Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, March 21, 1892, Page 6

STAR OF EMPIRE @rowth of Population and Material Wealth Boyond the Mississippi. HISTORIC FACTS AND CONVINCING FIGURES Rallway and Postal Facilities, Colleges and Public Schools, Mineral Wealth, Pro- ducts of the ¥ and Orchard~ Live Stock and Manufactures, [Address before tho Young Men's Chris- tian association at Omaha by Edward Rose- water. | Just before sunrise on K'riday, the 3d of August, 142, Columbus set sail from Palos With thiee diminutive vessels, manned by 120 sailors and officors, on_the voyage of ex loration which resulted in the discovery of merica on F'riday, October 12, of the samo 0 oar. Tho chart of 1402 exhibits the coasts of Europo and Africa from the south of Ire- land to the end of Guinen, and_opposite to them on tho other sideof the Atlantic, the xtremes of Asia or, as it was then termed, ndia, but is now known ns the Wostern ‘hemisphere, After three centuries of colonization this larger half of the globe counted only from 10,000,000 to 12,000,000 of population, includ ibg the native races, Africans imported by slave traders, Kuropeans and the descend- ants of IKuropeans wuo had settlea on American soil since its discovery. 0 tho year 1800 tho United States of America " contained 5,308,483 inhabitan nearly one fifth of whom were negro sla Even after two centuries of struggie the land was stili untamed forests, except here and thero a strip of cultivated soil. The minerais lay undisturbed in their rocky beds, and more than two-thirds of the people clung to the seaboards within fifty miles of the tide water, where alono the wants of civillzed life could bo supplied. The center of population rested within eichteen miles ot Baltimore, north and east of Washington. The entire continent was not much easier to ponetrate than when La Salle and Hennepin found their way to the Mississippi more than 8 century bofore, Two wagon roads crossed tho Alleghany mountains in Pennsylvania, one leading from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, one from the Po- tomac to the Monongahela, while a third l.{.mu through Virginia southeastward to noxville, Tenn., with a branch through the Cumborland gap into Kentucky. Ry these roads and by trails less passable from North and South Carolina, or by waterways from tho lakes, between 400,000 and 500,000 por- sons had invaded the country beyond the Al- leghanies. Nowhore did eastern settlement touch the westorn, At least 100 miles of mountainous country held the two regions apart. The shore of Lake Erie, where alone contact scemed easy, was_still unsettled. The Indians had beon pushed back to tho Cuyahoga river aad a few cabins wore built on the site of Clevelanda. Kven western New York was still a wilderness. Buffalo was not laid out. Rochester did not exist. Utica ocontained fifty houses. Albany was & Dutch ity with some 5,000 inbabitants, The people of the old thirtoen states along the Atlantic seaboard thus sont westward a weage-shaped mass of nearly half a million rsons from the region penetrated by the ‘enneasec, Cumberland and Obio rivers to the western limit of the union. With the exception that balf a million of people had crossed tho Alleghanies and were struggling with difficulties that appeared almost insur- mountable America, 8o far as concernad phy- sical problems, haa' changed little in fifty years. The same bad roads and aifficult rivers connecting the same small towns stretched into the same forests in 1800 as ‘when the armies of Braddock pierced the wostern and northern Alleghanies, except that tliese roads extended a few miles far- ther from the seacoast. The 5,000,000 Amer- icans struggling with the untamed continent seemed hardly more competent to their task thao the beaver and buffalo, which had for countless generations made bridges and roads of their own, Even by water along the seanoard commu- nication was as slow and alniost as irregular as in colonial times. At the opening of the nineteenth century no regular packet plied batween New York and Albany. Passengers ‘waited tiilasloop was advertisod to sall, they provided their own bedding and sup- plies ana o week on the North riveror on the sound was an experienco not at all un- known to travelers. The settler who, after buying wagons and horses, hauled his family 82ross the mountains, might buy or build & flat bottomed ark to float with’ him his be- longings down the Ohio river in constani danger of being attacked or being sunk, If bo carried his tobacco and wheat down the Mississippl to the Spanish port of . New Or- leaus and soid it, he might return on horse- back through the Indian country from Natchez 1o Nashville, or he might take ship to Philadelphia, if & ship were about to sail, and again cross the Alleghanies. Nearly ali the rivers which penmetrated the interior ‘were liable to be made dangerous by fresh- ots, aud both dangerous and impassable by droughnt, yet such as they were these streams ‘made the main paths of traffic. In the year 1800 vne general mail route ex- tended from Portland, Me., to Lowsville, the time vequired for the Lrip being twenty days. From Pbiladelphia a branch line went to Lexington in sixteen days and into Nashville in twenty-two days. The gross receipts for postugo in the year ending October 1, 1801, wero only $320,000 for the whole United States. For the year 1801 the postoffice receipts of Omaha alone were $204,588.79, exclusive of money order transfers which sggregated $1,850, A In 1800 the census of the city of Boston showed 25,000 inuabitants, In appearance Boston resembled an English market town, ‘The sidewalks as well as the crooked and narrow streets were paved with round cobble stones and were divided from the carriago way only by posts and a gutter. The stroots 'were almost unlighted at night, the few oil iamps rendering the darkness more visiblo angd the rough pavements rougher. Such a thing as police bardly existed. Tho total bauk capital of Boston at the beginning of this century, including & branch bank of the -‘1 United States, was about §2,500,000, The