Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, July 14, 1895, Page 16

THE OMAHA DAILY BEE: SUNDAY, A WILDCAT AT H | Running Down Big Game with A (Copyright, 1885, by Maurice Thompson.) High up in the mountain reglon of North Carolina, near ‘the Tennessce line and not far from where the great Blue Ridge breaks into diverging spurs which fret the pictur- eaque bank of Cherokee Georgla, we teok pos- session of a shack beside a spring. Our tront doorway gave upon the sharp, rocky declige sweeping down to a trout brook, and our back door opened into a shallow cave or cleft In a natural wall of stone. It was a cool, lonely place, where for three days, or o long as our provisions should last, we pro- posed to have our headquart while angled and shot round about. The shack had been built years before by sand diggers or chestnut gatherers It was late in October, but the still had its hot smack of summer at day, with deliciously chill nights to sle through; the air dry, the leaves scarc touched by frost; indeed, an unusually fine | autumn was at its prime; and by day the | sun swung over the arch of cloudless blue from rising to setting, and at night the moon, | near its full, dashed a strange splendor over grim peaks and dusky valleys. Will and I had the thought of large game in our heads. A deer, a wolf, a bear, some thing worth telling about must come to bag 1t possible, for there fs no bottom to the well of a youth’s imagination, no horizon bound to his ambition. To say the truth, 1 was then almost a man In size, although but a | boy in years, and Will was muscled like a | race horse for speed and strength. — We were beginning to feel the need of danger to give tone to our sylvan life. I may as well tell you at once that we did not kill a deer_or a wolf, but the dash of danger came quite suddenly and to our sat isfaction when we were least expecting it Will had killed two fine trout in a pool Just below the shack. Thisavas early on the third morning of our stay. He was bringing weather I caught Will's arm making @ hasty shot 18 he was on the | his beautiful catch up the difficult slope by a zig-zag 1oute through the labyrinth of tumbled rocks and dense clumps of mountain laurel when his quick eye saw an animal, long, sleck and of a brownish gray color, Iying in a lorizontal fissure or space between two strata of a clift not ten yards distant. It was outstretched and looked very vigorous and lithe, with short ears, a broad head and muscular’ limbs. 1 knew that something had stirred Will's blood. As soon as he came in sight the pallor on his face showed through the' tan, and his eyes burned with exeitement. “Maurice,” he said under his breath and glving the look of one who has met fate, “there's a_panther down yonder.” It was my turn to feel a chill and have a short breath or two. “A panther, where?” T demanded, halt incredulous, yet knowing that Wil had seen something of the sort. “Right down there, rection by a jerk of his head. He had his rod in one hand, his fish in the other. “It's Iying in a large crack between two rocks half way up the second cliff this side of the brook.” His lips looked dry. A panther?” I repeated. “It ‘must be, and asleep; like a cat.” 1 took @ few more deep breaths to get my nerves steady and bring my stampeded wits together. My own tongue felt furry “A big one?” T presently inquired. “No, that is T think not; a young one, not quite full grown. It never saw me; didn't wako up We looked hard at each other and T re- member well the expression of Will's coun- tenance and the trepldation in my own breast. Of one thing you may rest as- sured, however, scared or not neither of us had any mind to shirk this grand oppor tunity. If that animal had been a Bengal tiger our duty would have appeared to us in the form of attack, with no doubts about victory. We went to the mountains for blg game. We had hoped for danger, now 1t was time to show our metal, but I do not deny that the thought of a rifie flashed into my brain while I was setting my bow string and selecting a dozen heavy steel- Pointed arrows. Looking back at the adventure now, I see how foolhardy boys are and how much they need a level-headed man to take coun- sel of In times of emergency. We went right down to attack that wild beast with- out attempting to count the possible or probable cost. The exhilaration of danger made our blood tingle. This is no_melodrama, no blood-curdling fiction that I am writing. Therefore, not to hold you in suspense I state that it was not a panther, not even a youug one, we indicating the ai- stretched out dly make our fricnds belieie Tegitimute trophy of our archery. it was were golng to beard In its den. It wi Lowever, a dangerous aunimal which might | easily bring us to grief should we give it but half an opportunity and at the time we thoukht it a panther. Credit us with fool- hardy courage, at least, With commendable carefulness, however, wo proceeded down the mountain’s shaggy side, Will leading the way, until we were very near the rock cscarpinent in a cleft or parting af which the enemy was sleeping, or rather crouching, for when we saw it it was wide awake and elongated, cruel looking eves, ““There it 18, Will whispered huskily. “It sces us." At'n glance T knew what 1t was. of a_yoyng pantber, an enormous full- grown” wildtat confronting us, ten yards Va as grouching on its belly. Will's arm as he was on point of making a hasty shot. “Be cool,” I said, “it's & wildeat, go carcfully and make sure. Hojd a_mowent." g o time to think and collect my I'N'l'“1 b N < “It won't do to miss,” T muttered, ‘re- meiber, & steady alm and drive your ar- row with all your migh At ten“yards there was little chance of missing 0 lurge an animal If we reasonablo care with our aim, Meantime it had turned Tnstead the Let's 1t's a blg oue, jtself with a squirming motion %o that Its breast was | Jy presented below its broad, flattened B B danger was that ‘we might overshoot, belng so near and stauding on lower ground than the animal occupled. “Not too high, Will,"" I added, as we be- glaring at us with | took | mid- | ward hard hit by both arro p | began | tri | tured by some of Sherman's men when on g it at nine yard R R it B e e TR L | gdretl esearch, but her real of the rock and dis at the bottom “Look out, it's coming!" cried Will, And it was coming. I heard it on the | ground, scrambling toward us on the dry eaves, It probably am not sure, It emerging fre jeared in some bushes ai but not mean the next moment we the thickest part of the cover and looking decidedly ugly., It was not moving fast, nor