Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, March 21, 1892, Page 7

By Willtam Saunders, Divector Dominton Exper imental Farins The rapid growth of the beet sugar Industry within the past fev 8 in Germany, Austria, France, Russia and Belgium has awakened in all civilized eountries a general interest in this sub- ject. Numerous experiments have been tried with sugar beets for the purpose of ascertaining where they could be suc- pessfully grown with a sufficiently high peroontage of sugar to permit of thelr being manufactured with some hope of profit. This experimental testing of sugar beets has become very general of late in the United ates and Canadaj and sufficient evidence has been accu- mulated to show that in both countries there are large areas over which this useful plant can be grown to a degree of srfection ns to sugar strength and pur- ty equal to any produced in Europe. It is also indispufable that the cultivation of root crops is very beneficial to the goil. The land is nccessarily stirred to a greater depth than with other cror weeds are subdued by the frequent culti- vation necessary in root culture, and the toil, after the roots are vemoved, is left in much better condition for the success- ful growth of subsequent crops. or theso reasons the growing of root crops deserves encouragement. In view of these facts the question nat- urally avises, Why has this industry not been more generally ond successfully e tablished in this country? Th o paid to foreign countries for 223,841,171 pounds of ~ sugar imported into Canadn for the year ending July 1, 1800, $5,857 8! and for 174,045,720 pounds for the year ending July 1, 18 Why could not this article be produced by our own people, and this lavge sum of money spent in promoting a useful in- dustry in our midst, whereby a portion of the arable land would be improved and employment provided for several months in the yeur for a number of veople. “T'he best sugar industry in Buropo has been developed undor the favoring in- fluences of protection and large boun- ties,and one of the objects of the present inquiry is to endeavor to present, free from bias or prejudice, the facts bearing on this subject from all sides, so that an intelligent judgmentmay be formed and such conclusions reached as may best promote the welfaro of the Canadian people. To obtain information the writer has recently visited the beet sugar factory at West Farnham, Quebee, and also the factories at Grand Island and Norfolk, in Nebraska, United States, and has in- quired concerning tho valuable tests, both chemical and agricultural, which have beca carried on for some years past under the direction of Dr. H. W. Wiley, the talented chemist of the Depurtment of Agriculture at Washington. Visits have also been puid_to the experiment station at Lincoln, Neb., where the pro- duction of beet sugar has been made a special subject of study by the director and well known chemist, Prof. I H. Nicholson; also to the stations at Ames, Ja., and Madison, Wis where further useful information has been obtained. Additional facts have been gathered by a careful study of the avail- able literature which has appeared on this subject during the past twenly . ¢, and by correspondence and in- terviews with experts who have spent much time in acquiring a knowledge of this industr, 1In the preparation of the report [rec use has been made of the material.con- tained in the reports of the Department of*Agriculture of the United States and of the special bulletins on this subject which have been preparea by Dr. H. W. Wiley and published by this depart- ment. The past eleven volumes of *'The Sugar Beet,” published by Lewis S. Ware of Philadelphia, have been simi- larly used. The author aiso desires to atknowledge his personal obligations to Dr. H. W. Wiley for much general in- formation covering the whole subject; also to Prof. H. H. Nicholson of Lincoln, Neb. Further nssistance has been given by the loan of a valuable collection of papers and documents cn this subject made by Mr. George Johnson, satistician of the Department of Agriculture in Ot- tawa. For much of the information re- garding the manufacture of beet sugar I am indebted to Henry T. Oxnavd, esq.. of Grand Island, Neb., U. and to Al- fred Musy, esq., of Farnham, Quebec. THE BEET SUGAR INDUSTRY IN EUROPE. The beet Beta vulgaris has long been cultivated. De Candolle, in his **Origin of Cultivated Plants,” that the red and white beets which botanists gener- ally ugree in regarding as varielies of one species wero known to tho ancients, but their cultivation does not probably date more than three or four centuries before the Christian ecra, The culti- vated beet has probably originated from a_slender-rooted variety, which grows wild along the coasts of the Mediterra- nean sea and in Persin and which has become more fleshy rooted by long cul- tivation, Itis a plant easily improved by selection and careful culture, and the number of varieties has greatly in- creased in modern times, especially since the beet root has been so largely culti- wvated for tho production of sugar and as food for cattle. 