state of New York bad a population of 573,000, and the valuation of ail the property of the Empire state was a fraction over $100,000,000, while that of Massachusetts was $84,000,000, or less than one-half of the a: sossed vuluation of Nebraska at this time. Now York city had & fraction over 60,000 population, The city resembled a foroign seaport, badly paved, undrained, and as foul as a town surrounded by the tides could be. No day police existed. The night police con- sisted’ of two captains, two deputies and seveniy-iwo men. Two bauks besides the pranch bank of the United States supplied tho financial wants of the Awmerican metrop- olis, During the first quarter of the present century the westward trond of civilization was very slow, Up to 1825 canals had not been thought of west of New York. The average time required to make a trip from Ciocinpati to New Orleuns und back was six months, The crart made use of were neces- sarily small, and tho cargoss proportionally light, aud when they arrived in New Orleans in flat poats, which ‘could not bo taken back, the boats were abandoned and the hands re- turned by land, Under such disadvantages - tho commerce of the country was nominal, The farmer had no motive to increase the r\n‘uu of s flelds beyond the wants of his wily and of newcomers who might settle in bis neighborhood. Corn and osts rarely commsnded more than 10 or 12 conts & bushel, and wheat from 350 to 40 cents. The average price of beef was $1.50 per 100, and pork from $1 to $2 per 100, according W, flubhiy. uring this period our national govern- ment entered upon & scheme of internal im- provements. ‘Lhe national road commencing at Cumberiand, Md., snd ruuning thence ‘westward to Ohio, through the state of Penn- sylvania, and theace through central Ohi 'Wwas constructed at ihe expense of the gen- oral government, and about 5,000,000 was expended on this hichway by 1835, It was the first t national movement in the di- rection of wternal improvements. The Era of Canals. During this period of depression, when the rroduce of the country would uot defray the expense of Lransportation 10 a distaut market, the Miami canal was projected. B&um ot passed by the legislature of Ohio 1n 1822 the governor was authorized o em- oy eugineers Lo make surveys of the coun- wmwm 'A.uho E‘rw u;ld the Obio river @ view of alscussiug the practicabiliy of uniting these waters by a navigavle mnlly Lo February, 1825, an sot was passad to pro 'vufla for the internal improvement of the stato of Ohio by navigable canais by an almost unanimous vote of the logisiature. Tho construction of canals was began in 1825 and by 1532, 400 miles of navigable oanals wore comploted. The opening of the first Ohio eanal was uccomplished July 4, 1827. On that day the first boat doscended from Akron to Cloveland. She was cheered on her passage by thousands of people who assem- blea from the adjacent country to witness the novel and interesting sight. According to Governor Trimblo “the de- soent of a boat of fifty tons burden from an eminence of 400 feet, constituting the union botween the waters of the north and south, awakened feolings of the most oxalted pa- triotism.” With the conuls extended from the lake to the Ohio river, north and south, and the national road east and west, Ohio ex- perienced rapid growth and the vaiuation of property in that state, which was §74,243,033 1030 to £08,581,011 by 1852, and the increase of population during that time was about 111 per cent. The Advent of Railroads. The advent of the railway revotutionized the entire system of travel, traffic and colon- ization. The magnificent resources of the great Missi=sippl basin has attracted the at- tention of business men in tho Atlantic states as promising an immense volume of trade between the two sections. The most exalted anticipations of the groat west then indulged were exceedingly feeble comnared with what bas since been realized. Thoy weresufticient, however, to excite a keen aud powerful com- petition between the cities of the seaboara for tne trade of tnat region. Boston, New York ana Philadelphia oxpected to pass the Alle- ghany mountains in their northern and loss lofty portions by means of canals and thus tap tho eastern water shed of the Mississippi basie. Baltimore, though nearer to the west than any of them, was compelled to resign this hope on tho report of the engineer, General Bornard, who roprosentod the natural and financial obstacles to canal construction across the mountains as practically in: mountable. Tho highly wrought expectations were followed by despondency. [fasuwhile the tdea of & railway was suggestea by parties who had observed the operation of the infany railroad system of Engiand. On the 4tb of July, 1825, ground was broken for the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, and tho first passonger railway in the United States was placed under con- struction. New York soon organized the New York Central and New York & [Erie railways to draw the western produce from the prolitic regions bordering on i Erio. ‘The construction of these railways, and the provious lines of canal across the Alleghanies, exorcised a powerful influence on the desti- nies of the nation. Without theintervention of these modern improvements, the east and the west would have grown up as comparatively independent communities. Tho first line of separation which threatened the unity of the republic was that of north and south, which divided the east and western section. The southern Atlantic states were not indifferent to this competition. The South Carolina railroad was commenced in 1830 and in 1833 completed to Hamburg, 136 miles. It was then the largest railroad in the world and was the first upon which lpfn.