Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, March 12, 1892, Page 10

he considers the whole question of the pow- ors of the national governmont over the sub- ject of commarce, the most eminent jurist, while not dissenting from the view that a state may provide by quarantine and other laws for the protection of the public heaith, is very caraful to indicate that when a stato Iaw, whether quarantine, health, or other, may operate as an obstructicn or an impodi ment to commerce it must fall before the su- preme power of thenational government over that whole subject. Referrizg to the acts of 1796 and 1709 ho snys: But In making theso Islons the opinion 18 unequivocally manifested that congress may contro the state laws so faras muy b nocessary to control theni for the regulation of commeroe. In other words, that oongress may accept the state laws, as was done in 174, and_co- operate with tho state authoritios in their enforcoment, or, by implication, that it may modify or even replace them altogether by other iaws of its own enactment and provide for their enforcomont through tho agencies of the national zovernment alone, if it shall deem 1t nocossary, considering the interesta of commerce, to do s0. Again, in this same opinion, speaking of “the power to regulate,” he says : This power, like all othors invested in con- gross, {s complete In (tsolf, may be exerclsed o Its utmost extent.and ucknowledges no limitations other than aro prescribed by the conatitution. By parity of reasoning, if there are no “limitations” upon this power, and if it “‘may be exercised to the utmost” in con- forming oven the police and other regulations of & stuteto the requiroments of commerce, congross may undoubtedly, whore there is an entire absence of law 1n_a state for the pro tection of u great subject of interstate com- morce, adopt rogulations to protect the samo when such protections is necessary to tho maintenance of tho commerco therein pass- ing through such state to and from the sev- eral other stutes, In the case of Walling vs Michigan (116 U. 8., 446) it was said by the court that— The police power cannot be set up to control e fnhibitions of the constitution or the powers of the United States governu ent cre- atod thereby. In other words, that the polico power can not be employed by a state to prevent the necessary regulatious of commerce, nor to limiv nor abridge the powers of the national government over this subject through the in- hibitions in respect of such power. Andso [ maintain that, paripassu, if tho poliss power may not be invoked by the state to obstruct, it may bo set in motion by the national authority 1tself under some circumstances to remove obstructions in the way of interstate commerce. To1llustrate: If certain police regulations necessary fo protect a particular braach of interstate commerce in its passagoe through a state arv not supplied by a state, tLo congress may provide for making and on- forcing such reulations in the interest and for the protectio: of such commerce, having due regard for all the intercsts of the people of such state to be affected by these regula- tions, As for instance, if yellow fever should sud- deuly take possossion, epidemically, of the states of the lower Mississippi, and inter- courso between the great states of the north- west and Lhe norts below, which are usually employed to make the exchangesincident to the commerce of that vast region, should be seriously mterrupted, I maintain that in the absence of the necessary hoalth or police regulations in those states to deal quickly and effectively with the situation, congres: could, and it would be its duty under the con- stitution to supply those regulations and au- thorize action directly upon the case any- where in thoso states for the purpose of re- moving such obstacles to commerce when they could not otherwise be removed. And ultimately this rule will obtain and be gludly accepted by the people of every state in the union. Of course these are éxtreme cases, but the law should be ready always to pro- tect commerce among the several states in and every emergeucy. ‘erteinly it would always oe most desira- ble, and nndoubtedly it would generally hap- pen.if the bill under consideration should be- come & law, that where the state bad provid- od laws to meet the case the national powers ,Would be exercised as an auxiliary force only, the state laws being supplomented by tho regulation established by congress, and the state ugeucies being employed as far as practicablo to carry out the purposes of the proposed act. It is upon this theory of co- operation where possible, that this bill was framed. The reasons for such a policy aro manifold. They could not be better presented tnan they were by Chief Justice Marshall in the learned opinion in the case of Gibbons vs Ogden, from which I before quoted. He said: The acts of congress passed In 1796 and 1700 empowering and directing the officers of t general government to conform to und insi in the execution of the quarantine and health Inwa of u state proceed, It is suid, upon the idea that these Iaws ard constitutionnl. 1t is undoubtedly true that they do proceed upon that fdea, ind the constitutionulity of such Inwa hus nover, so farus we are (nformed. boen denfed. But thoy do not imply un neknowl- edgoment that a state may rightfully rexu- late commer e with foreizn nations of anion the states, for they do not imp'y that such Jaws arean exercise of that power, or enactod With a view toit. On tne contrary they are treuted s quarantiue and hoalth inws, are so denominated in the ncts ot conzress, and are considered u8 flowing from the acknowledged powerof astite to brovido for the hoaith of ts citizens. But as It wus apparon® that some cf the provisions made for this purpose and in virtue of this power might interfere with and be affceted by the lawsof the United Btates made for the regulation of commerce, congross, i that spiritof hurmony wnd con’ cilfation’ which ought ulways to clinracterize the conduct of governments standing in the rolution which that of the union and those of the statos Ler to each other. has directed 1ts officers to ald in the execution of these lnws, and has In some mensure udapted its own logislation to this dbject by makinz provisions In‘ald of those of the stutes. But in making these provisions the opinion 1s unequivocally munifested that conzress may control th stato luws. 50 far as {t may be nccossury control them. for the regulation of commerce. Howaver, it will beremembered that Chief Justice Marshall in the case of (ibbons vs. Ogden had before him primarily the question only of certain state enactments under which congress had suthorizod cooperation through certain officers of the national government with the state authorities, ‘‘wheroas the re- quirement now is to provide not only cooper- eration whon that can be had, but for inde- Pcndanl. action by the national government n the case of non action by the state or tho non existence of any state laws or regula- tions whatever to meet the case.” Nothing more pertinent and instructive as to the natural correlation of.%uderal and state powers and duties, n5,,ing more con- clusive as to the obligesion resting upon the federal und state an”,orities to act in unison and harmony {n.atters of great interstato concern lika .., under discussion has ever beon written than this plain, simple, strong statamont of Chief Justice Marshall, If the view is correct that the federal au- Aoority may remove nurtful or destructive obstructions from the pathway of iuterstate commerce, oven if placed upon the lines thereo! by a state lving between two or more states through which such commerce must puss, may it not trace into a state a poison- ous agulteration or an injurious counterfeit of an article of food or drug which has been inwroduced into such atate through auother state, which is admittedly burtful to the general health, prejudicial t the in- tereats of honorable commerce, and av the same time a viclous assault upon the geperal welfare! However, it would never be necessary 1o assert this m in the execution of this proposed ac 80 the comities botween the stutes an the federal government having common urpose of this high order in view, would, s intimated by Chief Justice Marshall in the learned decision of Gibbons vs Ogden, always be liberally observed. Particularl: Would this happen 1n such cases s this bill proposes to deal with whicn bears so inti- maté a relation to “tho gonoral welfare” of all the people. ‘There is, therefore, no possible doubt as to the correciuess of the general theory upon which this bill rests. 