Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, January 16, 1910, Page 18

IN R PIANOARIN LAW SCHOOL . ANATIHE DICTIONARY 1S Now 1N FRESS (Copyright, 1909, by Frank G. Carpenter.) HANGHAIL 1900.~(8pecial Corre- spondence of The Bee.)—One of the problems which Chinu is tacing s the making of text books. A publi¢ school system is belng established all over the empire, Academies, colleges and unive tles are being organized, and books are needed for teaching the new learning. When the system is In full sway millions of volumes will be required, and at present thers s practically nothing on hand. The old text books describe the earth as flat, with China covering the most of Its sur- face,, and the other counthes skirting the edges. The chief studles of the past were the reading and writing Chinese and the committing to memory the sayings of Confucius and Menacius. Today the nation wants one scheme of modern education. The government has resolved that it shall have it, and a compulsory aystem of school- Ing {8 to be generally established. Suppose that tomorrow our president and congress should enact laws wiping out our public #chools, replacing them with others vitally different, with an entire new list of books. That is the situation in China today. o Sy Books for Four Hundred Milllons. China, moreover, has four times a: people as the United States. Its children of school age are more than 100,000,000, and in the new scheme the grown-ups as well s the bables are anxious to learn. There are kindergarten and primary departments for the little ones, there are night schools for civll officlals, military schools for the army, and law schools for would-be states- men. All these are under way, and there &re no books to feed them.. The situation 18 pne of the strangest In history. It has no counterpart In the past, and will prob- ably have none In the future, In the meantime books are being im- ported from half a dozen different coun- tries. The great school book publishing houses of Great Britain, the Unlted Sttaes and Japan are studying the fleld and are shipping in translations of text books of one kind and another. The Macmillans of London and New York have published some, the American Book company and Ginn of the United States others, and as for the Jupanese, they arp plrating the #chool books of other nations and sending them here by the ton. hino 38 © s Blggest Publishing House. Up to the present time most of the mod- ern text books ir use have been made by many the missionaries. One of the largest presses of the far east is that of the Presbyterian mission at Shanghai, another of consider- able sizé belongs to tha Methodists, and there are a few of other denominations. The only large secular houss which has yeot been organized to take advantage of new conditions is the Commerclal Press of this city. It was established a little more than ten years ago, with a paid-up cap- ital of 330,000 silver, It has since grown until it now has a plant covering acres and humming with modern machinery, 1 went out to see this establishment last week, It les within two miles or so of Shanghal proper, on the other side of Hongkew creek. On my way to it I drove past & mile or so of fine foreign residences, with wide porticos and galleries about them, by many stores occupled by Chinese, by schools and colleges run by the mis- slonaries and on out into the country. I was accompanled by one of the managers and with him went through the various branches of the establishment. The Commerclal Press is making every- thing from kindergarten lesson books to English-Chinese dlotionaries, g:ographles and books of mining and engineering. It has & large lithographing plant, where a dozen presses are turning out schoal books in colors. In one room they were printing a calendar for the coming year, using twelve differont colors, and in another meking oards of many colors, depicting plant and animals for teaching the Chinese bables. Much of the printing was done from stones, but there wgre also large etching and half-tone plants with com- plete photographic appliances. In one well lighted department I found a dozen Japan- ess artists working away, and in another was shown machines for reducing drawings to any scale, Some of the engravers were cutting out copper plates for new national currency, and others were etching out plates for schoal book Illustrations, I spent some time watching them printing bank notes. The lithographic stones were placed on the presses and the various colors ap- plied in succession glving sufficlent time between the different impressions for the ink to dry. Where many colors were re- guired the shects were passed on from press to press, a soparate stone being used for each color. This was to avold wasting time In changing Ink, one set of presses being equipped with red, another with gveen and others with blue, vellow or black. Our alphabet has only twenty-six let- ters, and the characters used by our prin- THE FROM CRRPENTERS NOATH RNERIGR PIRATED BY THE CHINESE