiny brain cells were work- ing with tremendous actlvity. Then the.doctors knew that their work was done. They had brought about the cure in exactly two weeks. Mr. Hanna was directed to return to Southington. No man may know what ook place when he saw his flancee again, but every woman who feared she had lost the ‘'man whom she loves better than her life may appreeiate something of the joy of Anna Clark Cook when. her sweetheart took her in his arms. But Mr. Hanna was not wholly re- covered. He was like a man who had passed months in total darkness and suddenly came into dazzling light. He was dazed and confused. No human being could pass through so terrible an experience and come forth unaffect- ed by it. Each day it became cledrer and sweeter to him. For a time he lived in fear that the cure was not permanent, but as the months passed he gained complete con- fidence. He accepted a call in Union City, where he is now the pastor of the Baptist Church. And as for Miss Cook, surely no ‘woman was ever more deserving of her great joy than she, whose trust and confidence were so steadfast when they passed through the shadows darker than death. There was a wedding in Plantsville last Monday, and all the countryside crowded into the church to see Mr. Hanna and Miss Cook made man and wife. They rejoiced with them. The bridegroom’s father performed the ceremony, and one of the ushers was -Dr. Goodhart, who played so important - a part in the event. OCO00000C0O000000C000 CELEBRATIONS corn and vegetables of the 'season” were piled upon the tables and were free to all, while firewater as well as fireworks abounded. The introduction. of the “oration,” however, chiefly dis- tinguishes the celebration of 1783, and dates from that time. This was the “Jublilee,”” and was the most elaborate of all celebrations up to that time. Three of the signers of the Declaration were still living, although the weakness of old age prevented them from taking an active part in the festivities. The struggle of the South American countries to throw off the yoke of Spain and the popular sym- pathy with Greece helped to inspire the American people. Bands, bells, can- non and processions abounded, and the oration held a conspicuous part. Jo- siah Quincy was the orator in Boston, Edward Everett in Cambridge, while in Washington an “honorable member” delivered a great speech before a greater crowd from the steps of the Capitol. New York had not yet made s0o much of the oration as hdd some of the other cities, but did not lack in en- thusiasm. A long procession marched from the Battery to Washingtonsquare’ and was there reviewed .by De Witt Clinton, the Governor of the State. Ten thousand people were -in the as- sembly and alded in disposing of the “ox feast” which had been provided. The enthusiasm throughout the lan was intense. The ‘“Monroe doctrine, the “liberty of man,” “the oppression of effete monarchies” were expressions used not only by the orators Lut hy all men. Doubtless the “jubilee’ pro- . "SINCE 1776. vided a.mighty impulse for tho natlon, then just passing out from its child- hood. Marvelous were the changes which the-fifty years had witnessed since the Jubilee, but they were no greater than the changes in the method .of .celebrat- ing’ the great event in American his- tory. Noise of bells and cannon was still retained, to the inexpressible dex light of young America, but science, art and literature all received their due share of attention. Upon the very spot where the republic was born, Hon. Joseph R. Hawley extended a welcome to the friends of all nations assembled there, and then resigned the chair to the Vice-President of the United States. William® M. Evarts delivered an oration upon “What the Age Osves to America,” poems by Holmes and ‘Bayard Taylor were read and “Our Na- tional Banner, a Grand Triumphal March,” written by Dexter Smith, was rendered. 5 Great as was the enthusiasm mani- fested in the quaint old Quakér town, it was but-little in advance of that dis- played in every city and village'in the nation. The ‘‘centenmial”’ will be re- membered not only for its material display, but for its orations and poems as well. Among the various Fourth of July orators on that occasion were Richard S. Storrs, Henry Ward Beech- er, George William Curtis, Horatio Sey- mour, Lucius E._ Chittenden, Henry Barnard, Cortlandt Parker, John A, Dix, Fernando Wood, Leonard Bacon, Robert C. Winthrop and innumerable other lesser lights.