did it pause when we confronted it with drawn bows. It's motion was that of a common cat when toward its prey. There was a gleam in its yellowish eyes I shot first when the animal was not more than six yards away. Will's bow- string rang the next moment and with & scream not comparable to any other sound | I have ever heard the wildcat lexped high, sprawling its legs In the air and fell back s and then h | turiously. | would _have | it have reached us to attack ue; I enarling and It was a savage made bad work could but we shot rapidly, while it tore around madly with tooth and claw, and every ac row told, the range was so short When ‘we reached home with the pelt of that wildeat we could scarcely make our | i believe that it was a legitimate | of our archery. I had a bull made of it scon afterward, which fine powderhorn attached was cap- snapping brute and N trophy pouch with a the march throu my father's plantation house two west of Calhoun. If any gogd man has pos session of that pouch and powderhorn now, he will know it by the inscription on the horn's butt, “M. T., 1860," and please senu it home. 1'shall be glad to pay the express charges and good measure of thanks be- side In 1867 ch Georgla we killed another wildeat In_ Flori In ail, we have bagged five, the last one near old Ducktown cop. per mines in old Tennessee, but the largest of all in Clark county, Kentucky. I do not advise boys to get it into their heads that it is nothing but fun to go bow shooting after wildcats. True, I have never been hurt by one of these creatures, but they are dangerous game and you must be right nervy when you tackle one. The other day, not so very far frum where 1 live, one sprang from a tree upon a man and’almost tore him to pieces. MAURICE THOMPSON. D JOE, and still larger BANSAN A The Interesting Cureer of Two Faithfal Little Esdimo 1505, by 8 h K. Bolton.) In the year 1851 Captain Budington of Groton, Conn., passed the winter in Cumber- land inlet, west of Greenland. Here he met Joe and the Island of Kim-ic su-ie, so called because its flat center, cov- ered with g resembles a dogskin, Han- nah was 12 years old, dressed in fur panta- locns and short fur overdr , and name of Too k:o-li-too, in her own language. Joe was a good deal older, and his real name was Ebierbing. A few years afterward a Hull, England, Mr. Bolby, met them at Cum- berland gulf, where they had come off the island to trade, and prevailed upon them to take the long journey to England. When he reached home he made a large company, and in the presence cf these guests the young woman Hannah was married to Joe. Mr, Bolby took them to several places in England and Scotland, and they were finally pre- sented to”Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, The queen was deeply interested in these people from the far north, in British America, and asked them to dine with her. If the queen was pleased with the sincere, unedu- cated, fur-dressed pair, Hannah was no less pleased with the gracious queen in her ele- gant home, so entirely different from a snow hut. She always said Victorla was ‘‘very kind, very much lady.” After two years they returned to Cumberland inlet, and in 1860 Charles F. Hall, the explorer, met them, Everybody iu both England and America had become deeply interested in the fate of Sir John Franklin, He had left England in 1846 with two ships, the Erebus and Terror, with 134 persons in search of the North Pole, After two yeurs relief parties were sent out to find them. Lady Franklin spent all her large fortune in sending out ships to search for her missing husband. ESKIMOS KNEW OF FRANKLIN'S DEATH. Finally, in 1850, the graves of three of the men were found at the far north, on Beechy Island, west of Hannah's home, so that the course which Franklin took was known Four years later Dr. Race of England heard from ‘the Eskimos that a large company of white men had starved on King Willlam Land, far to the northwest of Baffin's bay, and he obtained from the Eskimos many arti which belonged to Franklin and his men. After England had spent over $5,000,000 in searching for Franklin it was ascertained that both his ships had gone to pleces in the ice oft the west voast of King William Land, and that his poor men had starved and frozen as they wandered over the ice in a vain search for food or friends. Then skele- tons were found in boats or snowbanks, and theil boots, watches and silver had become the property of the Eskimos. Sir John died two years after the ships left England, and must kave been burled in the ocean. HANNAH AND JOE AS EXPLORERS. Some persons believed that the Franklin party were not all dead. Charles Francis Hall was an engraver at Cincinnati, 0. Ho was pour, and with no influential friends, but he felt that the Lord had called him to the work of finding some of the Franklin men. He read all he could find about Arctic life, He asked of prominent men and learned socleties money, and, fix after enough obstacles to discourage any other man, ob- tained enough to bufld a boat and put up 200 pounds of food for the journey. A New London firm gave him a free passage on one of their ships, and he went, in 1860, to the far north, discovering relics of Sir Martin Frobisher's expedition made 300 years before. His boat was lost, so he had to return to America, and brought with him Joe apd Han- nah, who had been with him two years, and who w devotedly attached to him. In 1864 Hall started again with Joe and Hannah, and north of Hudson bay lived five years among the Eskimos, eating thelr raw food and living in their igloos or snow huts. Joe, with great skill, would Kill a walrus, which sometimes weighs 2,000 pounds, or would watch two whole nights near a hole in the ice where the seal com:s up to breathe, that he might spear it for his master, In 1866, May 14, the only child of Joe and Hannah died while on one of Hall's journeys, According to custom the distracted mother, at the plain funeral, carried the dead baby fn a fur blanket suspended from her neck Captain Hall put this note In the fur cap covering the head of the child: ““These are the mortal remains of little King Willlam the only child of Ebierbing and Too-koo. too, the interpreters of the lost Frauklin Re search Expedition. God hath its soul now and will keep it from all harm.” Later Hall visited King William Land and brought away 125 pounds of relics of Franklin and bis men. Among these was a complete skeleton, proved from the filling of a tooth to be that of an officer of the ship Erebus. Hall felt sure now that all the party were dead. Joe and Hannah came back