-arml an engine of American construction, It was also the first railroad upon which the transported, Virginia and North 0 constructed lines of railways connecting with the west aud southwest, and these two primary sections of our country, east and west, had established along their entire lines of demarcation commercial relations and common interests of incalculatle value, set- tling permanently tho question of their polit- ical union. Rallroad History. In 1825, the very year that the Erio canal went into operation, an event hardly vo be matched for its importanco occurred—the successful applicatioa on the Darlington & Stockton railway of steam to purposes of locomotion. The railway first undertaken in the United States was a short line of about three miles for the transportation of granite to the Nepouset river near Boston, The first locomot1ive ever used in the United States was one imported from Eugland in 1820. The first experimental trip wus made in August, 1829, but the use of this locomotive hud to be bandoned pecauso it was found too heavy. T'he first locomotive built in this country was placed on the South Carolina railroad in 1830. The use of locomotives, however, firmly established until sixty _ years ago. In 1 were twenty-three miles of railway in operation in the United States. By 1832 the mileago had increased to 220 miles, und in 1835 the country had 1,098 miles of railroad. The first through railroad from the east westward was comploted in 1542 between Boston and Albary, connecting at tho latter place with the Erie canal. In the same year the last link of the line from Albany to Buffalo was opened. At the end of 1548 the total mileage of all the railroads in tho country was 5,496 miles, or about 500 miles more than there are now in the state of Nebraska. Forty years ago, in 1852, the rail- way milenge of the United States was 12,- 908, Kansas and Nebraska alone have 14,182 miles of railroad at this time. In the spring of '51 the Krie raliroad was comploted from New York to Lake Erie and in 1852 the Michigan Central was com- pleted from Lake Erie to Chicago. In 1853 the first continuous line of 1,000 miles of raillway was formed between Boston and Chicago. In 1858 the Pittsourg & Fort Wayne railroad opened its importaut line from Pittsburg to Chicago, completing the second great trunk line from New York to Chicago. In the states west of Ohio no railroad of importance was constructed previous to 1819, The first line running east and west through Indiana was opened in 1853; the next line, the hio & - Missis sippi] in 1857 The first railroad in Iliinois was undertaken in 1839, but it was abandoned after a few miles had been con- structed and muls power supplanted the loco- motive as a measure of economy. The first railroad to connect Lake Michizan with tho Ml-lhflpg‘\ river was the Chicazo & Roock Isiand in February, 1854. The Burlington & Quincy railroad reached the Mississippi river in 1856 aud the Milwaukee & St. Paul in 1858, 1t was not until 1850 that the Haunibal & St. Joseph, the pionoer railroad of the greater wast, was completed to the Missouri river at St. Joseph. Six years later, in 1865, the Chi- cago & Northwestern railroad, which nad distanced all competitors v the race toward Omaha, was completed to Council Bluffs. When I came to Nebraska in the fall of 1803 I had to travel by rail from St. Louis to St. Joseph, thence up the Missourl river by stoamboat, which after soven duys' journey landed mo sixteon miles bolow Nebraskn City on a sandbank. |Laughter.] Then I had to wake a stage coach to Omaha, which made the trip from St. Louis to Omaba last nine duys. In November, 1864, I wanted to R0 east from Owmaha br way of Chicago and bad to travel 170 miles by stage to reach Boone station, on the Northwestern road. Nearly all the ploneers who caught the California or Pike's Peak fever came west by railroad as far as the Missouri river and then from Leavenwortn, Atchison and Omaha thoy crossed the plains by stage coach or by teams over plains and moun- tains through Utab, Nevada and on to the Pacifio slope. 1t s to thecredit of the Mormons that they opened the path of civilization aoross the continent. It is cbieflv through the Mor- wons that the rowds were maae more safe than they otherwise would have been by rea- son of the large number of Indians, many of whom were very savage and entirely un- friendly to whites, that roamed from one art of the conunent to the uther. 'hese Mormons had veen driven out from Nauvoo @and Arkansas and Missouri, They ftirst made & settlement on the east bank of the Missouri river at what is now known as Courcil Bluffs, but was thep named Kanesville. They crossed the Missouri river and established the town at Florence and in the early spring of 1548 mx started out across the covtinent on foot, with wheelbarrows or whatever convevance they had at baud. Men ana women walked all the way from the Missouri river more than 1,000 miles through a wilderness where not a biade of grass bad boen grown by the haad of man. The Mormons were y instrumeatal in the construction of the Pacific telegraph and Brigham Young constructed a great mlon of this pioneer line between Salt @ and Julesburg. where the connection was wmade on July 4, 1862, which placed the Atlantic and Pacific states in telegraphio communication. ‘That the Mormons have done a great deal that will always be a blot upon their name is \lhdoubudl‘“l historical fact, but that Lhey have coutributed largely to the eivilization of the western country eannot be gainsaid. Catiforuia's Ploneers, The discovery of gold ia Oalifornia in 1843 gave rise 1o an extemsive emigration from ev tate in in the union and from Kurope. The erroneous im sious regarding the agricuitural nhlnamt that region l{ first THE OMAHA RAve to this emigration the charecter of mere aaventure. Men proposed for a short time to exile themseives from civilization and un- dergo spocial hardships in the hops of rap- 1dly amassing wealth, with which they could return home and then assume higher positions in soclety. This fact in connection with the wonderful geniality of climate and beauty of scenery soon began to attract per- manent settlement. A vigorous organization of American society was speédily effected and three Pacific states were added to the union with a civilization of an advanced order, embracing a population hardy, energetic and enterprising. These communities were isolated