Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, December 2, 1900, Page 24

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LIVERITA for BlLiuUsakSs, Qfi&&fiGEEEE&EEEEGGGGEGE&EEEGEEGEEGEEGEEGEEEGGGGE.EGEE LIVERITA for SALLOW FACE. . LIVERITA.. The Up-to-Date Little Liver Pill NERVITA MEDICAL CO., CHICAGO, ILL. For sale by Kuhn & Co., 15th and Douglas Sts., Omaha, Neb.; Geo. S, Davis, Council Bluffs, Iowa. HOME RULE RESTRICTIONS Right of Belf-Government in Cities Abridged by Btate Logislatures. BARRIERS RAISED IN CONSTITUTIONS “Towns Made the State, Not the Stute the Towus"—Notable Address The question of municipal home rule 1s becoming one of grave concern to many communities. Leglslatures of many etates are steadily encrouching upon the rights of interfering with or restricting their legitimate functions, and in many instances putting under state control departments that form an integral part of the machinery of city government. Further encrouch- ments along this line may be looked for trom state legislatures scheduled to meet next January. The most radical step in the direction of state control of municipal proposed in New York. Scnator Platt, the recognized republican leader, in order to obtain control ot New York City, proposes to push through the legislature & bill depriving New York City, Buftalo, Albany, Troy, Rochester and Syracuse of police control, and substitute therefor staie constabulary. The proposed measure takes police power away from the cities, but the clties will be allowed to foot the bill Naturally, the proposed departure in polic control arouses widespread Indignation in the cities affected, and its appearance in the legislature is likely to provoke the greatest legislative contest witnessed at Albany in many years. g Although the practice of state interfer- ence with functions purely municipal ha the sanction of custom and of some court it 18 being carried to such lengths as to fmperil the foundation principles of home rule and the welfare of citles. This fact was clearly shown by Amasa M. Eaton of Providence, R. I, In a recent address de- ltvered before the Soclety of Municipal Of- ficers in Tremont temple, Boston, Mr. Eaton cited many Instances showing the reaction against state interference, both by constitutional restraints and court de- He overlooked the decision of the @ supreme court in the Omaha po- Mce commission case, which was an en- dorsement of the principle of municipal home rule which the speaker eloquently dofended. According to the Boston Tran- script report, Mr. Eaton reviewed at length the origin and establishment of town governments from the earliest times in order to show that the doctrine that the original New England town was the creature of the legislature {s based on & legal fiction, contrary to the facts of history. Continuing, Bo sald: Citien Before States. “It 1s submitted that thls necessarily rapld survey of the origin and establish- ment of government fu all the New Eng- land tes shows conclusively that when they were settled it had not become for- gotten, as it has now, that a municipal cor- poration can be formed by voluntary as- sociation, and consequently without au- ty from the crown, the settlers #oclated themselves together as towns and took unto themselves and exerted the privi- leges, franchises and liberties properly ap- purtenant to such & form of munleipal in- corporation, ingluding the free election of their own town officers, magistrates and deputles to the legislature, the independ- ent exercise of jurisdiction in thelr own courts and under their own ordinances and self-taxation for town purposes, paying to the colony the town's quota of the general tax, subject of course to the authority of the legislature to enact general leglsla- tion, or, upon request of any town, to mold and direct Its exercise of town power, as the occasion might require. We have seen how, through the encroachments of the central power supported by declslons of the judlciary, town powers have become 1im- ited, although we cannot trace the steps of this limitations . because from 1620 to 1790 the decisions of our courts were not reported. We have seen how under the dic- tation of the bosses In charge of the ma- chine dominant in the legislature, a new system has been devised and su fully used In several states to do away still fur- ther with the rights of the towns to the management of thelr local affairs, under clalm of the exercise of the power of the state, by means of boards to be appointed by the governor with power over matters hitherto left to the towns, tho towns to pay the members of these boards, although they are not to have any control over them. These laws are palpably intended to re- ward henchmen with fat places and to bring recalcitrant towns under the power of the machine that cannot otherwise reach them. It will be found