1n 1747 a Prussian chemist named Margraaf read a paper beforo the Acad- emy of Sciences in Berlin on the oxi. tence of cane sugar in many home grown roots. He found most sugar in the white Silesian beet and produced sam- ples which he had made from that root. After describing the process by which he obtained this sugar he gave it as his opinion that the production of sugar on a large scale from the beet could be made remunerative at the high war prices at which sugar was then held. Whe interest which this discovery at first awakened died out when peace was restored and the price of sugar went down. With the outbreak of another war thesubject of making sugur from the beet was again discussed, and under the pa- tronage of Frederick the Great another Prussian ohemist, named Achard,began ® sories of experiments in 1773 to test the practicability of this project,but the death of Frederick put a stop to this work before any satisfactory results were reached, Achard resumed his ex- w riments in 1775 and established a fac- ry which was maintained by the Prus- slan government, and in 1779 he pre- sented to the king of Prussia several loaves of beet sugar, accompanied by & report in which he claimed to have ob- tained 6 per cent of raw sugar from the root and to have manufactured it ata «cost of about 6 cents per poand, At the same time he stated that he believed that with further improvements in tho process the cost could be materially reduced, RISE OF THE INDUSTRY IN FRANCE, This report attracted much attention in France, where a committee of promi- nent scientific men was appointed to in- yestigate the subject. In their report they stated that Achard did not obtain more than 1 per cent of sugar from the beets, and after this information had been made public further pursuit of the subject in France was for the tine aban- doved. Meanwhile two new factories were established in Germany, and the vesults obtained by the three factories 'orldniI there induced Napoleon I. to renew the inquiry by the appointment of a new committee of experts to carry on experiments with the beets, Re- PRODUCTION OF BEET SUGAR, | ports made in 1810 by Deyeux and in 1811 by Barruel, to the effect that a yield had been obtained of about 14 por cent, and that sugar had been made ost of about cents per pound. Napoleon _offered liberal bounties to further this industry, and at one time $200,000 was placed at the dis- posal of the minister of agriculture to stimulate the proanction of beet sugar. The overthrow of Napoleon in 1814 cut off the government bounties and threat enod the destruction of the new sugar industry, but u duty of 50 per cent levied by the restered government en- abled one mant irer, M. Delisse, to continue the business, and he claimed to have obtained 5 per cent of svgar from his beets, and to have mado it at a cost of 7 ceuts pec pound, From 1820 to 1825, under the protection afforded by n heavy duty, the factories multiplied, and from reports published in the latter year, we gather that 100 establishments were in operation, but they must havo been vory small, as the total output was only 5,000 tons of sugar. By 1836, 430 factories wore actively working, pre ducing 49,000 tons of sugar; but in 18: when o part of the protection was with- drawn by the levying of a duty of 1} cents per pound on domestic sugars, 160 of the factories were closed and the pro- duction of sugar fell that year to 22,000 tons siso regulations more favorable to the manufacturers soon brought about a vovival of the industry, and for some years it mado rapid progress, France neanwhile leading all the other nations of Europe in the quantity of sugar pro- duced. By 1872 the production had been worked up to 408,600 tons, but the tax collected was still levied on the sugar produced, and the farmers who grow the beets for the factories had no special stimulus to produce beets of high quality, but it was rather to their in- terest to obtain vy crops. Hence they sought weight peracre rather than n high percentage of sugar. The manu- facturers also had but little inducement toimprove theiv processes for making sugur, and under these conditions the dustry fluctuated from year to year and made but slow advavcement in France. But in 1884 a new law was passed which provided that the tax should be levied on the beets on the basis of a duty equal to that of 6 per cent of sugar where factorics were worked by diffusion and 5 per cent where tho juice was extracted by hydraulic pressure. These differences were to be tolerated until 1887, after which all factories regardless of. process were to be equally taxed. The manufacturers wero to have as bounty all the suga they could make above these per- centages duty free. In 1883 the uverage sugar production was about 6.60 per cent or 473,671 tons from 7,328,000 tons of beets; in 1884 it was 6.87, the produc- tion of beets naving dropped to 2,000 tons and the total yield of sugar to 308,410 tons, for under the now regula- tions the bounty obtainable that year by the best worked factories was reduced to about three-fourths of n cent per pound, In 1885 the crop of beets fell to less than half of what it was two years before, having dropped to 3,450,000 tons, with asugar production of only 200,000 tons, but u great stimulus had been givento improving the quality of the Deets s well as the process of manufac- ture and the manufacturers offered prices in accordance with the quality of the beets, and the porcentage of sugar made that year was 8.40 which brought the bounty up to about 13 cents per pound. The yield of sugar has been increasing ever since. In 1888 it wassaid to be 9.6 in 1889 10.05, and in 1890 it fell off a tle being 9.80 per cent. The industry developed rapidly under the stimulus of these increasing bounties. In tho meantime, however, the government raised