'he doctrine must be acospled Lhat mnsml can provide by een- eral provisions and definitions like those em- ployed iu this bill for the regulation of com- merce among the several states in adulteratea fouds which are admittedly injurious to the generai hoalth. The states, buving & com- mon interest and & common Purpose to sub- sarve, will not fail to enact similar laws to euuble theni Lo co-operate with the federal autoority through the reciprocal use of all the inspectica and lice powers of each. In recoguition of his uty and obligation, a stats would never refuse Lo authorize tho federal ofticers to help execute beaith laws enacted by the state, nor to consent that under suoh au act the federal offcer might extend Lis inspection to & man- ufaotory in such state eagaged io compound- ivg adulterated food and drugs exclnsively for shipient and ssle iu othor states and ter- ritories, whoro 4ho offender cannot be other- wise reached. But if for any yeavou it should be pre- ferrea by cituer that esch should act lnae- pondertly under thelr respective laws, 1t can 1ot ba doudted that ithers would be wreel p- such oases for so commendable & PUrPose— the common benefit and advantagoe of all the people ot all the states, Very soon, under the influence of this logislation, overy state, whioh has not already done so, will enact food adulteration conforming in their general provisions 10 this proposed act of congress, and, moet- ing at the line of the jurisdictional boundary between federal and state authority, those potential forces will be ever ready to co- oporaio in & common offort to purify the food and drug supphes of the peoplo. it i not, therefors, now, nor will it ever be, necossary in respoot of such legislation as this to split bairs as to the technicai con- struction of national and state inspection Ia It 18 morally cortain that this happy con- formity in tha provisions of the fedoral and state lnws for the protection of our food sup- plios of which 1 have spoken will soon oven- tuate if this bill shall become a law. And whoen this shall happen my friend from Tennessee will no longer be disturbea by the possiblo interference on the part of the foderal authoritios with the neighborhood trado in acid vinegar in *Old Virginia,” which he says is “known to bo not the pure article,” but as he says, is “perhaps harm- loss”—the imaginary future vicissitudes of which under this proposed act he so elo. quently described the other day in the fol- lowing langunge: Now, I may illustrate by a Maryland man telling mo tho other day that a vast amount, hundreds and thousands of barrols, of vinegur wore mado in the western part of Virginin und [t was all adultorated moro or loss, I* wis known that it was not the puro articis, but it found ready salo, and perhaps was harmioss. Accordinz to the seventh and th ninth sections of this bill, when the manu- facturer of thut vinegar sel's It Lo s else, puts it up at anction, If you plea it to Yom, Dick and Harry round h lishment, or sells it to another merchant in due course of trade, not knowing what he s going to do with 1t; or supposin: they ure Koing to consume it in the vicinity whero mude, within or clsewhero within the borders of thit state, you ean go there and arrest that man, ho being the manutacturer, and when he had ho {den at all 0f shipping Lo vinegar be- yond the borders of the stite. Another man, spoculating in It may go und buy from tha socond party In the neighbornood, and he Kknows nothinz of its being aduiterated, and yer it 1s adulterated, but harmloss. The vinegar goes Into Maryland, and here ©comes one of these (nspectors With the govorn- ment nuthority to analyze and revort. He says: “This Is not pure vinogar; [ will Indict you and earey you to the courts." The purchuser in Maryland is fnnocent, and porhaps did not know anything about the Inngunge of thie bill. He Is askod: *Whore did you get 1t “Krom a cortain mun biek upon the road running Into western Virglaiu." Then it 1s made his duty t0 o und zot that dealer in Virginin,who in turn had purchased 1t from the manufacturer, who had mado it from the fruit of his own orohard. This azent 20us back to that man, und nccording to the terms of this bill In the seventh and ninth sections, can Iay hands violeutiy on the man who has manufactured this vine zar, aithuugh hoe had nothing to do with the shi mont, and the merehant who bought. from him knew nothing of the adulteration when he sent 1t outside of tho 1ines of the stites. "I'his picture in_ its variod dotails 1s so in- volved und complicated that I feel myself un- equal to the task of properly answering it. T must, therofore, content myself with the sigle observation thatif the people of Vir- giula llke to use adulterated vinegar, acid vinegar, which, if not absolutely poisonous, is most harmful, 10 their own stato whers tho same is mauufactured, thoy can do so under this proposed uct. = And aftec it shall become a law, the senator's injunction to “let well enouxh alone” will not be necessary, for he people of **Old Virginia” can still “have iree course’—and ba polsoned—if they will, only they will not then be pormitted tosend their adulterated vinegar to Maryland unless it 18 branded as such. He will find, however, that this idea of his will not satisfy the people of +Old Virginia.” Among the strong appeals recaived for the passage of this measure mauy have come from “Old Virginia.” My friena will find that they, oo, want pure vinegar, or, at least, that they want the adulterated vinegar oranded and sold for exactiy what it is, and not as *'pure cider vinegar;” and that under their own laws, which are sure to follow the enactment of this, _they will be among the readiest of ail to require the regulation of the manufacture of impure vineguar in their own state and to co-operate with the United States authorities in securing the enforce- ment of similar regnlations whero it becomes @ subject of intorstate commerce. As & further answer, tho fullowing resolution, ofiicially signed, rocently adopted at the un- nual weeting of the Krult Growers' and Cider Vioegar Makers' association of Massa- chusetts, is respoctfully submitted : SECRETARY'S OFFICE, BILLERICA, Muss., Feb, 19, 1802 —Denr 3ir: - Avthe annual weeting of uit Growers', Cider und Cider Vinezar wtion of Massuchusetts, hetd in Boston Webruury 2, the foliowing resoiution was unanimously adopted: Resolved, Thit the president and secro- tary of this association be empowered, ns of- ficers of this ussocintion, to write a lotter to the Massuchusetis senators and rsprescnti- tives In congress setting forth that this usso- ciution indorses the Paddock pure food bill now before the United States senate. und ro- qusting thyt thoy ivo thelr uid to its enuct- ment. BEN M. THOLBROOK, President. S, . DICKINSON, S0CroLury. Hox. A, 8, PADDOCK, Sento Chumber, Washington, D, C, I further quote from my distinguished friend from Tennessee his oxpressed appro- hension as 1o tho probable disturbance of the interstate commerce between Marvland and Virginia by the passage of this act. The senaior say. The possible offect of the law may bo to m.ke trade which Is lawful within two statos a misdemeanor when earried on betwoen those statos. Marylwud and Vieginin may ench peraiit the wanufacture and trade in an udulterated artiole of food, while this law places 1< inspectors on the boundary be- tween Maryland and Virginia to prevent the intro iuction of an article the manutucture ot which each state encourages and promotes. The anomaly 15 presented of i luw of congress onuctad uuder the authority *to regulate commeree,” uctunlly proventing the com- werce without, — ahd possibly — ngalnst, the consent of the stutes must in- erestod t I8 -an exumple of foderal maternalism of i stepmother charac- ter, uover contemplated In u systom of zov- ernment where the functions of the Zovorn- ment were not intended to hinder .nd circum- vent the froest intercours® botweon the stutes, ‘Tois is in the nature of an unconstitutional argument to sel asidea plain provision of tho constitution,and from sostricta construction- istus my friend from Teunossoe 18 rather surprising. My friond is solicitous about the destruc- tion of the choap food supply of the poor by the passage of this bill, the aim and purpose