The classic characters; books ters are comparatively few. Chinese has many thousand and, In the simplest of the several thousand are used. In the Chinese now In use eviry charcater expresses @& word; the lansuage idiographic; that is, it is written in words, rather than let- ters and syllables. A Chinese alphabet is now belng formed and a new system of writing Inaugurated At present all penmanship is with brush apd India Ink, the brush being held almost perpendleular. About 2000 years ago the people had a penmanship based upon curved lines, but this was difficult to produce by the brush, and it was prac- tically abolished. Metal pens and fluid inks will ‘now be brought in, and the ald curves will come into use, This will prac- tically kill the brush-pen and Indla ink business, and a great Industry will go to the wall, The new alphabet is to have, fifty let ters, With it a different system of print- ing and writing will come Into being, and the probabllity is that the typewriter will be so adapted to the new system that it will come | nto use. school is a In the Casting Room. At character employed has to have its present every in the printing house own mairlx and be cast sepurhiely, and the characters are so dellicate that they must be new In order to do good Work. In the composing room I visited, ferent rizes of type were em of these more than S0 characters of each styie are kept on hand. This neces- sitates the making of 60.00 different characte each of which must have its own matrix, or die, in the snape of & brass type from a quarter to halt inch square and an inch long. This die is fitted into a casting box, and by turning a crank the types are turned out at the rate of twenty or thirty a minute. A score or so of such machines were busy at the time I went through the Stereo- typing spartment, and their clicking made as much nolse as so many corn shellers. In an adjoining room 1 was shown the matrices of the books already putlished. They filled the shelves which welled the sides of a large room from floor to ceiling. Anothr room was de- voted to storing electrotype plates, every- thing being catalogued and as systematic- cally arranged as in one of our modern printing offices at home, In the composing room each printer stood In a little alcove walled with cases, and he usually had a boy to run and ™ loy ‘Omaha’s Soldiers in New Armory Seated, from left to right Infantry; Judge Lee S Standing, from left to right Stat staff; Captain’ W governor's Natlonal Guards NOTABLES WHO ATTENDED T HE formal opening of the Natignal Guards armory in Fraternity hall, on Harney posite the publie lbrary, wa mate the occaslon of a brilllant military event Monday evening. ‘Tnere were present, In addition representatives of the local mi panies, & number of the governor' to la com: lar army connected with the Missourl headquarters wilitary posts, ‘Those of the regular army we, General Charles Morton, Department of the Missouri: Otho E. Michaells, alde-de-camp; tenant Colonel F. ¥, Eastman, wissary; Major D. E. McCarthy, Department of the Sixteenth Infantry, Captain Jo W, K. Jones, Sixth infantry, qQuartermaster United States Army Brigadier General Charles Morton, U. EHstelle; Mayor James C. Lieutenant Otho quartermaster general on governoi's staff, Captain Joseph F, K. Jones, & slarl; quartermascer new old op- the milltary staff and & number of officers of the regu- ot and adjacent Brigadicr commanding , the Lieutenant Lieu- chief com- chiet quartermaster; Colonel Cornellus Gardener h ¥. Gohp, Sixteenth infantry, and Captain assistant 8. A.; Colonel Dahlman; Michaells, aide-de-camp to C Gohn, Sixte:nth United Major Kesierson, governor's H. Phelps, ussistant inspector governor's staff; HE DEDICATION OF THE NATIONAL G E Y A Major K. genera Adjutant Ceneral Hartigan of the Ne- ska National Guard was present as the al representative of the governor Lieutenant Colonel W. 1. Haehr of the First regiment Nebraska National Guards, acted as master of The Bix- teenth United States band from Fort Crook furnished for the affair ceremonles. Intantry the musie The address of welcome was delivered by Muyor J. C. Dahlman, and short addresses were dellvered by Brigadier General Mor ton, Colonel Cornelius Gerdener of the Hixteenth United Btates Infantry, Judge Lee Estelle and Adjutant General Hartlgan. All the bore particularly upon the necessity for an organized National Guard, &% o nucleus for a volunteer army in the event of war. The rew armory will house the provi- slonal battalion of the National Guard, consisting of Companies I and G of the Second regiment and L of the First regl- ment. The provisional battalion will be addrosses Adjutant General Lieut:nant Colonel W, Cornelius Gardener, United Hartigan Morton; infaniry; Eixteenth assistant Berryman, Major Adams, Major d P, Licutenant Colonel A." D. Fetter- al. governor's staff; Lieutenant B. Baehr, First regiment, Nebraska IN OMAHA, seneral States staff gene UARDS ARMORY under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Baehr, and