fo the states with Hall, bringing a little 3-year-old glrl which they had adopted. They bought her of Ler parents for a sled. Hannah named her Sylvia Grinnell, after the Grinnell fawmily, celebrated for thelr gifts toward namo was Punna. ~ R . s i A THIRD TRIP TO THE FAR NORTH. Captain Hall made his third voyage In the ship Polaris in 1871 for the North Pole, tak- g his devoted Joe and Hanpah and little Punna. He reached a higher point in Smith sound than had been reached by any other vessel at that time, and anchored in a har- bor protected by an iceberg 450 feet long and 00 broad, calling the place Thank God Har- bor. In the autumn of this year Hall died very suddenly, and his men spent two days in digging a grave only two feet deep. He (Copyrighted, Hannah on e ass, bore the merchant from | hair | & was buried at 11 in the forencon, but so dark was it in that high latitude that lan- terns were carried. Poor Hannah sobbed aloud at the death of her best friend. ~ The party on the Polarls determined to return, ot caught la the ice, and it was demmm.od' to abandon her and throw the provisions and clothing out on the fce. In the midst of this work, in the night, the ship drifted away, with fourteen persons on board, lea Ing on a piece of ice 100 yards long and seventy-five broad Captain Tyson and eight white mon and nine Eskimos, including three women and a baby 8 weeks old. Hannah and Punna_were among them GAL TWO—HANNAH & JOR A dreadful esnow storm came on, and the shivering creatures hudiled together under fome musk ox skins, Later they built a little house from materials thrown out of the ship and floated down Baffin's bay and Davis strait, the fce constantly crumbling and the sea washing over them They usel up all their boats save one for fuel, and were only kept alive through the heroic rts of Joa and another Eskimo, Hang, t some seals for them, which were iy eaten uncooked, with' the skin and on They had only a little moldy bread, and the sufferings of the children from hunger were painful to witness, Once, when nearly all were dead from starvation, Joe saved them by killing a bear. He and Hannab refused to leave Captain Tyson anl the party when they were drift- ing past their home at Cumberland inlet, even when it was probable that the Eskimos themseives must be used for food by the famished white men. After drifting 1,500 miles in ¢ix months (196 days), one of t most thrilling journeys on record, the party wan rescued off the ccast of Labrador by the E ship Tigress. BEARLY DEATH OF THE KIMOS Hannah and Joe settlel at Groton in 18 in a little house purchased for them by their d friend, “Father Hall." Joe became a jenter and Hannah made up furs and other articles on her sewi machine, Two years later, in 1875, their little Punna died, at the age of 9. much beloved in’ the Groton schools. The next year Hannah, at the age of 38, lied of consumption, her health broken by the exposure on the ice floe, She had long been an earnest Chrietian, loving and read- ing her bible daily. She was tenderly cared for by Mrs, Captain Budington and others, saying at the last: “Come, Lord Jesus, and take thy poor creature home.” A handsome stcne marks the grave of the faithful Han- nah in the cemetery. Joe came often to the graves on the hillside of Groton, and sald at_last: “Hannah g 4 %o Me go now again to Land; I have to fig me no went with Lieutenant Franklin_search party, June never returned to the Unite] States SARAH K. BOLTON, A iy PLATTLE OF THE Harper's Round Table: “Waldo,” said Mr. Bostone, “your mamma tells me that you called her a mean, stingy thing today. “Yes, father, I did,” replied the boy, with a sob. “And don't you know of you to do s0?” “Yes, father. The word stingy and mean convey the same idea, and I was guilty of a bit of tautology of which I am heartily ashamed, but in the heat of my wrath at ler refusal to bestow a second morsel of pie upon me, I completely forgot all questions of rhetorical import.” who LITTLE beloved She was in 1878, and YOUNGSTERS, it was very wrong Pirst Little of mice? no, not a single And she's Somerville Journal: Girl— And isn’t your cat afraid Second Little Girl—Oh, bit. First Little Girl—That's queer. a lady cat, too, isn't she? School read the Who New York Mercury acher— children, we have story of Rebecca waiting at the wel can tell me why she waited there? Willy Doo—I can. Her sweetheart was a milkman, and she knew that was the surest place to find him. Sunday Detroft Free Press: Mother—I am not whipping you because you went in swimming, but because you told a story about it. Boy (blubbering)—Well, if you didn’t want to whip me anyhow, what did you ask me about it for? Chicago Record: Sunday School Teacher— Why did_the naughty children mock the prophet Elisha when he went up the hill? Little Johnny—Because he had to get off his wheel and walk. EDELWEISS. (Written for The Tee.) High up above the haunts of fevered men, As'if some angel sought its pure repose, And near o n as’ things of earth may e, The edelwelss blooms in the Alpine snows. As soft and velvety its stainless white— (And_ they ‘say, too, who live below, cold) Howbeit 'tis the emblem of young love, Cloudcklssed and rare the” foweret doth uafold, as The s To ow plebefan herdsman hath no skill tell the love to which his life doth cleave; He knows the song his heart sings all day oni, And yet the words are fettered there at < not a bird that carols to the morn, 5 Dot @ bee which sips the swect- d rose, Nor anything in nature's noble realm But seems to him that deep love to dis- close, And often, when the Alpine evening wanes, The musing swain looks up with tender eye Marvels how much his lite might still con- tain If, when the morning mellowed in the. skies, His hand might pluck this blossom of the snows, In truth, claim, It win thé maid whose heart had else been cold, If it is'found and given in her name. they say it hath so strange a Precipitous, alas! the mighty peaks, 8o delicately poised that but the stride Of some light, erring foot doth often send An avalanche a-down the mountain side, And here it grows! What brooding poet gave The pure significance it proudly bears, There where the mountaineer may search vain; e, high above men's murmurings and KATHRYN RUSH, _—— PRESSURE OF THE DEEPS, Grave Consequences of Diving One Hun- red and Sixty Feet. The steamer Alfonso XIL, having on board ten boxes of gold coin, each box worth $50,000, struck on a rock and sank at Grand Canary while on a voyage from Cadiz to Havana In 1886, k It was ascertained, says the Boston Traveler, that the specie was at a depth