of which is to make purer and, thorefore, cheaper, the food supply of all. Mr. President, there is no class of our peo- nle who are 5o directly and vitally interested in the passago of this bill as the poor, the meun who compose what are termed the “tin- puil brigades,” the bewers of wood and the drawers of waler. who construct our rail- roads, build our cities, work 1 our factorios, iron mills, and in the thousands of other em- ployments which belong largely to unskilled labor, as well as the clerks aud others of moderate salaries who live in towns and cliies. I will allow those eminent authorities, H. Wharton Amerling, prosident of the Society for the Prevention of the Adulteration of Foods, and Dr. Hassel, the eminent scientist, 1o make my further auswer to the senator Irom Tenuessee as to this particular objec- tion, Mr. Amerling says: By adulteration & man i8 1aade sick and by it he is provented frow recoverinz. * ¢ * People tn good olrcumatances do not suffer a titho us much as the poor in the citles from these adulterations. Dr. Hassel says: 1t Is, however, the poor man, the laborer and the artisun, who 18 the most oxtens.vely de- fruuded, for, ocounied early and lute with hi dally labor, often {u debt to thoss with who he deals, he Lis no time nor power to help him- solf In tho matter, and 1f Le had the time, ne till would require the requisite knowledge. The subject of adulteration, therefore, whlle it _concorns all clusses, 18 eminently & poor mun's question e extent to which he is cboated throngh adulterations s enormous. My friend from ‘Cennessee is also disturbed leat the passago of this act may inte:fere with the successful efforts of Massachusetts to reduce the percentage of food adulteration in that state 'as a result of its stringent food and drug inspection laws,” which show a saving of & per cent iu the inoveased purity of thewr articles of food during the vast few vears, This is what Dr. Avbott, secretary of the State Board of Health, che officer wko, under that luw hus accomplished all this, 8438 about this proposed legisiation in its er- foct upon tnelr great work in Massachusetts : Your bill will he helpful to all states which aro attempting to enforce such laws of thelr owa, hive carefully read the bill and ap- preclate its lmportance. Agaiy, he says: ‘The trouble with us is that we cannot take care of adultersted f and drugs that are mupufactured n and come to us from other statos, of which thery I8 an immense wmount. Wo must b 5 lonal law which will 8 sit of that kiad of produot to enable us ta reach the uifenders. M, President, if Dr. Abbott by his mag- uificent work in Massachusetis bas saved 5 wooal exervise of all Lielr separte powers iu ‘ per vont of the food supply io that state u & THE OMAHA DAILY fow yoars, it Is safo to say that from thoe date of tno passago of this act ho will save another 5 per cent in one year. If5 per cent could be saved 1in all the statos through ocorresponding laws and effort to minimize these adulterations supplemented by the great work that can be | done on interstate commerce lines I this bill becomes & law, it will result in & net saving to the whole country in their food supply of maro than $200,000,000, according to the ap- proved estimates of the total food consump tion of the whole country to be affected by this legislation, My friend from Tennesseo says that *‘tho health of tho people is the rightful oaro of the states.”” Undoubtedly ho is correct. The states are rightfully charged primarily with this duty; but I am sura he bas not objected in the past to the intervention of tho federal coverament, under the leadership of his distingmished colloague [Mr. Harris| when its groat power hus beon invoked and freely used to arrest the rav- ages of yellow fover epidemics in southern states, Nor has any objection been heard from those statas when larso ap propriations have boen made for the relief of sufforers from floods in the valley of the lower m«mwm. nor for the construction of levees to coatluo tne waters of that great stream, and thus provent tho overflows which not only destcoy vastamounts of private property in those states, but broed malaria, fovers, and other diseases which re- sult in great suffering and morality. Iagree with him that those are ail mat- tors which may properly receive the atten- tion and the assistaice of the federal gov. ernment, and I have always favored them. So may tho foderal government properly intervene on tho lines of interstate com- merce toaid in arresting the polluting and poisoning of the channels through which the food and medicine supplies pass to the peoplo who are everywnere robbed, while thousands aro sent to their graves every yuar from this causo, My distinguished friend from Texas |Mr. Coke], in his general criticisms of this bill the other day said: Thoto ls not u producen, & compounder, or manufacturer of modicines, of food, or of liquors who will not be subject to obstruction, oppression ana harrassmont in his business under this proposed law. And again: The opportunitios and +he inducoments for 1llielt nioney making by those who should hon- estly exeeute the law” will be too many and 100 2roat to leave a reasonable ground to ex- pect bonest udm nistration. The swarm of offi- cers, agents, and employes required under this bill. If there 18 to be a_ bona flde onforce- ment of 1t, will of unecessity extend over and permonto ' the whole country, so that no amount of executive honesty ana_ability in the dopartment chlefs here in Washington wiil avert the resulte I huve indicatea And further: The concentration lo one or halt a dozen chem:sts hiore in Washington of the power to say what food, drink, or medicine is fit for the people to use. and to forbid that which they ay s unfit being transported through the innnels of interstate commorce, will stri<e the aver: ge judgnient of the people of this country i 00 groat i POWEr oVer them, over thoir business, thelr commerce, the.r niunu- facturing and producinz interosts, und as one 100 Hable to sbuse from famorance, dishon- osty and corruption to be intrusted to any nan OF Set of men. Mr. President,it 1s absurd to say that “ob- struction,”” “oppression,” and “harassment ave possible to any honest proaucar or dealer through the analyses provided for by this vill. Toere is no authority to make seizures orto stop or obstructauything anywhere, I'he honest will invite, will be anxious for inspec- tion and analyses, just as under the meat inspection acts recently passed those who slaughter beeves and pack and ship the products theroof from one state to another or to foreign countries, are now all of them anxious to have an_inspection of the same. And this inspection, Mr. President, is uni- formly made at the packing houses in the soveral states, which stand 1n the same re- lation to interstate commerce that the manu- factorios of articles which are subjects of in- terstate commerce wiill under this bill if eunac.ed inw law, Mr. President, the Department of Agricul- ture cau prosecute no ono under this pro- rosed act. The [functions of the ofticers of that department wholly cease with analyses and the publication of ‘the same. Inspection can only be employed for tho purpose of localizing suspected articles for analyses; o if samples are refused to be sold for this pur- pose they can not be seized nor molested in any way by an officer of tha Agricultural de- partment. When a refusal occurs nothing further can be done than to report the case to the proper district attorney for his investi- gzation as to the refusal of the party of whom the request may be made fora smnplo for analysis. Such a refusal will never happen in tho case of an honest shipper or dealer. After this act shall have been in force for a timo 1t will infrequently happen, even in the case of those who ara disposed to be dishonest. Tho detorrent influonce of the law will be a re- straint upon him which will lead him out of his evil practices. Therefora this will be ono of the most valuable provisions of the act. i1 hope it cannot be that this is _the real reason for dosiring to have sections 7 and 8 stricken out. It will create a public sentiment not only with the consuming public, but with all manufacturers, shippers and doalers which will render the refusal of a sample for analy- sis very raro indeed, 1f a frsud is discov- ered, the person guilty of it will deserve o little “obstruction,” ‘“harrassment,” ete., but this he cannot