by thousands of miles of wilderness. Early geographers had located in tho beart of our continent a broad strip which they designated as the great American desort, in- tersected by formidable mountain chain: across which a few daring explorers, follow- ing the migrations of the deer and the buf- fulo, had traced toilsome and perilous routes. Lhe alternativo of this route was another partly by sea and partly by land over foreign territory and a still longer sea route around tho continent of South America. T'he in- creaso of the agricultural and mineral products ot the Pacific slops soeking eastern markets domanded speedior and cheapor transportauion. The swolling tide of omigration called for greater fa cilities of travel. The heart ana braiu of the American people had boon perplexed with these problems from the com mencement of our Pacific_settismonts. As early as 1349 a committee of tho house of rep- resentatives reported on a project for the construction of a railroad from Lake Michi- gan to the Pacific ocean. Tho early projects resulting from very fmperfect information were uccessarily crudo ana unsatisfactory. The pressure of public interest involved howevor, was Loo powerful to be pustboned, and the general government was constrained to take initial action by the modest. provision in_the act of March 3, 1853, making appro- briations for the support of the army for the employme: f tho topographical en- gineer eorps In making explorations for & rallway from tho Missisaippi river to the DPacific ocean. Tnis was the initial step toward tho construction of the Pacific railroad, which finally culmin- ated 1n the act of 1852, providing for the con struction of a main line of ralway and telo- graph from Omahba to San Fraucisco, with a branch diverging southward at the 100th meridian and torminating at the mouth of tne Kansas river. The Central Pacific Ruil- road company, a corporation undor the laws of Calitornia, was authorized to construct the western portion of this line. Tho magu1- tude of the task of constructing the initi lino of the transcontinentai railway w largely overrated and immense profits con- sequently accruea to tne capitalists who had faith in the enterprise. Oan the 10th of May, 1869, the golden spike was driven at Pr montory Point, near the nead of Salt Lake, and tho junction of the Central and Uuion Pacific railroads completed the vands of iron that unite forever tho people of the Atlantic states with those at tho Golden Gate. Since that memorable event the groater west has undergone & most mar vellous development, the like of which we have no record ofin ancient or modera histoy. San Francisco in '48, In 1848, just before gold had been discov- erod 1n Culifornia, the city of San Fravcisco had a population of 850 all told ang consisted of about 200 wooden buildings. In tne spring of 1848 there began to be rumors of gold discoveries in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, and presently actual miners ap- pearcd in town showing small parcels of gold aust. Then came an era of wi.d speculation auvd extravagaat prices. Common laborers were getting $10 a day and ordinary mo- chanics $20; mon who had lived on £ a month now spent hundreds; men who had been idlers formerly were now among the most industrious and men who had beforo never wasted a day became loungors and gamblers, The mud scramble for wealth manifested itself on all sides. . ln the first six months of 1849 15,000 souls were added to the population of San Frauncisco and by the end of the year the Pacific coast metronolis had over 25,000, And how did they all livel In frame houses of one story, more commonly in board shanties and canvas tents, pitched in the midst of sand or mud and various rubbish and strange filth and fleas; and they slept on rude cots, or on.‘'soft planks’ under horse plankets, on tables, counters, floors, on trucks in the open air, in ' bunks braced against tho weather boarding, forty of them in oue loft; and s0 they tossed and scratched, and swore and laughed, and sang and skylarked—those who were not tired or drunk enough tosleep. ‘'hey labored and they lugeed, they worked on ligbters, drove trucks, packed mules,rang bells, carried messages, ‘‘waited”’ in restau- rants, “marked” for billiard tubles, served drinks in bar-rooms, ‘‘faked” on the plaza, “'eried’’ at auctions, toted lumber for houses. ran & game of faro or roulette in the El Dorado or tho Bella Union, or manipulated three-card monte on the head of & barrel in front of the Parker house; they speculated in beach and water lots, in lumber, pork, flour, potstoes: in picks, shov- els, pans, long boots, slouch hats, knives, blankets and Mexican saddles. There were dootors, lawyers, politicians, preachers, eveu gentiemen and scholars - among them: but they all speculated, and as a rule they gam: bled. Clorks in stores and offices had munifi- cent salaries; & & day was the smallost stipend even in the custom house, and one Baptist preacher was paid $10,000 a year. Laborers recoived $1 an hour, a plok or & shovel was worth §10, a tin pan or wooden ‘bow! $5. and & butchers’ knife $30. At one time the carpenters, who were getting $12 a day, struck for $l16. Lumber rose to #500 per 1,000 feet, and every brick in a house costa dollar. Wheat flour and salt pork sold at $40 a barrel, asmall loaf or bread was 50 cents and a hard boiled egg 81, You paid $3 to get into the circus, and $55 for a private box. Men talked dollars. and a copper coin was an object of antiquarian interest. Forty dollars was the price for ordinary coarse boots, and a pair that would carry you gallantly through the quagmires brought o round $100. When a shirt became very dirty the wearer throw it away and bought a new one. Washing cost $15 a dozen in 1849. Reats were simply monstrous— $3,000 & month in advance for a store hur- riedly built of rough boards. Wright & Co. paid $75,000 for the wretched little place on the corner of the Plaza that they called tke Miners' bank, and $36,000 was asked for the use of the Old Adobe as a custom- house. The Parker house id $120,000 a year