The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, April 28, 1895, Page 17

» THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, SUNDAY, APRIL 28, 1895. Th@ Fomflth een said during the last dec- the assumption by mathe- a fourth direction at right s to the three known directions of object of this article to pre- lers of the CALL some of the | I s that follow the well as the arguments based that lead to these conse- Let it be distinctly understood | tion and an assumption, | a that no scholar desires to argue the likelihood of the real existence of such a equ 1t has neither ith nor thickness. Itisaspace Call it Pointland. Sup- ividual lived in this point. re could have no dimension d have nonotion of direction It could have no th ontside of its little universe, be the sole monarch. ned this rather p perior but other no a poi id the only 1d _differ from an- <ee would be ndividual cc d be in length. fro in t! line, but could r the other of led its way 1t to stop or 1 have no no- space on one sic It could form no concep- n except the two back: 1. It would be greatly individus Pointland creature. It length, but Its two sur- ve an eye the f , those that low-creat 1 be hidden ts fellow- ne would be ants of Lineland. could observe the crea- t and forth and in compas- fad irely new direct about ‘the new hould the square f he line of motion of n, that creature would see a to understand anyt »n spoken of. sh the Linem; point, nothing more, and that point w appear to come from nowhere vanish into nowhere. It would appear Lineland, but would seem to be possessed of a_power that the emen had not—that of vanishing and at its own pleasure. The man vould have the power of creatures and com- shapes with his gh to do this he would have to like a creature of travel rou nly with a sing eye ould tion up or down, e to see one li have no notion of a and could form no conception of a creature ; whose shitpe extended into space of three d Infinitely superior in_order d 1 i stead of one, he c v inferior order cor the one from what we will call Let the i i 85 indi from Spaceland be resented by be, an object having breadth kness. [ts surfaces e planes or spaces of two dimensions. Suppose it is to be provided with eyes at all of its vertices it will be able to look ease upon the creatures of Flat- to them from the realm of 11 them of a direction up and Line- land, to epace and te as_the Flatlander did to the iike the Lineman, t nd the words d. and should the cube appear vem they will only see a square, a hilar to their own, and when the it to them will appear to vanish usly into a realm of which they nothing. Suppose the cube took one the Flatlanders up with him and showed m the homesof the Flatlanders below ned to him the true state of took him back to his home The Flatlander, conscious he had visited, the h him to scorn and_perhaps s lunacy. he analogies necessarily sto] e mnot be three dimensional crea- s cannot conceive of any better than | Linelander can conceive of Flatland or e Flatlander of sj;umr? If so, it undoubt- v lies all aroun nd about this space, copled by creatures as much abiove humanity as it is above the fictitious creatures of Flatland. Asa man can look upon a flat surface and see the of the squares and triangles, pos- may be gibly the fourth dimensional being can | Jook in and through him, perhaps, discern his thoughts and desires.” As a cube ap- pearing among the Flatlanders could only ‘ppear as a square, one like themselves, s afourth dimensional creature could only appear among men as a three-dimensional creature, like themselves, but able to go and come, appear and disappear, at will. Tet us try to form an idea of a fourth di- mensional solid. We begin with a point, a space of no dimgnsion. If we assume the Pint to move it will generate aline,a space of one dimension, consisting of two external surfaces that are points and ine. ow assume the line,a space of one dimension, to move in a new direction. It Square, a space of two di- . BEach point generates a line and there will be af.