got from the Department of Agriculture, It must come from tho United States courts, under their regular processes. Tho observation of my distinguished friend from Toxas as to the possibility of “‘iliicit money making" by thosa wno may be charged with the administration of this measuro is unworthy of him, The rule as to ofticial conduct with all, from the highest to the lowest {n our government, is to be honest and faithful in the discharge of public dutis And when I say this L 1&ier to the repre sentatives in ollice of no particular political party. My statement is true as to Ceor- tainly this rule would ve no less likely to be observed by those who may be employed in this particular servics than in all other: But how oould they make *4llicit money? No one can handlo a dollar of money nor an articlo of any king, excopt a small sample of little or no value, Tt is required, moreover, that this sample shall bo divided into three parts, each sealed and labeied, one of which the suspected doaler may keep, one of which the food sec- tion takes, and one of which is held by the proper district atworney, each to bo sopa- rately analyzed by different analysts aod each to be a check upon the other, Where could the illicit money making come in under such a method as this! Now, this is all there is of the functions of each and all of the ofti- cers of the food section under the provisions relating to analyses, Aftor what I have already said in answer to this branch of the remarks of the senator from Texas, it 86es UNAOCBSSArY O make any commeént upon his very extravagaut proposition as to the conceatvation in one or half a dozen chemists here in Washington of the power to say *what food, drink or medi- olne is fit for Lhe people to use,’” and o *for- bid that which they say is unfit,” ete. They can peither ‘‘say”’ nor ‘*‘forbid” here nor elsowhere what people shall or shall not eat or drink, or what medicine they shall or shall not use when sick. The analysts can analyze genorally 1o tue food aivision sam- ‘of articlos of food and drugs and pub- ish the results of the same, just us they are now doing in a small way. Buteven in the caseof a prosecution they can not publish an analysis of the alleged adulterated articles in conuection with the name of the person adulterating the articles until after trisl ana conviotion of the person thus offending. They can not present the case of a party charged with violating nn‘{ of the sections of ulterations or mis brandings embraced within its definition: without, as I have before stated, permitting him to take from the sample of bis owa arti- cle which is suspected of having been adul- terated, one-third of the same for analysis in his preseuce, av the same time one being de- osited with the proper district attorney, to geanllnad under his control, so that three authorities, f which is the offending party bimself, have each independent super- vision of an sualysis of the same article, and ® full concurrence as to the result of such analyses must be secured to insure the con- viction of the offender. 1 caunot, therefore, see where my friend from ‘Lexas finds his authority in this bill for the statement which I have quoted as to the potentiality of the food division in respeot of tho control of “‘what food, drink, or medicine 1s fit for the people 10 use,” ete. 1 bave already, in reviewing the speech of wmy honored friend from nesson, suf- ficiently answered the extravagant estimate of the cost of admin strauop of this proposed law made by the senator from Texas, aud ::3!:\( furt seoms necessary ou that The senator from Texas vead an extract from & report made several years since by tha Enghsh Board of Inland Revenue to the o at the legislative enactments of Eng- iand had 0ok been s succosaful as they might ATURDAY, MARCH 12 have been, principally from a lack of discrim- ination on the part of thé consuming publio, a8 the report states. It is rather in the na- ture of an exhortation to consumers to help by their own examplo to oreate a publio sentimont which would foroe the dishonest trader out of business if after detection he shontd still continue in such practioes, The fact stated by Dr. Hassol, the eminent Euglish sclentist, which I have before pre- sented, that the poor become bound to the small dealors by their constant indebtedness to them, aad are not, therefore, in a situa- tion to publicly discredit thom even if thoy know that they are seliing spurions fonds, pArtly accounts for the earlier troubles in en foroing the law undor the English rotail sys- tom; besides tho fines in cases of conviction aro almost nothing, and the minor magis- trates as & rulo are moro fnefMoiont than tho most ignorant frottior justices of the peace anywhers in this.gountry; thon the influenco of the publication of frauds whore the mass of the common people have such timited access to what i¥ printed as in England, is very little at most. But, notwithstanding all this, a great qlyanoce has been made in the past ten yoars in that country in the work of arrestink food adulterations and soplistications. . Tn tho report made to the Englisn Socioty of Public Anulysts, at its aunual meeting, held on Januacy 6 f the present year, about two months ago, I find the following: 1n spite of such phstucles— ‘Tho very ones fvhich I have just stated — the effects of the agt have been nothing short o: startling, and huve resulted in the saving of hundreds of thousands, nay. millions of pounds of the publle money. In the five yoirs, ISTT-18SL tie percentuge of snimples fount aduiterated in the wiolo of Enziind and Wales was 16.2 from which fizuro 1t has rogularly and stoadity deetined to 112 In 1803 that {8 t0 sy, in fifteon yoars a reduction of $Lper cent of the total aduiteration. T seven thousand four hundred und sixty-fl sumples were anulyzol during 180), of which B0 were reported to bo adulterated. Tt is nlso & mactor of public_knowledge in this country that in ibe past few years the inspectors under tho English law have de- tectod & number of fraudulent, misbranded articles of food which had been shippad n enormous quantities from this country, to the vory groat injury of our export trade. Among theso was canned beei falsely branded as choico muttons, which are much more expensive than canned beef 1n tho I lish marief 50, fiilod cheese, a villianous compound of vommon lard ana other fats mixed with milk, ote., branded as American creamery cheeso; also, butter branded as superfine dairy butter, but which was adul- terated with margarine, etc.; also, a lard branded as puro leaf lard, but which was made of sterine, cotton-sced oll, otc., with a small percentage of swine fat. And there is this to be said, that of ali the countries of the civilized world, the otly ono touay that has not laws like this covering the whole tield of food aaulteration, and potice regulations to prevent the adulteration and sophistio ition of foods, is the United States of America, the greatest of all of them in all that constitutes true national greatness Mr. Palmer—Will the senator from braska allow mo to ask him a question. Mr. Paddock—i prefer that the scnator should not intorrupt me. My time is very limited, & special order will remove mo from the floor at 3 o'clock, and I have so much yet to say that I can hardly tinish, if left alone,at that nour. As a vesult of such rigid inspections, and equally sovera import regulations, mauy traders in theso bogus and misbranded ar- ticles were convicted, fined, and_the whole business broken up, the altogether vicious articles expelled froin the English markots, and the noainjurious compounds which had been soid under fictitious brands relegated to their re:pective classes us compounds, and forced under brands describing them as what they veally were. Therefors, although it may have done ten or fiftesn years ago to present the Knglish law and its administra- tion as a failuro, in this year 1892 it will not serve the purpose ot the enemies of this bill to prove that this is vicious logislation for this great country. Why, Mr. President, if nothing more could be accomplished than the inspection hore which this bill providas for articles of food for exportation to Burope, to detact and pre- vent the shipment from our ports of such compounds as I have described branded as the choicest of our food products of their re- spectivo classes, thore ought to be no hesita- tion ubout its speedy enactment. It would have heen worth many millions