ia rents, nearly one-half of that amount being collected from the gamblers who rented the second floor; and the canvas tent next door used as a ghmbling saloon, and called the El Dorado, was good for 840,000 a year. From 10 to 15 per.cent in advance was paid for the use of money borrowed on substantial security. Toe prices of real estate went up among the stars: $8,000 for a fifty-vavra lot that had been bought in 1845 for $20. Yet, for all that, everybody made money, although a8 man might stare aghast at the squalor of his lodging, and wish that he might part with his appetite at aoy price to some othor iwan. It was some such man as this who preserved the bill of fare of the Ward house for dinner there on tho 27th of October, 1849, which ran as follows: Oxtailsoup, 81 ; baked trout with an- chovy sauce, $1.50; roast beef, 81; roast lamb, stuffed, $1; roast mutton, stuffed, §1: roast pork with apple sauce, #1.25; baked mutton, caper suuce, rl..a: cornod beef and cabbage, #1.25; ham, 81; currind sausages, §1; lanb and green pe: stewed kidney, champagne sauce, $1. eggs, $1; sweot potatoes, potatoes, 50 cents; cabbage, 50 cents ; tquash, 50 cents; bread pudding, 75 conts: mince ple, cents; brandy peaches, $2; rum omelette, #2: Jelly omeleite, $2; cheese, 50 cents; and prunes, 7 cents. At the El Dorado hotel at Haogtown (a mining camp) the aainty menu offered *beef with one potato, fair size,”” $1.25; “beef up along,"” § aked beans, greased,” §1; potatoes, peeled,” 75 cents; “hash. grade,” 75 ceuts; ‘“hash, 15 karats,” $1; ‘'roast grizzly,” $1; “‘jackass rabbit, whole," $1,50; *'rice, with brandy rmm 182, snd “asquare meal” for §3. “All payable in ad- vauce, Gold scales on the end of " But the small, cheap gola scales cost $30 and the M?M kuives and forks not less than $25 the air. ’ Popular and Pollvical Growth, h:nb‘i&l;‘l’l:lhl‘ ;l"l"i‘. lnsdmrriwflu west of u ppi river had an Bggregate popu- lation of 1,7:0,344, and the country west of the Missouri, .ldud(n:u;l‘ull. Louisiana, Arkansas and Missouri had a population of ovly 132,507; in other words the population of the vast region west of the Missouri in 1850 was not as large as the population of Omaba is today. 1o 1860 the population west of the Mis- slssippi numbered 4,359,615 and that of tne states aud territories west of the Missour: 755,023 or about 300,000 less than the popula- tion of Nebraska is today. 1n 1500 the vopulation of Nebraska was 25841 and that of the two Dakotas 2,500. In 1590 the population of Nebraska was 1,056,703 and of the two Dakotas 511,627, In 1570 the af DAILY BEE:~MONDAY, population west of tho, Mississippi was 6, 485,167, and the population of the states and territories west of the Mi¥souri had reached 1,402, In 150) the grewtor west contained @ popuiation 15,170,315, witile the states and territories west of the Missouri aggregated 5,017,213 in population. Mark the conteast. From 755,000 population in 1860 the states and territories west of th8 Missouri had in- creased their population o fully 6,000,000 by 1802, In 1560 the popuiation of the United States was 41,433,000 and in 1590 it had roached u fraction ovor 43,000,000, In other words, while the population of the United States doubled 1 thirty years, the population wost of the Missouri Fiver has multiplied nino fold during tho samo period. The ninetoenth century, and more espo. clally the last half of it, has witnessed not merely the marvelous' dovelopmont of the material resources and collossal incroase of waealth in the greater wost, bug also a great political revolution. One hundred years ago tho olectoral votes cast for president ware dividod as follows: Now Eagland 3% Now York, Peunsylvania and Now 4 votes and tho southern states Ohio, Indiana and Illinols did not appear ectoral colloge until after the year 1300 bo observed that the New England states, New York, Ponnsylvania and New Jersey had a majority of & tho oloctoral college. 'The contral states and tho greater west —that is, the country west of the Miss- 1ssippi—was ontirely unrepresented.: The first political recognition of the region yond tho Mississippi did not take place until 1812, when Louisiana cast three votes in the electoral college out of a total of 218 votes. In 182) the greater west was ceprosented by Loulsiana and Missourl with six votes out of a total of 235 Tho great west, as it _was then understood, was ropresented by Kentucky 12 votes, Ohio S. Indiana 3 and lllivois #, makiog in all 32 votes west_of tho Alleghanic New York alone had 20 electoral votes at that time. Tn 1810 the total popular vote of the United States for president was 2,410,778, and the number of electoral votes Onio, Michigan, Itlinois, Ind Louisiana, A sas and Missours, representing west of the Alleghanies, had 05 votes. Only 12 of theso votes repressnted tho entire coun- try west of tho Mississippi, while New York and Pennsylvania haa 72 votos, or 6 more votes than all the states west of tho Alleghanies. The state of New Jersey cast as many votes in 1340 as did the wholo coun- try wost of the Mississippi. Tn 18 just forty years ago, the popular voto for president was 8,144,001, represented votes in the electoral = college. Of Arkansas had 4 California 11, Indiana Michigan 6, Texas 4, 3 Louisiaua 6, Ohio 23, :otal, 9 votes ivest of the Alleghanies, Whilo New York had 33 votes the country westof the Mississippi haa only 51 votes in this election. Twenty the popular vote was tho country westof tho Mississippi cast 131,078, tho electoral college numbering Arkansas _ had 0, Califoraia 6, Iilinois 21, Indiana Towa 11, Kentucky 12, Loulsiana 8, Kansas 5, Michi- gan 13, Minnesota 5, Missouri 15, Nebiaska 3, Nevada 3, Oregon 3, Toxas 8, total west of tho Alleghanios, 134 votes, west of the Mississippi 68, 1o popular vote uf 188 for president was ; that of the country west of the ippi 2, 3,176 less than o cast 10 tho whole union in 1840, In the electoral college jv 1802 wo sball have 444 votes. Of theso the greater west Louisiana 8, Arkansas 5, Califor- do 4, 1dahd 8, lowa 13, Kansas ), Missouri 17, Montana 3, Nebraska 8, Ne- North