The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, April 11, 1897, Page 27

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, SUNDAY, APRIL 11, 1897. It ¢l Al Dy A A L*’:fi@ L 1 heard him for aday or two befora I to utter. If you listen for them you will | rang from the tree tops, and the hills sent | h with him, g I the determina- Half a dozen have thought I finally tion of fin times this spri it that ringing, musical shout from | says, hopping from twig to twigaboveyou | him quite unexpected some tall tree top. Once I fancied I saw the bird, but creeping nearer the visitor vroved to be the varied thrush, one of the Landsomest of our coast birds. But when at las: the genuine note greeted my ears a morning or two ago I knew that I had been misled on other occasions. The song was unmistakable. No bird but the black- headed grosbeak sings justthat way, loud, clear, decided, a brillisnt whistling per- formance, full of defiance, of exultation and brimming-over jollity. weet! sweet!” He calls, and then the words tumbling out as though he were in the biggest sort of a hurry and afraid you should miss him after all. here I am! here I am!” slurring the frst two words with a rising inflection and dropving on the “am.” They are not all in the imagination of bird lovers, these phrases that birds seem “ Sweet! | *‘Here Iam! | recognize them plain as plain. Listen to the little black-capped titmouse introducing | himself: - “Cnick-a-dee! -chick-a-dee!” ne | surveying you first with one bright eye. | then with the other, as though wondering | why you do not reciprocate his politeness | | by telling your own nsmes. Ifyou heara | townee call you will never wonder where | | be gets his name, and the meadow-larks | bave hal? a dozen plain words. There is | one lark that I hear every morning up on | the hill. He always seems to be cailing | just as I open my door in the early hours | and he says, “Miss McCarty! Miss Carty!” making a delicious musical mouthful of the “a” and rolling out the | “r’ with a bubbling trill that sounds | right from the “ould sod.” I must go up there some day and see if Miss McCarty | ever comes. Iam sure she ought to. { It was the second day after hearing his | song that I started out to find the black- headed grosbeak. His whistle seemed to | 1ccvme from every direction at once. h& it back. It sounded simuitancously in | the willows by the stream and from the | pasture above my head, but I came upon | at lastin a pi half-burnt brush, singing away as if he | would burst his throat. | There are two other birds with which | the novice may confound the black-headed | grosbeak. One of these is the Oregon | towhee, or ground rovin, which sometimes appears about here in the early spring. 1 do not remember to have seen one this year, but last year in the late winter L encounteed several. Pipilo Oregonis is a bird about the size of our common ground robin, with a shiny black head and back, upper-part of the breast black, with the | sides of the body and under wing coverts | a reddish brown. He is black-and-white in wings and tail and the lower parts orl bis body are white. He has a black bill, which is more slender than that of the grosbeak, and bright red eyes. In fact, | upon analysis, about the only mark he | bas in common with the grosbeak is the | |of my own, I should wonder how the black head, and this in our bird is marked off at tho back by a distinct light coliar, which the Oregon towhee does not have. The grosbeak bas a heavy olive-hued bill, | tlesh-colored at the base; his turoat, breast and under parts are a light cinnamon brown, the middle of belly and under wing coveris pale yellow that at times looks whitish; there is a white band across his wings and some white in his tail on the turee outer primsries, near the tips. His eyes are brown. 1t I had not made a great many mistakes varied thrush could ever be taken for the | grosbeak, yet experience teaches me that | this is rather a frequent tlunder. Inex- perienced students go afield to find the | bluck-headed bird, and eagerly greet any | feathered creature bearing this somewhat | common mark. The varied thrush has a handsome black head, a throat and breast | of deep orange red, setoff by a glossy black crescent from shoulder to shoulder. There isa patch of orange above the eye, con- | tinuing to a stripe back of it; his belly is white; he bas two light orange-colored | bands across his wings, and most of his tail featbers have a terminal patch of grayish white. He has a rather long, stightly curved biack bill and yellow feet. | These thrushes, also called the Western | robin, are quite frequent visitors about the | bay during the winter, and are said to | have a pleasant song, which I have never | heard. During the earlicr spring there | were several pairs about the house, but | they seers all to have disappeared a fort- | night since. | Except knowing