upon examination where these acts are carried through the leglslature that the pirticular town or city to be effected 1s of the opposite falth In politics from the legislature. A serious blow Is thus struck at our political rights and the courts, having adopted a wrong thoory and being ignorant of the history and development of town powers, say they are powerless to protect the liberties we are being deprived of by the leglslature. In conclusion, let us examine what remedy there is, for there is no practical end gained In pointing out a threatened evil without also pointing out the remedy and | appealing to an enlightened public opinion | to carry it into effect. Remedies Suggested, “The remedy consists In incorporating specific amendments in our written consti- tutlons acknowledging the right to local selt-government and making provision for tho legal enforcement of the right. Every written constitution, in view of the danger that threatens us and the inability or fall- ure of our judiclary to protect this right to local self-government, while stating e: pressly the right of the general laws pot Inc with declaration of the bill of rights, should also expressly state and reserve the right to local self-government in our towns and cities, reserving the right of the legisla- ture to mold and direct the powers, duties and obligations of towns and citles only upon application of the particular muni- clpality affected, and even then, only sub- Ject to ratification by the voters of such town or city. Already, recognizing this new danger from machine politiclans, six- teen state constitutions, most of them of western states, forbld the leglslature from regulating by any speclal act the Internal affairs of its municipalitie In many FOUR IN ONE PRICKLY ASH BITTERS Oures the KIDNEYS, the LIVER, the STOMACH snd the BOWELS, voun wEnicinte ron oue beiian. |eitles of Los Angeles, Oakland, Stockton, |San Dlego and Sacramento states the constitution assures the right to | local self-government, sometimes by pro- viding that the legislature shall not pass eny special act creating local offices or commissions to regulate local affairs, some- times providing that the voters ghay elect all or certain local oficers. The last con- stitution of Missourl, California and Wash- ington contain provisions under which towns and citles may make or amend their own charters by conventions of their own delegates, subject of course to the con- stitution and gencral laws of the state. The experience of these states has proved that. these provisions are successful. The charter of St. Louls thus framed by its own convention of thirteen of its freeholders elected by its own voters is considered one of the best of clty charters and the validity of this method has been sustained by the supreme court of Missourl. Refor in California. | “The system having worked there so well, when the constitutional convention of California met in 1879 it was proposed to imcorporate it in the new constitution. The machine politicians rose in alarm, profess- ing great fear lest San Francisco, the only city In the state containing the requisite population of 100,000, should break loose from the rest of the state #nd set up a free government of its own. ‘This Is the boldest kind of an attempt at secesslon,’ said one #peaker. The opposition was 8o great that the friends of the measure were com- pelled to accept an amendment that such a charter, after acceptance by the voters ot tho city, must be approved also by the leg- tslature—to be approved or rejected as a whole, however, without alteration. For years the active opposition of ‘the elty hall gang,' a potent sourco of corruption in San Francisco, succeeded In defeating every charter drawn under this clause of the state constitution. At last a majority voted to approve the charter thus framed by its own convention. The system meet- Ing with popular approval throughout the state, the constitution ‘was amended to allow all cities of more than 10,000 inhabi- tants to frame their own charters. The have thus framed and adopted thelr own charters and all have proved successtul. The sys- tem having thus worked so well, in 1890 by constitutional amendment the right was extended to any city of more than §,500 in- habitants. 1In 1892 another amendment to the constitution provided that charters thus framed shall become the organic law of the city adopting them and shall supersede all laws fnconsistent therewith, thus depriving the legislature of the power to interfere with them, even by general law, Homemade Charters. ‘““The constitution of Washington of 1890 contalns similar provisions. Those who fear extension of the principle that the peoyle can be trusted to govern themselves shou'd read tho debates of this convention and should follow the subsequent history of ac- tion taken under this clause. Seattle has a charter thus framed and the city comptroller writes, ‘The plan 18 acknowledged to be better than depending upon the legislature,’ In 1890 Tacoma also adopted a charter of its own making. The mayor writes: * “The new I8 felt to be superior to the old iethod.’ The chbarter of San Francisco re- ntly adopted, framed in the same way, by & convention of Its own cltizens, sald ‘o be the best city charter yet framed, Is now at- tracting the attentlon of students of municl- pal government through the country. The charter of Greater New York, framed through the action of the general assembly and not of its own citizens, 1s already’an admitted fallure, as it contains features that never would have been elther introduced o1 adopted by its own cltizens. Already it Is to be revised in the samo objectionable way It was framed In order that the boss and his machine may retain their hold on New York. But the charters of the western cities enumerated, tramed by gonvention of their own citizens and ratified by the vote of thelr own citizens, are admitted suc- cessen. These illustrations show that the people themseives In these new states are taking the necessary steps to correct the evils resulting from the denial by legis- latures and courts of the right to local self- government. Let us, who are threatened with the eame evil, follow their footsteps in measures to remedy them." First Principles Abandoned. Commenting editorially on the address the BHoston Transcript says: ‘The ad- dress maintains that the towns made the state, mot the state the towns, and in- stances in plenty to prove the contention are quoted. The settlers of Exeter, N. H., incorporated themsclves in 1639 under an agreement known ‘the combination.’ Even when Mason and Gorges received grants of the territory they found that it did not give them a title to the govern- ment. When the bicentennial of the town celebrated Chlef Justice Jeremiah Smith. sald that this first agreement was the only act of Incorporation the town had ever recelved and added: ‘We are a self- created body politic.’ All the New Eng- land settlements were thus self-constituted municipal corporations. We need not go away from home to learn that we have made & wide departure from our original standards. ' What the towns of the colonies would not surrender to representatives of the crown the towns and cities of the re- public have surrendered to the bosses. “Something of a reactlon, however, has set in, but its most consplicuous mani- festation 18 in the west and the far west at that. Sixteen state constitutions for- bid thelr legislatures to regulate the in- ternal affalrs of cities. Home years ago San Francisco won In an effort to be gov- erned by a charter framed by her own citizens. Then the privilege was extended to smaller citles and later to large towns in California and the experiment—if that can be called an experiment, which 18 our most anclent expression of the function of goverrment—has been an unqualified Easy to buy, easy to take, easy In action, easy in results—Cascarets Candy Cathartie, ideal liver regulator and intestinal tonle. All drugglsts, 10c, 25c, GOe. Busy Editor's Editors are always busy men, Los Angeles Times. Much occurs to make them ill-tempered, pessjmistic, sharp- tongued. There are so many bores. But sometimes bores can be dispensed with by other means than sharp words from the editor's 11ps. As witness the following in proot “Really, I think you ought to pay me $12 for my story,” said an elderly lady to the editor of a local paper. “I have spent four days writing it. It describes fully our tamily trip to the mountains. And I wrote it especlally for you. I have not taken it to any other paper. I want you to have it. Don't you thiuk a story that long is worth $122" “I'm afrald not,” replied the editor tim- 1aly. “Why not?" asked the lady “Maybe I can fllustrate ‘why' with a story,” sald the kind-hearted editor. “Once thero was a coarse and brutal man at a boarding house, who lfked plenty of butter on his viands. After taking a large quan- tity of butter from the.common plate on one occasion he was chided by the hostess, who sald: *“‘Mr. Thomas, that butter cost 50 cents a pound.’ “Mr. Thomas surveyed the butter with a Qispassionate alr, tasted it again, judicially, and saldsin a confidentlal tone ‘Well, Mrs. Stiles, good butter's wuth e Thus ended the reading of that lesson to the editor's would-be contributor, who, it may be added, did not contribute §12 worth. 