The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, July 14, 1895, Page 17

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, SUNDAY, JULY 14, 1895. 17 MARVELS e e The expected completion of the Yerkes telescope before the end of the present year awakens many thoughts and hopes and fe in the minds of astronom- ical students throughout the world, as to the possibilities vested in the elaborate equipment of the new observatory Like the Lick telescope, it has bfen manufactured with the view of surpassing all others previousiy made. i If it were but a matter of money, size and time, fulfillment might be assumed, but optical science has to contend \\u_h irawbacks that strengthen and grow in proportion to the size of the lens. There is no doubt, however, but that the munificence of Mr. Yerkes in the cause of science will yield great and cndurmg‘ Te- sults. On an elevation near the shores of Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, many miles removed from the disadvantages of city surround- ings, a cruciform structure has been v with a view to stability, k walls and domed no small share of dome on ) diameter, | great tele- erected, ma though its gray roofs have also attained architectural merit. The the west side, being ninety { will afford scope, whic All importan s than usual thought and stuc b ruction of a large telescope and its ssories is no longer an untrodden path scope, both for the akes and the adoption of | general aspect 1o the | with w h American as- | large porti#n of the Cali- c are already familiar. The , which alone weighs six tons, | ameter from 42 inches near the | t the central part and 38 at the | 1, and is 62 feet in length, being two and four inches wider in diame- e tube at Mount Hamilton. | On account of the unfortunate tendency | of the: vy tubes to flexure, or a droop- | ing of both ends from the propped up cen- | tral part, which is fastened to the decline- | tion axis, special care has been given to | shows, Lic k refr | now a member of the staff. o MODERN ASTRONCMY Rose O Ha”o;’ol\ sun will be taken every few minutes on | clear days. | The chief center of attraction, the 40- | inch lens, first designed for a proposed Southern California observatory, will be | devoted to those researches that are most thwarting to the powers of average instru- ments; such as the discovery of new satel- | lites, nebular and planetary details, and close double stars, which have been chiefly discovered by Professor S. W. Burnham, The coming winter will probably ¥ore- cast the achievements of the great tele- scope. Those who understand the possi- bilities of optical science are not likely to be disappointed, but the enthusiasts who are yearning for a message from Mars will no doubt find that interplanetary signal service is still in a backward condition. A short account of the other great ob- | servatories of the world may be of some interest at this time. Of the Lick Observatory, already a famil- iar subject to the reading public, it need only be said that it will prove a close rival to any astronomical institution likely to ap- | pear for many years. | As terrestrial divisions are of little mo- | ment in a science that reacaes beyond the | stars, the *‘four corners of the earth” being | |in a square tube of steel which is als the knowledge gained by means of the spectroscope of the vaporous materiat of which the luminous orbs of heaven are | composed; and also includes the photo- graphic discoveries withheld from tele- work, an extensive astronomical librai containing many rare and valuable books, and is thus fully fitted to compete in work with any of the FEuropean institutions. Consider- ing the bleak northern skies through which it seeks to penetrate the mys- teries of space, its contributions to science are of solid value, though start- ling discoveries do not often emanate from that distant shrine. The ciose rivalry to the Pulkowa 1nstru- ment is the more recently erected 299-10 inch refractor of Nice. The gift to science of M. Bischoffsheim, a wen[tfiy banker of Paris, it has the ad- vantage of many previous experiments, of an altitude of 11,000 feet and of a genial sky. It must be admitted, however, that the mists of the Mediterranean hovering over Mount Gros, on the once barren sum- mit of which it has been erected, interfere seriously with the good definition of ob- served objects. The still further discour- aging news also comes that it is the experi- ence of M. Perrotin, the director, that two hours’ work with a large instrument is as fatiguing as eight with a small one, the ‘labor increasing in proportion to the cube of the aperture, the chances of seeing de- creasing in the same ratio, while the gain in enlarged views rarely keeps pace with the disadvantages. He is admirably true to science in thus putting the outcome of the expenditure in the light in which it has appeared to him. In the extensive inclosure on the moun- tain top the buildings are unconnected, which may be inconvenient to the astrono- mers, but it is an advantage in the use of the smaller instruments which are freer from draughts and obstructing higher | domes. 