of twenty-six and two-third fathoms—i60 feet— and grave doubts were entertained of the possibility of any diver being able to with- stand the tremendous pressure incidental to such a depth, viz., sixty-seven pounds to ery superficial square inch of his body. Experiments at this depth were made off tmouth, and two men, Lambert and Tessier, were found equal to the perilous task, dresses having been prepared which would remain water-tight at this great depth. An expedition was sent out by the Marine Insurance company, the divers to receive a reward of 5 per cent, or §2,600 on each box recovered. Lambert got up seven boxes and Tessler two. o terrible was the pressure that neither man could stay below for mure than a few minutes, and Lambert, for some time after his return, suffered from chronic paralysis of the bowels, by which he was in many respects reduced to the hopeless con- dition of a babe in the cradle. Probably a tightly sealed Kettle, sent down empty to the sume depth, would have been crushed flat. As it was, the divers only succeeded in finding nine boxes out of the ten, $50,000 thus remaining below. A subsequent expedition went in search of this box, and the diver, after being down for twenty minutes, hauled up, only to die. Not' a whit discouraged, another ex- edition went out with two divers from ermany. The first of these was promptly hauled up half dead, only to be sent ashore to the hospital, raving mad; the other went down, but returned, declaring that no box was there. Whether he really got so far as the lazarette from which the nine boxes were taken 1s open to doubt. The pressure at such depths must be positively crushing. In the accounts of one of the deep sea dredging expeditions it fs mentloned that when the trawl was raised from a great depth the pressure proved to have been suc as to crush together the wood of the trawl beam, 80 that the knots started out of it. — The Keystone Iron works of Reading, Pa have resumed operations after three years Wleness, ef- | DAYS OF OUR CRANDFATHERS "Bay Not that the Foom r Tim's Were Far Better Than Taeso.” HERE IS EVIDENCE WO THE CCNTRARY How the Daddies Mumaged to Live With: ot the Ccnveniences of Our Day—The arvelous Changes Wrought In w'Simgle Gentury. | today than ever befor 1t (hose Is common men, especially | advanced in life, to complain of the present and to contrast it with *“the good old times,” to the advantage of the latter. The habit of decrying the age in which we live 1s old; even in the days of Cicero there were croakers who lamented the departure of ancient times and customs, and it n with some be, €0 common Is this habit to people advanced in years, that even Adam in his old age grum- bled to Eve about how the times were chang- ing, and that the world was different from what it was when he and the mother of man- kind were young. But nothing is more certain than that the world is wiser, better, happier So rapid has been its all directions that in compari the people of even a century It s difficult for Globe-Democrat, are to the conv modern life, to un fathers could have progress in on, ago were avages, s ouls us, accustomed a entence® and comforts of retand how our grand- lived without them. T world has moved so fast and gone 0 far that many things now deemed indispensable and within the means of the poorest, were then regarded as luxuries obtainable only by the very wealthy; while by far the greater por- tion of appliances in everyday use were then absolutely unknown. Their day had not then come. A glance into any history of discoveries and inventions shows that the world has made more progress in the last 100 years than the preceding ten centuries NO RAILROADS. A hundred years ago there was not a mile of railroad track, not a locomotive, not a railroad car, not a failroad invention, not a telegraph line, not a phonograph, not a type- writer, not even an cffective system of short- hand in the world. The steamboat was an experiment wh success was gre doubted; steam engines were looked upon with grave suspicion. In England the com- mon people regardel Watt as a necromancer; in America there were a few steam engines which had been brought from the old country, but not much was thought of their working power. A hundred years ago there was not an accordion nor an apple-parer in_existence. Balloons were in_their infancy, blast fur- naces unknown. There was not a gas pipe, not a gas jet in the world, nor even an Ar- gand lamp, and coal oil, procured in very small quantities, was sold in little vials as a specific for rheumatism. The poor used a “rush" light, made by dipping a dried rush to the most convement:sort of fat or grease; the middle classes used candles of tallow! rich burned sperm or wax. Chinaware was not in common use; a few years before 0 a factory was set up by Wedgewood, and was not at that time a success, The circular saw was in the hands of its inventor. The rmer shelled corn by hand and with the assistance of a cob. Whitney was busy with the idea of a cotton gin, which he was com- pleting in 1793, The features of the people were preserved for future generations by means of ofl paintings or crayon portraits, for daguerreotypes and photographe were un- known. MINES AND LETTERS. Miners were subject to constant danger from explosions, for there wcre no safoty lamps. People left one page of letter paper blank, folded it over the rest, and sealed it with wax, for envelopes were not made Letters were not stamped; postage was paid at the time; the letter paper was unruled, for there were no ruling machines. No rub’ ber bands were in existence to hold papers together, for India rubber had not yet been brought ‘from the depths of the Brazilian forest; papers were sewed together in placc of being fastened with convenient clamps, and were then tied with the traditional red tape. Handkerchiefs were known only to the wealthy, and seldom made use of by them, being first made popular by the Em- press Josephine, who had bad teeth, and led the deformity by holding a hand- hief before her lips when she laughed. Linen collars and cuffs were unthought of, and starch was little used by either rich or. The farmers cut grain with a for the scythe and cradle hal not vented, while barvesters, reapers and mowers and twine-binders were undreamed of. There were no horse railroads in the streets, no stages save for long journeys, no fce machines, no ironclads, no rified guns. The knitting was all_done by hand, for stocking machines were not in existence, nor were lightning rods nor lifeboats. There were nu road wagons; musical instruments