the standard sugar strength of beets from 6 per cent to 7.50 per cent. The system at present in force in France, as explained to the writer by Mr. A. Musy, manager of the bect sugar at Farnham, Quebee, is as follows: There are two methods by which the tax on beet sugaris levied, and manu- facturers in that country may elect not later than September 15 in each year under which system they propose to run their factory for the season, One rogu- lation provides that the duty shall be paid oh the manufactured sugar, the manufacturer being allowed to take out of bond, without paying duty, 15 per cent of all he makes. As the duty is about 54 cents per pound, this is equiva- lent to o honus of about 824 cents on each 100 pounds. By the other method the tax is levied on the beets, which are es- timated to yield 7.75 per cent of sugar, and a duty is paid onevery 100 pounds of voots which enter the factory, equal to that on 7% pounds of sugar, and all the sugar which the .manufacturers can makoe over and above the 7.75 per cent he gets duty free up to 10§ per cent, If his beets yicld a higher percentage than 104 he must pay one- half of the duty on all he makes above that figure. Supposing the production tobe 114 per cent, which many of the factories are said now to obtain, the owners have 2f pounds of free sugar from every 100 pounds of beets, equal to u bounty ‘of a fraction over 15 cents, to which the 1 per cent at half duty adds 2% cents, making a bonus of 174 cents on 114 pounds of sugar, o fraction over 1% cents per pound on all the sugar made. When this sugar is exported a drawback of the full amount of duty is allowed on all that has been made, including that portion which the manfacturer has had frac, and by this process tho revenues of F'rance ave drawn on to furnish chean sugar to the outside world, for in order to find & market it must compete in price with cane sugar, which costs less to produce. It is stated that rofined sugur is sold in France to foreign coun- tries at 8-63 cents per pound, while for home consumption it brings '9-40 cents, In an official report of the Irench secretary of state for 1886, some figures are given of the yearly profits realized by beet sugar factories in F'rance, One factory realized $96,000, and many others had from $52,000 to 54,000, Other cases are cited of #74,000 and $70,000, und one factory is men- tioned whore the profits in a single cam- puign were nearly 50 per cent on the capital invested. On the 10th of Novem- bor of that year, in a speech by tho director general of the budget com- mission in the Krench chamber of deputies, speaking of the profits of sugar factories the following was stated: “Duaty is paid according to a conven- tional yield, which is this year 6 per cent, but the true yield appears to bo nearly 12 per cent, Meanwhile 10 per cent um‘y he taken without exaggera- tion, The sugar makers obtain a benefit on the yield of 80 to86 per cent, The actual situation is a 10ss to the treasury of 72,000,000 francs,” During the season of 188900 it was estimated that in France about 500,000 acres of land was aevoted to the cultivation of sugar beets, and it is said that the factories during the period of active work gave emplo, ment to 39,000 mon, at an uverage of cents per day, 4,000 women at 38 cents and 8,000 children at 84 cents. PROGRESS IN GERMANY, In Germany, owing to the disastrous effects of devastating wars, but little progress was made in the manufacture of beet sugar until about 1836, when there was 192 factories in operation, which increased to 152 in 1841, During thnl{eur o portion of the advantage which the factories had enjoyed was taken from them by the imposition of a light internal revenue tax on the beets used, and 7 of the fuctories closed, The OMAHA THE Y following year the tax wasincreased, and 47 more censed operations, reduc- ing the number working to 98, The in- dustry languished. owing to poorly con- structed establishments and severs com- petition with cane sugar until 1845, when with the number of factories still at 98 a further tax was imposed on tho beets which reduced their number to Y6, By this time marked improvements had been effected in the quality of the beots grown, by which the yield of sngar was increased; improvements also in tho process of manufioture were devised which lessenod the costof production, and fthe growth of the industry was continuous, notwithstanding that the government doubled the tax on boets in 1851 and again doubled it in 1851, after which no change was introduced until 859, when another increaso was made, and for ten years no further government interference took place. In the report of the United States Con- sul General Edwards of Berlin, on the beet sugar industry of Germany, sub- mitted in March, 1800, we find that from 1869 to 18853 the duty on sugar heets en- tering tho factories was 1.60 marks per 100 kilos, equal to about 8,42 per ton of 2,000 pounds, and from 18 which provides for a reduction in the tax on beets from 1.70 to 0.60 marks per 100 kilos, equal toabout $1.28 per ton, while an additional tay put on all sugar manufactured of 12 marks per 100 kilos, being a-fraction over 1} cents per pound. The drawback which is allowed under this new law is as follows: For raw sugar polarizing from 90 to 98 ver cent, and for retined sugav under 98—8.50 marks per 100 kilos; for white sugars from 98 to 99.50, 10 murks; and for 91 and o 10.65 marks. The object in view in all these changes has been to