25¢ boxes contain 100 pills, 10c boxes contain 40 pills, 5S¢ boxes contain 15¢ pills, Beware of substitutes and \ imitations, Sent by mail, Stamps taken, 100 PILLS 25c¢ 37 EEEE for EETCECEEEE tor 1 3 LIVERITA for LUKV Loy, LIVERITA Or LUASAIrALL * | LIVERITA tor sLUGUISG Buw LIVERITA PiL o LIVERITA for BLOAGCHLES and PIMPLES. LIVERITA for MULDY CONPLE LIVERITA 0r JAuNDIGE. LIVERITA ASUM N, LIVERITA for BAD bLUGG. LIVERITA for Mivaes Lo LIVERITA a LAINTS, for beAU. i Laa 1GIE COMPLEXION. LIVERITA for WuMeN anu i LDREN, 15 Sc ACROSS THE STEPPES BY RAIL Russia Establishes a New Record in Long- Distance Railroad Building. FACTS ABOUT THE TRANS-SIBERIAN ROAD A National Project of Great Import- ance—Its Effect on the World's Commerce—Fertility the Country Traver: (Copvright, 1900, by E. Mels.) Russla possesses today not only the long- est raliroad in the world, but also the most Important—unless all portends and omens be wrong. The rallroad in question is the Transsiberian line from St. Petersburg to | Vladivostock on the Pacific coast, 4,714 miles long, which is mow practically completed. Hitherto the American transcontinental lines have beld the record in this respect, but Russia has eclipsed them by more that 1,600 miles. As for the Importance of the Transsi- berfan line, that Is self-evident, for its op- eration means the opening to civilization af encrmous tracts of fertile land, the ultimate clvilization of the greater part of Asia and last, but not least, the tremendous prepon- derance of Russia in the affairs of the world. This road will enable Russia to dom- Inate Asla absolutely, for it will be able to whirl troops In all directions with a rapidity that will shatter one of the dearest of ori- ental traditions—dignity. It was In 1857 that & shrewd Amerls named Collins approached the Russia gov- ernment with a proposition to construct & rallroad from Irkutsk in Central Asla to Chita, with a view to ultimately extending it to the Pacific coast. The white czar permitted him to survey the route of the mythical Amur Rallroad company, but he A4 pot allow him to build it. Today the Transsiberian rallroad s practically com- pleted along the route surveyed by Collins, and Rugsia owns a road of enormous stra- tegic importance—so much 8o that she con- trols tho far east, even though Germany and Great Britaln may form paper combina- tions in opposition. When the first surveys were made the estimated cost of the road was $200,000,000, but owing to the numerous unforseen ob- stacles, the final expenditures will bring the total to twice that sum. Route of the Great Rallro As regards the engineering difficulties only those who have traveled through Siberfa can realize all that confronted the builders of the road. In order to facili- tate construction the road was divided into seven sections: 1. The West Siberian, from Chellabinsk to Obl, 880 miles, 2. Central Siberlan, from Obi to Irkutsk, 1,162 miles. 3. Circombaikallan, from Irkutsk to Mysa waya, 194 miles. 4. Transbalkallan, from Mysawaya to Strietensk, 669 mil 5. Amur, from Strietensk to Khabarofski, 1,326 miles. 6. North Ussurian, from Kha- arotski to Graphska, 230 miles. 7. South Ussurian, from Graphska to Vladivostock, 253 miles While the road begins nominally at the bridge over the Volga river at Samara in East Russia, the real start 1s at Chella- binsk in the Ural mountains, the old term- inal of the European rallroad system Shortly after the road passes Zlatoust, the ter of the Urallan iron industry, where {8 sltuated the famous white “monument of tears,” which marks the dividing line between Europe and Asla and bears these two names on opposite sides. It was here that the wretches doomed to exile jn Si- berla, with all that this portended, were wont 10 throw thelr arms about the mar- ble shatt and ki final farewell. Leaving the boundary the road passes down the eastern slopes of the Urals in & due eastern direction'to Omsk, where it crosses the Irtish river over a bridge four miles long, supported by emormous plers to withstand the ice jams which are of such size and force as to be almost ir- restible. In order to obviate the necessity for rebullding the bridge every spring the engineers placed huge stone prows on the upper side of each pler for the purpose of splitting the ice as it rushes down the river. Strange to say, the road does not touch Tobolsk, the Sibertan capital (it is con- nected by a branch line), but pasees in a southeasterly direction to Lake Baikal, the largest lake in Central Asla. It is as long as England and contalns 13,430 square miles of surface. Up to this point, those in charge of bullding the road experienced no £reat difficulty, but the lake caused them much anxlety. It is surrounded on all sides by precipitous mountains, covered by im- mense forests and as, owing to the extreme depth of the water, bridging was out of the question, & long detour had to be made around the southern end of the lake. From Lake Baikal, the road ascends to Khakaro- Kaat an altitude of 3,412 feet above the sea level, the highest point reached, where it extends into three branches, one to Viadivostok, one to Newchwang and the other (yet unbilt) to Corea. A Countty of Great Fertility. Contrary to general bellef, the