\o the first position of the line and the second in the new figure, ines the bounding surfaces of the two dimensional space. Each point has its first position and itssecond, making points to the square. The line will :nerate a space and our square then con- s of four bounding lines which consti- B tite the outside four terminal points, the angles and one space. The number of points has been doubled over what it was in the line. We have a line for every point and two lines for every line of the tirst figure. Also we have a ipace for each Iine. 3 Now, let the square move in a new direc- tion, up, it will zenerate the cube, Each point will generate a line and each line will generate two, making in all twelve lines in the cube. Each point will gen- erate two, making in all eight points, each surface of which we have but one will renerate a solid and two surfaces and each ine will generate a surface, making in all six surfaces 1o the cube. The cube then bas one solid, six surfaces, twelve lines and,eight points. Now suppose the cube to move in an entirely new direction at right angles to all three of the direc- tions of space. The new object gen- imagination, change the scene der space of one dimension. | 1 be a line, which might be called Suppose individual or a of Is to exist in these creatures Tt might have a | or the other of its | ure | buld not be able | observe them from of the man from | © His companions would | a madhouse for what they | still a fourth | | Dfim@nsfi@ma HENRY THURTELL, PROF. MATHEMATICS, NEVADA STATE UNIVERSITY. erated we will call the four square. Since there are eight points to the cube and each }:uint has its first and its second »osition the four square hassixteen points. }- ch point generates a line making eight, and each of the twelve lines of the cube has its first and second position, giving twenty-four, which with the eight gener- ated by the points makes thirty-two lines in all.” Each of the twelve lines generates surface and each of the six surfaces has its first and second positions, makin]g twelve more, or twenty-four surfacesin all. Each surface nerates a solid and the solid itself has its first and second posi- tions, making eight solids in all. The four square consists of these eight solids cubes, twenty-four surfaces squares, thirty- two lines and sixteen_points. Were such an object introduced into our Simcelnnd it is evident that a single eye would see only acube. A space of one dimension, a line, is bounded by points. A space of two di- mensions, a triangle square or polygon, is bounded by lines. A space of three dimen- sions as a cube is ded by surfaces, and abject of four dimensions is bounded by | solids. With a single eye in Pointland one could see nothing. Thereis nothing | to see. In Lineland a single eye can see but points, in Flatland only lines and points, in Spaceland only surfaces, lines and points, and in land of four dimensions the eye can perceive. solids, surfaces, lines and points. As each section of a lineisa point, each section of a plane isa line, a8 variable and obtain the equation of the | bounding surface of the solid in which | they intersect. Lines intersect in points. | Surfaces intersect in lines. Solids inter- | sect in surfaces, and fourth dimensional | objects intersect in solids. gain, let z represent a line. 22 will relpresent asurface, an area of a square, of which one side is z. 23 will represent the solid contents of a cube, one efge of which is z. Now, what does z¢ represent? Either it has no geometric meaning, or else it represents some function of the fourth dimensional object which we will call four square. Whatever that function is it is to solid con- tents as solid contents is to area or as area is to length. A creature of Lineland cannot have less than two points or bounding surfaces and must have at least one line. . A Flatlander cannot have less than three lines, or bounding surfaces, and not less { than three points. A Spacelander cannot have less than four points, six lines and four surfaces. And a fourth dimensional creature cannot have less than five points, ten lines and ten surfaces. | We will now consider some of the prob- able relations deducible from analogy be- tween acreature of any dimension and the | dimension below him. He can enter or | leave the world below him; that is, appear | and disappear at will, and that without | changing his form. However near he may be be remains invisible to the world below him until actually in it. He can in_closest proximity to the world below and the beings in that world and yet outside that world altogether and therefore invisible. From his dimension he can see the in- | sidé of every living being and thing in the | world below him. ‘When he enters the world below he can | never be completely seen, and that part of PROFESSOR HENRY THURTELL. [Drawn from a photograph.] each section of a solid is a plane, so each | section of a fourth dimensionalobject must be a d. Each section of a cube is a nare, so ‘each section of the four sanare must be a cube. Each section of a sphere 1 that he is able to move | 1S a circular plate or slice, so each section | veta | 0f the corresponding pared to | di d. object in fourth mensional space must be a sphere. topped in that direction. 