for the first time in the history of Omaha militia companies, the three companics are housed under one roof. The hall has been andmirably equipped for the purpose and will tend to inerease the esprit de corps of the militla organizations here, Following the reception of Monday evening, which was attended by a large number of men and women of Omaha, dance was given, being the initial military ball In the new armory The regular nights for arill will be Mon @ay, and the public is Invited to visit the armory on these evenings In order to be- come better acquainted with the National Guard, and to learn what it Is and what it is for. The establishment of the new armory hi already had the tendency to Increase the enlistments In the several companie: it 1s hoped that in due time they will be recruited to thelr maximum. OMAHA SUNDAY BEE: 16, 1910, Their School Needs’ AR SCHOOL BOY OF PEKING ~ fetch the types from other parts of the room. With the Bindery Girls, binding depart- ment and spent some time t.ere watch- ing the girls, There were hund.eds of them, dressed in long blue coats and wide trousers, with bands of black sik' over their olly black hair. They sat at iables, with their little deformed feet just touch ing the floor. ‘They worked so dusuy tnat 1 remarkad upon i, whereupon the mana- ger, who acted as our guide, sald: “We pay them by plecework, and have no time to waste.” I asked as to their wages plied: “Oh, they are making much money, for them! Some of the best earn $1 Mexican per week, or about $ in gold, The aver age workman Is pald about $1.60." These girls were s.tching and sewing folding and pasiing, and also feeding the presses. Their hours were about twelve per day. The department con.ained much modern machinery, and the work of bind- ing was economically done. i /CHEN Book Plrates. 1 next went into the they The man re- Celestial China has no copyright law. 1 found the Commerclal Press stealing everything th. its managers think of value for the new Chinese school, No matter what the copy- rights are, foreign authors must be con tent with the hope that their books may do good, even though they do not add tw their financial receipts. As I looked over the volumes printed by tnis company for the new edycation I found many well known American text books which have been translated into Chinese. 1 saw also stacks of my own “Geographical R:aders, published on cheap paper, with abominable illustrations. 1 was told the whole series had been prepared for the press, and that my books on North America and Europe were already in use. The matter hus been translated by the English-Chinese scholars, and, as far as possible, verbatim, but how correctly only those who can read the Chinese teachest chavacters can know. As 1 looked at my books the managasr of the company said they sold well and that he expected to get a good revenue from Carpenter's “Asia,” which was then in the press. He explained apologetically that they had been forced to change some of the literary matter In the chapters on China, as their people did not like to be told that they had buttonhole eyes, plg- talled heads and deformed feet. He made no bones about taking my books without pay, and eyven offered to make a royalty contract with me it I would write him a new reader or so especially adapted to the Chinese market. I replied that I was very busy, and he thereupon suggested that the book could be written for me in their office, and that 1 could revise it. But In that case they would expect to pay a much less royalty. 1 told him sueh a propesition was out of the question, but notwithstanding this he brought it up agalii and again, and urged It upon me at a Chinese dinner he that night Among house 1 tiona a which gave me the other books in the ware- saw piles of Chinese-English dic- They were in two volumes eaci as big as an ordinary table Webster. Th are practically a translation of the Stand- ard dictionary, whieh Is so largely used in the United They were edited by Dr. Yan, has been connscted with our. legation in Washington. The two vol- umes are widely distributed: they sell for about $ in Pocket dictionaries also printed, a native law is now in This will be out to the law sc which being es- tablished at all the provincial capitals States, who n gold and are dletionary press. sent ols, are now supplies. edit I wa Sch After visiting the another large building, which curious branch of this publishing house, It is devoted supplies, and makes everything from desks (o blowpipes for the laboratories. It manufaciur:s Indian clubs and dumb- are pig quantities, be rs, taken to contains a to school chemical globes. dumbbe pendulums bells e iron; Is cast from they in they great shall are mad and Intended used all public Every room it Is in schools, of this school book factory is lighted by electricity, and all nected by a telephone system:. The ma- chinery is up-to-date, and on the whole it shows one something of what Is going on {n the new China. are con- Miskion School Books. At present a