were scarce and costly. There were a few clavichords and harpsichords, and although some of the greatest composers had finished their work, their compositions had not been heard on the instruments best adapted to them. Bach never heard his compositions played on a piano. Nails were made by hafd. There was no straw paper; there were no paper bags, nor skates, nor steel pens. Coal tar was not in existence, so there were no aniline dyes nor flavoring ex- tracts. The power press had not come into being; printing was done by hand; nor was there any stereotyping. NO REVOLVERS OR BANKS. There were no revolvers for the use ot the criminal classes; highwaymen armed themselves with horse pistols a foot long, glving a report like a_young cannon. There were no savings banks, no seed driils, no sewing machines, no machines for making shoes, no steam fire engines, no stem-wind- ing watches, no street sweepers, for sweep- ing was never done save at crossings. The streets were unpavgd; at the corners and on both sides of the way, stepping stones were placed about a foot apart that pedes- trians might be kept cut of the mire, and these steps, on a rainy day, caused frequent conflicts between citizens anxious to keep their feet out of the mud. There were no tacks, and consequently no jokes about stepping on these instruments of torture. There was no machine-made thread. Vac- cinnation had been in use about ten years, but had not come to America, and in’ Eng. land Jenner sometimes found it necessary to have himself attended by a guard to prevent violence from the common people. There was no woedeny pavement, no wood paper; very few roomsiin America had car- pets on the floors, sand being used instead There were no factery-made chairs, no water pipes in the streets;-there was no water in the houses save What was carried in by hand; nor were' there any house fur- naces. Cooking in winter was done in iron pots before a mighty hearth, and in the outhouses in summer: The windows would not lift, for window weights had not been invented, . The sashes sometimes opened outwardly like our ishutters, but were not often used in this way, for the importance of ventilation was med understood. MEDICAD COLLEGES. A hundred years ago there were no med- ical colleges worthy) of the name in Amer- ica; a young doctapilearned his trade fron, an old doctor, and In the course of six months' study acquited the art of mixing the big doses which mere then in common use. There were md dmug stores, with their long array of bottles labeled with unpro- nounceable names. Most of the chemicals now in use are of the present century. No patent medicines wese employed. in the spring of the year people drugged themselves with huge dcses of senna and manna, as well as of rhubarb, of brimstone and trea- cle. Ague fits wera common, but thers was no quinine for their alleviation; pounded Peruvian bark, at an enormous price, an- swered the purpose. There was no mor- phine, no bromide of any kind, no chloral here was no mercy for the sick man. Bleed him till he faints,” was the favorite precept of more than ome physician. b New England, at least, there was no chance to escape the church service, The preacher often preached for four hours at a time, noted his audience very carefully, and any member of the flock absent without sum- clent excuse was waited upon the next day by the constable, hauled before the magis- trate, admenished, and upon a second of- fensa, was fined and put in the stocks. A wealthy clergyman was unknown; the preacher was paid in kind, and recelvea | each | with a bag at | during the. year a Nitle of everything that | part, his flock ate and wore. Bach parishione: deposited at the door of his spiritual ad viser a little corn, a few potatces, a littie wood, a little salt pork, a little hominy, some oats, a fowl or two, some fish, a plece or two of corn beef. Rich editor were as scarce as wealthy preachers; their subscribers paid their dues in wood,, corn and wheat; the editors were apparently always asking for money and never getting it CARRYING THE MAILS. There were no regular mails, for the me carrier was never sent out until he haa enough matter to pay the expenses of the tr fhe mail between New York and Bostgn, iIn 4, was carried In a single pair of saddle-bags, and when its quantity had increased so that two pair were neces. sary, the carrier rebelled and struck for higher wages. No facilities for traveling existed A man starting from Massachu setts to Virginia made his will and bade bis friends farewell, as though he never was to them agaln. Two stage coaches pliea between New Yol and Boston, were from six_to nine days on the road, and passed other on the way. In the cities of ars ago there were a few street mp; whale ¢ train oil, but they were lighted, except on gala occasions rybody was in bed shortly aftes A century ago there was no slecp r the boys i the churches of New York or Boston, for a man with a pole stooa ready to prod the sleepy youth and thus keep him alive to a sen f the spiritual condition. Nor was the any escape fron the collection, fc a deacon assed round the end of a pole, to which a little bell was attached to call the atten- tion of the drowsy contributors were used in the churches, and the singing was so slow that on preacher testifies he had time to take breath twice on one note. Our great-grandfathers had no coal, nor were they fortunate enough to possess matches. When the fire accidentally went out during a long winter's night a boy was dispatched in the morning with a shovei to the nearest neighbors to bring fire. If there were no neighbors an effort was made to kindle a blaze by a handful of whittled shavings, ignited by powder touched off with flint and steel. Stone houses were few those of brick still fewer. In the country log houses were fashionable, and in cities most of the houses were of frame work There was not a chromo in_ America, nor were there any statues; marble cutting was unknown. There were no visiting cards, no engraved invitations, no paps THE WAY OF THE TRAX Our great-grandfathers had no mer prisoners. In Newgate, Conn., an old served as a prison. Descent was effec s of a ladder, and, for further se- curity, the prisoner was fastened to the floor by one foot, and to the cefling by means of a chain passed round his neck. The treadmill stocks and pillory were in every parish, and hangmen kept knives for cutting off the ears slitting the lips and trimming the noses of offenders, and also manipulated the branding irous. Counterfeiters were marked with a “C" on_the forehead; thieves were marked