the plants there isno | greater delight when we take our walks | abroad than to be able to recognize the | birds we hear and see. Scientific accuracy | is by no means necessary to this pleasure. For all practical purposes it is enough to | know that yonder little brown bird on the | mustard stalk is a flycatcher. Whether it or Cassin’s flycatcher need not trouble your mind any more thanit does his as he sits there elevating and depressing his tail and shaking his wings in true fly- be Townsend’s, Hammond’s, Say’s, Traill’s ' | | | | to the ground. | of congenial people, will not bring one | catcher fashion. In general he is your fly- ! catcher and mine, and in the ultimate he belongs to the great scheme of nature, and there is One who knoweth should he fall You may know that he is a flycatcher by observing him as his work. He goes at this in characteristic fashion, perching in a favorable spot, watching for passing insects, then darting forth, seiz- ing his prey and flying back to his perch. Nogther bird feeds in quite this way. Then his constant trick of jerking his tail | up and down and shaking his wings wil serve to ldentify him. The flycatchers belongz to this continent, and are not singers. “Ilong to get out into the country and see the creatures perform,” some one said to me recently. Ah, but admission is not so easily obtained as that. If we hold sea- son tickets and walk worthily as we go about the woods and fields we shall see what we shall see and be blest in the see- ing, but to go out from the city, to climb | a well-worn trail with a goodly company o the haunts of the birds. We must | leave the mainly traveled roads and take 10 the byways. Goldfinches, yellow war- blers, buntings and robins, are to be seen readily encugh in frequented places, but in the deep canyons are the shy thrushes, among the high-growing woods are the wood warblers and tanagers, the wrens, vireos and the fleet-footed grouna birds, quail, partridge, woodcock and half a hun- dred others that we can get to know and love in their life. It is not necessary to kill a bird to know it. John Burronghs tells somewhere of meeting on his tramps a thrush of a variely unknown to him. He had never seen the bird before, 8o he shot it to get a good look at1t. It proved to be the gray-cheeked thrush, a rare va- riety of the Turdide. “I would give much to hear its song,” says ihe writer in closing his account of how he silenced the songster. The man abroad with a gun abandons pro tem. his responsibility to nature. The sportsmar’s instinct seems stronger than the human. On the coast of Nova Scotia some years ago there was known to exist a great auk, the last of its spscies. A hunter went forth one day and shot it and the ereat auk became extinct. Enough birds have been killed in every locality, have been identified and described, to enabie the ratient student to identify, with the aid of keys, almost any bird he is likely to en- counter. If you are setting out for a sys- tematic study of the subject a good hand- book of the birds will be helpful in giving youa general idea. There is none that covers the field ou this coast, but as biras are broad-minded travelers, with no petty prejudices against East or West, some va- risties of most Eastern species are sure to | be found here, and the guides to the birds of Eastern North America wiil be found useful in the West as well. It is impor- tant to visit as many good coliections of birds as possible. A gooa fieldgless is an essential in studying birds, but the wise | stadent will accustom himself to watch ing them with the unaided eye as well as with the glass. Itis easy to become de- vendent uvon the latter. Wken out on a bird Lunt dark-gray or brown ciothing is best to be worn and a soft cap that cannot be hurt by crawling through bushes, o, as is sometimes nec- essary in creeping near to a shy bird, by fastening leaves and branches upon it as ascreen. It is necessary to walk softly, and the best point of vantage for observa- tion is usually close to the trunk of a tree, where, sitting or standing quietly, one be- comes to all appearances a part of the landscape. More often than not, on first looking up no birds are to be seen, but a livtle peering about will show them if they are there. Usually the shadow of a bird will be noticed first. It willfall upon the ground or show among the leaves and reveal the more substantial figure causing it. Itis vselessto try to make the bird out until we get between it and the sun. It is imvossible to see colors with the sun in our eyes. The points to notice if the bird is a stranger, is size, and it is con- venient out here to record the size with reference to the size of the robin, sparrow or goldfinch. These represent three types and are familiar to most of us, What is the coler? Has the bird any conspicuous markings, and how are they distributed ? If there are none is the color cf