large proportion of the new text books are printed upon the mission presses. The missionaries have been - at work in China for a éentury, and they have established schools In all parts of the country, They were the authors of the first new text books, and as teachers their graduates ave now in demand, The American Presbyterian mission press at Shanghal has been pouring out volumes for a number of years at the rate of 90,- 000,000 pages per annum, and the consol idated mission press of the Amerloan Meih- odists has alse published numerous edu- cational works. The Amerigan Bible so- clety distributes between 00,000 and 1,000, 000 volumes of the Scriptures In Chinese each year, and there is now a mission edu- cational association, supported by all the Protestant seots, which ls proparing new text books for the sehoals. At some of the missionary stations they are making school museums, Incjuding such things as stuffed birds and animals, mounted fishes, trical machines, glohes and mogel a elec- rall- waye, They have printed Chinese provinces, with the dustries and resources marked and have inaugurated new teaching the people. Indced, work which the missionaries have done canndt be overestimated, and the situation just now Is such that money spent missions will return thousand-fold T, Carnegie of China. Tn this connection_a bright woman of the mission book store of Shanghal 0 me today ” “What China needs more than thing " a sy m of circulating aries, Wwhich shall contain the simpler Books of our modern literature, including the serip- tures, concordances and the classios. These people are pining for the new learning, but they are unspeakably poor and cannot afford to buy books. The Chinese women want them. In every com- munity clubs are already established where the women come together weekly or dally to gossip and talk If they could haye such books they would be réad aloud at these meetings and a great educational movement might thus be instituted. As to the Chinese translations, they cheap. The concordance of the scriptures costs less than 20 cents gold and there are few books of any kind that sell as high as a dollar,” I clite this conversation as a suggestion for some rich Americah who would like to be known as the Carnegie of China Chinese charts, the prineipal in- upon them., methods of the of here upon clerk ald western are New fterature, The inauguration of the new school sys- tem and the new eivilization is bringing in translations of the most popular books PARGE FRONM CHINESE PRIMER 21 novel Freneh ¢ They have and the de- In one ar sued. Tho m" Voyage to the Moon" and Charles Lamb's “Tales from Shakespeare.” One of the most popular of the new issues is Conan Doyle's “Memor.es of Sherlock J, Holmes and another is “Robinson Crusoe." Among translations from the French are “Les Misevables” and ‘“Manon Lescaut, and the most popular English stories are /‘Ivanhoe” and novels of Sir Walter Scott These works are published on cheap paper; they are sold by booksellers in varlous cities, wome bringing as little as 10 cents aplece. One of the recent translations of this nation #0ld to the extent of 400,000 coples, and that within a ar; another had a circulation of 168,000 coples within eighteen months, of the western world. Today originally written in English, German, are in circulation, been transiated into Chinese, mand for them is Increasing. fifty-seven such novels wei included tran Cabin," Jul other In additien to novels, some heavy works, such as Darwins “Origin of Specie Spencer's “Evolution” and Mill's “Essiy on Liberty,” are being published, and the new constitution has created a demand for treatises on politics and parliamentary law. Dr. C. D. Tenney, formerly head of the Chinese university at Tientsin d now the Chinese secretary of our legation at Peking, fas published a number of school books, which are In a general use. includ Ing readers, and geozruphies Mr. Mylle of the London Misslon has pr pared a complete serles cf toxt hooks and mathematics in the Chiness for the Jap. anesa transiators. A Jarge number of the new {ranslations come from the Japanese. The written languages of Japan and Chini are some what similar, and the Japanese scholar learns quickly to speak, read and wrlt the Chinese In the Commuolal Press editorial room a large number of Japanese men are employed as translaiors, and I find Japancse teachers In all ihe Chinese cducational centers. Much Gf the new school furniture has beew made In Japan, and a large number of the modern maps and charts The Japanese lower salaries primer and teachers than other will work for foveigners, and this s one reason thelr employment As a rule, they are not thorough, and the probability Is that they will eventually be replaced by Amerlcans, Inglshmen or Germans, 1 look for the ste:dy increass in the number of Ameilcan teachers. There are hundreds of Chinese now studying in the United States, and there are many Amer- ican-Chinoee graduates in China. | All of these have a high regard for our methods of