with “F" for the Latin ““fur,” or “T" for the English “thief.” Swearing in public was not allowed; the oath ‘by God,' used in Massa- chusetts, was punishable by the stocks, ten lashes and a lecture from the preacher. Gradations in profanity were ma “By Christ” was punishable by the stocks and fine, without the lashes; “G—d d—n" by a fine of 10 shillings, and plain, simple ““damn’’ was worth 5 shillings. There was no surgery. The hod carrier today, who fails off a lad- der and is carried to a charity hospital, re- cefves better medical and surgical attention than all the mcney of George III could have purchased, or than all the wheat raised on George ‘Washington's farm could have se cured, There were no amusements; the most worldly-minded sinners indulged only in danc- ing and cards. There were no theaters ve in two or three cities, where the play began at 6 o'clock, and the managers stated that they would be obliged for any old plays their patrons did not care to use. In New England, 100 years ago, a bitter controversy was going on as to whether “theater going” should be allowed. Somebody hired a barn In Boston put up a sign, “Exhibition Room,” over the door and sent a bell man up and down the streets to announce that “‘moral lectures would be glven by several performers at one time,’ but while the ichool for Scandal, a moral lecture in several fittes,” was being delivered by a company of lecturers, the players were arrested and the play stopped. MANUFACTURES, There were no_manufactures in New Eng- land, and New York was of no importance as a port of cntry. All the rice, pitch, tar, wheat and corn exported were sent out from southern ports and the New England states were regarded as too poor to feed their own people. There was not a cotton factory in the world, for the fiber could not be separated from the seed by hand. Linen factorics had not yet come into existence; every hou: wife raised her own flax and made her own linen. Ready-made clothing stores were un known; every housekeeper made all the clothing used by her entire family, her- self spun the thread, wove the linsey wool- sey cloth, borrowed a pattern, adjusted it to her own ‘notions and made ev article of clothing worn by self, husband, sons und daughters. There was no unity of language in this country. Dutch was spoken ir York as much as English; German might be heard in many of the Pennsylvania settle- ments and Scandinavian was common alo the Delaware. Gaelic was spoken along the North Carolina mountains, French in South Carolina, Spanish in Florida and English in Georgla, the Central and New England states. No macadamized roads connected the colo- nies and no galloping horses were allowed in the city streets under penalty of a fine of 3 shillings and 6 pence. The women dd no shopping and the store keeper teat out no flaming advertisements. Normal schools were yet in the future; Sunday schools with their “millions of scholars were unknown. The teacher of the district school hoarded around among his neighbors and patrons and impressed ideas on the youthful minds by means of a stick. Educational appliances were of the simplest possible description, con- sisting of a spelling book and a manuseript arithmetic owned by the teacher. There were no slates, no paper pads, no lead pen- cils; a copy book was made from half a quire of paper. The copy was set by the preceptor ‘and the writing done with the pupil’s own pen manufactured from the quill of a home-grown goose. There were no base ball games and no boating. Gymnasiums were unknown and sawing wood was con- sidered appropriate exercise for young men. There were no dude college graduates; the Yale student had no privileges and no dainty dishes were set on his table. In the college boarding house his rations consisted, for breakfast of a_pint of coffee, a biscuif and me butter. Mondays and Thursdays were hoiling days," others were “roasting the days.”” On “roasting days" he had for din- in addition to ner two potatoes and bread his roast. On “boiling days” there was cab- bage, potatoes and pudding, usually flum duff, boiled dough with & few raisins scat- tered through it. For supper he had a slice of bread and a bowl of milk. If he wanted more he had to buy it for himself. FLOWERS AND VEGETABLES, Our great grandmothers had few flowers, save such as grew wild. They knew noth- ing of the hydrangea, which dil not come from China until 1840; nor were they fa- miliar with the maurandia vine, the salvia or the tiger flower, which came together from Mexico about’1 They did not have the thumbergia, which was not brought from the Eust Indies until 1823; nor the “‘Wan- dering Jew which reached North America from South America at the same date; nor the bleeding heart, which came from Siberia in 1810; nor the coleus, which emlgrated from Java in 1861; nor the lemon verbena which came from Chili in 1794. The calla lily was not known in America, and was rare in England, though it had come from the Cape of Good Hope in 1731; thes milax was scarcely more familiar, though it had come from the same part of Africa in 1732, and the hellotrope, little better know though it emigrated in 1757 from Peru. o straw- berry geranium was just begins to at tract attention, having come from China ir 1771, and the mignoneite was unfamil though brought from Italy in 1752. Th cyclamen had come from Cyprus in 1731, but was not widely diffused, while the dew plant had nct yet come from the Cape of Good Hope, nor the dahlia from Mexico, and the petunia had just arrived from South’ America The vegetable gardens were hardly beiter cared for than the flower plats. The tables of our great-grandfathers of 1794 were well supplied with flesh food and groaned under the welght of salt pork, salt beef, dried or jerked beef and venison, bear meat. buffalo moose and elk beef and salt fieh. Their meats were mostly salt or dried, for no lce was put up and there were no bu'cher shojy. “Killing & beef” was an event; all the nelghborhood was invited: each family took a ev No organs | | ontons, teeks, potatoes, dried beans and a few peas, Indlan corn was plentiful, but turnips were scarce and little eaten, for they were thought to be bad for the eyes, The egg plant and caulifiower were unknown, aithough the latter had come to England from Cyprus in 1603, but they hal not yet reached Amer- |fca. Tomatoes were grown am the flowere, called “love apples,” anl thought to be poisonous. Radishes were known, but |little used. Lettuce and cucumber | used in England, but not in America. There was no sweet corn; the succulent snapbean | was not yet