of doliars to our export trade, as I stated yesterday, 1f this act could have been passed @arly ensugh to bave made impossible these frauds of re- cent vears 1o whic alled attention. Mr. President, in connection with this par- ticular subject of our oxport trade, and the experiences of the [Iuzlish rrads in respoct of the same, I desire to prosent a little testi- mony—indc ed it is o partof ihe very evidenco furpished in connection with the frauds above roferred to, Our export trate is scriously affacted through ths absencs of proper federal inspec- tion laws. The fard prosecutions in Liver- pool have been followed by wprosccutions against English vendors of American tinned meats. I quote from the Livorpool Courier of May 15, 1300 Two local grocers, Messrs, Holmes, of oy~ worth streot. and Jiekson of St Jamos strect, wore yosterday summone § under the food and drugs act for seiling s tnned mutton beet witha iittle mutton fat meitod in the tin The defendants ploaded total fznorance of tho traud, which wis committed in Chicigo. but they were each lined 5 and costs It was stuted fhat the prosecutions were institated A resuitof n discussion in trale Journals about tinned besl being sold as 1 ation, of course at hizher price In thessue of the Courier of May 10 we find the following: At the meoting of the health committee yesterday Jr. E. H. Cookson. deputy chair- man, presiding, Mr.J. B. Morzan said ho no- tlced that n prosceation took pince the other day with regard to the salo of tioned ment. Ho hiad been looking (nto tins mutter, and be- Heved there had heon i fraud of considerable mugnitade, thousands of tins of ono cluss of food being sold s quite another cluss. e asked tho town clork Wiy tiio actlon wus taken an ! tor furthor prtlculurs ‘tn rospoot 0 it Mr. Moss (committee clerk) explained that it came to the knowledge of the inspectors, un- der the salo of foods und druvs (adulteration) act, that large quantitios of beef wero being 2010 a3 imutton In- tins. Tho Inspostors viss ited shops In various parts of the town and obtalned samples of nearly all the brands thoy conid. These wore submitted for unuiysis ana a prosecution took place, tho brands on the tins in quostion boing as ' fol- lows: “Tho Armour Cioning compiny, Chi- cago, U. 8. A., superior roast mutton.” There was an allezation that the meat was had. r. 1. B. Morgan remurked that tinned mut- ton fetehed u much higher price than tinned beef. In the report uf the statistician of tho De- partmant of Agriculture for January and February, 1300, attention was called 1o the fuot that bogus cheese was being exportod in such quantities as to seriously throaten our entire valuable foreign trade in that prouuot, The secretary ot the Liverpool Provision Trade Association and Exchange compan, made formal protest under date of March 20, 180), to Commissioner Thom of Wisconsin, ‘I'no protest was as follows: We desire to Inforni you that a committes, consisting of tho underslencd. has Leon ap- ointed by this assoointion 1o wateh the inter- ts 0F the choeso trade, which wre boing men- ad by tho eontinued [nerease In the munu- facturo of the article kuown as “fillled cheese.” We dosire to co-operate with you in the direstion of obtaining such legislation ns will load to the suppression of the munufac- turinz of this article. The legitimute Intorests of the trade aro serionsly imperiled, and the reusonable ox- pectation of the consumer disappointed, and we are clearly of opinion that the distribu- tlon of “filed cheeso" is diszusting the British public with the puro article, and that our trade and mutual interests are in dunger of sufforing a permanent and lasting injury. Weo are in_communication” with oir home sanitary author ties and are placing the mut- tor botore our agricultural government de- partment and members of the House of Com- mons. We venture Lo suggest that you should call upon your government and sfate loaisia. tures to prohibit the manufacture of those goods. We would ask you to lnform us what Btops ire being tuken on your side and what course should. In your opinion, be adopted to Dring about the ead we have in view: In commenting upon the matter, the Breeders' Gazette of Chicago spoke as fol- lows: In the Guzette of November 6, 188, editorial attention was 21ver Lo the iatest fraud which afficts both the producer and consumer of dairy goods, numely, the manufacture of #1100 cheese,” tho lext balag the discovery by Commissioner Thoui, of Wisconsin, of & fac- tory in that state engaged In the extensive roduction of this vile stuff. “Filled oneose," t sy be stated for the benefit of those who are not {nforumed 6y to Lhia latest inven loh of the evil one to tastield, 1s wade from skim ilk, into which iagun melted, moldy, rotten 'store butter,” fit c#ll{ for soapgroase, and doubtless purchakbd at the price which such rofuse brings. Ooitnlssioner Thom's ort of what he saw with his own eye wo- tory which was turding out this vile com- pound wus enough 66 make & man even with B0 unusually strapy stomuch forswour for- ever the eating of cheese. Tho Gazette's oplu- fon of this practice'was plaioly oxprossed at the time, and It ls sbarcely netessary Lo reit- erate its domand for the Gutire suppression of the manufucture of this vile and unwholesome compound. Aud the Wisconsin daivy and food eom- Ne- 1892-TW I missioner accompanied tho transmittal of this letter to the (Gazetto offico with the fol- lowing note of warning! Tnolosed ploase find a clrcular which oamo to my nddross from the secretary of the Liver- pool Exchange company, T think the mattot demands nttention from the friends of ono of atost industrios of the northwe was rocelved ab this offico ource which stated thas the L s wore covared with (i led chesso’ states of Ohlo, Iliinois, and Wisconsin The market for choose TFom these st itos eot nOL BSCAPS FeseIVINg & binok o Until w can establish and maintaiu a demand for our goods upon merit this ban from foroien ns we.l as home countries will continue to exist. The vigorous prosecutions of venders ot o-called “‘refined lard” in Englana resulted i the proper branding of that urticle, but the revelations made of American commer- cial metnods, which congross had taken no monsures to check, serfously injured our trade on other lines, I nave other evidence here from witnesses of the highest character, as 1o the great necd, and the genoral domand for this legis- lation. I quoto from my remacks tho other day, a8 foliows : Mr. President, I do not claim tbat this vroposed legislativn is perfect by any man- nerof means, I ask senators, 1f the bill is not properly drawn, if it is ‘not upon the proper lines s to intorstats commerce, to ko itup and doul with it honnstly and Inirly, and amend it, and perfect it; make it a good bill if it is not a good bill now. Do not, because thore is an approbension that some particular product may not bo able hereafter to get itself into a compound some- whero and disguise itself under something elso to be sold for that somothing else, at- tempt through stato rights obstructions and that sort of thiug to provent any logisla- tion. “Mr. President, T now road something that aid not como to mo_oflicially, but goneral ob- servations from ono of tho best authorities in the conntry : Mr. Elisha Winter, soorotary of the comn teo on tezislution of the national pure-food movement, in . dobute the Kotail " ussoclation of New York, spoke i lows: Aduiteration plays into the hands of the avariclous few by givinz them the chance to take more thun™ their s e of trade, on ne- count of the low pricss ut whiel they can soll pour Koods. »Tho only protection tho honest retuiler oun seoure for himssif is to ask the natfonal go ernmant to supplement the various stites and municipaiities by reaching fmported com- modities, Interstito transportation, and in torritor.os. under tho jurisdiction’ of tho United States authorities, the saie of fool products.’ If the goneral government will give the retatler this protoction® he may then work out his own salvation by putting his i dividual guiranty upon all 1i1s goods and de- mundinz that the st ite anthorities shatl then reco:nize the intezrity of his purpose and give him support, instead of makiog the bres- eut class disorimination.” Tho saume gentieman, In a ecircular dated Murch, 1857, says: The evils a 1ing from the manufacture, Importation d salo of adulterated food, odicines are patont to all who en casual attontion. affi: ison the Increase, and tho aotri- eut ik influences arlsing therofrom oxtend to the bealth us wo.l us the poc lo. Ior both hygionic ood tha verful to check the evil must e invoked.', The constitution and by-laws of the Contral Assoeiution of Retall Morehants of New York vicinity, names under the heading of ‘objects and aims™ of thoir organization: *“The protection agninst the aduiteration of zools. fictitious labels, imperfectly prepared feod products, ete. Our proposed state asso- clation will have a duty t perform in arrl g if possible, at & happy medium of judg ment upon the merlts of theso questions.” This association should also demund that with every package of food products shall b do- liverca tho gusranty and desiznation of the quality of goods therein contained.” Me. Rosowater, a very prominent citizen and scientist at Cleveland, O., says: Recently in this stuto it was told that n nufacturer of coffee, adulterated but not so labeled, renderod tho state authoritlos vowerless Dy claiming that his' product was inten.ied for commerce outstde of Ohlo. That is what is the matter with this busi- uess, Mr. Prosident, in Jaouary, Whose first draft was prepared b Wiillamson of New Jersey Board of Trade (vide Auti-Adulteranon Journal, volume 3, No. 2), which, in its ob- jects, and even in the general teuor of its provisions, was quite similur to the peuding measuro, was iaid before the national puro food convention as woditied by a conference committee of the National Board of Trade and Pure Food convention. In that report the committee said, referring to the previous drafu: The excellence of the underlying principles, nhowever, have been recoznized by tnoir adop: tion In ‘the heaith laws of seversl of our states, and when we gob 3 national act apply- ing to interstate commorce, which hus now assumed sush vast proportions, tho other states will doubuless swing into'line. Thesw principles may be summarized as: I'trst—Prohibition or hurtful adulterations. Second—Rogulution of nonhurtful tlous in comn suthic 1887, & bill Chancellor for the National wants chickor L Lol it. but ho that doc ived. I'he iet. as orizinally indorsed by tho ) tonal Board of Trade, provided that its ox- excation shouid be intrusted to the National Board of i At bodv at prosent Is in no condition to.efliclontly udminister such u la 50 We Propose Lo create a buroau in one of tho zovernment deparvments and muke it the sole Dusiness of that Lurean to see that the law Is efilciently administered. Laws without a p Hee foree or a police foroe without good laws ure equally uselvss, and wo proposo that this Luw, if ¢reated, shail be of some use, Mr. President, the senator says there 18 no aemand for this iegislation except as it comes from the competitions of interested parties. Let us see where there is any demand for it Petitions and memorials of many citizens of Arkansas have comu to congrass asking for the passage of this bill; a resolution of the legislature of lowa; memorial of the Warm- ers’ alliance and Industrial union of the state of Itlinols; resolutions of the Chicago Board of Trade; memorial of the Parmers’ Mutual Benefit association of the state of Illinois; memorial of Grocers’ association, Baltimore, Md.; resolutions of the State Grange of Missour:; resolutions ef the exe- cutive comwitteo of tho State Grauge of Missouri; resolutions of the legisiature of Missouri; resolutions of the Thirty-sixth general ussombly of the stato of Missouri; resolutions of Talmage (Mich.) granger peti- tioa of Wholesalo (irocers' association of Boston, Muss.; resolutions of the house of representatives of Nebraska; rosolutions of the logislature of the state of New York, Resolution of the legisiature of the state of Kansas; resolutions and memoriul of the New York Produce exchange, of the New York Board of Trade and ‘Uransportation, National Board of Trade, New York Cotton oxchuuge, Wholasale Grocers’ association, ote.; proceedings indorsing the bill of the Akron (Ohio) Board of Trade; memorial of the Retail Merchants' Protective associution of Seranton, Pa.: memorial of the Chamber of Commerce of Charlestou, 5. C.; resolu- tion of the legislature of Colorado; resolution of the Connecticut State grauge; memorial of the Nationa! Farmors’ aliiance; and these areonly a part of them. I bave brought these out as sumples. ‘I'hey aro not,all, by many thousauds. Here, Mr, P’resident, is the journal of the American Medical association. This 1s what that great ana influential journal, standing for tho medical fratercity of this country, says of this bill: An ovlaenco of progrossive onlightonment comes to us in the form u bill resently intro- dused In the United Stutes senate for prevent- ing the adulteration of food and drigs, and for other purposes, This bill s ¥o commend- able wnd worthy of the attontion of the med- fonl profession that we tako vleasure in giv- ing 1L epuce 1u our pages. ‘I'nen follows the biil, published in ex- ens: Here is a letter from Dr. Ephraim Cutter, secretary of the American Medical associa- tiou, Sue of ‘the most eminent medical scien tists in the world, who has written muuy books which are recoguized as standard works the world over, AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, SECTION PHYSIOLOGY AND DIETETIOS NEW Y@RK. b, 19, 1592,—My Dear Sir: Thiscorufles that 1 have read the toxt of your pure food bill, and take great pieasura lu giving it m, strongest Indorsoment. It {s timely, needed, und shows that our lawmakers have at hoart tho best interests of tho unlisted yet 1nost valuable article of natlonul wealth, to-wit, the Lealth of its citizens. 1 Lave the honor to be. slncerely, yours, Epikaiy Curres, Socrotary, BENATOR A, 8. PADDOCK, Chairiian, ote. Hore is another. This is from the chalr- wau of the committee on legislation of the National Wholesale Druggists association; and mark this, that everywhere, wherever you can strike an influential organization, whether 1t be in medicive, in drugs, in manu- faotures of food produc! ling, or whatever it may be, you will find their in- dorsement of his proposition, with the hope that through it something at least may be ac- complished in the way of deterrent legisla- tion, if nothing more, against the rascals, the villdios, the wicked compounders and mauip- ulators, aaulterers and sophisticators of food aod drug products, who are destroying hon AGES, est trade and brincing disgrace upon the commereial namo of this country. Mr. Kelly says : Yoursof the J0th altimo anl coby of tho substituto bily duly roceiyed NATIONAL WiOGES \LE DRUGGISTS ASSOCTA- PITEnCRG, b 1802~ Hon. A. 8 wddook, Se e Ul Washington, D. Yours of the 30th u 11 copy of the sul stitato bill anly recolved. Accept thanks for YOUF PIomnt response. After a eareful scruting of the bill, consider 1t unobjectionable, aud feel oM ities 1 not only favor 1ts p: will ny way thoy m 1y ho permiited, proy 0 obJectionable amend:ments be at tichod Our committes desire to expross thelr ap- preeintion of your generous and l:vnrm\‘u consideration of thelr su g tions. Yours re- spectfully, onaE A, KELLY Ohnirman. 1 should say that the very intelligent ana nhonorabio ofiicers of tho National Wholesals Druggists’ association appoared before tho committes, Tho aim of the committos was to make a conservative measuro which should moet thoir viows if possiblo, Thoy gave us much valuable information. 