Dakota 3, Oregon 4, South Dakota 4. Toxas 15, Washington 4, Wyoming 3, total 119, and 53' of these will be west of the Missouri, oxcluding Texas, Louisiana and Arkansas. All of the states west of the Al- legbanies did not have one-fourth of the elec- toral vote in 1840, 1t is safe to say that in 1502 the states west of the Missourt “alone wijl cast one-fourth of the popular vote in the United States. - The Greator West. Do you ‘realize the magnitude of ‘‘the greater west!” Have you any conception of thoe vast resources of the empire that lies be- yond the Missouri{ The area of the whole United States 1s 3,527,000 square miles, The areaof ‘'the greater west? is 2,120,155, and the states ana territories wesp of the Mis- souri alon's cover an area'df 1,571,194 square miles. ‘*“I'he greater west,” then, covers an area one-third Jarger than the states east of the Mississippl, and tho states and territories west of the Missouri, including Texas, cover a larger aroa than the entire country cast of the Missouri River. 1n 1860 there were only 2,100 miles of rail- way 1n the country west of the Mississippi. Today the railroad mileage west of the Mississippi 18 62,612 miles. In 1560 there were only 2614 miles of railroad west of the Missouri. Of these, California boasted 23 miles and Oregon 8'4 miles. Today we have 35,450 miles of railroad in the states and ter- ritories west of tho Missouri, or 4,815 miles. more than the entire railroad mileage of the United States in 1860, ‘The number of postoffices in the United States thirty years ago was a traction over 30,000. Now there are 18,799 posoftices in the states and territories west of the Mississippi, and of that number 9,206 are west of the Mi: souri. Nebrasks, thirty years ago, had 46 postoffices, whilo today she has 1,127. The total revenue of the postoffices west of the Mississippi for the past year was §11,780,103, of which $7,268,068 represents the postal receipts of the region west of the Missouri. In 1860 the total postoffice receipts for t United States were only a fraction over $l1, “The groater west” is more than keeping fnmo with the country at largo in educational nstitutions, We have in the states beyond the Mississippi 121 universities and colleges of which number fifty-three are in the states and territories beyond the Missouri. The aggregatoe number of pupils enrolled in the public schools of the greater west is 8,212,- 843 of which number 1,320,881 are n the country west of the Missouri. Our own state has a quarter of a million children enrolled in her pubiic schools. The number of school houses in the greater west is 61,818, of which number 20,423 are in the states and territories west of the Missouri. The number of newspapers published in the whole United States thirty years ago was less than 5000, Now the number of newspapers published in the region west of the Mississippi aggregates 5,509, of which number 8,122 are published west of the Mis- souri river, The assessed valuation of property, real and personal, in the states and territories west of the Mississiopl aggregates £3,543 814,000, of which #1,209,314,000 represents the assessed valuation of property west of the Missouri river. The assessed value is less than oae-third of the real value and it is safe to say that the aggregate vaiue of pro of the country bevond the Mississippi less than $15,000,000,000. Live Stock, Graln and Minerals, Perhaps the most striking proof of the wealth and resources of the country west of the Mississippi is afforded by the reports of the Department of Agdeuituro for 1891, At the close of last year thie number of horses and mules in the states @nd torritories west of the Mississippl was computed 10 be 8,458, - 809, and their value is estimated at $i02,630,- 621, The numbver of eatle is computed at 80,970,616, and their value is estimated to be $401,003,206. Tho numbar of sheep and bogs is computed at 50,811,600, and their value $108,158,075. Io other words, tho aggregate wvaluo of tho live stock and horses west of the ms,mulpmmrnuuu numbers is $1,091,590,- 2. vol West of Missouri, andexclusive of Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas aad, Missouri, the num- ber of cattle 1s 16,248,60%, and their valuo 1s estimated at 2 #d; the number or borses and mules O30, value $244,775,- 053; number of sheep gad Dogs 28,383,783, value 834,594,080 makipgthe aggregste value of horses and live stock$543,357,602. The total product of horses gud mules of all the other statos is 9,354,030, and their value 1s es- timated at §710,830,085. The total oumber of cattle in the states cast of the Mississippi 1s 23,006,074, and the valueis estimated at $401,034,021, so that the value of the cattle west of the Mississippi is a fragiiou groater thay that of all tho states eart of the Mismssippi, and the value of the cattle west of the Missouri is nearly one-half of tho total value of all the cattle east of the Missouri, and the same ratio prevails as re- gards sheep and Logs. ‘The amount of wheat raised west of the Mssissippi river is 265,179,000 bushels, which at 90 cents per bushel would yiela §238,661 - 100. ‘l'be corn crop west of the Mississippt is 800,335,000 bushels, which at 25 cents per bushel would amount to ,US8, 750, Tne wheatcrop west of the Missourl is computed at 205,321,000 bushels, which at %0 cents would be worth $184,735,%00. The corn crop west of the Missour: is 334,425,000 busbels, which at 25 cents per bushel would amount to $33,583,750. The grain crop of the states west of the Mississippi, including oats, bariey, rys, e'c i oL the lowest estimate will reach 1,000,000, MARCH 21. 