the upper parts uniform or are these parts mottled ? Thne wings may have one or two bars of white. There may be white markin :s on the tail. Note the shape, length and car- risge of the tail. White, particularly where it shews in fiight, is about the easiest of identification marks to remem- ber. Tbe white bars on the goldfinch’s wings are very conspicuous when he tlies. The snowbird shows two conspicuous white tail feathers in flying and may be known by them. The song sparrow also | has two white tail feathers. This little bird has a way of running along the road before one, flying ahead a little distance as he is approached, and the white feath- ers show very plainly then. The wrens may be known by their short wings and saucy, up-tilted tails. In time the differ~ ent varieties become familiar to us and easily identified. Ths bill should be no- ticed, Is it longer or shorter than the bird’s head? What is its color? Isit tlat or round, hooked, crossed, blunt, pointed or unusually large and heavy? The color of the feet is often of importance as a guide in identifying. The birds are suspicious and he who would observe them mustgo about with an air of having plenty of business of his own to attend to. The fieldglass must bs raised ceutiously. I havefrightened many a bira by neglecting this rule. We may make a note of all these points and when we reach home look them up in some re- liable bird book. Perhaps Chapman’s “*Birds of Eastern North America” is the best for beginners and, if not relied upon too implicitly, Cooper's volume on birds in the California geodetic survey may be suggestive and helpful. The study will seem a blind sort of one at first, but pa- tience and perseverance will eventually bring system out of the tangle and con- tantly increasing pleasure as well. ApELINE KxuapP. A pound of phosphorus heads 1,000,000 matches. England’s Proposed “ The English Government is engaged in building what it hopes will be, when com- plete, the fastest boat in the world. Its object in constructing this craft is to possess a vessel the Admiral Porter, owned by the United States and until a short time ago known as ‘Torpedo-boat No. 6. This crait that Britain is building is designed to steam 33 knots an hour—a trifle less than 38 miles. The Express—for that is the name of the proposed record-breaker—is now in that will be superior to | main engine. The tota’ cooling surface is | 3040 square feet 2nd the total heating sur- | face 8500 square feet. The grate surface is | 178 square feet. In front of the boilers are air bulkheads, the air inlet doors of which | close automatically whenever & bursting tube or other accident causes ar escape of | steam and a resulting pressure on the | boiler side of the buikhead. astest War will be armed with a ram that will, ac- cording to calculations, be able to pierce | the sides of a battle-sh As far as danger to herself is concerned, if a battle-ship or any other armored craft snhould strike her a fair blow she woula be | mere likely 10 turn turtle than to sink. | Her steering appaiatus is of such a nature that it will act much more quickly than | superior to thot Vessel” Afloat in the World, the “Express” in any torpedo-boat de- stroyer afloat. The broblem of air to the | people who live between decks has always been very unsatisfactory in point of solu- tion. No matter how perfect the apparatus for giving them plenty of oxygen,there has | always been a sad lack of the elements | that go to make up the purity of armos- | phere. The Express, however, 1s to have part by the accompanying illustration. It| is further apparent, too, that while on | all heavy, on the will be of use in very rough water. The Express will carry no sail, mast and rigging she has being what | intended | decks and the firing is done through port- holes. A shot from the 12-pounder, how- | most vessels of this sort the crew is com- | ever, would send the majority of torpedo- | pelled to remain below when the sea is at | boats, with all on board, to Davy Jones’ her. The illustration herewith shows exactly | for signal purposes. The executive offi- | how the Express will look when steaming | process of construction at the shipyards | of Laird Bros. at Birkenhead. Her en- gines are to be capable of attaining 10,000 tndicated horsepower. power of t tiny boat—for she is of only The tremendouns | 350 tons burden—can best be appreciated | by consi 2 the fact that she will be able, if the plans succeed, to aevelop fully | as great an engine-power as the Renown, a battle-ship now building for England | which will bave a displacement of 12,350 tons. The Expres ment one 12-pounder quick- five 6 and 3 pounder quic and two Whitehead torpedoes. While it is not known with certaints how the machinery will be arranged or tne exact dimensions thereof, it is under- stood they will be as follows: Each set of engines will have fouf cylinders, diameters