education, and they wauld favor 'the selection of our college graduates as lead- ers for the new schools. FRANK G CARPENTER. Street Car Lights HO has noticed on the street cars at night thai sometimes the lamps which light the cars/ barn aim for a minute and then scem to burn very bright? they almost go entirelv out, then suddenly come on again, To the ordinary tra all this is very mystifying, but to the trical engineer it s simplielty ftseIf. If a small hole was drillad in a water pipe just above a faucet, the water, under pressure, would rush out at terrific specd; but if you should open the faucot the pressure would Immediately drop down so low the water would all but cease to flow out of the tiny hole. This is exactly what happens to the incandescent lu n a street ear when they suddenly grow dim, only it Is electricity we are dealing with instead of water start a loaded street car requires an enormous amount of tricity, the motors fairly eat th rent in order to get the necessary etarting torque it s called. Using ntity of eloctricity »r the pressure, or voltage, of the system, and of coyrse the lights burn dim until the is under way. Nearly all street car systems operate at G50 volts pressure, The lamps in the consume current at 110 volts prefsure and they connected In gre of five In series the b30-volt circult. When voltage for these lamps drops below begause of the large amount of eur rent golhg to the motors under the cars, not enough electricity s being forced through the lamp filament to heat it to in- candescence and of the | dim. Opening wide the current to the motors suddenly pressure, which In turn sure on the lamps. Onc the not Are Dim, not when riding very metimes elec- elecs up eur power, ¢ such a qu us a teve car car at are cross the 10, course sht s conductors the the lowers line duces pres the car Is under way motors do requive so much current and the pressure returns to the lamps and they continue to glve their rated candle power until the next time the car started / is Progress in Electrical Farming. why even moderate means should not home comforts of hiy city when bath tubs, lighting plants, water systems for fire protection and heating furnaces were to be found only in the larger villages and in the cities has gone forever. Today there are few rural villages small to boast of all thess things and the farmer has caught the spirit of the times and his up-to-date farm house Is lighted with electrieity and heated by steam, It Is supplied with fine bath rooms and runnjng water and other modern conveniences. A few years ago the light and power plants installed on farms were very few and far between. A few adventurous tarmers had dared to harness their moun- tain pasture streams and turn thelr water energy Into electricity for use about the house and barns; & few more had installed gasoline engines for the same purpose. These early Installations proved a muccess from the first and It was not long before thelr worth’ had been talked and written about until almost every well-to-do farmer was considering the question of a similar installation. Aside from the many omies of eleotrigity for cooking In the farm sumes most of the hard work about tl farm which, in the past, has been a most discouraging factor in securing farm labo Electricity easily does the milking, sep- arating snd churning as well as turning There 18 no longer the farmer of enjoy all the cousin. The day any reason electric benefitssand econ- \ly, heating and house, it readily a the washing machine and the wringer. the barn it is applicd to feed cutte shellers, feed grin an small machinery, such the grindstone, lathe and a small buzs saw for cutting fire wood. The threshing machine and fanning mill are very easily belted onto the port- able motor. In Germany few other torelgn countries used to advantage to pull the harrows, rakes, cultivators, binders, and other outdoor machiner In the house the farmer's wife can her electric cooking devices and flatiron as well as her oity sister The number of electrical plants on farms is increasing with marked rapidity. A few of these plants run by small water powers, but-the majority use small gines and storage batterics. The time is surely coming when the majority of far- mers will consider electricity a néc and no matter how far they located from electric power stations, power transmission lines, they will find means to secure plenty of cheap electricity. Many of the electrical engineers of the General Klectric company predict that in a few more years the electric power lines will ex- tend out from the citles and large towns into the highways and byways of the coun- try farmer can tap the line and purchase at @ very reasonable figure all the he for his farm work In s, corn and as and a clectricity is also plows, mowers ave electric gaxoline en- a sity where every power requires & by Reports from Hannibal, Mo, state with out qualification that train dispatching by telegraph the Burlington system be- tween Hannibal and St. Louls 1s to be dls. pensed