1892. wEeTg | avd the erain and hay orops of the country west of the Missouri for 1391 wiil exceed in value £350,000,000. Mineral Production. The vroduction of lead west souri for 1801 is computed at $12,385,7%0; cop- ver, $13,261,608; silver, $60,614,004; gola, §31,- 085,118 add to ‘this conl, & . and you bave a grand total of $130, in tho pro- ducts of the mines. This computation, mado by Wolls, Fargo & Co., will fall short by many millions of tho astual valuo of the pro ducts by reason of the omission of various minor metals. The coaq proauct west of the Mississippl in 1800 was 24,418,269, of which tho Rocky Mountain region produced $7.456,000, and the amount of wages paid in'the transmississippi valley for coal mining was 817,156,305, of which £5,538,244 was vaid out 1n the Rocky mountain region. The number of persons employed was 86,165, Of these wore employed in the Rocky mountain region, You will ovserve that stock raising aud farming has produced vastly more wealth within the past fow years in tho region west of the Missourt than has boen realized from the mining of precious metals, T will cite only the stata of California as an allustration. Cali fornia’s wheat crop, 3,000,000 bushels, valua 000,000; barloy ¥00,000 bushels, valuo 000,000, California has 20,000,000 froit e Tuo annual orop of ' semi-tropical fruit is valued at £12,000,000. The exp: r lemons alone is 50,000 boxes searly fornia's wool shipments for 1801 were 000 pounas, The capital iuvested in Cali fornia's vinoyards is £7,000000, Two hun ared thousand acres planted in young vines aro producing 300,000 to grapos and 17 000,000 gallons of wine veariy. Six milli of sheop aro erazing in California. Two 2cored and fifty thousand horsos, 800,000 head of cattle are herded on Califorma’s ranches and farms. *“The Greater West' is rapidly gaining on the east in the number and oxtent of manu- facturing ostablishments. According to tho most conservative estimates the number of operatives now emploved in factories and mills wost of tho Mississippi is 1 ing in wages & 78 o vear; 74,1 theso factory and mill bands are in the west of tho Missouri and their earnings aggrozate £32,773,414. The value of the product of the factories and mills wost of the Mississippi during the year 1801 is computed at §123,008,695, and the_product of the statss wost of the Missouri alone is com- puted at §103,722,653, and yot manufacturing in tho west is only in its infaney in tho trans- mississippi valley. Tho speaker then closed with a tribute to the stato of Nebraska and the bright and promising future of the galaxy of states that are comprised in *The Groater West.” petiinint” oAty Mrs, Winslow's Soothing Syrup is the best of all remedies for children teething. 25 cents a bottle, Dr. Birnoy cures ¢ BeE bldg REASON AND RELIGION. What Rov. W. R. M version and Conviction, Tho pulpit of All Saints church was oceu- pied last night by Rev. W. R. Mackay, rector of St. Peter's church at Pittsburg, Pa. The reverend gentleman is a brother of Rov. T. J. Mackay, rector of All Saints =hurch, and last night was his initial discourse of a series of special sermons to the men which will be delivered during the week. “The Cry of Man for the Living God." was the subject of Rev. Mr. Mackay's sermon. He is an interosting, earnest speaker aud makcs a strong argument. In his 1ntroductory re- marks ho said it was his idea to givo the peo- ple that heard him strong, positive truths in his series of sermons. All could not be said about the reality of religion in one single night. “'Henry Ward Beecher,” said he, ‘“once remarkea that he always felt like taking off his bat to every locomotive he saw. I feel the same way regarding the west, and God speod tho west.” ‘The rector then began his discourse. e said that God and Christ were the same: wore of thesame hue of heart, anda pooplo had buman hearts. They did not belong to the beast creation to perish. People had lives and brain that wero benumbed by mysteries and wonders. Humanity was found in Psalms. Men could * eriti- cise and blaspheme that book, but it was sumply shining with divine thoughts ana coctrines, No man ever turned his bacw on it without finding bimself at last in hell. The book was the cry of the real man, and he (the man) wanted the living God, and that was what the earnest man aiways wanted. Sometimes vou beara irreligious cople say that religion was declining. 'his was a lie. Men could not away from God and religion. They talkea it every- where, They wauted earnestness and Lonesty of it. That was why they talked it. Men would say more elaborate rituals were wanted and needed, but the real need was men who loved men. Not men of theories, not for more elaborate ritual, but for the great reality down below the soul. He spoke of the positive truth of creeds ns convictions—convictions and veason to the conscience of men that would bend a man a certain way. Religion was nothing if it ‘were not founded on reason. Man could be taken by emotion or fear at the time of dan- ger, but after it was passed he was where he was before the danger. Take him by reason and conviction and you had him like a grip of steel. Strike a man’s brain and you have struck his heart. You should begin religion with yourself, and then you would have a revelation by God’s mind being in coutact with the mind of man. Beacham's Pills will save doctor’s bills, ——— HALF FARE EXCURS10N To the Mot Springs of Arkansas Via the Wabash Railrond. On April 7 and 8 the Wabash will sell round trip ticketsat above rate, good returning until May 10. April 12 the government will commence sale at auc- tion of town lots from the reservation. Only 87 hours from Omalka to tho springs via the Wabash. For t.ckets, sleeping car accommodations and a map showing location of the property to be sold, with description of the springs, call at Wa- bash office, 1502 Farnam street, or write G. N, Ciayton, N. W, P, Agt., Omaha, Neb. e You are Invited. Visitthe knsor Institute,South Omaha, and investigate the ocuro for liguor, opium and tobacco. ———— C. ). Woodworth & Co., successors to Wolty & Guy, 1816 Farnam stvoot, man- ufacturers and dealers in harness, sad- dles, ete. - Enquire for Them. No housewife who has used any of Dr. Price’s Delicious Flavoring Extracts but will recommend them as the best articles of their kind in do- mestic use. They are the leading flavors in America and should be on the shelf of every well-regulated gro- cery. Enquire for them and do not take substitutes which if not poisonous will destroy the nicest delicacies. Dr. Price's Vanilla, Lemon, Or- ange, etc, are just as repre- sented. Piso's Remedy for Cawrrn is the Best, Kasiost 10 Use, a0d Cheapest. Bald by 4 lsts OF 1t b) 1, we W HERARS Waired! A -= DT AMOOKD ICO e/ It‘s.rust as T o LRI s EEP DrDOWNS 1818 Douglas Street, Omaha, Neb. The eminent specialiat in nervous, chronic, private. blood, akin and unnary diseases. A rogulnr and regiatered graduate in medcine, as dipiomns and certificates show. 18 at rrhoen, ost manhood, seminal Weaknes: No mercury used. Ne tod at home by correspondence. ackod, no macks Lo indicate contents oF sender. roe. " Correspondence str: 0 13 m. S visit me may bo s S 00d the Grocer s < IPr\:)l vltring ""0;""" b""""g ?’cSeArNT:]gl'.AUS SOAP s What we want, have youany now on b, I Well certainly take unol;‘rrr‘ ¢ pom Wwe use none but the best, Andall shrewd ind the re dealers keep it, are you behind the rest 7" .'