developed, and asparagus was not in favor. Parsnips were occasionaily grown, | but not liked. | FRUITS For frults they had apples dried for win ter use, pears used frosh, and a few trees of peaches, The grape, the strawberry, the raspberry, the dewberry and blackberry grew wild, and’ were sometimes picked for use, but the frult was small, ®our and inferfor, and there was no thought of cultivating these | plants. ~ The watermelon, cantaloupe and musikmelon were unknown, while oranges | bananas, pincapples and other tropical fruit would not bear the long ocean voyage, and consequently were not seen in a_deca A hundred years ago there was 6 talk about political parties, for, asfde from Whig, under stood to mean a man In favor of Americar independence, and Tory, a man in favor of the continuance of British rule, political par: ties had no existence, Slaves were held in all the states and slave trading was consid ered a legitimate form of business enter- prise in which the pious New Englanders engaged as e Iy and zealously as did the natives of the south. Human beings were openly bought and soid, and kidnaping Indian | chiidren for slaves was a lucrative business The multiplicity of religious denominations was yet a thing of the future. The faiths of the colonists were few and simple. The New Englanders were Congregati the Vir ginfans were Church of England members the Catholics were most numerous in the Carolinas and the Methodists were Just mak ing a start. ‘The morning papers were yet in the future. Boston had the News-Letter, founded in 1701; the Boston Gazette, estab. lished in 1719; the New England Courant 1, and the Columbian Sentinel, Philadelphia had the American Weekly Mer , 1719. New York had the Gazetle and the Royal Gazette, founded In the same year, and Worcester, Mass, had The Spy, established in 1775, All were weekly and’ consisted of shipping news, local mat- ters and an occasional very cautious expres sion of opinion on matters of public interest There were no telegrams, of course. and the news letters, when dealing with political matters, rarely ventured on pub lishing names, but darkly hinted at the persons alluded to. The advertisements con sisted mostly of legal notices and ard offered for lost animals and runaway slaves The printing press was manipulated by hanl, for steam was not applied to printing until 1814. The ejitor was called the and was liable, villy and criminally for everything that appeared in his paper, and was held to an accountability o strict that a few years of the business generally made him anxious to find another job. Such were the good old days—days when every man raised his own tobacco in his front yard and smoked it in a pipe, the cob of which grew in his own field; when every woman made her own soap with lye from the ash hop per, mixed with vile smelling grease saved for'a year In her “fat barrel;” kept her but- ter in a bucket hung in the well and her milk in the g house; days when the young gentlemen had neither cigarettes nor canes, and the young lady neither her candy nor chewing gum, and the small boy could not make the immortal Fourth hideous with firecrackers, because he had nene. Men may praise the good old times for thei implicity, but not even the veriest croaker would be willing to see them return. —_———— THE ARMY MULE. nalists, A Meast that Ias Made Iis Mark in the History of the Country. Unless you have scen actual war you can hardly imagine what an immense number of wagons an army requires. There are o many things that must be taken along. Ammunition, food, chothing, medicines and surgical appliances, tents, forage for the animals and material for the repair of the wagons themselves form the bulk of the baggage, but there is a deal of miscellaneous stuff besides. Indeed the supplies required are so greaf, says the Philadelphia Times, that a large force cannot operate more than 100 miles from its base without clinging to a railroad or navigable stream. If we take an army corps at its average strength, say 25,000 men, it would need a train of from 600 to 1,000 six-mule teams This immense train would stretch for ten miles behind the troops. 1t would cost about $1,000 per team, or from $600,000 to $1,000,- 000, An army contains from two to eight corps, each requiring the transport facilities above stated. Just before the battles of the Wilder- ness the Army of the Potomac had 125,000 men. The train consisted of 4,300 six-mule wagons and ambulances. In addition to this each man carried on ais person fifty round on and three days’ cooked rations, while three days' beef ration. were driven ‘on the hoof. When the terrible battles took place this great nymber of ambulances was only suff cient for use on the field. The wounded had to be transported to the rear in wagons that were going back for supplies. As those wagons were wholly without springs you may imagine that the poor soldiers endured great suffering. The Fifteenth, one of the four corps that marched with Sherman to the sea, numbered 000 men at the start. It had 56 six-mule teams and 150 ambulances; 225 wagons were loaded with ammunition, 300 with rations and the remainder with miscellaneous sup- plies. Eight wagons had nothing but shoes and socks. Each wagon at the start carrled five days' forage for its own team, but after the campaign was well under way this item ceased to be carried. Sherman's famous “bummers" found plenty among the farmers When an army moves it would be impos- sible for the troops and their supply wagons to march on one road. If they did the column might be 100 miles long. Instead, it Is customary for the different corps, each with its own train, to march on separate and parallel roads. Before the war the regular troops out west performed some wonderful marches, relying wholly upon supplies carried in wagons. Railroads did not exist in that part of the country; in fact, it was a wilderness. In 1857 the Sixth infantry marched from avenworth, Kan., to Benicia, Cal., a stance of 2,100 miles. The journey took six months. The immense wagon train of 149 six-mule teams was under charge of Cap tain Hancock, who afterward became famous Hancock did not lose a wagon or even a wheel on the entire trip, and in his conduct on this occasion gave evidence of the great ability which he afterward exhibited as a general officer during the war. As a draft animal for our baggage wagons, the mule has been used for a long period. ' He can pull as much as a horse and can better stand the poor food and rough service which. are necessary accompaniments of a campaign. We tried horses in 1861, but on