5 A peculiar feature is the method of re- scopic vision. The 32-inch lens is mounted volving the large dome, which is nearly MEUDON OBSERVATORY, NEAR PARIS. [Reproduced from an engraving.] o | adupted to hold a 24-inch lens specially | suited for photographic work. & The spectroscopic equipment will soon place the observatory in the lead ot astro- Lysical research,and the specimens of | photography that have already appeared | are of the highest excellence. 3 A reflecting telescope three feet and a third | in diameter completes the important part | of the equipment, which will owe much THE YERKES TELESCOPE — CLEAR APERTURE OF OBJECTIVE, 40 INCHES. [From an approved engraving.] attain rigidity in its construction, as such ) flexure counteracts to some extent the ex- cellence of lens and eyepiece. chanical contri- 5o given the full vances the mounting is benefit of past experie Asin the case of all giant refractors, it | has an equatorial motion, and keeps pace | by means of a driving clock with the move- | ment of the heavenly bodies westward, thus counteracting the effect of the earth’s | rotation. The movable floor is nearly similar to that of Mount Hamilton, but, with the movements of the dome and telescope, is controlled by electric motors | convenient to the observer. The two smaller domes will be used for telescopes of medium size, one a 12-inch and the other a 16-inch, and between them is a room occupied by the heliostat, an | instrument so constructed as to cause the \beam under observation to remain fixed and unaffected by the diurnal motion. The meridian-room at the east end of the structure is destined to hold a telescope of more than ordinary efficiency for observ- ing heavenly bodies on the meridian and <ing accurate measurements of their positions, The meridian circle, as it is named, is devoted exclusively to this most important duty of an observatory. Spectroscopic, physical and chemical laboratories, photographic apartments, a library and many other accessories to a thoroughly equipped observatory occupy | the central portion of the building. The director, Professor George E. Hale, will devote special attention in person to | solar observations, and photographs of the |\ all too limited for the aim in view, the description will procged in the order of size and efficiency without regard to coun- | try, continent or period of construction. Itis not generally und of arefractor, must be about double its tubular diameter, and then weight and unwieldiness hamper its useand accuracy, | though for photographic and spectro- scopic work it possesses compensating facilities that leave the conceded superi- ority of the refractor open to some excep- tion On the ground of ence, the large refractors will be considered first and separately. Five miles west of Paris the ruined Castle of Meudon, once the scene only of roval pageantry and revels, is now devoted to a nobler use and holds in its lordly tower an instrument destined for greater achieve- ment than any of the royal occupants of | former years. More than thirty-two inches | in diameter and fifty-five feet in focal length, it is inferior in size only to the Lick and the Yerkes telescopes. Somewhat unique in construction, it has been made with a view to meeting the requirements of the *‘new astronom were a secondary consideration in the de- signing of a giant telescope. _ This so-called new branch of the science 1s comparatively new to mankind, preoc- w and superstitions, while the great works of nature rested unknown. After halfa century of investigation it is still in its infancy, though with a promis- ing future opening before it. It deals with | eclipse in _the line of totality. tood that a re-| flecting telescope, in order to be the peer | eneral prefer- | » whicn previously | (‘!l{\i(‘d as they have hitherto been with | of its efliciency to the scientitic zeal of M. Janssen, the director, who was the first to that the solar flames could be without the sheltering shadow of an eclipse. This noted French savant it was who soared in a balloon beyond the reach of German rifies during the siege of | Paris for the purpose of viewing a solar | Unfortu- | trated his efforts | nately a cloudy day fru: | and the instruments he had conveyed un- | | der such ditficulties were unused. ‘ Though advanced in years he ascended | | to the summit of Mont Blanc in 1890, and | took some vainable solar observations at | | that high altitude, where