!llnu(nlv Nes Movine Tennis Shoes*“7#* NO goods sold at retail. Ask shoedealers for the New Jersev brand. They are at the top. 1am western agent for the American Rubber Clothing and Macintosh Co. {111 Harney Street, Omaha, Neh Big Stock. Eastern prices. Z. T. LINDSRKY. enting with Liie greatest siiccess rots tro Modiciag ns 0n0 persounl interview preferred. —Consultation privato. Book (Mysteries of Life) sent fres. Ofico hourada.im. o p. ta LeDuc’s Periodical Pills. The French remedy.acts direotly upon the neretive organs and oures supprossion of the 820r throe for 85, and oan be wmailed. Bhould not be used duringpreznanoy. Jobbers, its and the publlc supplied by Goodman Drug Co., Omaha To Soiten the Hands, and spread mutton tallow Wear the gloves all nfght, an {he hands with olive oil and white castile soay . getiier with 1001 other things equally {f not more important to know, 18 found in, the handsomely fllustratod new ook just ihe next mornin; The above, to Betts & Betts America's most gifted, popular and successtul SPECIALISTS. This book they send to an, J,address on recelpt of 4 cents to pay postage But DRS. BETTS & BETTS do more than write valuable books which they ¥ive to those who need them. re Piles, Stricture, Varicocele, Gleet, Spermatorrhoea, Syphilis, Gonorrhoea, Lost Manhood, Blood and Hydrocele, Female Weakness, Effects of Early Vice, aud every form of Nervous, Chronic and Private “ongultation free. (‘:lll upon or address witl stamp, DRS, BETTS & BRITS, 119 South 14th St., N. and Douglas Sts, Omaha, Neb. The use of stimulanis in moderation is recommended by the wisest physicians, especially for the weak, aged and those suf- fering from pulmonary or heart troubles. lfi PURE RYE. is a carefully selected whiskey distilled from the most nutritious grain, viz. Rye; ike inferior whiskies, including Bour- it will not rasp or scald the throat or 1t is strictly pure and is known by its delicious bottle in which it isserved. Cal Pure Rye and take no other, Forsaleatall first-class drinking places and drug stores DALLEMAND & €O SANDALWOOD CAPSULES are the est and only capsules prescribod rogular physicluus for the cure o e8 (row the urlnary orgaus ek h0D hLAL AL CILaRML. Gonorrh and discha PATENTS For Inventions PROCURED BY THE Bee Bureau of Claims OMAHA, NEB, Fqual with tho luterest of thow havinz olal n agninst thogoyernument 1s that of INVENTORS, why often 1080 the benetit of valuable Inventians besn i of tho Incompetency or inattontion of the attornays employed to_obtain thelr patents. 100 much 0ira cannot bo oxerclsed In employlnz compatent nad rellablo xollc Lors L procure patonts, for thy valuy of n patent dapands groatly, I notentiraly, upon ta> care and skill of the attorney. Wit w of prot Inyentors fron worth loss or careloss attornoys, and of seslng tuat iaven. tions are woll protocted by valld patents. THE 3.04 BUREAU has retained counsol oxpert 1a patoad wractlce; and is thorefore propared 1o Gbtain patents, Conduct Interferences, Make special examinationy, Proseoute rejected cascs, Register trade marks and copyrights Render opinions as toscope and valid. ity of patents. Prosecute and defend infring eme s snits, ete., ete, 1fyou have an Invention on hand send TIHE RE@ BUREAU a skotoh or photograph thorof, togotoe with a briof description of the lmportant'fosturas, and you will bo onco advised a3 o th bo st CoNirae L3 pursuo. Models aro not nocessary uniess tho 10ven- tion Is of u_complicated It othars aro la- fringing on your rights, or It you ar3 cuargod with infringement by otners, submit the mattor Lo Til4 BURKAU for a reliable OPINION before acting oa the matter. THE BEE BUREAU OF CLAIMS 220 Beo Bulldinz, Omaha, Neb, $®~This Burean Is guarintesd by the Omuha I he Ploneer Press and the San Frunel: Xaminer Cuy this out and send it with your ia quiry. THE SHORTEST LINE TO CHICAGD is via the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R'y, as represented on this map. Electric Lighted, Steam Heat- ed Vestibuled trains leave Omabha daily at 6:20 p. m., ar- riving at Chicago at 9:30 a. m, City Ticket Office: 1501 Far- nam St., Omaha, A. Nasu, Gen'l Agent. C. C, LincoLn, Pass. Agent 'DRUNKENNESS - Babit Pouiti 7 by Mnalu’lllcrl;[ o ke’ Tt oan be given 10 6 oup of :nnuunfinuwh 4 of armloss, and will Gffsct a s cilre, whother the patient 1o a 1 Grinker or :lll:.faohn.l:az‘r:ck.- 15 ae been given in thousands oo 8 Derl . fowed I VUL "Fhio sy atorh ouoe i prewtiai il he Bpsalnc. s beso: i poselbility . Kuhn & Co., 15th wnd Dougins Sts. wnd | Cuming 8is. Wholesulu, Bluke. Bricoe & Co, und Kichuroson Drug Co., Omaha, Neb NOTICE TO SELECT MATERIAL FOR PAVING. To theowners of lots wnd lands fronting upon stroet improvement olsirict No. i, comris- 1ug Park or2iih avenue, frou Liavenworih 10 Hickory stroets, in tie civy of Omaha und subject p At for tho repaving of the san Y Tierehy notified In pursuance of ors 2083 pussed wnd wpproved March Tuh, 182, 1o select wnd determine upon the kind of miateriul 10 Lo used 1o repaving said Deprovemwent district, on or before the 17th iy of April 152 or tho vity councii wil do- termine suid materisl. Dated at Omaha this 2lst day of M LN bW, BIRKHAUSE:, Cualrwan of the Board of Publio Works, M2L-gioz