'Ihoy thom selves have mado offorts in times past for this king of logislation, and their national conventions have always dwelt upon the im- portance and the desirability of such legisia- tion, to their very groat honor bo it said. This is from another member bf the com- mittoe, Mr. Kline, who 13 also a membor of the Nutional Druggists’ association, a mom- vor of the committoe ou legislation, a man of fine intelligence, and of the highest business integrity, Mr. Kline says: PricADELPRIA, Fob. 2, 1802-Doar Sir: Ploaso accept thanks for copy of the rovised pure food and drug biil. 1 desiro to thank you personally and as a member of the committee on lexisiution of the Nutionnl Wholosale Drugeists’ association for the changes in this I which are en- tiroly in necc cmy views anl Lam sure of & major mombers of the national associntion. wnd T sincerely trast that the vill Iy bepussed substantially o its’ presont Y'dlill bo ean send vory much obliged to you it you from time to time copies of the should v bo further chanzed. Yours M.ON, Kris A S PADDOCK, Chulrman Committeo on'Agriculturo nnd Forestry, United States Senate, Washington, D, C. Horo i5 another important business factor, woll known in all parts of this country, It is the Fruit Growers, Cider and Cidor-Vine- gar Makers association, representing an enor- mous 1nterost, as peopls in the fruit-growing states well know, with an immense amount of capital invested, whose great business suffors. This is a letter oficinlly signed by the prosident and secrotary of that organiza- tion. The letter is as follows : SEORETARY'S OFFICE, BILLEHIOA, Mass., Fob, 17, 1804--Da ir §ir: At the annual’ meeting of tho Frult Growers. Cidor and Cidor-Vinozar Malkers association of Massachusetts, keld in Hoston, Fob. 2, the following resolution was unanimonsly adopted: “‘Resolved, That the president and secretary of this ussoclation be empowered, 48 officers of this associution, to writo a jout fetter o the Massachusotis senators and ropresentutives In conzress setting forth that this associution indorses tho Puddock pure food bill now bofore the United States senute, and requesting that they givo their aid to its enactment.'” Wo ire faithfully yours. 1wOOK, Presidont. Lury, Hon. A, 8. PADUOCK, Senute Chambor., Wash- tngton, D. C. Hero ar also two articles from the Ameri- can Cider Makors Monthly Journal, which is the revresentative of this great interest. It is an ablo and 1fluential journal, ayd is well known all over the country. 1 road” {American Clder-Makers Monthly Journal, February 10, 1302 Ono of the upoer most questions inthe trade 15 to bond every effort to seeure what Is known as the “pure food bilL" now pending in con- zross. This meusure was tho first ill intro- duced In the senite at the opoulnz of the ses- slon. Its provisions apply not only to the output in any sinzle trade or industry, but to all food and drink products. Tho varlous assoclutions at thelr recent meetinzs. ull took action on the bill, strongly urzing {13 early pussuge upon our nationil lexisiators in " the ¢ una iulterated fruit £oodls and unimpeachable cider vines i jeot of u national committeo for the sts of the trade at was aiso approved, and every associi- entative as solected was shocially racted ic keep hiseyo on the Paddo biil. Of the equity In brandinz and seliin 20005 for what tliey uro, and not what thoy can be mide to resomble and frauduiently Qisposed of for. but one opinion provails among consnmers and _reputable manufact- urers, and this 1s embodled and given point to in Senator Paddock’s measury YAmerican Clder-Makers Monthly February 10, 152.] PURE PRODUCTS LEGISLATION, Clder vinogar and frult goods manufaturers Journal, torra alba (white earth), tarch. The quantity of this poisonou was about 5 per cent. acid 425) The articles nse 1 for the purpose of adulter- xt-omoly numerous. Most farl- become d axed and uns dable may by skiliful ronst nd grinding be renderod serviceablo by “spice mixor. Mang othot wrioes wh might ve fne uded under the head of rubbl by Suitabio manipuiation may be teansforn Tto mixtiros which ¢/ose'y Fesomblo the vari- os spices in color and_appenrance, Inoking onty i 11Lt1e seasoning with the sma'lost pos- SIble quantity of the roil articie to givo the chiracteristio odor and At them for the markot. Of forty-oiuht analy: of useful housetold articles onl pure. Rogarding spices, th says While many manufaoturers som ndor thelr own naines (round sp e from all foreign substinces and of excelient quality, and find an {ncroasing wpproclation of their ®o0ds, yet the markoets are stifl flooded with 1 % 0f poor quality, originaily and larzely mixed with any convenient rabbish which oan o manipuiuted into the sombiance of the gor aine artiele. Fortunately for the vietiml purchusor, the substitutos by the dishonost snice-grindor, however unsuited for food, und often ‘repulsive in character, are not posi- tvely polsonous. es by Prof. Lattimoro sovon wero gontleman DRUGS. Prof. W. G. Tucker, in his report (pagn 2060, report 1888), shows the result of 326 sam. plos of various drugs, as follows Good quality .. or 43,0 por Fairguality 1 per Inferor..... Jisen . ¢ per Notasecalied for..... ...... Tho latrer 63 sumples, designated “not ns called for,” show simply tho fairness of the, examiner, as, while containing adulterants, bencfit of tho doubt is given to the comw pounder or seiler, whethor the article was sold through ignorance or mistake. Tho fact established is that out of 520 mplos exam- inod only 140 were pure, and 79 came under the headiag of “inferior,” which the wri says is used in the roport to designate arti- clos “4f not clearly adulterated or falsified, lacking inany important constituent, de- ficient in strongth from imoroper manufact- ure, partial or complete decompositior, or othor causes, or containing uudue amount of mpurity.’ Dr. Beckwith, chairman of committes on adulteration of food, drinks, ad drugs of tho Ohio Stato Board of Health, say The wisdom of prohibitory lesislation ean be scen on our shilo of the water by the resilts obtained in Cannda, The work of examinu. tion there began 4870, when 5166 per cont of the articlesexamine 1 were found adulterate | In slx years thereafter, or in 1882, this pe centase had been reduced to 25, a remarkable «howins,when we consider that tho only m of pun’ ent for infraction of the law has been the publication of the names of guilty parties. It may be safoly assorted that In overy locality “where the law does not dator from the act aauiterated articles are on sale in all kinds of food supply stores, even the most reputable. The samo authority, in an addross bofora tho state sunitary convention, saia In the matter of coffees, teas, many otl articies in aally us or SWeopin hinges in lmport tios do not troub'e ths consumer in the least. The beneti- vent manibulators of these goods take the import.be 1t much or Httie. and bring the sup- ply ub to the demand in thelr own warohouses through a judicious sophistication by the use of chewn home products, And ho says: When we consider that the welfare, the hap- piness and the greatest prosperity of nation ped upon the health and morals of ity B, d thot unpalitable and frritating the prim 1se of very many dis- cuses that flesh is hoir to, the Imporativeness of entering the field, lance in hand inst this insatinble foe to good llving ana gool temper, food adulterations, ought to be ap- parent to every onc of us. b much has been rged and 50 much proven by those who have given their timoe and best sclentific knowledge to Investi, s into the condi tions of our food products, that ignorance can no longer be made the excuse for | The most humble among us may b stron St In this rightous fizht, Ianpenl to the economist to enter the lists ngainst this despoiler of our h s and de- ploter of our fortunes. § appent to hununity to shike off the fetters of the ost eru tyrant and exacting despovthe world has seen, [appenl to the commereinl men all over the country to unite ns a bund of hrothers nod discountenunce the adultoration of food and PENNSYLVANIA. The committee on adulterations, poisons, otc., of the Pennsylvania legislatute, speak- ing through thoir chairman, Dr, Pemborcon Dudley (seo page 90, report of the Board of Heulth of Pennsylvaniu), says: pices and hort erons throuzhout the country are urging the pns- z0 of the bill introduced by Sonator Pud- k of Nebraska, December I 1801 in tho United States sonnt2 “for preventing the adultoration and misbranding of food and drugs, and for other pur The portion of direct fnte le 15 that section 6 defining when a_food product sh i e deemed to bo adulteratod, us foliows: “First, 1f wny substinee or substances has or have been mixed and packed with it so as to reduce or iower or injuriously afleet its quality or strength, so that sich product when offered for sule, shall bo calenlated and shall tend to deceive the purchaser. “Soaond, [f any inferior substanco or sub- stances [ ve been substituted, holly in purt, for the wrticle, 5o that the product, when sold, shall tead to decoive the pur- ser. Third. It any valuable constituent of the article has been wholly or in part abstracted, 50 that the product. when soid, shall tend to deceive tne purchaser. “Fourth. €1t be au_ tmitation of and sold under tae spocific name of another article.” Other sections support and strongthen the above excerpis. The bill provides that n “food seetion of tho ehemieal division™ shall “There ean bo no quest on, howeyer, that the dopartment of sanitary Iabor assigned (o this committes