1f something | also crosses his path on the other side he | would be completely stopped, for he would | have no motion known by which he might go round the object, as the Flatlander | would. So too, suppose the Flatlander sur- | rounded by a ring or square, escape would | be prevented entirely, for he could have | no notion of surmounting the obstacle as the Spacelander would at_once pro- ed to do. So if a three-dimensional | creature should be placed inside a shell or | closed room it would have no notion of how without penetrating the to escs | dimensional creature would immediately | start out upon a new direction and without | the necessity of breaking the walls would | come out and settle down into space on | the outside with as much ease as a man can climb a fence or a bird tly over a hill. | Now this looks unreasonable, does it not? | | e all your conceptions reasonable or ver since you began the study of | algebra you have been considering im- nary quantities, unreal quantities. | Such are the indicated even roots of all ive quantities. The square root of | an_example. There is no rational | number that you can picture even in your | thought which multiplied by itself will produce —1. Again, ask one of the children in the first, second or third grade to subtract 7 from 3, he will undoubtedly answer that the larger of two numbers cannot be taken from the less. The child is right | from his point of view. The algebraic sub- | traction of 7 from 3 leaves 4; but the child | has not been taught the theory of nega- | tive quantities, and in his mind there ex- ists no number which, added to 7, pro- | duces 3. We say that —7x—3=+21, but we cannot form a realistic conception of such an operation. It is impossible to think of 7 quantities taken —3 times and giving 0| 21, a conceivable number. Yet we find that | this aigebraical law invented by mathe- | maticians, that the products of gquantities with like signs are plus quantities, is a law | | that produces correct results. The realistic conception of the operation is impossible | for us. Yet we accept the law and use it | with never a doubt as to its correctness. This is necessary to the development of | the highly useful science of algebra. So, 50, the admission of a fourth incon- { ceivable but possible direction | solutely necessary for a profound knowledge of modern analytic geometry. Take the equation of a circle, z2+y2=a2. This is the equation of the bounding curve | ! .of the circle. Using three co-ordinates and | three directions, represented by z y and z. | We can readily obtain the equation | #24y2+z2=a2, the equation of the sphere, |not true of points inside the sphere, | but of points upon its surface, the bounding surface of a solid. Now, shall | analytic geometry stop bere? Are we allowed to use but three co-ordinates and | three directions? If so, who shall stop us? 1 Every student knows that by the conside- ration of higher algebra many of the prob- tary part of the subject are made plainer. Also by the consideration of the geometr; of space, that concerning the plane is made more clear. Let us then take the equation z2+y2+22+u2=ap, u repre- senting a new direction at right angles | to the other three. We cannot picture | such a direction, but we can assume it. Our equation then represents the hound- ing solids of a fourth dimensional object. | S8uch an equation is just as capable of mathematical treatment. Why should | it not represent something, have some geo- metric meaning? And if by the consider- ation of fourth dimensional objects we can | make the geometry of space more clear, it is then the mathematician’s duty to use | the fourth dimensional assumption. by considering them simultaneous equa- tions solve tfiem and determine their points of intersection. Given the equa- tions of two surfaces, we can eliminate one | variable and obtain the equation of their curve of intersection. Given the equations of the bounding solids of two fourth di- | mensional objects, we can eliminate one Suppose something falls across the Line- | {man’s line of motion, he is completely walls of the shell or room; while a four- | is ab- | i lems, principles and truths of the elemen- | Given the equations of two lines, we can,| - him that is seen is always of the form o the beings of the world below. _His voice while still in his own dimen- sion would be heard by the being of the world below as coming from an entirely new direction. His nps»earam:e and disappearance in the world below are not caused by any change of form or substance, but by his entering and leaving that world. A world and beings of any dimension include all the shapes and characters of the