of which will be: High pres- sure, 1 inches; intermediate, inche % 4 will have as an arma- | firing guns | | the | two low pressure of 33); inches. | that that is exactly the truth in the case. England has noexpectation of going to war with Uncle Sam, but she dees not relish ! | the fact that we are beating her in naval Express the decks | locker, for when a torpedo-boat sinks there | construction. is, as a rule, small hope for those who man | L. 8. SELF-DEPENDENCE. Weary of myself, and sick of asking What I am, and what I ought to be, At this vessel’s prow I stand, which bears me Forward, forward, o’er the starlit sea. And a look of passionate desire O’er the sea and 10 the siars I send; “Ye who from my childhood up have ealmed me, Calm me, ah, compose me to the end! “Ah, once more,” I cried, “ye stars, ye waters, Oa my heart your mighty charm renew; Still, still let me, as I gaze upon you, Feel my soul becoming vast, like you!” From the intense, clear, star-sown vault of heaven, Over the lit sea’s unquiet way, In the rushing night air came the answer, “Wouldst thou be &s these are? Live as they? “Unaffrightened by the silence round them, Undisturbed by the sights they see, These demand not that the things without them Yield them love, amusement, sympathy. “And with joy the stars perform their shining And the sea its long moou-silvered roll; For seli-poised they live, nor pine with noting All the fever of some differing soul. DN A o i 2 In their own tasks all their powers pouring, These attain the mighty life you see.” ach engine is of the three stage com- | pound tyve, the stroke for ail cylinders | beinz eighteen inches. The most | noticeable point about the engine lies in | the arrangement of the valves. and intermediate pressure cranks similarly located, although at right angles to the high and intermediate cranks. The arrangement described renders the design of valves adopted possible. All the valves are combined above another, in one chamber, each pair naving & common valve-rod. The result of this is a reduction of the number of moving parts and renders possible that very desirable arrangement of placing the engine in less fore and aft space. The air-pump is worked,direct from the main crank sbaft. This latter is prolonged through a small crank shaft, a coupling joining the two. The diameter of the pump 1s nineteen inches and its length of stroke four inches. The material used is such as to render breakages necessarily rare, for both piston and top cylinder covers are made of forged steel. indrical copper condenser, each 54-inch tubes, is attached to every The high | are | in pairs, one | | TORPEDO-BOAT DESTR OYER “EXPRESS,” BEIN G BUILT BY ENGLAND TO BEAT OUR NEW NAUTICAL FLYER, “ADMIRAL PORTER.” | The construction of the boat with re- gard to safety, if the plans are carried out, will be as remarkable as her capacity for speed. ments that her size will permif, and al- though the ordinary torpedo-voat can be | | smashed like an eggshell, this destroyer { She will have all the compart- | | that of the ordinary craft. If sheanswers | vents for the foul air and modes of ingress | cer, or the captain, as the case may be, | her helm perfectly it will be possible to | for fresh air that will resuitin supplying | stands on the little square bridge just | turn the boat almost as quickly and easily asone would rein a horse to either side of | the road or turn about. An attempt will be made to have the | | 2ccommodations for officers and crew | ail hands with a which the Jungs need so much, Besides this, the ventilating system is a great improvement over that of all other | craft of a similar class. This is shown in | that point. From the conning-tower and turret combined, on whicn the bridge| rests, projects the 12-pound rapid-fire gun. Most of the guns, however, are between | in search of victims. That she wili make the speed intended Laird Bros. are will- full measure of that | abaft the winch and cons the ship from |ing to pledge a heavy forfeit. While Brit- ish Government officials poohpooh the idea of her being ‘built for the purpose of excelling the Admiral Porter I am enabled to staie upon the very highest authority O air-born voice! long since, severely cles A cry like thine in mine own heart I hear; “Resolve to be toyself; and know that he Who finds himself loses his misery!” MATTHEW ARNOLD. Not of Recent Origin. In a certain part of Banfishire, Scot- land, where the roads are as nearly pre- cipitons as may be imagined, a litile girl was one day employed in her usual task of herding the cows. A minister, newly settled in the parish, coming suddenly upon her, remarked: “These are awlul hiils you have here, lassie.” Ovezcome, doubtless, with the feeling of awe for the cioth so common in Scot- land, the frightened lassie answered, in apologetic tones: “’Deed, sir; they were here afore we ooraLl e St. Louis is the largest tobacco