account of the immense numbers of them which died from exposure and hard work the experiment was quickly given up. Mules are abundant in_this country, and of the very best quality. St. Louis is probably the best mule market in the world Soma one has called the mule the best soldier we had in the war. It is certain that the service he rendered is beyond cal- culation. Some teams were conspicuous, as witness the history of this ome: It was fitted out in Berryville, Md., in April, 1861 A year later it was transferred to Washing- ton, and in May was sent to Fort Monroe to Join MeClellan’s army. It followed the latter up the Peninsula, was at the siege of York- town, the battle of Willlamsburg and in the ps of Chickahominy. Participating In he Seven Days' battles, it finally brought up {son's Landing, whence it went back shington. It then hauled ammunition > second battle of Bull Run, followed my to Antletam and fran’ there to Fredericksburg. When General Hooker took command of the army it went with him through the Chancellorsville fights. In 1864 find..it. at, City Point with Grant. It served with him until the war closed and a year later was In Washington, as ready for duty as ever. The team was ) hay or grain we frequently without a bite for four or five days at @& tretch, and nothing to eat but what they could pick up by the wayside. There were tmes also when they went without water for twenty-four hours. Those mules should have been tenderly cared for during the rest of their lives and never worked except for exercise Teams of six mules each are the standard for army uee. The driver rides the near Bap vjegelables iy had cubiamcs, |leather stisp. [~ = - : wheel mule and uses instead of reins a printer | strongly’ bullt, each plece having fts dte mensions and ‘materfal determined from exe perience. Wagon covers are white canyas and have printed on each side in large lets ters the contents of the wagon and the ;unm\ of the regiment, etc., to which it bes e The British | conveyanc | trom the they use all sorts of animals and for their baggage. This results widely scattered countries in which serve. In the Ashantes war they used coolles, for no animal could live upon the Gold coast, Men, women and children were employed. They carrled the loads upon their head he “common load being fifty pounds for & man, forty for a_ woman and for a | chili. Each battalion of 650 had as | many carriers. In India and South Africa the oxen ey are somewhat slow, but require bu cate and thrive upon poor food | The stand fire better than any otheg an n loss [ | | men British usa L will mal The camel fs another animal used for cars rying baggage, but only under the pac saddle The pack camel will meke from two to thiree miles an hour for any length of time, will carry a load of 400 pounds and #o without water four or five days, For the i eason that he Is so weii adap ed for use in | the Jecert the British employed many camels |in_the recent Soudan eampaign The camel has some Isadvantages from a military standpoint, however. He is very delicate in constitution and subject to diseases but little understood. He must also have proper food and plenty of it. Lord Wolselgey states that the daily ration for a good sized camel is twenty poun's of dry or | green fodder, together with eight pounds of | barle flour. The la'ter is made up into & | paste” ball and rammed down the camel's throat. The British consider tha elephant the king of beasts of burden, although, of course, he can only be used In warm countries. The elephant becomes fit for work at twenty years f age and lasts until he is 80. He can pack 1,200 pounis upon his back and haul a much laiger load. He will not s'an fire, Low: ever, and that s a very serious drawback. The ‘usual ratbn for an elephant is a large, thick cake, consisting of twenty-five pounds of wheat flour mixed with one pound of ma lasses. In addition he is given 400 pounds of green food, such as sugar cane. He will drink thirty gallons of water per day. - Novel Aeship. A. J. Cooley, an inventor of Hc Y., sayg he has successfully irship which will carry one person. is about ten feet in length, with two j of wings, each pair having a_spread twelve feet. Placed between the two palrs of wings is a large hollow box, on one end £ which the pilot-house for he occupant il be built, The front pair of wings is { station Mr. Cooley's idea Is that his | machine will sail like a hawk or an alba- tross that has been thrown on the al Having been onece tehed, it will sk along on a certain plane, and may be eith | raised, lowe 1 entirely around by the movement of the res of wind beaters. A public demonstration of the in= vention' will soon be given, after which 1t { Will be placed on exhibition to raise money exough to bulld a larger machine, For Sale by all First-Class Dealers. SWIFT AND COMPANY i‘ SOUTH OMAHA, NEB, VAV AVTVBNNA JULY SPE nellsville, completed n VVVVVAVVVVVUN SWEET—— SAVORY—— SATISFYING SWIFT'S PREMIUM el e e e U U HAMS - BACON i Think of the thousands of hams and bacon that go out from South Omaha daily! We select but the best ones for the brand, “SWIFT'S PREMIUM.” Smoked lightly— trimmed nicely—extra mild—not salty. No mun could make them betier. Furniture of Every D s'riptlonv in oor July Special. CHAS.SHIVERICK & CO. 12th and Douglas. Central Mississippi. The Garden of the World! Summers Cool--Winters Mild! Mean temperature 42 fall 56 inches. No lon blighting hot summers ouths. F fuel, Good water rliest markets in the country, ‘I s for frult and garden truck properly worked will make y and make it easicr than tes in the west or north. The towards the south, the land of quicks d surest results with the least risk bor, One half the work you do here will bring you four times the results in this wonderfully rich country; there i no such thing as faflure, The people arc friendly, the climate delightful and healthy: railroad facilities first-class, and the wholé country bids and pays for what you raise. Caltle run out the whole year and do well and two to three crops can be raised ecach year. Particulars given on application; correspons dence solicited. GEO.W. AMES, Gen'l Ao, 1617 Farnam St., Omaha, Ncb. Bloomers and Sweaters ’ and all sorts of cycle clothes will neves start to shrink if you wash them with WOOL SOAP It makes flannels besutifully clean without shrinking. Thenagain it's the best angd most refreshing in the bath tub., None other as good. AT YOUR GROCERS. to 66, Average cold winte No blizzards. n- No No The best venty you more the best tide has The wagen 1s large asd very RAWORTH & SCHODDE, CHICAGO,