an observatory | | has since been established. | The director of the Imperial Observatory, | Pultowa, Russia, ordered a lens thirty | inches in diameter from Messrs. Clark of | | Boston in 1879, and what at that time was | the largest refracting telescope in the world was completed in 1882, It is considered to | have a slight advantage over the Lick in the matter of color correction and the ob- | trusive violet halo is less congpicuous in observations on that account. The mount- ing of the polar axis was officially com- mended by Professor Newcomba few years ago, when visiting the European observa- tories, and aiso the method of illuminating | the finding circles so as to be readable at the eyepiece by the observer. | This latter convenient device was then | almost unknown in this country, though | since put in use on a more effective scale { at Mount Hamilton. The detection of close | double stars, the measurement of star | distances, and inyestigations as to the con- stitution of the rings of Saturn, are among | | pleyed as a fioating - medium. similar to that of the Lick telescope in dimensions and weight. Lieutenant Win- | terhalter, U. 8. N., who was officially deputed to inspect the leading astronomi- | cal institutions of Europe in 1887, describes the contrivance by which the dome floats round in a ring-shaped tank of water in the following words: “I'he weight of the dome is taken up by means of a_circular float attached toand making a circuit of its base and resting in tanks of the same shape, partly filled with water. The dimensions of the float are, of course, calculated to give the buoy- ancy necessary to float the dome, which weighs about ninety-six tons. The depth and width of the tank are neces- sarily somewhat greater than the corre- sponding dimensions of the float. They are calculated to be somewhat more than sufficient for the use of water, aliquid of the least density that is likely to be em- | About half of the tank projects beyond the line of the masoury and is there supported by heavy cast-iron standards turning up into hang- ing knees and by intermediate angle-irons. “The dome thus becomes a_hemispheri- cal vessel fioating and turningin a circular basin.” To avoid the impediment of a frozen sur- face on the water, a small quantity of the glycerine of commerce can be added, or the tank can be slightly heated with gas- jets underneath. At full speed the dome sails round its re- stricted channel in eight minutes, and for moderate speed the attached rope needs only the effort of one hand. The unique mechanical conception has been found to work with entire satisfaction. Machinery resembling that by which the Lick dome rolls round so _smoothly and swiltl{ has also been provided at Nice to forestall any failure in the design of M. F. Eiffel, who was the constructor. The cost of the construction of sucha dome is estimated to be $40,000. A 15-inch refractor, an excellent merid- ian circle, a portable transit instru- ment and all the usual accessories of a | | | | | | [#rom a THE OBESERVATORY AT NICE. sketsh.] the researches to which this great instru- |“ment has been devoted. The observatory | also contains a 154-inch refractor, excel- lent meridan circles, an astro- physical laboratory, equipments for photographic YERKES OBSERVATORY. [Beproduced from an engraving by “The Call's” Art Department.] 1 first-class modern observatory are to be found in this scientific institution, which has been fitted up at the cost of $200,000. The measurement of double and multiple stars and a search for new satellites mov- ing around the major planets have been art of the work of the great telescope, but in the latter respect at least it has looked n vain. » When the observatory of the University of Vienna was built on a slight elevation above the Danube the advantage of a high altitude bad to be overlooked and a clear reFion within easy reach of the city was all that was attained. It was completed in 1880 and the refractor, twenty-seven inches in diameter, was looked on as a colossal achievement, surpassing in size even the 26-inch refractor of Washington, then in use for some years. Being entirely constructed by one firm, that of Sir Howard Grubb of Dublin, it was certainly a marvel of versatility in mechanical skill, and many of the metzods adopted have not been superseded, though new requirements have given them a new and more perfected form. This is more to be wondered at, as some of them, though well designed. were untried experiments. The illumination of parts of the instru- mentata distance from the observer by one lamp was arranged by several refract- ing prisms, which scattered the light in the angles required till the object could be distinctly seen by the means of micro- scopes near the eyepiece. This is