reduce the bounties which sugar-makers have received through the protection which the tariff has af- fordea and the margin which the inter- nal revenue regulations have allowed them., The last change, whils some- what lessening the production of sugar, has mado o favorablo showing on the revenue. During the fiscal year, 1887- 88, before this new law went into force, the taxes collected on beets and sugar amounted to $28,176,106 and the rebates on sugar exported to §25,125,184, lenving a net balance on sugar account of $3,050, 922, showing that a very large propor- tion of the tax paid on the sugar con- sumed by the German people had_been given by the government in indirect bounties to the manufacturers and in drawbacks to enable them to supply cheap sugar, often below the cost of pro- duction, to Great Britain, the United States. Canada and other purchasing countries. In 1888-89, while the opera- tion of the new law had lessened the total output of sugar and brought the sum collected in taxes on this article @ down to 72, it reduced the amount paid in rebates to $I , 088, leaving a net balance in the treasury on n to the on of gar account of $7,162,310, n go venue on a reduced prod $4,011,388. From an early period the system of taxation in Germany was so framed as to prove n stimulus to improvements in the methods of manufacture and to the production of beets containing a high percentage of suzar, as the price paid for them was in proportion to their sugar contents—in short, to extract the largest proportion of sugar possiblo from cvery ton of beets used, while tie system in operation in France prior to 1884 had a very different effect. In that yvear, as already stated, a tariff was adopted in France based on the German plan, and the results since obtained show a steady improvement. Neverthe- less, Germany still takes the lead, and on account, of the relative advantages sha'has gained continues to make beet- root sugar cheaper than it is yet possi- ble to produce it in France. The foilowing table show the relative progress of this industry in the two countries, the number of tons of heets worked, the total sugar extracted and the average percentage of sugar made from the beets from the year 1872 to 1890.% s e || S s od i cns ol R bt e Tons. Tons. | yleld. o 1 ST S R E R e B 14 B B E 8| Gl 8 RE {163 he followIng figures are belleved to be correet. They haye been compiled partly from officia) data and partly from the “Sugar Beet' and “Licht's Cir- culars.” 1t has often been stated that the farm- evs in Europe and especially in Ger- many ave fully alive to the importance of cultivating beets on their land, and to the profits of the crop. By the oflicial records of the German government it is shown that for eighteen years ending with 1888, which are the latest records available, more than 60 per cent of the total quantity of beets used in the Ger- wan empire for the manufacture of sugar was grown by owners of the facto- ries, and less than 40 per cent by the farmers, The average production on the land worked by factories is said to have been 12 tons per acre in 1886, 10 tons in 1887, 11 tons in 1888, 13 tons in 1889, and in 1890, according to the esti- mate of Mr, Licht, it was 14 tons, The number of factories working during the eighteen years referred fo varied from 811 to 401, the number operating in 1888- 80 heing 806, The average number of days of twelve hours which each of these factories worked during the period named was seventy-eight. About 700, 000 acres of land are devoted to beet cul- ture, which is sald to be about 8% per cent of the arable land of the empire, Large profits are made by many of the factories. In 1881 some details were pub- lishedastothe dividends paid by five of the large establishments which were said to be as follows: 86, 38, 88, 43 and 50 per cent. In 1889-90 some of the German authorities state that wany of the rac- tories had made profits that year vary- ing from 20 to 50 per cent on the capital invested. It does not, however, appear that the farmers share to any great ex- tent in these large gains. Inareport made to the United States government in 1888 by the United States consul at Crefeld we find the following: *“The business of farming in Germany has been for some years,and isnow, in a depressed and very unsatisfactory condi- tion. This fact is particularly apparent in the prevailing low value of farms as compared with previous years. It is said by those who are in a position to be well informed on the subject that in dis- tricts which are remote from large cities aud where the consumption of milk and other ‘]»\srhhubla farm products is small, that farming properties can be pur- chased at 50 per cent of their former value, 'he chief reason given for the cause of this depreciation is the universally low prices steadily maintained for grain and cattle, brought on the country, it is sald, in consequence of the immense importation from Russia, America and DAILY JBEE: MONDAY. the East Indigs of similar articles of food., 1 ““The sugar “Manufactories ave mostly in the hands of companies which control largo amount{ *of capital, and only a few establishméits are in possession of agricultural nssociations, Up to the resent date tho government has ro- funded to the manufacturers the entire duties collected on export sugar, and for this reason théir dividends have been lavge; but the farmers who produce the Dbeets do not seem to have been benefited by this liberal measure, as the