manu- facturing center in the world. ]ohn Bonner's Views on the Future Prospects of the University of California The regents of the university will be confronted at their meeting on Tue:day with the elternative of abolishing the viticultural and horticultural departments or of providing for their maintenance out of the fund intended for the general ob- jects of the institution. Tne Governor’s veto of the special appropriation for their supportdevolved upon the regents the duty of deciding whether it is best 10 lei thoss departments lie in abeyance for a couple of years or {o carry them on by stining the educational branches of the university. And while the value of the viticultural department and the horticultural stations is not to be questioned, it is less than that of the work of the university atlargein | fulfillipg its general purpose of instrue- tion, o that ths regents could hardiy be censured if they sacrificed the smaller duty so as to be able to fulfill the greater. The trouble has arisen from the unex- pected development of the demand for higher education in this State. Ten years ago there were 303 students et the univer- sity and the Legislature felt that it was liberal in adding to its other sources of in- come 1cent on each $100 of property—a resource which yielded $98,000 1n 1887 and $112,000 in 1896. Now therc are 1564 stu- dents, besides 720 in the affiliated depart- ments. The sum of $112,000 voted this year—half of which is to be reserved for permanent improvements—is only a trifle in comparison with the sum which is really needed to enable the university to fulfill its purpose. How widespread is the craving for higher education may be realized from the tact that while the un- dergraduate roll at Berkeley has swollen in ten years from 306 to 2274 the new Le- 1and Stanford University is educatinz 1100 studznts, and the rush of spplicants is such that Mrs. Stanford, in ber recent ad- mirable address to the trustees, observes: ““We should not be ambitious'to increase. the present number of students for some years.”’ All over the uUnited States the public mind is permeated with the great truth that high civilization and popular self- government depend on the development of university geulture, and that public money cannot be better employed than in | supporting institutions of bigher educa- | tion. the old ‘ less than a million income; some have | considerably more; even in such new | States as Wisconsin and Nebraska, witn | | less than half as many university pupils | as we nave, the Legislatures have granted | 41/ cents ana 83/ cents on the $100 of prop- ] to support | lerty valuation respectively their universities; while the institutionat | Berkeley is struggling along with §260,000 a year. | In every partof this wide country peo- ple are realizing that if government by the | peovie is to be a success it must beadmin- istered by men of conscience and cuiture. As President Jordan well put it, “Notbing | can save the Nation if it consists of weak- {lings and fools, with an aristoeracy of | knaves as their masters.”” 1t is being felt | allround that the salvation of democracy is the modern university with its high ideals, | which impart wisdom and fitness to the | common man. Hence tho throng of young men and women who crowd the avenues to university porials. Lawmakers should see to it that these hungry and thirsty souls do not go awav unsatistied. A beg- garly pittance of $56,000 a year will not answer the purpose, where 2274 pupils are craving for instruction. Universal suffrage, which is the govern- ment of the state by the most ignorant portion of its citizens, is only justified by the impracticability of any alternative; but universal suffrage under a regime of high mental development wrought out by | a university might be ss nearly ideal & system of government as is practicable | with the imperfections of humanity. ‘*We hope,’” said thbe president of Stanford at the opening of that university, ‘‘to give to our students the priceless legacy of the educated man, the powéer of knowing what really is, s0° that he can lead and teach.” S0 anotheér president, the vener- abie Dr.Woolsey of Yale, said be was edu- cating “‘the captains of men.” Agassiz poured-the same thought into vivid words when - he 'said:- “There are necessities which only the destitute student knows. There is a hunger and thirst whick only Few of the older universities have | the hichest charity can understand and | relieve; every do!lar given for bigh educa- tion, in whatever department of knowl- edge, is likely to have a greater influence on the future character of our Nation than | even the thousands, hundreds of thou- sands and millions which we have spent or are spending to raise the many to material ease and comfort.”” Itis only in our day that the value of education has begun to be realized, and that we rank the teacher alittle above the