world below with the further addition of that shape or dimension peculiar to the dimension to which the individual beIonF.fl. | Now let us consider the relations of a being in any one dimension with the di- mension above him and 'the beings of that world. I. All conception of a dimension above him is impossible, though capable of a mathematical development. | II. However vast and populous the | dimension to him, it is absolutely non- existent. I1I. If he could hear such beings the sound would appear to come from an en- tirely new direction, possibly from his inner consciousness, and not from™the world around him. IV. If such beings enter his world he can see and feel only that part of them that enters. 2 | V. And to him such part always appears as the likeness of a being of his own world, | the inhabitants of one world being always |-a partial likeness or a likeness of a part of | the beings in the world above them. VI. A being of his own power can never leave his own dimension or world, VIL. While in his own world he can i never see the true appearance or shape of | any being in it, but only its bounding sur- | faces. Yet every being of any dimension may be able to form a conception of all the objects in his own world. VIIL If raised izto the world above he at once sees the true size and shape of | every being in the world below. | IX. The beings of the dimension into | which he is raised at first present the same form and appearance as those in his own | world. | X. By careful inspection and compari- son the true difference becomes known. XI. Even if the dimension above be | visited and understood, it is impossible to draw it in the figures or to describe it in | the language of his own dimension. XII. Al% such attempts are necessarily | unintelligent and sound foolish and irra- | tional. { XIII. All attempts to understand or | grasp the dimension above without having entered it are futile. XIV. Aneyein one’s inner conscious- ness would according to analogy look in the direction of the fourth dimension. XV. Each dimension adds one new | direction of size, space, capacity and form | to the one below. XVI. The visibility of a being does not | depend upon_its physical properties, but upon its position within or without the world below. It is not altogether impossible to repre- sent an object of four dimensions, even in ! our limited Spaceland. We can represent | & cube upon a flat surface by meansof a | perspective drawing, so we should be_able 10 represent a fourth dimensional solid in- | side three dimensional space. Draw two | squares with their sides parallel and sep- arated from'each other a short distance; connect the points and you have a rather | rude representation of a cube. Now, take two cul with their edges parallel and separate them by a short distance; connect their corresponding points and you have a rough representation of a fourth dimen- sional object, the four squares containing all the properties of the four-square here- tofore described. A plane cannot be rep- resented by a point, a solid cannot be rep- resented by a line and a fourth dimen- sional object cannot be represented on a flat surface or plane. All attempts, there- fore, to draw a picture on paper of such an object will be as futile as an attempt to draw a picture of your neighbor’s voice. Few cf those who have had the interest to read through the preceding article will have failed to note the falsity of some of the analogies drawn. There are no Line- landers or Flatlanders. All animated ob- jects are inhabitants of space. The argu- ment was merely introduced to add in- terest to the discussion and to show the meager foundation upon which some of the exponents of spiritualism base their arguments. S heir defense of their faith would be | | somewhat after this form: There is an al- most universal belief in_a soul and in a hereafter somewhere. Now, where is this hereafter to be spent and what is the soul ? These are questions that are difficult to answer; but is it not reasonable to believe that heaven is all around and about this space and that the soul at death becomes a four-dimensional creature, able to go and come, appear and disappear. at will. For more than twenty centuries evidence has been accumulating that beings of a higher order than humankind do oc- casionally appear among men. The great bulk of such evidence is not worthy of credence. Yet much has been written, both in the words of divine writ and in profane literature, of supernatural arrivals and appearances. Have these witnesses all been mistaken? Does no traveler e’er return from that bourne? All the accredited appearances of beings, apparently from