price of sugar beets has been tending steadily downwards, ‘‘Farmers are now however growing wise by experience, for they have learnt that the conversion of their sugar beet crops into beef, by feeding them to cat- tle, is & much more profitable transace tion than selling them for sugar pure nt prices.” able throughout Germany that scientific and modern methods of cultivating the soil are rapidly super- seding r:\st usages, and that the busi- ness of farming is being comiucted upon the basis of higher intelligence and business-like prineiples.” LTTERS. It is understood that the findings in the court martial case of Colonel L. C. Overman, Corps of Engineers, scquits that offices of the charges against him, A report comes from the White house that the president has decided to postpone the appointment of a brigadier gencral until the retirement of General Stanley in June next. "The reason assigned for the delay is that the president is unable to decide between tho candidates of Secretary Elkins and Sonator Proctor without offending one or the other, and therefore prefers to make both appoint- ments at tho same time. ASs proviously stated, Secretary Elkins has recommended the appointment of Colonel Carr, and Sona tor Proctor, Colonel Otis. In German and Austrian society a second lieutenaut, of regulars occupies n higher standing than the most learned vrofessor, eloguent advocate, or skillful physician, un- loss, haply, thoso gentlemen should hold military rank outside their respective pro- fessions, as many of them do. In Prussia the army or navy officer must not sit 1 the overa stalls. He is too sublime a personago for that. The stalls are for such inferior beings us civilians, whose social superior he 18 in virtue of his silver sword Koot, no matter to what suberdinate station of life his family may belong. The Army and Navy Register is authority for tho statement that some interesting dé- velopments are promised with smokeless powder for the army. T'he ordnance officials have been notified of the intention of a New | England inventor, whose composition has already been successfully tried in the small arms, to furnish a sample of powder for heavier guns and arrancements have been made av Sandy Hook for the testing of the article. The ~previous results obtained by tho army oranance people with this powder have prompled the gentlemen interested in the prodaction of tho material to form a com- pany for its further manufacture, and there is every likelihood that the coust defense weapons, by the time they are properly em- placed, will have tho best of modern powder. General Flagler, chief of ordnance, has de- tailed Captain Pitman to tako charge of the new smokeless powder laborazory which will bo started at tho Frankfort arsenal. The selection of this ‘officer is an excellent one. He comes to thé duty with experience in laboratory work and a desira for resulis that will lead to a satisfactory solution of the smokeless powder /problem. All matters per- taining to the subject aro now sent to the EFrankfort arsenal, and if congress can be in- duced to appropriats a small sum for the proper fitting up of a laboratory, such as will be needed for successful work, there 1s no reason why there should not be results. Fort Roblnson. George, H. Jeswelt, of Aglington, Neb., completed and turued over Lo the govern- ment last Monday the new guard house. Mr. Jewett left yesterday for Cheyenne. B. S. Paddock, post trader, received offic- ial notification from Washington this morn- ing that he was granted an extension of ume to clos up his business from April 1 to December 1, 1892, This weock was ushered in by asnow storm which continued for about forty con- secutive hours, depositing in that time six inches of the *‘beautiful.” Fires have been started in the now guard house to warm itup and test the steaw heating plant. The steam laundry apparatus has arrived and Mr. Wah Leo will have to dig up ninety-five big **Melican” dollars to pay the freight chargos. Private Tilton, who has been in the Chaa- ron juil for some months charged with shooting & woman 1n Crawford last fall, was tried and acquitted, and returned to the post this morping for duty. Tnermometers registered 42 below on the night of tho 15th, Each day brings with it fresh reports about change of station and keeps every one on tho anxious seat. Within the pastten days we have been going to every post in Arizona, Texas and Montana, ¥ort Sidney. Lieutenant Sol E. Sparrow, adjutant Twenty-irst infantry, who is absent on leuve, has had his seven days (post leave) extended twenty days by the department commander. Lieutenaut I, L. Palmer 1s acting as post and regimental adjutant during the absence of Lieutenant Sparrow. The following named recruits, enlisted by Lieutenant Stamper at Lincoln and other points in castorn Nobraska, aro recent ar- rivals here: Loedy, Wadkins, Wrieht, Bowling and Hoagland, Corporals Ross and Ryan, company B, have been reduced to the grade of private by sentence of summary court. Private Joseph McLaughlin, company A, has been appointed corporal. The transfer of Private Charles Bowen, company I, Sixteonth infantry, to company E, Twenty-first infantry, bas been revoked by War department order. The following men have recently been dis- charged under the provisions of general order No. 80: Privates David Johnson, com- any C, and James H. Durkin, company A, wenty-first infantry. The Fort Sidney Amateur Dramatic asso- ciation, of which mention has