similar to the method used at the Lick Observa- tory. £ A 12-inch Clark refractor, 2 meridian circle of inferior and antiquated form, a b-inch transit instrument and many older instruments of value only for their historic associations, are to be found in the observatory, which is also fairly equipped for photographic work. 7 Asearch for objects too faint to be seen in smaller telescopes, such as faint comets and asteroids, has been kept up for some years at this observatory, which is, how- ever, hampered by financial restrictions in its undertakings. Notwithstanding the cost and size of the great telescopes just described, it cannot be said thau thei;'mo- nopolize the greatest astronomical achieve- ments, and, when the work of observations is discussed later on, it will be seen that some smaller instruments take a more prominent place among the facilities of modern research. 'KING JOSEPH'S PET GUN, A Weapon Made for Napoleon’s Brother Is Now in This City. Gold and Silver Filigres Work Adorns It From Buttplate to Sight. King Joseph Bonaparte, eldest brother of Napoleon, was quite a sport in his day, and on one occasion, in a fit of generosity, ordered the' royal arsenal superintendent to construct for him the finest muzzle- loading shotgun that could be produced. The result was that within a few weeks the King found himself in possession of the coveted firearm. From the butt shield to the sight was woven a wonderful filigree of gold and silver scroll work, which con- verged at the lock and twined in and out and around it like a thousand serpents. Immediately in front of the hammer the royal stamp was daintily setin and sur- rounded by a border of gold. This stamp branded the weapon as a royal implement, | to be used only by his Highness, who pos- sessed the sole right to bushwhack small birds with it. Supporting the firearm, and at the same time decorating it, were several steel bards passing over the barrel, all copiously en- graved and adorned with grotesque figures. Aside from these beautifying features, the tip of the gun is graced with two inches of agate through which the ramrod passes | to its receptacle. The trigger guard is gracefully curved and is loaded down with the usual decorations which seem to prevail all over the gun. The weapon is valued at $1000. It was made in the year 1770. At that period a | Mr. Mailyard, who was chumming with the King, took a fancy to the gun and ex- pressed the wish that he had a similar one. | he King, who was as good at giving as King Joseph’s Flintlock Gun, Made in 1770. he was at receiving, passed it over, and since that time it has descended to the great-great-grandson of the King’s friend, Mr. J. W. Mailyard of this City. Last week it was on exhibition in the window of Liddle & Co., and attracted a great deal of attention among local sportsmen. The caliber is 25 gauge, smooth bore, | capable of either shot or ball. Its weight is inches longer than regulation guns of the | present day. UNIVERSITY CLUB'S LIMIT, | It Xs Removed to Allow the Admission of a Large Number on the Wait- ing List. There is no limit now at the University Club. This does not refer to games, but to the membership. When the club was started about five years ago there was much fear among its members that it would Le a long time before it would be put on a solid basis, but from the sfart it has been pecu- liarly successful, and the limit of member- | ship was raised from 300 to 350 and then to 400. Of these all except twenty-five were college men. A short time ago it was decided to admit | fifty non-university men and then finally | clcse the rolls to all except college men. Before the fifty men were chosen the limit of 400 was reached, and last evening a meeting of the members was held, at which | it was decided to repeal the section of the by-laws limiting the membership to that number. This leaves the question of num- bers in the hands of the board of directors and will allow the admission of a number of those whose names are on the pollbook. The club is making extensive alterations and additions to its cozy home on Sutter street which when finished will make it ,one of the most comfortable clubhouses in the country. ORUELTY TO OHILDREN. Eliza Flynn Sentenced to Six Months in Jail. Mrs. Eliza Flynn, charged with cruelty to her children, appeared before Judge Conlan yesterday for sentence. The Judge suggested that she should go to St. Zoseph’s Home, but she declined and said she would rather go to prison. “Very well,” said the Judge. “I will send you to the Branch County Jail for six months.” The case has been pushed by the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. Mrs. Flynn is the woman who by her drunken habits and consequent neglect of her children was the cause of the youngest dying of starvation