tailor. We build palaces for our petty | Jarcenists, but we lodee our leaders of | thought in shanties. Whatis the conse- | auence? Listen to the speeches delivered at public meetings, and to the doctrines applauded by the masses! Note how often politicians pretend to entertain | | opinions which in their hearts they loathe, and contribute ignoble pages to the his- tory of their times. A wider diffusion of knowledge and truth, such as would flow | from the influence of high-bred university graduates, would send these hypocrites bowling to their holes, overwhelmed by | pullic scorn. In the absence of that in- fluence we send to Congressnot our wisest men, but those who think as the majority of the people think. Californians will not do justice to them- seives or their State until their university can count upon an income of a million a {year. It was Emerson who said thata dollar in a university is worth more than And the dollar must be contributed by the state. It isbeyond the power of individuals to found and main- tain educational institutions which shall stamp their impress on the people at large; hence, most of our State constitu- tions provided that some measure of edu- cation should be supplied at the public expense, leaving its expansion to the judgment of an enlightened fature. How much it should cost to train & pupil ac- cording to the| rules of modern high edu- cation it were difficult to say; but as.the true function ot the university professor is not to deliver lectures or hear recitations, butto stimulate the student’s ardor for research and to guide him in his study, it is evident that the best results will be at- tained where the number of students is not unduly large. At Chicago, President Harper reckons | that a professor is doing his duty if he | trains thirty pupils. In the universities | of the past several score of students were taught by one professor, and all were edu- | cated on one uniform plan. Butyoung | men are not uniform; they are all unlike; the training which develops one will be | thrown away upon another. To do his duty a professor must know the aptitude of his scholars, and treat each of them ac- cordingly. Again, it is great teachers who make great universities, and great teachers, like great lawyers and great doctors, are high priced. *House your university in a tent if need be,” said Cardinal Newman, “‘but stock it with the ablest men you can find anywhere.” Some forty odd years ago the University of Toronto wanted a professor of natural history. Among the applicants was an Englishman named Thomas Huxley, who was known as the author of ingenious vapers on science. It was evident that he knew his business, but he had a com- petitor in the person of a graduate of the university, and the authorities, desiring to foster native talent, gave the post to the Canadian and declined Huxley’s ser- vices. They may have been wise in their day and generation. But as a matter of fact there are well-informed people to- day who never heard of the University of Toronto, whereas if Huxley had been a professor there it would have become famous and would have attracted stu- '} dents from all parts of the world, It is strong men who make universities strong. Some one may say that the aspirations of the advocates of higher education con- | template an expenditure which peonle cannot afford. Suppose we.reckon what ignorance and its consequences—crime and pauperism—cost, and calculate how much money, would be spared for the right tratning of mankind if the outlay for these expenditures were reduced. At the present day the people of France and Germany are kept poor by the enormous expense of their armies and navies. The States of this Union spend enough for , volice, criminal courts, the prosecution of crime and the maintenance of hospitals and asyiums for the sick, for paupers and lunatics to endow universities richer than any now existing anvwhere in the world. Now, the fruiz of high education—not mere book learning, but the training of the mind and the heart—is to restrain the tendency to crime, to take away the vocation of the policeman and the crim- inal Judge, to check the spread of disease, to diminish the volume of pauperism and insanity, to prevent the occurrence of in- ternational quarrels and to restore to pro- ductive industry the millions of men who are now enlisted as soldiers. This is made ciearly manifest by a glance at the past. The story of history is a tale of endless human suffering from wars, faminss, epi- | demics, waste and brutality. As educa- tion has made progress, these several causes of woe have gradualiy diminished in intensily; there are fewer wars, slavery has disappeared, disease is kept in check, famines are rare, crime is less rampant. With education have come knowledge, wisdom, tolerance and kindness. Within a century, prisoners for debt in New Eng- land were confined in ceilars out of