ix ono of the most mportant that engaves the ttention of sun.tary aithorit The adulterations of food and druzs i NUMCTOus, S0 COMMON, S0 universl, wo & most say, and 4k tho samo thne 80 pro, cinlto v hoitth of our people, that con wittehfulness and omnipreseiitoversight alons ¢ n repress and prevent thel Wherever competition proviils there wo find the temptation to lower the standard of pur- ity and strength of our food stuffs und our e lieinal pro nd with the excep- tion of the few th are protectedG by patents, this competition extends to all, Dr. L. Wolfl, in an urticlo on *Our Drugs and Medicines (Penunsylvania Board of Health report, pago 333), says : Tho use of pure druzs and medicines, prop- crly compounded and administercd, const tutes w most lmportant foaturo for the preser- vittion of lis: d tho prevention of avold- wble death, 1 eivilized countries 1t s boen & duty of the stite to control rvise thisthrough compatent officluls al luws, Tho harm arlsimg from inert or Lmp druzs consists not only in de- bo orginized in fhe Department of Agricui- ture, whoso specific duty shail be to exwmine nd analyze spocimens of food products which muy be colloctod from time to tine, in various pirts of the country, and publish in builstins tho resultof such analyses. A New 1, 1802,) [From the American York., Mar The pure food hill of fonator Padaock s likely 10 bo enueted. This comprehonsive meusuro estabiishos i purs focd division in the Dopurtmunt of Agrleulture, and appiies to various food products intended for Inter- stato and foreiga trade the systom of Inspoc- tion that Is alroady working S0 satistactorily with cattle und meat products. The Unddock bill covers the quest on of adulterated or compound lard and similar mixtures, and it enacted, will ronder the much discussed Con- gor lard bill unnecassary, and but littie more Wiil be hourd of the lutter measure, “Lhe most prominent collector of crop sta- tistics in the west, 5. T, Prime of Dwight, Livingston county, 11, took ocoasion to col- lect information from 1,079 of his farmer cor. respondouts regarding the puro food bill, In response to the query, “*Are you in favor of the pure food bill{" 992 replied ‘*Yes, 52 “No," and 35 sent no answar. Mr. Prime writes in respect of this report: My roport was made up as the opinion of nearly elvovon hundred farmors in the states of Olifo. Inatans. Michl Tinofs. lowa, Wisconsin, Minnosota, tho Dakotus, Nebrasku. Missourl, iansas, Kentueky and Tonnessos. | know nothing about their politics or whethor or not they were members of tho Farmors' alliance. For ton yoars these men huve been my FegUlAr Crop correspondents, Here is another witness of the highest character and intelligence: {The Journal of the American Modlcal Asso- tion.] ADULTERATION OF FOODS AND DRUGS, An ovidenco of prozrossive eniighteninont comes 1o us in the form of “a bill recontly in: troduced in the United States senats for pre- venting the aduiteration of food wnd drugs, and for other purposes.” “Phis bill is 0 commendable and worthy of tho attention of the medicul profossion that We take pleasuro in giving itspasein our pugos, leulturallst, DRUGS. drugs has recelved u tention and ex- n the simo the aur the adul- The examination o considerable share of our pense, with what i, Hgurcs below will show. teration in dru This year tho average, unulyst's report, i& 40 per marked lmprovement, brought aboat with Tesorting Lo proxcoution, vxeept in the lutier part of the year, of which Lshail spoak further on. D These figures do not reprosent the actual ratio of adulteration, but only of those deugs Juost lable to suspioion. The New York Bulletin, after a careful review of the provisions of tne bill, says : The above are essential provis of Senn- tor Paddook's bill, Everyone recognizes the need of such legislation, ind no concerted op- Dosition 10 1t 1 possibie. The strong competi= tion between manufacturers and deslors tolu- cronse thelr salos has brought down prices, und in order to keep up profits rosorts have beeh made to adulterations of all kinds To such un extent has this boon carried that In many cases articles claimed to be pure consist chiefly of agulterants, Spices are now mado and 80ld at the buyer's price by mouns of the addition of various adulteraots; — wines, Clulnied to bo pure, often consist of the julco afdried ratsins. ourrants, ete.. with very liitle grape juice. * * * Senator Paddock’s bill s £ the right airection Dr. Lattimora of New York reports as fol- | lows: Of 876 articles of diet in duily use in every bousebold 255,0r more thau two-thirds, were adulterated. Of 205 ssmples of so- called cream of tariar sualyzed, only Afty- three wers unadulterated. Among the adul terated samples were found oxalic acid aud | feating the en nd objoct they are intended for, by admitting of tne unchocked progress of ‘tho diseuse and ths fatal consequun thereof, bu 0 In thelr improver und po sonousadmixtures, which wako thom de structive to 1ifo and health. Muny of them possuss powerful and toxic action, and con- sequently, when compounded snd ndminis- terod In Dinproper quantivios und dosos, give rise to most disastrous results. And again: That thers ara annually a numbor of vaiu- ab'e lives sacelficod from this causo is as lttlo 10 ho doubted 45 thit ali the cuses of suffer- ny. 1liness und death therefrom are certninly Gidnble by proper Lnowledve, forothought, precantion, and iegal sapervision. 1 read an articlo from the Chicftain, pub- tished at Puebio, Col., which | am_informed by my friends the sonators from that state, is one of the most influential pupors, whose editor 18 one of the most intalligent and reli- able porsous connected with th @ pross in that state: v Foon. tend to which theadualter- ation of hu food is carviod In mode vimes and the evil results arising the) have er od i necessity for the pussage senntor Paddouk’s pure food biil. 'his bill 1s one of the best woany similar measures that have been introduced’in the conzress of tho Unitod States. 1ts ehiof provision Js thut all wrticles manntactured for human food shill be aecotpaniod by & guarsnty that they are as representod. OF course thire 18 a howl all over the coun try from men who huave grown W althy throtgh tho manufacture nnd sale of aduiters atod artteles intended for human food uzninst o pigsnze of Lhis bill, and many of thou wro [0 56 a portion of thoir ili-gotton gains The outr: Cteating It thaditerations wero alwiys of w hurmless Luro, siiuply-olioaper substantes Lan thit Which the article purports w Le, gnd not dole= ) lumaidionith, the necessity for the enscument of sueh i lww would not b so Rre but o thelr bilnd gresd for guln, many Consclenceless men cause people Lo unwit- terra alba and In referring to ma- nipulated spices, Dr. Lattimors says (page » x> § v ingly tako into thelr systoms vilo things 4~ ptended for ha n food. Senator Paddo:k's bl simply provides that Al artioles of tho kinds wbove wmuntloned shiall ho sold for what they reully wre wnd not what they A 10 bi. Coffee composed largely of roasted woriy bouns, for exuinpie. st bosold s coffee und bewns, and lurd madoeof the lntestines of that nohie animal o hog. in & strictly natural condition, and wixed with cotton” soed oll must no longer manguernde a8 pure kottle ronderod loaf. O eomarzarive must by scid as such and not us fine creamery butter, and ground sploes wixed with corn meal must wotbe palmed of Upon an unsuspecting public as stralght good Ihere are very fow Unitod Stites the bus'n 1 L0 any singio state, hnce t hlen the bl wis referred o ) cong 9 hus us wood a4 constitutional Fight to regulate the adulteration of food as it has to control the interstite co 0, Evory eitizon whe has apy rogard for his lealth wnd who objocts to beinZ swindled In almost oy msuufaetored artiele of food which he buys sh 150 GVOry moaus 0 hi power to aid the prssa <o of Senator Paddosi's Gxoellent hill, A lettor from H. Wharton Amerliog, nros- ident of the American Soeloty for the' I’re- vention of Adulteration of Food, etc., 4 s follows : PHILADELPIIA, Pa., Jau. 80, 1502 our Kindly fuvbr of the 2t ulbin sten toreply, thinking you for you wre takling in uriug the o T 4 wewsure wilch for 1ts pur vunnement of the purity and excell o supply ntende Lhie sustenunce of the peopie ~the whole people. ‘Thut waich s YIvin 10 the body to guskaia and peolons 11( should e wiutitalpda pure aud useils Loyoud the poavibiiity of poliut.on, 86 far a8 noyer itten Dour Bir: A N