with this month and the telephone substituted. Nearly all of the telegraph instruments on the Hannibal division and on Mexico line, were sile ago, but some dispatc yet being done by telephone, owing to the fact that the telephone line is not quite complete. About & year & Arain Dispateh Phone. on also the tew nights and a half ago the Bur- lington built a line between Chicago and endota, 1, on the Aurora division, and began dispatching trains that streteh of track by telephone, Soon the entire Aurora division was equipped with te phones, and later the Galeshurg division, Only recently the telegraph Instruments on the Brookfield division between Han- nibal and Brookfield and Brookfield and Quinecy were removed and traln dispateh- ing on that division is now being carried on with the ald of the telephone. Beveral other divisions of the Burlington system are equipped with telephones, but not all. However, the officlals expect to eventually do away with the telegraph in- struments altogether, and probably by next summer not a sound of the telegraph In- strument can be heard over the great Q" system. —- eotrion]l Notes. Dakota is the first equipped with ranges for the officers’ mess. The wireless apparatus on the Cunard liner Caronia 15 the most powerful of any in steamship serviee, having a radius of 1,20 rotles In & few more months it may be possible t telegraph photographs across the At- Juntle from New York to London by pro- cesses now being perfocted A new windmill apparatus for generating electricity for farm use has been perfected in England. A storage battery supplies the current when the wind 18 not blowlng. The contractors bullding the Southern Pacifie extension through the mountains The North navy to ship of our be electrio near the Jalisco-Tepie there Is heavy where have the voundary tunnel work, will use of eleetrie power A gyroscople tons and been sue car s car weighing twenty-two carrying forty passeng has essfully tested in England. The propelled by electricity produced from a gasoline engine Kene American show lighting introduced in the English capital shop & to barricade every with heavy iron shutters just as soon as the day's business is over. This is a relic of those ancient days when It was not safe to lcave the shop unprotected, but the American plan of window displays and well lighted store fronts is belng successtully Introduced. IL remained for a boarding of girls in the city of Boston the real merits and electrie flatiron. With u economy In their ha sary, and when they lven rator window It baing London. is customary in pers window house full to discover possibilities of the of these girly bits Was strictiy nece found ou could get a small eleetrie flati uld be readily attached to the lighting fixture, and press all thelr shirt- walst, they were quick their this little household ccon- But one of these self-same girls, with a bit of inventive genius quickly dis- covered that the electric fron could be very easily turned upside small cook stove. On the iron she easily boilcd or even fried egg i a whici ¢ or evon iny 0 savings omizer tor down and tlat watoy used tuc made d did other es & of her fudge couking. The Kitchen o cience, which has for ra lighten the labors of man, ha to ald woman In the househ once prepared the family meals red-hot stove; washed in a steamn dry amd cleansed her floors b broom strokes, practically all by the manipulation of a alto: tached to the electric ligh n house At New the & can nov m her the recent electrical expositlc York, according to Gertrude Penr in the Van Norden Magazine the “kitchen of the future” exhibited there, had nane of the disadvantages with which women for centuries have had to contend, An clectric motor, on & porcelain stand no bigger than an ordinary card table, turned the crank of a patent bread kneader and cake mixer, ran a fruit press and an fcre cream [1eesct, churned butter, beat eggs, whipped crewm, chopped meat, ground coffec coured knives, polished siiver and even pecled pos tatoes, With the ald of these appliances & and smiling young woman admiring spectators bread, calkc biscuits as crisp and crusty the best coal aven that cver | meats that were all crackly brownie side and julcy tenderness insid and chops broiled just right over o tire surface, stacks of golden griddie cakes, plles of brittle toast, pots of steaming cof- fee, doughnuts, ‘rabbits’ everything the heart—or at least t —of man could desir While the young woman In pink demoi- strated the possibilities of electric cooking, another young woman, equally cool, froxh, smiling and unruffied, did a family wash A motor connected with an electric Jgit socket turned a highly mod ashing machine, wringer and mang'e surpent of electrically heated air driet *othes in an enclosed space no bigk n ordinary bathroom. And electrleity co veyed by wire from an electric Iigh socket over the ironing board heated the fiatiron, for there was but one, kept al ways at exactly the right heat. vl to and from roast outs ks turned ¢ I th pa’ate