in her arms while she was stupid with liquor. Her husband, a respectable plasterer,was compelled to leave her and she went to live with an aunt at the Potrero. He was under medical treatment for several weeks from an attack she made upon him with a razor when in one of her drunken bouts. Mrs. | cover u; 00D CLOTHING S CHEAP, Fine Up-to-Date Suits Can Be Had Nearly for the Asking. NO ONE NEED DRESS PQORLY. Dealers In Men’s Furnishings and Footwear Quote a Few Standard Prices. That fine feathers make fine birds none will dispute. It isan axiom as old as the hills and ope that promises to be as ever- lasting. Everybody knows it by heart and everybody also knows tbat all birds do not wear fine feathers. Though 'tis true ’tis a pity, especially since fine feathers are within the reach of every biped in the creation—beautiful, comfortable coverings for the bipeds with bills; fashionable, serviceable clothing for the bipeds who pay the bills. Especially is this true in San Francisco. The conditions are particularly favorable to the wearing of fine apparel by the male biped of the human species. He can cover himself from tip to toe, from head to foot, with the most pleasing, serviceable raiment imaginable and not seriously feel the tax on his income. Thin shonld- ered, chicken-breasted dudes, who forever ride that messenger of death, the pale horse, :alias cigarette, spend more money for poisonous whiffs in half a year than 1t would cost the average man to dress in style. There is not a man in San Fran- cisco who cannot dress well if he chooses, and yet there are some, it must be con- fessed, who do not. There can hardly be an excuse advanced in favor of a shabbily dressed man in San Francisco. He hasonly his own indiffer- ence and neglect to blame if he does not appear on all occasions gotten up neatly and precisely in thelatest fashion. Every- thing from a collar-button to the latest tie is his for the most ridiculously low outlay, absolutely everything. Hecan be economi- cal and get a year’s outfit in collars and cuffs, shirts, neckties, socks, underwear, hats, shoes and clothing for a sum of money surprisingly small. He can also be what many people who are not in the swagger set would call extravagant, and still be so modest in his expenditures as to not make much of a decrease in his sav- ings. In’ fact man, proud man, can wear feathers as fine, and more of them, than the gaudiest bird that flies the fields, and feel not the slightest inconvenience in molt- ing the few dollars necessary for their ac- quisition. All over the Union these happy conditions exist, but more {:nrtxcularly are they present in this City. Never before in the history of the country could a man be clothed and shod and furnished for the small amount of cash he can now. Every- thing seems to be going for a song—even the birds have to pay that much for their feathers—and everythingispiled in endless array awaiting the coming of the man to take them and fit them on his head, his feet and his back, and to go out in the world to hold his head up with the best of them. For instance, one clothier in the City will guarantee to put three well-made suits, all wool, in the latest fashion, on the back of the first man who comes along for just $31. Those three suits should wear a year. Two of them are trim, natty business suits, fit to be seen in any company. The thirdisa fashionably cut black clay, for general dress wear, as nobby as could be. Another well-known dealer goes even further. He does not enumerate the num- ber of suits he will furnish, but he does say that he will guarantee to keep an ordi- nary man well dressed for a year, in every- thing but the shoes, for just one ordinary $20 go]d piece. Those seem reasonable enough offers, now, don’t they? That’s getting man’'s | personal adornment down to bedrock, sure enough. . People scarcely look for any great slash in prices from the shoe-dealers, and just now that is where everybody is mistaken. If the clothier is a good Samaritan the shoe-dealer is another.. He has bargains to offer that are something wonderful, so wonderful in fact that the proudest, poor- est man in the City of San Francisco can e the most painful corn or the most unsightly bunion with the most fashiona- ble shoe imaginable for a few, a very few dollars. The shoeman will patent leather him, and cowhide him to boot, if need be for a whole vear for a good deal less money than the interest on the debt the world owes toits most worthless inhabitant. And every- body knows whata small amount that is. Shoes, as the shoeman says, are cheaper | than the dirt one shakes from his soles. From this in a general way itcan be seen how easily and cheaply, fashionably and comfortably a man can array himself | in the City of San Francisco, and it can be | just as readily seen how careless of him- | self a man must be who wears shabby or | out-of-date clothing, shoes or hats. That is only in general. For those who wish to | go into purticulars to find out exactly what | 1t costs to wear the finest materials, in the | latest styles, in short, all those who wish five pounds two ounces and if is about four 1 to be in form, THE CALL has taken pains to have some of the clothiers and shoe-deal- ers of the City interviewed as to the cost of ood raiment to the man who isnota vanderbilt, an Astor or a Berry Wall. THE CALL 1s actuated by the desire to show the people what it costs the people to dress. ‘I'o begin with, the togs of man, aside from his footgear, were considered in one of the large emporiums of the City. “A good, sensible man,’ said Charles Keilus of**Ihe Hub,” “‘who desires to dress well and in form, can to-day purchase a first-class suit of clothes for from $10 to $15, which wiil probably wear him from eight to nine months. Of course, there are cheaper suits than the $10 ones, but any- body buying goods of that description— cheaper than $10—would find that he wounld need at least four suits a year, whereas the suits that sell from $10 to $15 will last ai- most the same length of time. A man who buys this cheaper clothing is a slave to his purse. He is forever buying. The sensible man buys the better garment of a good, reliable concern and gets his money’s worth. “When it comes down to_ hats we are right there. A first-class grade of hat can be sold for $1 30. It will be in seasom, stylish and of good quality, and will last a year. You can buy good wool underwear for $1 50 per suit. White shirts, first-class quality, can be purchased at 75 cents each, while collars range from 10 cents to 25 cents each. Socks, and good ones, sell from 15 cents a pair up to as high as any man cares to go. “I haven’t quite figured out just what it would cost to clothe a man modestly, but thoroughly, for a year, but, taking it all in all, I would guarantee to dress gim complete and have him look well fora year for $20. Iwould also guarantee in the bar- gain that he receives the latest make, the newest fashions and clear, honest fabrics.” J. W. Raphael, of Raphael’s, talked in a similar strain. “We can fit out a man witha suit of clothes,” he said, *‘in the latest style, for $10. Wecan do this, as we buy our wool- ens direct and our factory is run on scien” tific plans. And that $10'snit of clothes will be as good as any man in moderate circumn- stances cares to wear. Wecan fit him with an overcoat, stylish and up-to-date, made of serviceable materials, Iushionabg cut, made by fashionable tailors, in all the fashionable colors, for another $10. *‘Then we can give him as good a hat as he could desire for$1 50. We can give him his underwear for $150 a suit, first-class oods in every particular. We can give ghn hose at 15 centsa {mir, good enough for any one to wear. We can give him linen collars—and very few are better made—for 10 cents apiece; cuffs at 20 cents a pair. We can furnish him with an ex- cellent shirt, re-enforced throughout, for §1. ‘We can give him the latest and most fash- ionable creations in neckwear for 25 cents. “What would it cost to cloth this mod- erate man, aside from footgear, for a year? ‘Well, we could furnish him for both sea- sons, winter and summer, with two suits, an overcoat, the hat, the underwear and the other things mentioned for §40 a year. “In all this, of course, I have been speak- ing of the man in limited circumstances. A man can, of course, dress himseli ac- cording to his purse, and we can sell him higher priced goods if he so desires. We could make him comfortable for half the money, too, if he wished it that way." ‘‘The way we are selling goods now,” said Achille Roos of Roos Brothers, “a man can dress himself very nicely for very little money. To furnish him presentably with clothing for a year would .take three suits, which would cost from $30 to $35, all told. Here are three suits, such as I speak of, this gray business suit, this darker one of the same cut. general finish, with fine, durable trimmings, and this black clay cutaway suit, all for $31. They can’t beat that anywhere. We keep ouly the latest styles and are up with the seasons and fur- nish as perfect fits as the most fashionable custom tailor. “In overcoats, hats and general men's furnishing goods there is the same cheap- ness observable, coupled with the same style and finish. There is nothing shoddy about any of these goods and the ill- dressed man can blame only himself for his condition.” From these interviews, which the gen- tlemen giving them are willing to back up by furnishing the articles at the prices quoted, the readers of THE CaALL will have no trouble at all in arriving at