herstofore been made, went to Fort Russell on the 9th inst. and played Our Regiment at the Post theater. The rity of the troupe re- mained over uniikthe 11th, in order to attend a ball given in thieir honor. The troupe were the recipients of much attention and many kindnesses, and left Fort Russell loud in their praise of thébeventeonth infantry us generous hosts and royal entertainers, Lieutenant J.,W. McAndrew has loft here for Columbus Barvacks, Ohio, to which point he had been ordgred for the purpose of con- ducting & detachment of recruits for tho Pwenty-first infgatry, forty in number, thirty to go ta.fort Randall, S, L., the re- mainder to be braught here, The old soldiers here are discussing the establishment qf jp warrison of the Regular Army and Navy union. It is learned from posts where thef¢ posts are in existence that it creates 8 betlof feeling and comradeship among old soldiexs and greatly tends toward sociability in general. The officers comment very favorably upon tho society, and promise a future for the 1nfant organization. The recent fine weather broke the ice in the Missouri, a tokon of an early spring in this Ppart of Uncle Sam's country.e Prairio chickens and juck rabbits #re very plentiful around bere, because the gama law protects them at present. Private Sherman, attached to company I, Thira iufantry, re-enlisted lately for com- pany I, Twenty-first infantry, stationed at Fort Randall, Sherman thiuks the Tweaty-first foot is bound to bave a change of station this year, not having had a chunge for neorly eight years, Corporal Wormer, ‘company C, Twelfth infantry, returned from Kori Snelling last Wednesday. The corporal had charge of a detall conducting a military couvict 1o that post to serve out @ yeur's sentence at hard labov. Fort McKinuey. The following changes have taken place among the eulisted men at this port: Cor- poral Thomas J. Smith, traon “C.” Sixin MARCH 21. cavalry, dischargad; Private Martin MeDon- l ald, transforred froty the band to compan H, Eighth infaotry; Joseph E. Lupton, dis- charged from troop ', Sixth cavalry, last month has re-oalisted in company H, Lighth infautry. Licutenant Elmer Linsley. xth cavalry, was relieved from charge of the detachment at the log amp March 9 by Lieutenant 1. N Jones, Efghth infantr Reports from the camp are to the eftect that very little can bo done in the way of cutting timber for somo time to come, owing to the great dopth of snow in tho mountains, Second Lieutenant 15, N, Imes, Eighth in fautry, was detailea March S to' proceed to the log camp and relieve Lieutenant Elmer Lindsley, Liocutonant Lindsley recoived a mossago on tho 7th that brought him back 1o the post as fast as his horse could carry him. ' sage i3 supposod to havo some with the arrival of a littlo girl baby at lieutenant's quartors that dav. Lieutenant C, P. Terret, Kighth infantry, has been transferred by War department ordors from Company K to Company IS, Elghtn infantey, changing with Licutenant G. W. Ruthers, Eight infantry, a: present on duty at the infantry and cavalry school, Fort Leavenworth, Kas, Lisutenant . B, Giatewood, Sixth cavairy, t week with twents four recruits for his regiment, He reports Powder river and Clear creek as almost im passable at preseat and that bis trip was any- thing but a pleasant ¢ Tho wi are enj more, ‘The parade ground is again_covered with snow and guard-mounts, parades and all that sort of thing that were beginuing to loom up, have taken a back seat, Paymaster William H. Comegys, with aa escori of Ninth cavalry men, from ort Rob- inson, arrived at the post Sunday ecvening, and the command is now being paid for tho muster ot February. ‘Tho men stationed at [ort Sheridan, T1li- nois, that are complaining of not receiving their pay on the 1st day of the month, ought to be stationed in this locality for astort time and they would then have somecthing roul to grumble about. Thoy are paid every month, while the troops here are paid every two months, and the paymaster never gets around to us sooner than the l4th and gen- erelly about the 20th of the month, and yet there is no grumbling up hero. ain they claim that the married men at Fort Sheridan ave a particularly hard time. Our married peoplo pay 45 to 50 cents a pound for butter the samo for og; }) to 80 cents a bushel for potatoes and everything else in proportion, and still they do not sit up nights waiting for the paymaster. We are all broken up, that is those of the Eighth infantry arve, over tho fine pros- pect we have of chunging stations sometime in May or Juna next. It seems pretiy cer- tain teat we will have a change, but it1s by no means certain where wo will go to. The sanguino chaps will not be satisfied with anything but Vanconver Barcacks, but there are others who look gloomy aud predict a worse station than our present one, although they confess it would be hard to find one. For the firsttime in almost two months wo had the band out for guard wounting on the parade ground., 'The snow hasalmost disappeared and tho grouna is fast becoming hard and dry. The companies are out dvill- ing under the new tactics ana the cavalry are having battalion dnll, Anitem in Tur Ber that arrived this morning stating that General Schofield is at work making out the list of changes of sta tions of regiments, has caused considerablo talk in tho post. The Eignth infantry is hoping that the lightning will strike it, and that1f it does get o transfer, the regiment wiil be all together