an- other world, have been in the likeness of beings of this world. All that has seemed supernatural about them has been their method of arrival and departure. They have been apparently untouchable. They were acquainted with means of escape un- known to men. What has become of the souls of the untold millions that peopled this earth in the centuries that are past? Did they migrate across infinite space to worlds unknown, or are they here around and among us? If near us why do not our senses perceive them? Why, indeed, un- less they are of a higherorder than human- ity and in the space beyond them. The question may arise, Is spiritualism then reasonable? Can individuals from a higher world step in among men and out again at their own volition? s Before considering this question it may be well to say that the assumption of such a space and a new direction by mathema- ticians does not argue the real existence of such a space; or even granting its real existence, it does not follow that it is peo- pled by beings formerly of this world or that it is peopled at all. The spiritualist makes cafiital out of the tender memories of mankind for their dead loved ones. To the man whose home has been made desolate the medium appears asa ministering angel and tells him that for a stated sum he can obtain a message from his dead wife, father or brother; tells him that the dumb lips may be induced to speak words of love and comfort. The spiritualists have seized upon the fourth dimensional assumption as a hypothesis upon which to e their articles of faith. The fourth dimension theory has its use in mathematics and the theorems of geometry based upon it are undoubtedly true. This, however, does not prove that such a space exists any more than we can show that the square root of a minus quantity is an actual quantity, but it does show that we can make the assumption in mathematics without fear that by its usean error will be produced in the result. T MISION RESIDENTS TLK, They Want a Park That Will Be a Public Comfort and Beauty. Addlitional Cars Placed on the Va- lencla-Street Line to Accom- modate Travel. Mission residents want a park. They believe their section has been built up and beautified by private efforts to such an ex- tent that there should be some public ac- knowledgment in the way of public com- fort at the hands of the City. The prop- erty-owners have planted shadetrees around their homes and otherwise im- proved their section of the City, but the ro-called park set aside by the City lies in an uncouth condition, with no one to fur- ther its beautification except a few prop- erty-owners, who, from time, to time re- quest the City to pay more attention to the public resort. According to the Mission Journal the tamale man made his appearance and is doing a rushing business in the ouilying sections. Last Friday evening, at the free public reading-room recently opened by the Theo- sophical Society, & paper was read by Mi: Clara Brokman on “Theosophy in D Life.” Next Friday evening, at the same place, a lecture will be given by Mrs. M. M. Thirds on “Our Many Lives on Earth.” To-day the delegates who attended the The finest i There is a conservatory in Alameda where a man has for his private edifica- tion a finer collectlon of orchids than can be boasted of by any other single owner on this coast. The ni. . C. Siegfried, and he spends money like water and time as though life was eternity—and all over orchids, For- tunately he is wealthy enough to gratify his fad, and as business takes him fre- quently to far Eastern shores he looks up new and brilliant varieties of the parasites that grow, crimson-throated and purple- dyed, on great trees under moist East In- dian suns. the thousands of dollars that they have poured into their orchid-house. Some rare specimens, brought from the very heart of deepest jungles, cost several hun- Orchirsin Cali The Siegfrieds have kept no account of | Lollection amid ture is keFt even. And the German gar- dener, who knows all the Latin orchid names by heart, sees that the fires never go out. Thvse‘{‘mrticulnr orchids, also, are very susceptible to onslaughts of insects. The German gardener has to look very care- fully on the leaves to see that no ugly thing, bred in this atmosphere, is allowed to_suck the life fluid from these green- veined leayes. This is the sort of care these plants have had for six years. In preceding springs there have been a few scattering i)oasoms, but this year the Manila orchids decided that Alameda was not a half-bad place to live, and as they had come to stay, they might as well make the best of it and bloom a little. And so it happens that there