the conclu- sion that the best men’s clothing and men’s furnishings are cheap enough to sat- isfy the most eager bargain-hunter. In fact, they are even cheaper than quoted, for the reason, as one of the interviewed coyly admitted, that every house in town made ‘“‘drives’’ in certain lines at certain times, when "the careful readers of the big ads in THE CALL were rewarded by bar- gains that would have made the shades of old-time dealers moan in their earthy pri- son houses. That’s so much for clothing and furnish- i Now for the shoes—those splendid creations of latter days, which lift a man LB completely off the earth and m im feel like o King. As stated previously, shoes are cheap in San Francisco; so cheap that it is roughly estimated that, take the City through and through, the cost of footgearin San Francisco will not exceed $10 per capita. “My impression of the cost of shoes and the wearing qualities,” said John T. Sulli- van, whose Fourth-street store is known to all, ‘“‘varies, of course, with the quali I should say thata laboring man wo need two pairs of working shoes a year and one pair of dress shoes to be comforta- bly and decently shod. That would not cost more than $8 at the outside. A man can dress elegantly in the shoe line, have a air for every month in the year, for from gxs to $50. When he passes the latter mark he is bordering closely on extravagance.” ‘ Starting in with the laboring man,” said S. Feder of the big wholesale and re- tail shoe firm of Rosenthal & Feder, “I would say that he needed a couple of pair of heavy working shoes during the year. They would cost him $2 a pair. Then he would need one pair of dress shoes, and he can get good ones for $3. In all that makes $7 a year, and he will be well and neatly shod ali the time. “ Now take a business man, who wears a finer grade of shoe, he will probably need three pairs of hand-sewed calf, costing, say, $4 a pair; and then, maybe, one pair of French patent-leather shoes at $5. That’s $17 a year, and his feet are dressed as fash- ionably and as comfortably as are those of the finest in the land.” At the big store of the Nolan Bros. Shoe Company, on Market street, the same gen- eral average on the durability of shoes was struck as above, but the impression was ained that many men in the City ran big Eills for fine shoes, tan and calf and patent leather, sporting new ones as often as they did ties, and gladdening the hearts of the dealers. In all cases, however, it was found that good shoes were cheap; that men do not have their footgear soled and heeled as fre- quently as_their fathers did, and that the San Francisco shoe-dealer is as much of a benefactor to the human race as is the San Francisco clothier. Nebraska has developed largely in the last fifteen years from the sterile plains that formerly constituted its territory. Its assessed valuation is now $90,585,7 —_— MANY WOMEN SUFFER, FROM LACK OF INFORMATION. Doctors Are Too Reserved. A Woman Should Be Dealt With Openlve * QSPECIAL TO OUR LADY BEADEES.] \ " Women are often allowed by their pny= sicians to suffer much from lack of in- formation and anxiety. Many medical and it is a strug to acknowledge Dot _understand men are vain, 2 gle for them 3 that they do % acase.Women do not inves- tigate ; they |, ' have | faith | < in angsoue their doctor, and often wreck their lives through this unfortunate N confidence. Fn the treatment of female diseases men work from theory; and it is not to be expected that they can treat as Inted- ligently those complajnts from which they nave never suffered, as a woman can who has made the organism and dis- eases of her sex a life study. ‘Women afflicted with female diseases are wise in communicating promptly with Mrs. Pinkham, at Lynn, Mass. Their distressed condition is due to womb trouble, and their symptoms tell the story. Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vegetable Com- poupd is the one remedy that removes the cause, and re stores health, cour-! age, and happiness. The druggists sell more of it than all other female medi- gines. Why? The following short letter speaks for it- self. Mrs. Parker is a very young wife; only twenty-one years - old. She was suffer- ing untold misery when she wrote to Mrs. Pinkham forad- vice. See the result. g Can evidence be stronger than this® 641 deem it my duty to announce the fact to all my fellow-sufferers of all fe- male complaints that your Vegetable Compound has entirely cured me of all the pains and suffering I was endurin, when I wroteyou last May. 1 follow Lou: advice to the letter, and the result wonderful.”” — MRs. CHAS.* PARKER, Little Falls, Minn. Any druggist bas it The most _certain and safe Pain Remedy. In water cures Summer Complaints, Diarrhea, Heart burn, Sour Stomach, Flatulence, Colic; Nausea