at some large post. Ex- cepuing the six weeks they were at Camp Crook in the fall ol 1889, the Eighth has not been stationed at the same post since 1871, when they were at David’s Island, New York harbor. ‘The weather continues fine and it looks as though the gardeners would soon be at work ploughing and getting things ready for tnhe post garden, 1892. the o ather bas finally changed and wo ing regular winter blizzards once Fort Kile; With a cavalry and artillery school and rifle competition at this post it will be a lively place to live in next summor. The plowing at the post garden has been continued for a fow days in order that Uncle Jerry Rusk can work in a few more rain and snow storms. Major Smith, paymaster, was a visitor at the vost Weduesday. It very quiet payuny. Captain Jacobs’ horse sale last Monday was a decided success. The auimals—old, young and crippled —brought very fair prices. Kansas farmers would rather pay §0 for a bunged-up, plaved out cavalry horse than §75 for a 4-year-old horse which was raised welcome was @ io their own county, The Wiseners of Ogden, Kan., were tho lowest bidders to furnish the government with horaes for the cavalry service at Fort Riley. There is no doubt but what they will reccive the contract. A certain paper published in Missouri, near the mouth of the Kaw, says it is nonsenso to move the bodies of the Seventh cavalrymon from Pine Ridge to this post. Tue would-be great military authority says the nationai cemetery is the place for the final interment. Whether it 13 nonsense or not the removal will take place just thé same, and parties in Omaha will receive the contract. We have got a beautiful cemetery at this post, and as the Seventh cavalry is Zoing to remain here for soveral years yet there is nothiog non- sensical about this commendable action of tho War department. Muior Ilsley in a letter to a friend says: “I am more than pleased with Kort Robinson and the Ninth cavalry. I felta little home- sicic at first, but as that feeling has worn away 1 feel as though i have always lived here. Tho Nebraska air is invigorating and my usual daily walks over to and beyond tho old Red Cloud agency are a source of en- joymeut as well as physical exerciso.” Berzeant H. H. Smith, signal corps, Thursday for Vancouver barracks, ‘The officers and men of the Seventh cav- alry are raising a fund for the erection of a mobument, which will be placed over tho re- maios of the enlisted men whose bodies will be brougnt to this post from Pine Ridge for ermanont interment. Tho colisted men ave como to the front and center in gallant style and the fund has already reached into tho bundrods. It is thought the monument will bo composed entirely of granite. John_ Turney, late first serzeant troop C, Seventh cavalry, was discharged somo time ago intending to'stay out of the army. He changed his mind aud enlisted for the in- fantry under an assumod name. A fow wooks in the “‘dough boys” was enough for John. He was discharged by order of the War department and 18 now back in his old troop. Pursuant to nstructions from the depart- mont commander, Captain L. R. Hare, Seventh cuyalry, bas transfecred to Lieuten- ant J. . Bell, adjutant Seventh cavalry, from troop K, company fund, the snm of $121.00, as per settlement approved by tho major general commandiog the army, of the balance of an indovtedness duo from troop K, Seventh cavalry, to tte enlsted men formerly of troop L, Seventh cavalry, Private 18ee-O (Pleaty Fires) has been appointed @ sergeant in Lo troop, Seventh cavalry. Lance Corporal Hugh McCann, D troop, Seventh cavalry, bas been sappoiated @ corporal. Recruits are arriving nearly every day. They are assigned to B and C troops, Privates James A. Smith and Albert J. Lewis have transferred from troop E to troop I, Seventh cavalry, Lance Corporal Charles Hayden, C troop, Seventh cavalry, has been promoted corporal, vice Casuer discharged. Lance Corporal John Dolan, I troon, Seventh cavalry, has been promoted corporal to fill vacancy. Captain Garlington is ono of the few oficers remaining in the army who recognize true merit. One Minute, One minute time oftcn makes @ greit dif ference—a oue minute remady for bronchitis choking up of the throat,” lungs, ete., fo ourse is @ blessing. Cubed Cough Cura iy such a remedy, For sale by all druggists. Cubeb Cough Cure—Oneminute, left 1 enn A disease, treated as such and perma nently cured. No publicity. oinfirm ary. Home trestment. Harmless and effectual. Itefer by permission to Bur- lington Hawkeye. Send 2¢ stamp for pumphlet. Shokoquon Chemicul Co., Jurlington, li. - Omuha compressed yeast strictly pure. Gents' furntshing goods, clothing Glveus a trial. samples RECTOR & WILHELMY Cor. 10th and Jackson Sts. tnstantly stops thie most excruciating or any oxternal pain, o fow applications, rubbed on by hand, act like mazic, caus- ing the pain to instantly stop. l'or conis. stioni, Inflammations, rhaanatism, nea- ralgia, lumbago, scisica, pains in the small of the baek, more extendel and re peated appll SPASINS, TS and qule 50 cents u bottle cure or preventive of F O’MAI—IA’ . [annfacturees and dobbers’ Divecton AWNINGS AND TENTS, LUMBER OMANA TENT & AWN- | CHAS. R, LEE, JOHN A, WAKEFIELD, ING COMPANY, | Hardwood Tumbar, wood L L FIngs. htmooks, carpots und prda Tmporte s Amariean 1 Futbe foortn " eatalogue. 