are 1100 exquisitely perfect Phalan- opsis flowers in one corner of the Siegfried conservatory, mixed with pink dendro- brums hanging from the ceiling in orchid baskets, and that all the countryside, the flower laymen, are coming to sée and ad- | mire, as. well as the men whose trained eyes see beauties in what to other peopie are merely ugly green flowers with brown spots. There is a worship of orchids, similar to | the Japanese feast of the fruit blossoms, | that is the fad in Alameda just now. PIGEONS IN THE CLOCK. They Interfere With the Town Time- piece of New London. A quaint moon-faced, steeple clock, high above the street, in the tower of the an- cient First Church of New London, Conn., had kept time for the old whale town for half a century and had been about as faith- fuland true as the sun, says the New York | Herald. The clock was of old-fashioned, liberal architecture, heavily timbered with Pink Dendrobrums. dred dollars apiece; but so long as the orchid was new and not numbered among Epworth League Convention at Los Gatos will report. Sunday-school classes taught by E. J. Brigdon and Miss Speakman will give an entertainment in Twin Peaks Hall, Friday evening, May 3. The orchestra of the Sunday-school will assist in the entertain- ment. The pastor of the church and C. W. Coyle, editor of the Epworth News, are arranging for an excursion party to go to Chattanooga and other Eastern points over the Union Pacific and Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul routes, keaving San Francisco June 19. e Excellent progress is being made on the new Second United Presbyterian Church building. When completed the main Sun- day-school will move into the basement leaving the little structure now used for the primary department. H. L. Dietz Jr. and A. J. Kuykendall, two enthusiastic cyclers of the Mission, have just returned from a week’s outing near San Jose. They covered the distance between San Jose and Oakland on their way home in two hours and a half. wing to the increase of travel in the Mission Manager Vining has ordered eight more cars to put on Valencia street. This will cut down time between trips to a minute and a half. It is also the man- ager’s intention to increase the number of cars on the Mission-street line as soon as possible. Twenty-fourth street, from Castro street to Hoffman avenue, is being widened six feet. Three feet of this space is being cut from the sidewalks. As the street wasa team could not pass between the tracks of the electric line and the sidewalks. The work is being pushed forward and will soon be finished. 3 Another cement sidewalk is being added to the Mission list. This one is being laid on the southeast corner of Nineteenth and Valencia streets. BOATING AT THE PARK. A New Feature Among the Amusements at Golden Gate Park Last Sunday. An amusing little episode occurred at the Casino Canal at Golden Gate Park last Sunday. It appears that a Chinaman came up and inquired the charge for one boat. The boatman replied 25 cents, but to his great surprise four or five grown Chinamen and a half dozen little ones were produced. The whole crowd were, however, stowed away in the hoat and safely sped around the canal. They seemed to enjoy the ride just as much as the American. To be prepared for further invasion from China a large ark has been built the past week and several small boats have been added. Not only will the delay that has occurred several Sundays be pre- vented, but the usual May-day crash will be accommodated. The reconstruction of the canal has served to double the h speed a‘x‘:id materially add to the pleasure ofp the ride. Miss Daly’s Recital. Miss Anna Daly, a talented reader, will give a matinee recital at Laurel Hall on May 17 at 3 ». She will be assisted by Miss Ella V. McCloskey as contralto soloist and a male uartet, consisting of Messrs. Coffin, Rice, t and Ward, and other local talent. the Siegfried pets the sahib from America paid the price ungrudgingly. And so the Siegfried conservatory has come to be acknowledged as the repository of the finest orchids on the coast, with a reater variety than Golien Gate Park can oast. There are Cypripediums and Stnartianas without number in the conservatories. There are strange, wild blooms, spotted like the skinsof the tigers in their own country. There are blossoms with dark- red stains, like spots of blood, and the Holy Ghost orchid, with a milk-white dove in its heart. In general, the ugliness of an orchid is in direct proportion to its rarity. But, like most generalities, this rule has important exceptions, and one of them is in glorious pink and white bloom in the Siegfried glasshouses these April