whose windows the wretched caplives stretched their hands to passersby begging for a crust of bresd, and at the same time Pennsylvanians with shotguns drove yel- low fever patients out of the suburbs of Philadelphia. From such an abyss of barbarism, -our progress in a single century certainly warrants the beliet that another century will witness a correspond- ing advancement in further civilization. Already signs are not wanting that the psendo-virtue called patriotism, which has inspired some of the worst.crimes in his- tory, is making way for a.wider concep- tion of humanity and a higher manhood, ‘based on love of man, is taking its place. Its progress is slow. Old’ traditionsare deep rooted. The conservative element is always patent, and the sensitive reformer shrinks from inviting the epithet of crank. But, in the language of one of our best thinkers whom I have already quoted, *‘the decline and fall of venerable institu- tions is the breaking of the clods over the growing man. as man moves on.” Perhaps—who shall say?—the govern- ments of the future will embrace not three branches—the legisiative, the ex- ecutive and the judicial—but four, the fourth being the educational. It would not be a novelty. Time was when the universities of Paris, Oxford and Leyden | were part, and a very important part, of the gevernments of their respective coun- tries. It was the University of Paris which burned Joan of Arc. Oxford hes for centuries sent two members to Parlia- ment, generally the most distinguished members of the bedy. Leyden was a rampart bebind which Dutch Protestant- ism defied its foes. Nor was therc any- thing incongrdous in the power which gradually fell into the hands of these uni- versities They counted among their members the ablest men of the day, and if they made mistakes the mistakes are chargeable to the spirit of their age and to the imperfect development af its philosophy. Andeal university at Berkeley should be a leader of California thought, not sec. tarian or partisan, but such thought as is naturally evolved from first principles by honest searchers after truth. The expo- nents of that thought would be the mem- bers of the academic senate with the post- | graduate body. But it is hardly necessary to observe that this.ides will be a mere iridescent dream. so long as the institu- tion has to live on a pittance of $260,000 a year. Such a pauper institution cannot indulge hopes of an efficient post-graduat body. Vs Unless future legislatures should realize the importance of granting to Berkeleyan income which will enable it to' cope with similar institutions at tbe East, the Re- gents will sooner or later be compelled to consider the conditions which have in. aucec Mrs. Stanfora to warn the trustee: at Palo Alto against increasing the under- graduate body JonN BONNER. e Police Who Are Linguists. The police of Kobe, Japan, are perhaps the greatest linguists among the police Kings and nations recede | forces of the world. Already many of {ms patrolmen speak English, French and German. Now, according to tbe Japan Daily Herald, the Governor of Kanagawa Ken proposes to develop the police train- ing school as the first step in anticipation of the enforcement of the revised foreign treaties. The inspectors and policemen of Kobe are to be taught and trained in the English, French, Russian, Chinese and Korean languages, as well as in Jujitsu. The principal of the school is to be the chief inspector of police, and to policemen in service outside of the city who are pupils of the school pampbhiets called the “Police Conversation Book” are to be dis- tributed twice a month or oftener. These are to be supplied also to the policemen of other prefectures at their request. These regulations went into effect on the first of this present month. e e The Most Precious Sword. Perhaps the most precious sword in ex- istence is that of the Gaekwar of Baroda. Its hilt and belt are incrusted with dia- monds, rubies and emeraids, and it is valued at £220,000. The Shah oi Per- sia possesses a sword valued at £10,000. His father wore it on his first visit to Europe, There are some costly swords in India, and both the Czar and the Sultan possess jeweled sabers of great price. The most valuable sword in England is the one presented by the Esyptians to Lord Wolseley. The hilt is set with brilliants and is valued at £2000. XEW TO-DAY: CONSUMPTION To THE EDITOR : I have anabsolute Cure for CONSUMPTION and all Bronchial, Throat and Lung Troubles, and all conditions of Wasting Away. By its timely use thousands of apparent- Iy hopeless cases have been permanently cured, S0 Broot-positive am Lot its power to cure. [ will send FRAE to anyone aflicted, THREE BOTTLES of my Newly Discovered Remedies, upon receipt of Expressand Postofficeaddress. Always sincerely yours, T SLOCUM, M.C., 183 Poar] St. New York. ‘When writing thé Doctor, pleaso meation this paper.