road does not pass through a sterile, barren country. Siberia, excopt In the far north, is im- censely fertile. For hundreds of miles along the road stretches prairie lana cov- ered with grass which often reaches a height of six feet. Mlillions of cattle graze there. A little further north are beechwood forests, whose richness is incalcuable. Villages and towns are springing up everywhere with @ rapidity of growth that is truly American. The paterpalism of the Russian govern- ment is responsible for this, for it has determiedde to turn the waste lands of Siberla into the granary of the world, Every traln carries hundreds of settlers, overy male among them supplled with deeds to a tract of land, free transporta- tion and enough seed to sow the greater part of the as yet unborn farm. The Transsiberian railroad will bring these products of Siberia and the Amur region to the more westerly markets, as well bring the more westerly human beings to the regions where they are most needed. Leaving aside the commercial aspect of the road, it will also serve to preserve the military supremacy of R means of the road, Ru transport more Manchuria within two weeks—and when the road was only semi-comploted. Acecrding to the plans of the czar, he will the name ‘“Europ: a sufficlent quota of horses into Manchuria and the Amur region within six days soon as the road and its various branches are finished, Hindrances to Work of Constraction, The actual construction of the Toad was an herculean task. Nature seemed to take umbrage at man's audacity in invading her wildest precincts and everywhere placed obstacles in the path of the road. In the winter she plled up enormous drifts of snow, through which the hardy Cossacks and laborers might continue thelr work In the summer sho sent such swarms mosquitoes t the workmen had to If in high towers to get respite from these pests. And when she played no such pranks she reared emormous mountains of flinty granite, through which tunneling was im- possibi enabled to than 100,000 troops into | this | be able to throw half a million men and | had to tunnel their way that the engineers | too, was d Cossack boys were employed nmight and day to bring twigs and sticks on the backs of patient donkeys, that the workers might eat and be kept warm. Still there were compen- sations. The engineers and officials. lived in comparative comfort and traveled from place to place behind fast Russian horses, hitched three abreast. These hardy ani- mals travel at a great rate, the center one trotting and the others galloping. Occa- slonally itinerant musiclans happencd along to amuse the workers and the dwel- lers n that vicinage. In order to maintain a suficlently high degree of efficlency, sectional stations have been established every verst, or two-thirds of an English mile. The station consists of & one-story house, made of wood, containing two rooms and kitchen. Detwcen the two rooms and set into the wall is a tiled oven, which serves as heater for both apartments, Here lives the guard and his family. He wears a uniform and when incapacitated ftrom work through injury or old mge, he s retired on a pension. By means of these stations, 4,000 in number, tho government 1s enabled to maintain comp! rvision over the entire roadbed. Having carried this gigantic undertaking thus far, Ruesia i3 now contemplating a branch to connect the Transsiberfan road with the Transcaspian road. The branch is to begin at Omsk and will join the Trans- casplan line at Taskend, whence a branch will extend to Merve, within efghty miles of the historic Herat—the danger polnt be- tween Russia and Great Britain, So Russia is following in the footsteps of the United States; bullding an empire of farms on. its pralrie lands. It works with ever an eye to the future when all Europe will be arrayed against the white czar in death struggle for the mastery of the most anclent part of the world—when Russia will have to depend upon her own resources to sustain her In that struggle. And the white czar is building well. There 1s n brokerage office in Brooklyn where preachers and l‘\llpl'l are supplied, It 1s located at 30 Woodruft avenue, s known as the Metropolitan Ministerial bureau and is in charge of Rev. J. N Taft, Records of ministers wishing to be placed on the books are carefully looked up and s nearly ag possible they will be sent to fields of operatlon suitable to thelr particular style of abllity. A RARE BREW. WIENER brand of possesses flavor #o pe- cullarly good that it has g & most en- viable reputation. of beer quallty " } Judges hi declared Wies Py s Qi = “The Star Mlilkaukee é i Blanz Malt - Vlv{nl An Invaluable Tonic All Druggists, VAL BLATZ BREWING CO., MILWAUKEE. and over which the road had to| |be constructed at great additional COBL. | @eeeeseevesesesveserrees OMAHA BRANCH 1412 Douglas Street. Tel. 1081