1113 | » i bl | Bth and Douzlas. Quiney whit e BAGS AND TWINES LIQUORS, BEMIS OMANA BAG 00 | lmporters and manfac. FRICK & HERBERT, BISHOP & 00, turers T s, cot Wholesale 11qaor deslers Flour Sacks, Harlaps and 4 | MannfsoturesKonnoly's Twine | 3 st india Blikors 1031 Farnam st. ——————— J——— BICYCLES. = MILLINERY |~ M.0.0AXON, ©. A STONEHILL, 1, OBERFELDER & €O, vayments | Miisety s ere Satione, diall 9N i Qrdors | prompt. 208-13,8 12) 8, 18th sty Omaha. | 1o e 6 tom ot Omane, | & 1R BOOTS AND SHOES, i MUSICAL, MORSE-NOE SHOE 0O, { 7 A nosPe, )n,, 110) Howard Stre Faotory corner Hth and Dougine stran ty We ar. king close prices to ox biyers, nylaro welilng n class of goody 1814 Douglay stease. | KIRKENDALL, JONES & | AMERICAN HAND SEW- | ~ ED SHOE CO. Boots, shoos, Fubbors and felt goods, OILS, CONSOLIDATED TANX | SNOW DROPOIL LINE G, Wholosale M Akents for i be o Co., 1102, and 1105 ITarndy sir | No bat odor, no smoky 8 Himnoss, fo charring Ml T LALL Roftnod ana tudrieating | of wicks, ARk your gro olls, nxlo kroass, oto. | eor for it e e e OYS] A.BOOTH PACKING €O, | ____ CONFECTIONERY. VOEGELE & DINNING | Sigee s Mfrg Comfectioners and Jovbors of foreign and | PLATT & €O, fruits, 1110 | \ | Oysters, Fish and Co E | biilin L | o0 South 10t St 8 Leavenworth st David Cole, Mana or ARRIA S, OMAHA CARRIAGE TOP | C. J. ANDERSON, OVERALLS, SHIRTS, BTG 2 AL i R G LA KING & SIMEAD, | ROBINSON SSTOKESCO ns, Backs, o e ¥ | ey " Dasties, ete. nd for Catalogue. Manufacturers of “K & [m'fg co ot Hu!'!‘! N. ot st < Omaha, Lot atrcot. | DR, ShEL & over ., ants, CLLY bl Mhirts, Coate. oto.” Hast allsetefla18 s, 1 th-st | Omih, —ee PRODUCE COMMISSION, BRANCH & €0, Produce, COAL, COKE, CORNICL. OMAHA COAL, COKE & | EABLECORVICE WORKS of Gal- " WHITNEY & O Butter, Eggs and LIME €0, | Manuacturors v T1ard and roft coal. 8. E. | Window corner 16th and Douglas | skyllhits, streots | Dodge fruity ot all Kinds, oysters, | try | 8. 13th st. - Oma | 13th and Harney Streots. KIRSCHBRAUN & EERHTNG [ JAS. A. CLARK & 00., et CotoNeiaten - SONS., | buttor, choase, ocaus, BLOTCHKY & COHEN, GILMORE & RUHL, [ Butter ezs and pouttey | poultry nnd game. 517 South 13th Stroot Hoow RIDDELL & CO., Manufacturers and Wholesale Clothiers, and - notlons’ | Wo sinl | oxprow Dbro- 1. 1113 Harney. | 0. PECAU, 110 Harney street. Butter. choese, egzy,vozr ctabloy, fruits, poultry and game, | DRY GOODS, sy . MULLIN & MG CLAIN M.E.SMITH& CO,, | KILPATRICK- KOSH Dry goods, notlons, fur- nishing gools Send us your ¥ ter, Poultry, 1idos, k 015 Loavanwarsh S5, SCHROEDER & 0g, | MOORE & FERGUSON. | Butter, 1 Corner 11th and Howard ELECTRICAT ra buttor and | Fruits, Poultrs SR PR ndies ail other | Agents for My WOLF ELECTRICAL CO., iith 8t 1orsgiand Gstil b st - J.B. HUSE & CO. OREELEY & 00, Butter, eggs. voultry 1007 Howard st. | 2 W.E RIDDELL BEEBERRUNYANIEURS| Ny ot anaaariat for. NITURE CO,, ¢ 38t | Graceand I3th st3,0maha — GROCERIES. | DRUGS, Ite. ustrated o free. taloguo 1614 Capitol Avenue. URN URE CARPENTER PAPER 00 | Carry & full stock of KING PAPER CO. Wrapping papor, nll kinds D. M. STEELE b printing, wrapping and | Of twines, et &0, | BLAKE, BRUCE &0, | printing, wrapping nn W 12011205 Jones street, | 10th and Harney, Omaha, | Yo7 % e Omaha, Neb. Neb. T STOVIE REPAIRS, OMAHA STOVE REPAIR Wi GRAT! S. A MC WHORTER, ¥ Stove repalrs and watoer chmont for any Kind Board_of Traly Of stove made. £ 0 gratn, provi- 1207 Douklas. Privato Chicago 0 M. A, DISBROW & €O, | Manufactu of sash. doors. blinds nnd | daings. Tiranoh of- | DIDIOK Ko ,12th and Lzard Sts, | FOBs carringos. " SOUTH OMAHA. T How " H. HARDY &CO. Toys, dolls, albumy, faney goods. housofur- 8004, 11 HATS, GATE CITY HAT CO Hats, caps, straw goods, Kloves, mittens.Owners brated Gate City 11th and Harney W. A. L GIBBON & DII—‘ ats, eaps, straw gooly, Elovos and mittens, hat. | 12(h and Narney. HARDWARIE. = | UNICN STOCKVVAR)’S Ld, B LIMITED T COMMISSION MERCHANTS. ALLEN ROOT & G0, | GASWANY & DUDLES, Room i Eachango Batld- Butiding Souty | | | LOBECK & LINN, lers' hardwaro and ies” ool & D mee 1404 Douglus Street. Rooms, 6) and 6l Ex- chanzy balldlag, South Omahs. Omaha. POROUS ALLCOCKS s The only safe way for purchasers is to insist on having the genuine article, and not allow themselves to be swindled by having plasters said to be “just as good,” or “containing superior ingredicents,” imposed upon them. These arc only tricks to sell inferior goods that no more comparc with ALLcocK's Porous PLASTERS than copper does with gold. One trial of Allcock’s Porous Plasters will convince the most skeptical of their merits. The eminent HENRY A. Morrt, Jr., Ph.D., F.CS,, late Government Chemist, certifie: “My investigation of Arrcock's Porous PLASTER shows it to contain valuable and essential ingredients not found in any other plaster, and I find it superior to and more ecfficient than any other plaster Beware of imitations, and do not be deceived by misrepre- sentation. Ask for ALLCOCK'S, and let no solicitation or expla- nation induce you to accept a substitute. ARV FOR PAIN ins; never falls Lo give 6832 L the sufferar, clie, paln in tha chast or sid:j, - aca, toothaching For sprains, braises, b Allintarnal paing, diarrhwy, dyseatary, colicy i3, sl eplossness, are rolioved instantly ardly 20 to6) drops in hall a tumbler of water. With RADWAY'S PILLS there is no better sations ave nec skl rand Ague. em—— "JOSEPH GILLOTT'S | vo weak Menzzz:: STEEL PENS. | [ & Wi send ' vatuablo tre GOLD MEDAL, PARIS EXPOSITION, 1889, THE MOST PERFECT OF PENS. | i fasheiar, for, Wamg it ¥ 1 s i nervous and debilitste FOWLER, Moodus, € man wha roL K. €