days. There are just 1100 blossoms of the rare Phalanopsis in one fragrant corner of the hothouse this week. name, clumsy Phalanopsis, though the Christian name, Schilleriana, is not quite such a mouthful. But the ugly orchid name gives no suggestion of the ex- quisitely fragile and dainty orchid blos- soms, quivering at the end of long, pale- green stems. So delicately poised are they that the heavy, scented air in the close conservatory keeps them all a- tremble, so that the camera has to blink at them suddenly and swiftly, or else carry :;vay no impression but a velvety, white ur. The thousand blossoms of Phalanopsis Schilleriana are worth, at wholesale, to put a commercial estimate on them, about 15 cents apiece, if there were a market for them here, and if any amount of money could prevail on the Siegfrieds to cut them. They are the brilliant harvest of plants that came from Manila. Their hideous Latin cognomen is the family name they were born to, but the Schilleriana was foisted upon them by the German traveler who first discovered them. The Phalanopsis flowers are m two col- ors. One is an'exquisite shade of pinkish lilac and the other a delicate ivory white. They are as large as carnations and bloom with seven flowers on one stem. They show the familiar bird form and have a faint and delicate perfume, like that in tire heart of a hyacinth. 4 These particular plants from Manila have been drinking water and hot air in the Siegfried conservatories for six years. They are such thirsty plants that water has to stand inches deep on the floors and beds in order to satisfy them. The air has to be hot and heavy like the atmosphere of their own home in Manila, else they are not satisfied. You can positively see the moisture rise in clouds from the wet- floors and_ecling in beads to the wide green leaves of the orchids. There is a fog in the air that dims your eyes and settles like a mantle in your lungs, until the Anglo- Saxon, no matter how great a lover of beauty and the quaint and queer in flow- ers, longs for the door and breathing room. If this is Manila atmosphere, decidedly it must be an unpleasant place to live. These Manila orchids have a house all their own. They require more moisture and more heat than any of their cousins, and for six years the temperature has not been allowed to vary six degrees. By day there is the sun to do it, for heloves to linger on the roof of the glass house, and when there is a pillar of cloud by day there are the steam-pipes that warm the orchids at night to see that the tempera- | That is the family | A\ wood enough in it for a whaleboat, ana the movements of its ponderous wheels and its cordaeg were measured,dignified and labor- ious. When it struck at midnight its tones awoke half the mariners in the city and on astill day the chucking of its pendulum was- audible to wayfarers in the tranquil streets. Butthe old clock began to behave very queerly recently. It skipped stitches in time and out of time mysteriously, whi tled, clattered and grunted, and one after- noon, in the midst of a fog, it suddenly stopped with a Iong b-r-! s-h! Ithad never done such a thing before in all its long career; hence everybody wondered what was up with it. Afterward it was learned that time_was up with it. Itisthe rule in New London when in doubt to send a man aloft. That is to say,if there is such a thing as a loft belonging to the municipal- ity. In this instance an agile sailor for §1 quickly shinned up the tapering steeple and disappeared into the wooden recesses of the timepiece, while a watchful crowd in the street below held its breath with con- cern as to his safety. The bold sailor, after half a dozen mo- ments of anxiety on the part of the crowd, reappeared on the outer wall of the steeple and slipped down to the street as uncon- cernedly as a tree toad. He reported the sum total of his experiences to his em- ployers. “It’s all owin’to the durned pigeons,” he explained. As near as he could calcu- late about two dozen city pigeons had been roosting on the clock beams and bars for several years. “Seems as if the old clock had sot pretty blamed- tired of the hull gang,” he added, ‘‘specially since some o’ the cheekiest pigeons have taken to mating on the internal small wheels arid cogs, sorter ridin’ round on 'em in a new kind of a merry-go-round. Finally,”’ continued the sailor, “it appears that a big pigeon got himself mixed up with the gearing of the hour hand, an’ was sliced into pigeon pie.” That was on the day the old clock choked and gasped and stopped. “There ain’t no use tryin’ to fix her up,” continued the nautical examiner, “fur she’s clock-a- block, an’ there 2in’t no more go in her.” Nevertheless, the New London Town Government having taken the matter into consideration, at a special meeting, rue- fully, but with affectionate unanimity, dis- }mtched a more accomplished expert, a andlubber, it is true, up the steeple, and after an hour or two, when everybody be- lieved he was lost, he also came back with a verdict verifying the sailor’s. On the strength of the expert’s decision, but with a pathetic reluctance, the Town Govern- ment has rendered judgment that the town must have a new clock. Sae A Dueling in France May Cease. Should the bill drafted and submitted to the Chamber of Deputies by the Abbe Le- mire become law, as seems probable, there is little doubt that dueling in France will soon become a thing of the past. By its terms dueling becomes a misdemeanor. ‘Whosoever takes part as a principal ina duel is liable to from one month’s to one year’s imprisonment and a fine of from 100f. to 1000f. Should a duelist succeed in wounding his adversary he will be liable to from three months’ to three years’ imprisonment and a fine of from 200i. to 2000 francs, and should he kill him, the punishment_is to be from one to five years’ imprisonment, and a fine of from 1000 francs to 10,000 francs, says the Lon- don News. Nor is this all, for the mere sending of a challenge is to be a punisha- ble offense, and seconds and s'gectaturs, and even the papers which publish the particulars respecting duels or challenges, will bring themselves within ‘the clutches of the law. It is significant of the state of French opinion on the subject that even so determined an opponent of dueling as the worthy Abbe does not propose to make the killing of a man in a duel willful murder, as in England. . A Sensible Woman. If reports are true ex-Queen Lilinokalani has accepted the situation philosophically, and is really enjoying herself in her en- | with due regard to Madam forced retirement. She is posing neither as a martyr nor as a political prisoner with the hopes of release and advancement. The fact is generally getting abroad that Mrs. Dominis is a sensible woman.—Balti- more Herald. NEW TO-DAY. Shoes Built For B Classes of people —those who are saving and those who are not. The big difference between the prices at our factory and those the retailers are com- pelled to charge will buy other necessities and comforts for the econormical; more Iuxuries for the lavish spender. Shoes built for you—built on honor— Fashion’s whims. If $2.50 buys an exceptionally high grade Ladies’ Russet Shoe—of unusual beauty of style and workmanship—will you pay $3.50 to $4.00 ? ROSENTHAL. FEDER & CO., WHOLESALE MAKERS OF SHOES, 581-583 MARKET ST. NEAR SECOND. Open till 8 P. M. Saturday Nights till 10, MONTCOMERY & (0. GROCERS. . For the ensuing week we quote : Best California Cheese, per pound - 10c Pearline, 1-pound packages - - 10c Gold Dust Washing Powder 5¢ Heioz' Tomato Catsup, per bot. - 20c¢ Shrewsbury Tomato Catsup, pr bot, 25¢ Durkee's Salad Dressing, large bot. 40c Best Ranch Eggs, per dozen - - 15c Goods delivered to all parts of the city, Oakland, Alameda and Berkeley. 31 Sixth Street, 118 Third Street, 1645 Polk Mtreet. SAN FRANCISCO. FURNITURE 4 ROOr1S $20. Parlor—Silk Brocatelle, plush trimmed. Bedroom—7-plece Solid Oak Suit, French Bevel- plate Glass, bed, bureau, washstand. two chairs. rocker and table; pillows, woven-wire and top mattress. Dining-Room—6-foot Extension Table, four Solid Oak Chairs. Kitchen—No. 7 Range, Patent Kitchen Table and two chairs. EASY PAYMENTS. Houses furnished complete, city or country, any~ where on the coast. Open evenings. M. FRIEDMAN & CO., 224 to 230 and 306 Stockton and 237 Post Street. Free packing and delivery across the bay. WHALEBONE PACI?IC STEAM WHALING COMPANY'S Genuine Shell Whalebone “Orca Brand.” Specially Prepared and Selected for the DRESS G0ODS AND CORSET TRADE. All Sizes. Every Package Guaranteed. One trial will convince you of its merits and mperloflliowr all other brands in the market. STORES S5-plece suit, See that your dressmakers do ol not use inferior grades or substi- utes. NONEEQUAL T0 OUR “ORCA BRAND.” Never breaks, most elastic, lasts longest, cheap- est and best. For sale by all the leading dry-goods houses Office and Factory, 30 California Street, SAN FRANCISCO. San Francisco Women! Feeble, afling women are made well and strong by that great modern nerve invigo- rator and blood purifier, Paine’s Celery Compound. Weak, shaky, tired nerves on the verge of prostration need not much as this food for the nerves. and be well. THE LATEST DESIGNS In WOOLENS.-FOR SPRING 1893, HAVE ARRIVED. H. 8. BRIDGE & C0. &2 555 e insiei